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Zhang P, Li H, Gong H, Tian Y, Chen F, Li X, Xie C, Tu C, Qian S, Tan Y, Liu Q, Zhang B. c-Myc-XRCC2-FOS axis promotes the proliferation and the resistance to Doxorubicin of NSCLC. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117315. [PMID: 39153434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents one of the most prevalent malignant neoplasms, commanding an alarming incidence and mortality rate globally. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), constituting approximately 80 %-90 % of all lung cancer cases, is the predominant pathological manifestation of this disease, with a disconcerting 5-year survival rate scarcely reaching 10 %. Extensive prior investigations have elucidated that the aberrant expression of X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 2 (XRCC2), a critical meiotic gene intricately involved in the DNA damage repair process, is intimately associated with tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the precise roles and underlying mechanistic pathways of XRCC2 in NSCLC remain largely elusive. In the present study, we discerned an overexpression of XRCC2 within NSCLC patient tissues, particularly in high-grade samples, when juxtaposed with normal tissues. Targeted knockdown of XRCC2 notably impeded the proliferation of NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. Comprehensive RNA sequencing and flow rescue assays unveiled that XRCC2 augments the proliferation of NSCLC cells through the down-regulation of FOS expression. Moreover, the c-Myc gene was definitively identified as an XRCC2 transcriptional factor by means of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays, whereby pharmacological attenuation of c-Myc expression, in conjunction with Doxorubicin, synergistically curtailed NSCLC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings proffer critical insights into the novel c-Myc-XRCC2-FOS axis in promoting both proliferation and resistance to Doxorubicin in NSCLC cells, thereby extending a promising avenue for potential new diagnostic strategies and therapeutic interventions in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihe Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Han Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxuan Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunbo Xie
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaofeng Tu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyi Qian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Wang S, Yu H, Guo P, Feng L, Li Z. C-FOS inhibition promotes pancreatic cancer cell ferroptosis by transcriptionally regulating the expression of SLC7A11. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 39292359 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Cellular proto-oncogene C-Fos forms the AP-1 transcription factor by dimerizing with proto-oncogene c-Jun; this factor upregulates the transcription of genes associated with different malignancies. However, its functions in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remain poorly understood. In this study, the c-Fos was increased in PAAD cells and tissues through bioinformatic analysis, RT-PCR, and WB. In two PAAD cell lines, PANC-1 and BxPC-3, we performed c-Fos knockdown studies using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Functional analysis indicated that c-Fos depletion in PAAD cells inhibits cell proliferation and promotes ferroptosis. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and Dual-luciferase experiments showed that c-Fos coupled to the promoter region of SLC7A11 stimulated its transcription, providing mechanistic insight into the process. Moreover, SLC7A11 blocked the decline of proliferation and ferroptosis by c-Fos knockdown in PAAD cells. Furthermore, a xenograft nude mouse model was established to study the impact of c-Fos on tumorigenesis in vivo. Depletion of c-Fos could suppress PC tumor growth and the expressions of SLC7A11, ki-67, and 4HNE, but overexpression of SLC7A11 reversed this process. In summary, our investigation has shown that c-Fos acts as a transcriptional regulator of SLC7A11, which may enhance tumour growth in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis. These results indicate that c-Fos might be a promising target for treating ferroptosis in PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Liuxing Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China.
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3
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Yao H, Wu Y, Zhong Y, Huang C, Guo Z, Jin Y, Wang X. Role of c-Fos in DNA damage repair. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31216. [PMID: 38327128 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
c-Fos, a member of the immediate early gene, serves as a widely used marker of neuronal activation induced by various types of brain damage. In addition, c-Fos is believed to play a regulatory role in DNA damage repair. This paper reviews the literature on c-Fos' involvement in the regulation of DNA damage repair and indicates that genes of the Fos family can be induced by various forms of DNA damage. In addition, cells lacking c-Fos have difficulties in DNA repair. c-Fos is involved in tumorigenesis and progression as a proto-oncogene that maintains cancer cell survival, which may also be related to DNA repair. c-Fos may impact the repair of DNA damage by regulating the expression of downstream proteins, including ATR, ERCC1, XPF, and others. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms necessitate further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilun Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxuan Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimo Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Guang B, Gao X, Chen X, Li R, Ma L. Dissection of action mechanisms of Zuogui Pill in the treatment of liver cancer based on machine learning and network pharmacology: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35628. [PMID: 37861529 PMCID: PMC10589513 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of Zuogui Pill in its efficacy against liver cancer, employing a combination of data mining approaches and network pharmacology methods. A novel clustering analysis algorithm was proposed to identify the core gene modules of Zuogui Pill. This algorithm successfully identified 5 core modules, with the first large module comprised of twelve proteins forming a 12-clique, representing the strongest connections among them. By utilizing GEO platform, ten key target proteins were detected, including FOS, PTGS2, and MYC. According to the GO annotation and KEGG analysis, desired target proteins were significantly enriched in various biological processes (BP). The analysis showed that ten key targets were strongly associated with signaling pathways mainly centered on MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathway. Additionally, molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between core active ingredients of Zuogui Pill and these key targets, and the best affinity modes were observed for PTGS2-Sesamin, PRKCA-Sesamin, FOS-delta-Carotene. In order to establish the relationships between clinical symptoms and drug targets, a heterogeneous targets-related network was constructed. A total of 60 key target-symptom association pairs were detected, exemplified by the strongly association between fever and PTGS2 through the intermediary of Shu Di Huang. In summary, symptom-target associations are valuable in uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms of Zuogui Pill. Our work reinforced the notion that Zuogui pill exhibits therapeutic potential on liver cancer through network targets, as well as synergistic effects of multi-component and multi-pathway. This study provided specific references for future experiments at the cost of less time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Guang
- College of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute of Liver Disease, Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- School of Foreign Language, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - RuiLing Li
- College of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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He Y, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Mertens RT, Cao Q, Xu X, Guo K, Shi Q, Zhang X, Huo L, Wang K, Guo H, Shen W, Shen M, Feng W, Xiao P. Butyrate reverses ferroptosis resistance in colorectal cancer by inducing c-Fos-dependent xCT suppression. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102822. [PMID: 37494767 PMCID: PMC10388208 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has emerged to be a promising approach in cancer therapies; however, colorectal cancer (CRC) is relatively insensitive to ferroptosis. Exactly how the gut microenvironment impacts the ferroptotic sensitivity of CRC remains unknown. Herein, by performing metabolomics, we discovered that butyrate concentrations were significantly decreased in CRC patients. Butyrate supplementation sensitized CRC mice to ferroptosis induction, showing great in vivo translatability. Particularly, butyrate treatment reduced ferroptotic resistance of cancer stem cells. Mechanistically, butyrate inhibited xCT expression and xCT-dependent glutathione synthesis. Moreover, we identified c-Fos as a novel xCT suppressor, and further elucidated that butyrate induced c-Fos expression via disrupting class I HDAC activity. In CRC patients, butyrate negatively correlated with tumor xCT expression and positively correlated with c-Fos expression. Finally, butyrate was found to boost the pro-ferroptotic function of oxaliplatin (OXA). Immunohistochemistry data showed that OXA non-responders exhibited higher xCT expression compared to OXA responders. Hence, butyrate supplementation is a promising approach to break the ferroptosis resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Yuhang Ling
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | | | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xutao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qian Shi
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Lixia Huo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Huihui Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Weiyun Shen
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Manlu Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wenming Feng
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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6
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Cheng H, Li Y, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Zhang B. Study on the effect and mechanisms of piperine against cervical cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37235876 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2217611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Piperine has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, and its potential in treating cervical cancer needs further exploration. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) in cervical cancer. Predicted targets of piperine were compared with cervical cancer-associated genes from various databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, enrichment of GO and KEGG pathways, and molecular docking were performed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was done to assess prognostic significance. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to confirm findings. We obtained 403 IRDEGs, 125 piperine targets, and 7037 cervical cancer genes. PPI network analysis revealed potential targets and pathways regulated by piperine. Molecular docking showed good binding activity of piperine with specific targets. In vitro, piperine inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. In vivo, piperine suppressed tumor growth and downregulated expression of IL-1β and NLRP3 in tumor cells. Piperine also downregulated expression of IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, and RORγt, and decreased the number of Th17 cells in tumor tissues. Piperine may inhibit cervical cancer progression through modulation of Th17 cell activation mediated by the NLRP3/IL-1β axis. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential of piperine as an immunomodulatory agent in cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Gupte R, Lin KY, Nandu T, Lea JS, Kraus WL. Combinatorial Treatment with PARP-1 Inhibitors and Cisplatin Attenuates Cervical Cancer Growth through Fos-Driven Changes in Gene Expression. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1183-1192. [PMID: 35503086 PMCID: PMC9357060 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer continues to be a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in women. The most common treatment for cervical cancer involves the use of the drug cisplatin in conjunction with other therapeutics. However, the development of cisplatin resistance in patients can hinder the efficacy of these treatments, so alternatives are needed. In this study, we found that PARP inhibitors (PARPi) could attenuate the growth of cells representing cervical adenocarcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, a combination of PARPi with cisplatin increased cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity in cervical cancer cells. This was accompanied by a dramatic alteration of the transcriptome. The FOS gene, which encodes the transcription factor Fos, was one of the most highly upregulated genes in the dual treatment condition, leading to increased Fos protein levels, greater Fos binding to chromatin, and the subsequent induction of Fos target genes. Increased expression of Fos was sufficient to hinder cervical cancer growth, as shown by ectopic expression of Fos in cervical cancer cells. Conversely, Fos knockdown enhanced cell growth. Collectively, these results indicate that by inducing FOS expression, PARPi treatment in combination with cisplatin leads to inhibition of cervical cancer proliferation, likely through a Fos-specific gene expression program. IMPLICATIONS Our observations, which link the gene regulatory effects of PARPi + cisplatin to the growth inhibitory effects of FOS expression in cervical cancer cells, strengthen the rationale for using PARPi with cisplatin as a therapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gupte
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ken Y. Lin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9032
| | - Tulip Nandu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jayanthi S. Lea
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9032
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Address for manuscript correspondence and publication: W. Lee Kraus, Ph.D., Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8511, Phone: 214-648-2388, Fax: 214-648-0383,
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8
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Verma R, Sharma PC. Identification of stage-specific differentially expressed genes and SNPs in gastric cancer employing RNA-Seq based transcriptome profiling. Genomics 2021; 114:61-71. [PMID: 34839019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We analysed over 400 million reads obtained from Illumina sequencing of six pairs of libraries representing two each of stage I, II, and III gastric tumors and corresponding normal tissues to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and transcription factors (TFs). In total, 2207 DEGs including 972 upregulated genes and 1235 downregulated genes were detected. Of these, several stage-specific signature genes were identified. The protein-protein interaction networks involving DEGs and TFs were constructed. The KEGG pathway analysis of SNP harbouring genes revealed their involvement in different cancer related pathways like apoptosis, mTOR pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. The SNP analysis showed implication of host genes in GO categories like immune system process, regulation of signaling, response to stress, and transport. A biased chromosomal distribution of DEGs and SNP harbouring genes was observed. Our study would provide further insights into the complex regulatory mechanisms operating during gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Verma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakash Chand Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India.
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9
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Umar MI, Hassan W, Murtaza G, Buabeid M, Arafa E, Irfan HM, Asmawi MZ, Huang X. The Adipokine Component in the Molecular Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Proliferation and Metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609828. [PMID: 34588926 PMCID: PMC8473628 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hormonal imbalance may disrupt the rigorously monitored cellular microenvironment by hampering the natural homeostatic mechanisms. The most common example of such hormonal glitch could be seen in obesity where the uprise in adipokine levels is in virtue of the expanding bulk of adipose tissue. Such aberrant endocrine signaling disrupts the regulation of cellular fate, rendering the cells to live in a tumor supportive microenvironment. Previously, it was believed that the adipokines support cancer proliferation and metastasis with no direct involvement in neoplastic transformations and tumorigenesis. However, the recent studies have reported discrete mechanisms that establish the direct involvement of adipokine signaling in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the individual adipokine profile of the patients has never been considered in the prognosis and staging of the disease. Hence, the present manuscript has focused on the reported extensive mechanisms that culminate the basis of poor prognosis and diminished survival rate in obese cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elshaimaa Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Xianju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Turkez H, Arslan ME, Tatar A, Mardinoglu A. Promising potential of boron compounds against Glioblastoma: In Vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer studies. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105137. [PMID: 34293392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant astrocytoma correlated with poor patient survival. There are no curative treatments for GB, and it becomes resistant to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Resistance in GB cells is closely related to their states of redox imbalance, and the role of reactive oxygen species and its impact on cancer cell survival is still far from elucidation. Boron-containing compounds, especially boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) exhibited interesting biological effects involving antibacterial, antiviral, anti-cancerogenic, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory as well as anti-oxidative features. Recent studies indicated that certain boron compounds could be cytotoxic on human GB. Nevertheless, there is gap of knowledge in the literature on exploring the underlying mechanisms of anti-GB action by boron compounds. Here, we identified and compared the potential anti-GB effect of both BA and BX, and revealed their underlying anti-GB mechanism. We performed cell viability, oxidative alterations, oxidative DNA damage potential assays, and explored the inflammatory responses and gene expression changes by real-time PCR using U-87MG cells. We found that BA and BX led to a remarkable reduction in U-87MG cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that boron compounds increased the total oxidative status and MDA levels along with the SOD and CAT enzyme activities and decreased total antioxidant capacity and GSH levels in U-87MG cells without inducing DNA damage. The cytokine levels of cancer cells were also altered. We verified the selectivity of the compounds using a normal cell line, HaCaT and found an exact opposite condition after treating HaCaT cells with BA and BX. BA applications were more effective than BX on U-87MG cell line in terms of increasing MDA levels, SOD and CAT enzyme activities, and decreasing Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) levels. We finally observed that anticancer effect of BA and BX were associated with the BRAF/MAPK, PTEN and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in respect of downregulatory manner. Especially, BA application was found more favorable because of its inhibitory effect on PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN and RAF1 genes. In conclusion, our analysis indicated that boron compounds may be safe and promising for effective treatment of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, 25250; Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240; Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-17121, Sweden.
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11
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Revealing nuclear receptor hub modules from Basal-like breast cancer expression networks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252901. [PMID: 34161324 PMCID: PMC8221501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are a class of transcriptional factors. Together with their co-regulators, they regulate development, homeostasis, and metabolism in a ligand-dependent manner. Their ability to respond to environmental stimuli rapidly makes them versatile cellular components. Their coordinated activities regulate essential pathways in normal physiology and in disease. Due to their complexity, the challenge remains in understanding their direct associations in cancer development. Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive form of breast cancer that often lacks ER, PR and Her2. The absence of these receptors limits the treatment for patients to the non-selective cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs. To identify potential drug targets it is essential to identify the most important nuclear receptor association network motifs in Basal-like subtype progression. This research aimed to reveal the transcriptional network patterns, in the hope to capture the underlying molecular state driving Basal-like oncogenesis. In this work, we illustrate a multidisciplinary approach of integrating an unsupervised machine learning clustering method with network modelling to reveal unique transcriptional patterns (network motifs) underlying Basal-like breast cancer. The unsupervised clustering method provides a natural stratification of breast cancer patients, revealing the underlying heterogeneity in Basal-like. Identification of gene correlation networks (GCNs) from Basal-like patients in both the TCGA and METABRIC databases revealed three critical transcriptional regulatory constellations that are enriched in Basal-like. These represent critical NR components implicated in Basal-like breast cancer transcription. This approach is easily adaptable and applicable to reveal critical signalling relationships in other diseases.
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12
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Alekseenko L, Shilina M, Kozhukharova I, Lyublinskaya O, Fridlyanskaya I, Nikolsky N, Grinchuk T. Impact of Polyallylamine Hydrochloride on Gene Expression and Karyotypic Stability of Multidrug Resistant Transformed Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E2332. [PMID: 33096691 PMCID: PMC7589997 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic polymer, polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAA), is found in a variety of applications in biotechnology and medicine. It is used in gene and siRNA transfer, to form microcapsules for targeted drug delivery to damaged and tumor cells. Conventional chemotherapy often does not kill all cancer cells and leads to multidrug resistance (MDR). Until recently, studies of the effects of PAA on cells have mainly focused on their morphological and genetic characteristics immediately or several hours after exposure to the polymer. The properties of the cell progeny which survived the sublethal effects of PAA and resumed their proliferation, were not monitored. The present study demonstrated that treatment of immortalized Chinese hamster cells CHLV-79 RJK sensitive (RJK) and resistant (RJKEB) to ethidium bromide (EB) with cytotoxic doses of PAA, selected cells with increased karyotypic instability, were accompanied by changes in the expression of p53 genes c-fos, topo2-α, hsp90, hsc70. These changes did not contribute to the progression of MDR, accompanied by the increased sensitivity of these cells to the toxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX). Our results showed that PAA does not increase the oncogenic potential of immortalized cells and confirmed that it can be used for intracellular drug delivery for anticancer therapy.
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13
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Abstract
Chemerin is a multifunctional adipokine with established roles in inflammation, adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggest an important function of chemerin in cancer. Chemerin's main cellular receptors, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G-protein coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) are expressed in most normal and tumor tissues. Chemerin's role in cancer is considered controversial, since it is able to exert both anti-tumoral and tumor-promoting effects, which are mediated by different mechanisms like recruiting innate immune defenses or activation of endothelial angiogenesis. For this review article, original research articles on the role of chemerin and its receptors in cancer were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we included meta-analyses of publicly accessible DNA microarray data to elucidate the association of expression of chemerin and its receptors in tumor tissues with patients' survival.
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14
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Turkez H, Nóbrega FRD, Ozdemir O, Bezerra Filho CDSM, Almeida RND, Tejera E, Perez-Castillo Y, Sousa DPD. NFBTA: A Potent Cytotoxic Agent against Glioblastoma. Molecules 2019; 24:E2411. [PMID: 31261921 PMCID: PMC6651752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Piplartine (PPL), also known as piperlongumine, is a biologically active alkaloid extracted from the Piper genus which has been found to have highly effective anticancer activity against several tumor cell lines. This study investigates in detail the antitumoral potential of a PPL analogue; (E)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) acrylamide (NFBTA). The anticancer potential of NFBTA on the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell line (U87MG) was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thia-zolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release analysis, and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated. To detect cell apoptosis, fluorescent staining via flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining were performed. Oxidative alterations were assessed via colorimetric measurement methods. Alterations in expressions of key genes related to carcinogenesis were determined. Additionally, in terms of NFBTA cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic damage potential, the biosafety of this novel agent was evaluated in cultured human whole blood cells. Cell viability analyses revealed that NFBTA exhibited strong cytotoxic activity in cultured U87MG cells, with high selectivity and inhibitory activity in apoptotic processes, as well as potential for altering the principal molecular genetic responses in U87MG cell growth. Molecular docking studies strongly suggested a plausible anti-proliferative mechanism for NBFTA. The results of the experimental in vitro human glioblastoma model and computational approach revealed promising cytotoxic activity for NFBTA, helping to orient further studies evaluating its antitumor profile for safe and effective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Flávio Rogério da Nóbrega
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | | | | | - Eduardo Tejera
- Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | | | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil.
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15
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Wu X, Peng L, Zhang Y, Chen S, Lei Q, Li G, Zhang C. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Cervical Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:800-812. [PMID: 31337953 PMCID: PMC6643108 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common malignant tumour of the female reproductive system that seriously threatens the health of women. The aims of this study were to identify key genes and pathways and to illuminate new molecular mechanisms underlying cervical cancer. Altogether, 1829 DEGs were identified, including 794 significantly down-regulated DEGs and 1035 significantly up-regulated DEGs. GO analysis suggested that the up-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in mitotic cell cycle processes, including DNA replication, organelle fission, chromosome segregation and cell cycle phase transition, and that the down-regulated DEGs were primarily enriched in development and differentiation processes, such as tissue development, epidermis development, skin development, keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal cell differentiation and epithelial cell differentiation. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in cell cycle, DNA replication, the p53 signalling pathway, pathways in cancer and oocyte meiosis. The top 9 hub genes with a high degree of connectivity (over 72 in the PPI network) were down-regulated TSPO, CCND1, and FOS and up-regulated CDK1, TOP2A, CCNB1, PCNA, BIRC5 and MAD2L1. Module analysis indicated that the top 3 modules were significantly enriched in mitotic cell cycle, DNA replication and regulation of cell cycle (P < 0.01). The heat map based on TCGA database preliminarily demonstrated the expression change of the key genes in cervical cancer. GSEA results were basically coincident with the front enrichment analysis results. By comprehensive analysis, we confirmed that cell cycle was a key biological process and a critical driver in cervical cancer. In conclusion, this study identified DEGs and screened the key genes and pathways closely related to cervical cancer by bioinformatics analysis, simultaneously deepening our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of cervical cancer. These results might hold promise for finding potential therapeutic targets of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Li Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Shilian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Qian Lei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Guancheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Wang CH, Jiang TC, Qiang WM, Zhang L, Feng LJ, Shen YJ, Shen YX. Activator protein‑1 is a novel regulator of mesencephalic astrocyte‑derived neurotrophic factor transcription. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5765-5774. [PMID: 30365109 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte‑derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑inducible protein, which has been suggested to be upregulated in inflammatory diseases; however, how inflammation regulates its transcription remains unclear. Activator protein‑1 (AP‑1), which is a transcription factor complex composed of c‑Fos and c‑Jun, is activated during the inflammatory process. The present study aimed to investigate whether the AP‑1 complex regulates MANF transcription. The results of a luciferase reporter assay revealed that one of three putative AP‑1 binding sites in the MANF promoter region is essential for enhancement of MANF transcription. Mechanistically, AP‑1 was revealed to directly bind to the promoter region of the MANF gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, MANF was strongly expressed in the liver tissues of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, compared with in normal liver tissues from patients with hepatic hemangioma. Furthermore, c‑Fos and c‑Jun were also upregulated in the nuclei of hepatocytes from patients with HBV infection. In mice treated with carbon tetrachloride, the expression patterns of MANF, c‑Fos and c‑Jun were similar to those in patients with HBV. These results suggested that the AP‑1 complex may be a novel regulator of MANF transcription, which may be involved in liver inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Cui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Qiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jie Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xian Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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17
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Talari NK, Panigrahi MK, Madigubba S, Phanithi PB. Overexpression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway in human meningioma. J Neurooncol 2018; 137:241-248. [PMID: 29302888 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor and involved in tumorigenesis of many cancers. However there are no reports on AHR in human meningioma. Therefore we examined the status of the AHR and its signalling molecules in human meningioma by using tumor biopsy samples and autopsy control meninges. We report the up regulation of AHR pathway genes like aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), aldehyde dehydrogenase1family memberA3 (ALDH1A3), cytochrome P450, family1, subfamily A polypeptide1 (CYP1A1) and TCCD induced poly ADP ribose polymerase (TIPARP) gene expression in human meningioma. Further, AHR protein expression was found to be up regulated in all grades of human meningioma. We found that AHR localized in the nucleus for high grade anaplastic meningioma through immunohistochemical analysis. Since AHR signalling pathway was known to involve in inhibition of apoptosis in cancer cells, we evaluated the cyclophilin D levels which maintains mitochondrial permeability transition pore a critical event during apoptosis. We report that cyclophilin D levels were upregulated in all grades of human meningioma compared to control meninges. Finally we also evaluated c-Fos protein levels as its levels were regulated by AHR. Here we report that c-Fos protein levels were down regulated in all grades of human meningioma compared to control meninges. To sum-up we found that AHR signalling pathway components were upregulated, as the grade of the meningioma progresses from low to high grade, suggesting an important role of AHR signalling pathway in human meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noble Kumar Talari
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, TS, 500046, India
| | | | | | - Prakash Babu Phanithi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, TS, 500046, India. .,Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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18
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Jiang T, Du F, Qin N, Lu Q, Dai J, Shen H, Hu Z. Systematical analyses of variants in DNase I hypersensitive sites to identify hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility loci in a Chinese population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1887-1894. [PMID: 28321907 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although several variants located at coding and non-coding regions were evaluated by previous studies, the evidence for associations between variants located in DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DHSs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk was still limited. Recent advances using ENCODE data indicated that genetic variants in DHSs played an important role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, systematically investigating the associations between regulatory variants in DHSs and HCC risk should be put on the agenda. METHODS We conducted a case-control design (1538 HCC cases vs 1465 normal controls) to evaluate the effects on HCC for the variants located at the uniform DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing peaks in a Chinese population. RESULTS We found two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms rs12309362 (odds ratio = 0.64, P = 5.61 × 10-6 ) and rs9970827 (odds ratio = 0.73, P = 7.23 × 10-6 ) significantly associated with decreased risk of HCC. Conditional analysis proved that both of them independently contributed to the susceptibility of HCC. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis found that A allele of rs12309362 was significantly associated with an elevated expression of phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 5 in liver tissues. In addition, gene-based analysis indicated that CEBPB (P = 1 × 10-4 ) was associated with the risk of HCC, and the expression of CEBPB was significantly lower in 50 The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC tumor tissues compared with matched normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that rs12309362 (G > A), rs9970827 (A > G) in DHSs, and elevated expression of CEBPB were associated with a decreased risk of HCC. These results may contribute us to understand the function of regulatory DNA sequences in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangzhi Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Pasovic L, Eidet JR, Olstad OK, Chen DF, Lyberg T, Utheim TP. Impact of Storage Temperature on the Expression of Cell Survival Genes in Cultured ARPE-19 Cells. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:134-144. [PMID: 27259952 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1145236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of a suitable storage method for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is necessary in the establishment of future RPE replacement therapy, and storage temperature has proven to be pivotal for cell survival. ARPE-19, a widely used model for RPE, has been shown to yield the greatest number of viable cells when stored at 16°C compared to other storage temperatures. In this study, we analyze the gene expression profile of cultured ARPE-19 cells after seven days of storage at different temperatures in an effort to predict the gene-level consequences of storage of RPE transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS ARPE-19 cells were cultured until confluence and then stored in minimum essential medium at 4°C, 16°C, and 37°C for seven days. The total RNA was isolated and the gene expression profile was determined using DNA microarrays. The Results were validated using qPCR. RESULTS Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses show that the gene expression profiles of cell cultures stored at different temperatures cluster into separate groups. Cultures stored at 4°C cluster closest to the control cultures that were not stored and display the least change in gene expression after storage (157 differentially expressed genes). Cultures stored at 16°C and 37°C display a much larger change in differential gene expression (1787 and 1357 differentially expressed genes, respectively). At 16°C, the expression of several genes with proposed tumor suppressor functions was markedly increased. Changes in regulation of several known signaling pathways and of oxidative stress markers were discovered at both 16°C and 37°C, and activation of the angiogenesis marker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was discovered at 37°C. There was no evidence of the activation of inflammatory processes in stored cell cultures. CONCLUSION ARPE-19 cultures stored at 16°C show the greatest propensity to modulate their gene expression profile in a manner that supports cell survival during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pasovic
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,b Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jon R Eidet
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ole K Olstad
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Dong F Chen
- d Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , USA
| | - Torstein Lyberg
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tor P Utheim
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,e Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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20
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Wong AST, Che CM, Leung KW. Recent advances in ginseng as cancer therapeutics: a functional and mechanistic overview. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:256-72. [PMID: 25347695 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Ginseng, a key ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, shows great promise as a new treatment option. As listed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as a complementary and alternative medicine, its anti-cancer functions are being increasingly recognized. This review covers the mechanisms of action of ginsenosides and their metabolites, which can modulate signaling pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, metastasis, and stem/progenitor-like properties of cancer cells. The emerging use of structurally modified ginsenosides and recent clinical studies on the use of ginseng either alone or in combination with other herbs or Western medicines which are exploited as novel therapeutic strategies will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S T Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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21
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Evidence for Homodimerization of the c-Fos Transcription Factor in Live Cells Revealed by Fluorescence Microscopy and Computer Modeling. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3785-98. [PMID: 26303532 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00346-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Fos and c-Jun transcription factors, members of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex, form heterodimers and bind to DNA via a basic leucine zipper and regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, differentiation, etc. Purified c-Jun leucine zipper fragments could also form stable homodimers, whereas c-Fos leucine zipper homodimers were found to be much less stable in earlier in vitro studies. The importance of c-Fos overexpression in tumors and the controversy in the literature concerning c-Fos homodimerization prompted us to investigate Fos homodimerization. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and molecular brightness analysis of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data from live HeLa cells transfected with fluorescent-protein-tagged c-Fos indicated that c-Fos formed homodimers. We developed a method to determine the absolute concentrations of transfected and endogenous c-Fos and c-Jun, which allowed us to determine dissociation constants of c-Fos homodimers (Kd = 6.7 ± 1.7 μM) and c-Fos-c-Jun heterodimers (on the order of 10 to 100 nM) from FRET titrations. Imaging fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (SPIM-FCCS) and molecular dynamics modeling confirmed that c-Fos homodimers were stably associated and could bind to the chromatin. Our results establish c-Fos homodimers as a novel form of the AP-1 complex that may be an autonomous transcription factor in c-Fos-overexpressing tissues and could contribute to tumor development.
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Alagramam KN, Stepanyan R, Jamesdaniel S, Chen DHC, Davis RR. Noise exposure immediately activates cochlear mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Noise Health 2015; 16:400-9. [PMID: 25387536 DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.144418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major public health issue worldwide. Uncovering the early molecular events associated with NIHL would reveal mechanisms leading to the hearing loss. Our aim is to investigate the immediate molecular responses after different levels of noise exposure and identify the common and distinct pathways that mediate NIHL. Previous work showed mice exposed to 116 decibels sound pressure level (dB SPL) broadband noise for 1 h had greater threshold shifts than the mice exposed to 110 dB SPL broadband noise, hence we used these two noise levels in this study. Groups of 4-8-week-old CBA/CaJ mice were exposed to no noise (control) or to broadband noise for 1 h, followed by transcriptome analysis of total cochlear RNA isolated immediately after noise exposure. Previously identified and novel genes were found in all data sets. Following exposure to noise at 116 dB SPL, the earliest responses included up-regulation of 243 genes and down-regulation of 61 genes, while a similar exposure at 110 dB SPL up-regulated 155 genes and down-regulated 221 genes. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was the major pathway in both levels of noise exposure. Nevertheless, both qualitative and quantitative differences were noticed in some MAPK signaling genes, after exposure to different noise levels. Cacna1b , Cacna1g , and Pla2g6 , related to calcium signaling were down-regulated after 110 dB SPL exposure, while the fold increase in the expression of Fos was relatively lower than what was observed after 116 dB SPL exposure. These subtle variations provide insight on the factors that may contribute to the differences in NIHL despite the activation of a common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar N Alagramam
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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23
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Up-Regulation of c-Fos Associated with Neuronal Apoptosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:363-376. [PMID: 25354492 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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24
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Pallante P, Sepe R, Federico A, Forzati F, Bianco M, Fusco A. CBX7 modulates the expression of genes critical for cancer progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98295. [PMID: 24865347 PMCID: PMC4035280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that the expression of CBX7 is drastically decreased in several human carcinomas and that its expression progressively decreases with the appearance of a highly malignant phenotype. The aim of our study has been to investigate the mechanism by which the loss of CBX7 expression may contribute to the emergence of a more malignant phenotype. Methods We analyzed the gene expression profile of a thyroid carcinoma cell line after the restoration of CBX7 and, then, analyzed the transcriptional regulation of identified genes. Finally, we evaluated the expression of CBX7 and regulated genes in a panel of thyroid and lung carcinomas. Results We found that CBX7 negatively or positively regulates the expression of several genes (such as SPP1, SPINK1, STEAP1, and FOS, FOSB, EGR1, respectively) associated to cancer progression, by interacting with their promoter regions and modulating their transcriptional activity. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses in human thyroid and lung carcinoma tissues revealed a negative correlation between CBX7 and its down-regulated genes, while a positive correlation was observed with up-regulated genes. Conclusion In conclusion, the loss of CBX7 expression might play a critical role in advanced stages of carcinogenesis by deregulating the expression of specific effector genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Sepe
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Federico
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Forzati
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mimma Bianco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Identifying gastric cancer related genes using the shortest path algorithm and protein-protein interaction network. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:371397. [PMID: 24729971 PMCID: PMC3963223 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer, as one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide, causes about 800,000 deaths per year. Up to now, the mechanism underlying this disease is still not totally uncovered. Identification of related genes of this disease is an important step which can help to understand the mechanism underlying this disease, thereby designing effective treatments. In this study, some novel gastric cancer related genes were discovered based on the knowledge of known gastric cancer related ones. These genes were searched by applying the shortest path algorithm in protein-protein interaction network. The analysis results suggest that some of them are indeed involved in the biological process of gastric cancer, which indicates that they are the actual gastric cancer related genes with high probability. It is hopeful that the findings in this study may help promote the study of this disease and the methods can provide new insights to study various diseases.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The HOX genes are a family of transcription factors that help to determine cell and tissue identity during early development, and which are also over-expressed in a number of malignancies where they have been shown to promote cell proliferation and survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of HOX genes in prostate cancer and to establish whether prostate cancer cells are sensitive to killing by HXR9, an inhibitor of HOX function. METHODS HOX function was inhibited using the HXR9 peptide. HOX gene expression was assessed by RNA extraction from cells or tissues followed by quantitative PCR, and siRNA was used to block the expression of the HOX target gene, cFos. In vivo modelling involved a mouse flank tumour induced by inoculation with LNCaP cells. RESULTS In this study we show that the expression of HOX genes in prostate tumours is greatly increased with respect to normal prostate tissue. Targeting the interaction between HOX proteins and their PBX cofactor induces apoptosis in the prostate cancer derived cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNCaP, through a mechanism that involves a rapid increase in the expression of cFos, an oncogenic transcription factor. Furthermore, disrupting HOX/PBX binding using the HXR9 antagonist blocks the growth of LNCaP tumours in a xenograft model over an extended period. CONCLUSION Many HOX genes are highly over-expressed in prostate cancer, and prostate cancer cells are sensitive to killing by HXR9 both in vitro and in vivo. The HOX genes are therefore a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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27
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Oliveira-Ferrer L, Rößler K, Haustein V, Schröder C, Wicklein D, Maltseva D, Khaustova N, Samatov T, Tonevitsky A, Mahner S, Jänicke F, Schumacher U, Milde-Langosch K. c-FOS suppresses ovarian cancer progression by changing adhesion. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:753-63. [PMID: 24322891 PMCID: PMC3915133 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: C-Fos was initially described as oncogene, but was associated with favourable prognosis in ovarian cancer (OvCa) patients. The molecular and functional aspects underlying this effect are still unknown. Methods: Using stable transfectants of SKOV3 and OVCAR8 cells, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptotic potential of c-FOS-overexpressing clones and controls were compared. Adherence to components of the extracellular matrix was analysed in static assays, and adhesion to E-selectin, endothelial and mesothelial cells in dynamic flow assays. The effect of c-FOS in vivo was studied after intraperitoneal injection of SKOV3 clones into SCID mice, and changes in gene expression were determined by microarray analysis. Results: Tumour growth after injection into SCID mice was strongly delayed by c-FOS overexpression, with reduction of lung metastases and circulating tumour cells. In vitro, c-FOS had only weak influence on proliferation and migration, but was strongly pro-apoptotic. Adhesion to components of the extracellular matrix (collagen I, IV) and to E-selectin, endothelial and mesothelial cells was significantly reduced in c-FOS-overexpressing OvCa cells. This corresponds to deregulation of adhesion proteins and glycosylation enzymes in microarray analysis. Conclusion: In addition to its known pro-apoptotic effect, c-FOS might influence OvCa progression by changing the adhesion of OvCa cells to peritoneal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Rößler
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Haustein
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Wicklein
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Maltseva
- SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya Street 2/85, Moscow 115088, Russia
| | - N Khaustova
- SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya Street 2/85, Moscow 115088, Russia
| | - T Samatov
- SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya Street 2/85, Moscow 115088, Russia
| | - A Tonevitsky
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltijskaya Street 8, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - S Mahner
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Jänicke
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - U Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Milde-Langosch
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Inhibition of sorcin reverses multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cells and MCF-7/A02 cells via regulating apoptosis-related proteins. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:789-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Takeda S, Nishimura H, Koyachi K, Matsumoto K, Yoshida K, Okamoto Y, Amamoto T, Shindo M, Aramaki H. (-)-Xanthatin induces the prolonged expression of c-Fos through an N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)-sensitive mechanism in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:547-57. [PMID: 23824011 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
We reported that (-)-xanthatin, a xanthanolide sesquiterpene lactone present in the Cocklebur plant, exhibited potent anti-proliferative effects on human breast cancer cells, in which GADD45γ, a novel tumor suppressor gene, was induced. Mechanistically, topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) inhibition by (-)-xanthatin was shown to be the upstream trigger that stimulated the expression of GADD45γ mRNA and concomitantly produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to maintain this expression. Since the anti-cancer drug etoposide, a selective Topo IIα inhibitor, has also been shown to induce intracellular ROS, (-)-xanthatin may exert its anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells in a similar manner to those of etoposide. In the present study, to generalize its applicability to cancer therapy, we further investigated the biological activities of (-)-xanthatin by comparing its activities to those of the established anti-cancer drug etoposide. After the exposure of breast cancer cells to (-)-xanthatin or etoposide, a prolonged and marked up-regulation in the expression of c-fos, a proapoptotic molecule, was detected together with GADD45γ; and the expression of these molecules was stabilized by ROS and abrogated by the pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a potent ROS scavenger. (-)-Xanthatin in particular exhibited stronger anti-proliferative potential than that of etoposide, which underlies the marked induction of c-fos/GADD45γ and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuso Takeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Japan
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30
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Meindl-Beinker NM, Matsuzaki K, Dooley S. TGF-β signaling in onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis 2012; 30:514-23. [PMID: 23108308 DOI: 10.1159/000341704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a central regulator in chronic liver disease, contributing to all stages of disease progression from initial liver injury through inflammation and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver damage-induced levels of active TGF-β enhance hepatocyte destruction and mediate hepatic stellate cell and fibroblast activation resulting in a wound-healing response, including myofibroblast generation and extracellular matrix deposition. Further evidence points to a decisive role of cytostatic and apoptotic functions mediated on hepatocytes, which is critical for the control of liver mass, with loss of TGF-β activities resulting in hyperproliferative disorders and cancer. This concept is based on studies that describe a bipartite role of TGF-β with tumor suppressor functions at early stages of liver damage and regeneration, whereas during cancer progression TGF-β may turn from a tumor suppressor into a tumor promoter that exacerbates invasive and metastatic behavior. We have delineated this molecular switch of the pathway from cytostatic to tumor promoting in further detail and identify activation of survival signaling pathways in hepatocytes as a most critical requirement. Targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway has been explored to inhibit liver disease progression. While interfering with TGF-β signaling in various short-term animal models has demonstrated promising results, liver disease progression in humans is a process of decades with different phases in which TGF-β or its targeting may have both beneficial and adverse outcomes. We emphasize that, in order to achieve therapeutic effects, targeting TGF-β signaling in the right cell type at the right time is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja M Meindl-Beinker
- Molecular Hepatology - Alcohol-Associated Diseases, Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
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31
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Liver cancer initiation is controlled by AP-1 through SIRT6-dependent inhibition of survivin. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:1203-11. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Jørgensen HBH, Buitenhuis B, Røntved CM, Jiang L, Ingvartsen KL, Sørensen P. Transcriptional profiling of the bovine hepatic response to experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:595-606. [PMID: 22496490 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00084.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian liver works to keep the body in a state of homeostasis and plays an important role in systemic acute phase response to infections. In this study we investigated the bovine hepatic acute phase response at the gene transcription level in dairy cows with experimentally Escherichia coli-induced mastitis. At time = 0, each of 16 periparturient dairy cows received 20-40 colony-forming units of live E. coli in one front quarter of the udder. A time series of liver biopsies was collected at -144, 12, 24, and 192 h relative to time of inoculation. Changes in transcription levels in response to E. coli inoculation were analyzed using the Bovine Genome Array and tested significant for 408 transcripts over the time series [adjusted p ≤ 0.05, abs(fold-change) > 2]. After 2-D clustering, transcripts represented three distinct transcription profiles: 1) regulation of gene transcription and apoptosis, 2) responses to cellular stress invoked by reactive metabolites, and 3) metabolism and turnover of proteins. The results showed that the liver went through a period of perturbations to its normal homeostatic condition during the first 24 h following the E. coli-induced intra-mammary inflammation. In previous studies, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS, was used for intramammary stimulation to mimic E. coli infection. Comparing responses to LPS and E. coli, induced biochemical processes were similar but not identical (94 and 85% similarity between corresponding samples at early and late acute phase, respectively), but their kinetics were not. A notable difference concerned transcription of factors associated with oxidative stress in E. coli-induced liver responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne B H Jørgensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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33
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Swoboda A, Rasin-Streden D, Schanab O, Okamoto I, Pehamberger H, Petzelbauer P, Mikula M. Identification of genetic disparity between primary and metastatic melanoma in human patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:680-8. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Activating protein-1 family of transcription factors in the human placenta complicated by preeclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2010; 31:919-27. [PMID: 20800894 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious disorder of human pregnancy, it is often associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) which is a failure of the fetus to reach its own growth potential. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a family of transcription factors inducible in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli and functions. AP-1 plays a complex role in the regulation of different fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, death and transformation. We investigate the expression pattern of AP-1 transcription factors in normal placentas during gestation and in placentas from PE without and with FGR using semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. The most interesting data concern the alterations of protein expression patterns of c-fos, Jun D and c-jun in normal gestation as well as in PE and PE-FGR pathologies. In addition, alterations but not significant changes are detected in mRNA expressions for these transcription factors. We strongly suggest that c-fos is implicated in regulating invasiveness mechanism of extravillous trophoblast in normal gestation as well as in PE placentas. In addition, we suggest that the opposite modulation of Jun D and c-jun in PE and PE-FGR supports the recent hypothesis that PE and PE-FGR could be considered two pathologies with different origin (maternal and placental) each of which has a different molecular pattern of expression.
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van Zijl F, Zulehner G, Petz M, Schneller D, Kornauth C, Hau M, Machat G, Grubinger M, Huber H, Mikulits W. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol 2010; 5:1169-79. [PMID: 19852728 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition of epithelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype is of paramount relevance for embryonic development and adult wound healing. During the past decade, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been increasingly recognized to occur during the progression of various carcinomas such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we focus on EMT in both experimental liver models and human HCC, emphasizing the underlying molecular mechanisms which show partial recurrence of embryonic programs such as TGF-beta and Wnt/ beta-catenin signaling, including collaboration with hepatitis viruses. We further discuss the differentiation repertoire of malignant hepatocytes with respect to the potential acquisition of stemness, and the involvement of the mesenchymal to epithelial transition, the reversal of EMT, in cancer dissemination and metastatic colonization. The strong evidence for EMT in HCC patients demands novel strategies in pathological assessments and therapeutic concepts to efficiently combat HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska van Zijl
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Cooperation among transcription factors is central for their ability to execute specific transcriptional programmes. The AP1 complex exemplifies a network of transcription factors that function in unison under normal circumstances and during the course of tumour development and progression. This Perspective summarizes our current understanding of the changes in members of the AP1 complex and the role of ATF2 as part of this complex in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires1428, Argentina,
| | - Eric Lau
- Signal Transduction Program, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,
| | - Ze'ev Ronai
- Signal Transduction Program, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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37
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Markopoulou S, Kontargiris E, Batsi C, Tzavaras T, Trougakos I, Boothman DA, Gonos ES, Kolettas E. Vanadium-induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells is mediated by c-fos and involves nuclear accumulation of clusterin. FEBS J 2009; 276:3784-99. [PMID: 19531052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium exerts a variety of biological effects, including antiproliferative responses through activation of the respective signaling pathways and the generation of reactive oxygen species. As epidermal cells are exposed to environmental insults, human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were used to investigate the mechanism of the antiproliferative effects of vanadyl(IV) sulfate (VOSO(4)). Treatment of HaCaT cells with VOSO(4) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of proliferation was associated with downregulation of cyclins D1 and E, E2F1, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(Cip1/Waf1) and p27(Kip1). Induction of apoptosis correlated with upregulation of the c-fos oncoprotein, changes in the expression of clusterin (CLU), an altered ratio of antiapoptotic to proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein family members, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cleavage. Forced overexpression of c-fos induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells that correlated with secretory CLU downregulation and upregulation of nuclear CLU (nCLU), a pro-death protein. Overexpression of Bcl-2 protected HaCaT cells from vanadium-induced apoptosis, whereas secretory CLU overexpression offered no cytoprotection. In contrast, nCLU sensitized HaCaT cells to apoptosis. Our data suggest that vanadium-mediated apoptosis was promoted by c-fos, leading to alterations in CLU isoform processing and induction of the pro-death nCLU protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soultana Markopoulou
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece
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Güller MC, André J, Legrand A, Setterblad N, Mauviel A, Verrecchia F, Daniel F, Bernuau D. c-Fos accelerates hepatocyte conversion to a fibroblastoid phenotype through ERK-mediated upregulation of paxillin-Serine178 phosphorylation. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:532-44. [PMID: 18973190 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) exerts an important role in the late steps of carcinogenesis by cooperating with Ras to induce cell motility and tumor invasion. The transcription complex AP-1 has been implicated in the regulation of genes involved in motility and invasion, by mechanisms not yet delineated. We utilized a model of immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) overexpressing c-Fos (IHH-Fos) or not (IHH-C) to investigate the role of c-Fos on cell motility in response to a prolonged treatment with TGF-beta, EGF or a combination of both. Cotreatment with EGF and TGF-beta, but neither cytokine alone, induced the conversion of hepatocytes to a fibroblastoid phenotype and increased their motility in Boyden chambers. EGF/TGF-beta cotreatment induced a higher effect on ERK phosphorylation compared to TGF-beta treatment alone. It also induced an increase in total and phosphorylated Ser(178) paxillin, a protein previously implicated in cell motility. This response was inhibited by two specific MEK inhibitors, indicating the involvement of the ERK pathway in paxillin activation. Overexpression of c-Fos correlated with increased cell scattering and motility, higher levels of ERK activation and phospho Ser(178) paxillin, increased levels of EGF receptor (EGF-R) mRNA and higher EGF-R phosphorylation levels following EGF/TGF-beta cotreatment. Conversely, siRNA-mediated invalidation of c-Fos delayed the appearance of fibroblastoid cells, decreased EGF-R mRNA and downregulated ERK and Ser(178) paxillin phosphorylations, indicating that c-Fos activates hepatocyte motility through an EGF-R/ERK/paxillin pathway. Since c-Fos is frequently overexpressed in hepatocarcinomas, this newly identified mechanism might be involved in the progression of hepatic tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem C Güller
- INSERM U697, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
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Plowright L, Harrington KJ, Pandha HS, Morgan R. HOX transcription factors are potential therapeutic targets in non-small-cell lung cancer (targeting HOX genes in lung cancer). Br J Cancer 2009; 100:470-5. [PMID: 19156136 PMCID: PMC2658540 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The HOX genes are a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that determine the identity of cells and tissues during embryonic development. They are also known to behave as oncogenes in some haematological malignancies. In this study, we show that the expression of many of the HOX genes is highly elevated in primary non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and in the derived cell lines A549 and H23. Furthermore, blocking the activity of HOX proteins by interfering with their binding to the PBX co-factor causes these cells to undergo apoptosis in vitro and reduces the growth of A549 tumours in vivo. These findings suggest that the interaction between HOX and PBX proteins is a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Plowright
- Postgraduate Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - K J Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H S Pandha
- Postgraduate Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - R Morgan
- Postgraduate Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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Güller M, Toualbi-Abed K, Legrand A, Michel L, Mauviel A, Bernuau D, Daniel F. c-Fos overexpression increases the proliferation of human hepatocytes by stabilizing nuclear Cyclin D1. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:6339-46. [PMID: 19009649 PMCID: PMC2766115 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of stable c-Fos overexpression on immortalized human hepatocyte (IHH) proliferation.
METHODS: IHHs stably transfected with c-Fos (IHH-Fos) or an empty vector (IHH-C) were grown in medium supplemented with 1% serum or stimulated with 10% serum. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counts, 3H-thymidine uptake and flow cytometry analyses. The levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins (Cyclin D1, E, A) cyclin dependent kinases (cdk) cdk2, cdk4, cdk6, and their inhibitors p15, p16, p21, p27, total and phosphorylated GSK-3β and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) were assayed by Western blotting. Analysis of Cyclin D1 mRNA levels was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Stability of Cyclin D1 was studied by cycloheximide blockade experiments.
RESULTS: Stable c-Fos overexpression increased cell proliferation under low serum conditions and resulted in a two-fold increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation following serum addition. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that c-Fos accelerated the cell cycle kinetics. Following serum stimulation, Cyclin D1 was more abundantly expressed in c-Fos overexpressing cells. Cyclin D1 accumulation did not result from increased transcriptional activation, but from nuclear stabilization. Overexpression of c-Fos correlated with higher nuclear levels of inactive phosphorylated GSK-3β, a kinase involved in Cyclin D1 degradation and higher levels of EGF-R mRNA, and EGF-R protein compared to IHH-C both in serum starved, and in serum stimulated cells. Abrogation of EGF-R signalling in IHH-Fos by treatment with AG1478, a specific EGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prevented the phosphorylation of GSK-3β induced by serum stimulation and decreased Cyclin D1 stability in the nucleus.
CONCLUSION: Our results clearly indicate a positive role for c-Fos in cell cycle regulation in hepatocytes. Importantly, we delineate a new mechanism by which c-Fos could contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis through stabilization of Cyclin D1 within the nucleus, evoking a new feature to c-Fos implication in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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C-Fos expression is a molecular predictor of progression and survival in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1269-75. [PMID: 18854825 PMCID: PMC2570515 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Fos protein family dimerise with Jun proteins to form the AP-1 transcription factor complex. They have a central function in proliferation and differentiation of normal tissue as well as in oncogenic transformation and tumour progression. We analysed the expression of c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2 to investigate the function of Fos transcription factors in ovarian cancer. A total of 101 patients were included in the study. Expression of Fos proteins was determined by western blot analysis, quantified by densitometry and verified by immunohistochemistry. Reduced c-Fos expression was independently associated with unfavourable progression-free survival (20.6, 31.6 and 51.2 months for patients with low, moderate and high c-Fos expression; P=0.003) as well as overall survival (23.8, 46.0 and 55.5 months for low, moderate and high c-Fos levels; P=0.003). No correlations were observed for FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2. We conclude that loss of c-Fos expression is associated with tumour progression in ovarian carcinoma and that c-Fos may be a prognostic factor. These results are in contrast to the classic concept of c-Fos as an oncogene, but are supported by the recently discovered tumour-suppressing and proapoptotic function of c-Fos in various cancer types.
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Shears L, Plowright L, Harrington K, Pandha HS, Morgan R. Disrupting the interaction between HOX and PBX causes necrotic and apoptotic cell death in the renal cancer lines CaKi-2 and 769-P. J Urol 2008; 180:2196-201. [PMID: 18804814 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The HOX genes are a family of homeodomain containing transcription factors that determine embryonic tissue identity and also have regulatory and oncogenic roles in adult cells. We quantified the expression of HOX genes in normal kidney tissue, primary tumors and derived cell lines, and examined their role in renal cancer cell survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate HOX gene expression in cells and tissues. HOX gene function was disrupted using a peptide that blocks the interaction between HOX proteins and their PBX cofactor. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin/propidium iodide staining and direct measurement of caspase activity. RESULTS Primary renal tumors and derived cell lines showed abnormal HOX gene expression. Furthermore, blocking HOX activity by targeting the interaction between HOX and its cofactor PBX caused apoptotic and necrotic cell death in the renal cancer cell lines CaKi-2 and 769-P, while sparing normal adult kidney cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the HOX/PBX dimer is a potential therapeutic target in renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl Shears
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford and Head and Neck Unit, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
c-Fos proto-oncoprotein defines a family of closely related transcription factors (Fos proteins) also comprising Fra-1, Fra-2, FosB and ΔFosB, the latter two proteins being generated by alternative splicing. Through the regulation of many genes, most of them still unidentified, they regulate major functions from the cell level up to the whole organism. Thus they are involved in the control of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, as well as in the control of responses to stresses, and they play important roles in organogenesis, immune responses and control of cognitive functions, among others. Fos proteins are intrinsically unstable. We have studied how two of them, c-Fos and Fra-1, are degraded. Departing from the classical scenario where unstable key cell regulators are hydrolysed by the proteasome after polyubiquitination, we showed that the bulk of c-Fos and Fra-1 can be broken down independently of any prior ubiquitination. Certain conserved structural domains suggest that similar mechanisms may also apply to Fra-2 and FosB. Computer search indicates that certain motifs shared by the Fos proteins and putatively responsible for instability are found in no other protein, suggesting the existence of degradation mechanisms specific for this protein family. Under particular signalling conditions, others have shown that a part of cytoplasmic c-Fos requires ubiquitination for fast turnover. This poses the question of the multiplicity of degradation pathways that apply to proteins depending on their intracellular localization.
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Prognostic significance of loss of c-fos protein in gastric carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2007; 13:284-9. [PMID: 18158562 DOI: 10.1007/bf02940306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
c-fos was first identified as a viral oncoprotein, and has been studied in terms of its oncogenic function in tumorigenesis. Many experimental and clinical data indicated that c-fos expression plays a role in the progression of several types of carcinomas. However, some recent studies challenge this view as they indicate that c-fos has tumor suppressor activity. In the present study, we assessed c-fos protein expression in 625 consecutive gastric cancers immunohistochemically, and analyzed its relationship with clinicopathologic factors and survival. We found that a loss of c-fos expression is correlated with a more advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and shorter survival, indicating that c-fos expression in gastric cancer cells is lost during progression and that this loss is associated with a poor prognosis. The above findings suggest that loss of c-fos expression has tumor suppressor activity in gastric cancer and we suspect that this suppressor activity might be related to the pro-apoptotic function of c-fos.
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Morgan R, Pirard PM, Shears L, Sohal J, Pettengell R, Pandha HS. Antagonism of HOX/PBX dimer formation blocks the in vivo proliferation of melanoma. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5806-13. [PMID: 17575148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a cancer that arises from melanocyte cells in a complex but well-studied process, and which can only be successfully treated prior to metastasis as it is highly resistant to conventional therapies. A number of recent reports have indicated that members of the HOX family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors are deregulated in melanoma, and may actually be required to maintain proliferation. In this report, we describe the use of a novel, cell-permeable antagonist of the interaction between HOX proteins and PBX, a second homeodomain-containing transcription factor that modifies HOX activity. This antagonist can block the growth of murine B16 cells and trigger apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo when administered to mice with flank tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
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Basbous J, Jariel-Encontre I, Gomard T, Bossis G, Piechaczyk M. Ubiquitin-independent- versus ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of the c-Fos and Fra-1 transcription factors: is there a unique answer? Biochimie 2007; 90:296-305. [PMID: 17825471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Fos family of transcription factors comprises c-Fos, Fra-1, Fra-2 and FosB, which are all intrinsically unstable proteins. Fos proteins heterodimerize with a variety of other transcription factors to control genes encoding key cell regulators. Their best known partners are the Jun family proteins (c-Jun, JunB, and JunD). At the cellular level, Fos-involving dimers control proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and responses to environmental cues. At the organism level, they play paramount parts in organogenesis, immune responses and cognitive functions, among others. fos family genes are subjected to exquisite, complex and intermingled transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations, which are necessary to avoid pathological effects. In particular, the Fos proteins undergo to numerous post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylations and sumoylation, regulating their transcriptional activity, their subcellular localization and their turnover. The mechanisms whereby c-Fos and Fra-1 are degraded have been studied in detail. Contrasting with the classical scenario, according to which most unstable key cell regulators are hydrolyzed by the proteasome after conjugation of polyubiquitin chains, the bulk of c-Fos and Fra-1 can be hydrolyzed independently of any prior ubiquitylation in different situations. c-Fos and Fra-1 share a common destabilizing domain whose primary sequence is conserved in Fra-2 and FosB, suggesting that similar breakdown mechanisms might be at play in the latter two proteins. However, a database search indicates that this domain is not found in any other protein, suggesting that the mechanisms underlying Fos protein destruction may be specific to this family. Interestingly, under particular conditions, a fraction of cytoplasmic c-Fos is ubiquitylated, leading to faster turnover. This poses the question of the multiplicity of degradation pathways that can target the same substrate depending on its activation state, its protein partnership and/or its intracellular localization. This issue is discussed here together with the, thus far, overlooked roles of the various proteasomal complexes found in all cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Basbous
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR5535, IFR122, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier F-34293, France
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Petz M, Kozina D, Huber H, Siwiec T, Seipelt J, Sommergruber W, Mikulits W. The leader region of Laminin B1 mRNA confers cap-independent translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:2473-82. [PMID: 17395640 PMCID: PMC1885646 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation of eukaryotic mRNAs generally occurs by cap-dependent ribosome scanning. However, certain mRNAs contain internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) allowing cap-independent translation. Several of these IRES-competent transcripts and their corresponding proteins are involved in tumourigenesis. This study focused on IRES-driven translation control during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocytes that reflects crucial aspects of carcinoma progression. Expression profiling of EMT revealed Laminin B1 (LamB1) to be translationally upregulated. The 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of LamB1 was potent to direct IRES-dependent mRNA utilization of a bicistronic reporter construct. Stringent assays for cryptic promoter and splice sites showed no aberrantly expressed transcripts, suggesting that the reporter activity provided by the leader region of LamB1 mRNA exclusively depends on IRES. In accordance, LamB1 expression increased upon negative interference with cap-dependent translation by expression of human rhinovirus 2A protease or heat shock of cells. Finally, the enhanced expression of LamB1 during EMT correlated with an elevated IRES activity. Together, these data provide first evidence that the 5′-UTR of LamB1 contains a bona fide IRES that directs translational upregulation of LamB1 during stress conditions and neoplastic progression of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Petz
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Boehringer Ingelheim Austria, Dr Boehringer Gasse 5-10, A-1120 Vienna and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Kozina
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Boehringer Ingelheim Austria, Dr Boehringer Gasse 5-10, A-1120 Vienna and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidemarie Huber
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Boehringer Ingelheim Austria, Dr Boehringer Gasse 5-10, A-1120 Vienna and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Siwiec
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Boehringer Ingelheim Austria, Dr Boehringer Gasse 5-10, A-1120 Vienna and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Seipelt
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Boehringer Ingelheim Austria, Dr Boehringer Gasse 5-10, A-1120 Vienna and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sommergruber
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Boehringer Ingelheim Austria, Dr Boehringer Gasse 5-10, A-1120 Vienna and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Boehringer Ingelheim Austria, Dr Boehringer Gasse 5-10, A-1120 Vienna and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed +43 1 4277 65250+43 1 4277 65239
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Mejlvang J, Kriajevska M, Berditchevski F, Bronstein I, Lukanidin EM, Pringle JH, Mellon JK, Tulchinsky EM. Characterization of E-cadherin-dependent and -independent events in a new model of c-Fos-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:380-93. [PMID: 17141758 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fos proteins have been implicated in control of tumorigenesis-related genetic programs including invasion, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrate that c-Fos is able to induce mesenchymal transition in murine tumorigenic epithelial cell lines. Expression of c-Fos in MT1TC1 cells led to prominent alterations in cell morphology, increased expression of mesenchymal markers, vimentin and S100A4, DNA methylation-dependent down-regulation of E-cadherin and abrogation of cell-cell adhesion. In addition, c-Fos induced a strong beta-catenin-independent proliferative response in MT1TC1 cells and stimulated cell motility, invasion and adhesion to different extracellular matrix proteins. To explore whether loss of E-cadherin plays a role in c-Fos-mediated mesenchymal transition, we expressed wild-type E-cadherin and two different E-cadherin mutants in MT1TC1/c-fos cells. Expression of wild-type E-cadherin restored epithelioid morphology and enhanced cellular levels of catenins. However, exogenous E-cadherin did not influence expression of c-Fos-dependent genes, only partly suppressed growth of MT1TC1/c-fos cells and produced no effect on c-Fos-stimulated cell motility and invasion in matrigel. On the other hand, re-expression of E-cadherin specifically negated c-Fos-induced adhesion to collagen type I, but not to laminin or fibronectin. Of interest, mutant E-cadherin which lacks the ability to form functional adhesive complexes had an opposite, potentiating effect on cell adhesion to collagen I. These data suggest that cell adhesion to collagen I is regulated by the functional state of E-cadherin. Overall, our data demonstrate that, with the exception of adhesion to collagen I, c-Fos is dominant over E-cadherin in relation to the aspects of mesenchymal transition assayed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Mejlvang
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Bldg., Lancaster Rd, LE1 9HN, Leicester, UK
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MIKULA M, PROELL V, FISCHER A, MIKULITS W. Activated hepatic stellate cells induce tumor progression of neoplastic hepatocytes in a TGF-beta dependent fashion. J Cell Physiol 2006; 209:560-7. [PMID: 16883581 PMCID: PMC2900580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of hepatocellular carcinomas from malignant hepatocytes is frequently associated with intra- and peritumoral accumulation of connective tissue arising from activated hepatic stellate cells. For both tumorigenesis and hepatic fibrogenesis, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling executes key roles and therefore is considered as a hallmark of these pathological events. By employing cellular transplantation we show that the interaction of neoplastic MIM-R hepatocytes with the tumor microenvironment, containing either activated hepatic stellate cells (M1-4HSCs) or myofibroblasts derived thereof (M-HTs), induces progression in malignancy. Cotransplantation of MIM-R hepatocytes with M-HTs yielded strongest MIM-R generated tumor formation accompanied by nuclear localization of Smad2/3 as well as of beta-catenin. Genetic interference with TGF-beta signaling by gain of antagonistic Smad7 in MIM-R hepatocytes diminished epithelial dedifferentiation and tumor progression upon interaction with M1-4HSCs or M-HTs. Further analysis showed that tumors harboring disrupted Smad signaling are devoid of nuclear beta-catenin accumulation, indicating a crosstalk between TGF-beta and beta-catenin signaling. Together, these data demonstrate that activated HSCs and myofibroblasts directly govern hepatocarcinogenesis in a TGF-beta dependent fashion by inducing autocrine TGF-beta signaling and nuclear beta-catenin accumulation in neoplastic hepatocytes. These results indicate that intervention with TGF-beta signaling is highly promising in liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. MIKULITS
- Correspondence to: W. Mikulits, Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschke-Gasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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50
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Mikula M, Proell V, Fischer ANM, Mikulits W. Activated hepatic stellate cells induce tumor progression of neoplastic hepatocytes in a TGF-beta dependent fashion. J Cell Physiol 2006. [PMID: 16883581 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20772.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of hepatocellular carcinomas from malignant hepatocytes is frequently associated with intra- and peritumoral accumulation of connective tissue arising from activated hepatic stellate cells. For both tumorigenesis and hepatic fibrogenesis, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling executes key roles and therefore is considered as a hallmark of these pathological events. By employing cellular transplantation we show that the interaction of neoplastic MIM-R hepatocytes with the tumor microenvironment, containing either activated hepatic stellate cells (M1-4HSCs) or myofibroblasts derived thereof (M-HTs), induces progression in malignancy. Cotransplantation of MIM-R hepatocytes with M-HTs yielded strongest MIM-R generated tumor formation accompanied by nuclear localization of Smad2/3 as well as of beta-catenin. Genetic interference with TGF-beta signaling by gain of antagonistic Smad7 in MIM-R hepatocytes diminished epithelial dedifferentiation and tumor progression upon interaction with M1-4HSCs or M-HTs. Further analysis showed that tumors harboring disrupted Smad signaling are devoid of nuclear beta-catenin accumulation, indicating a crosstalk between TGF-beta and beta-catenin signaling. Together, these data demonstrate that activated HSCs and myofibroblasts directly govern hepatocarcinogenesis in a TGF-beta dependent fashion by inducing autocrine TGF-beta signaling and nuclear beta-catenin accumulation in neoplastic hepatocytes. These results indicate that intervention with TGF-beta signaling is highly promising in liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mikula
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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