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Kang X, Chen H, Zhou Z, Tu S, Cui B, Li Y, Dong S, Zhang Q, Xu Y. Targeting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300403. [PMID: 38103005 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the integral process of chronic liver diseases caused by multiple etiologies and characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). During liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) transform into a highly proliferative, activated state, producing various cytokines, chemokines, and ECM. However, the precise mechanisms that license HSCs into the highly proliferative state remain unclear. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a requisite event for the transition of the G1/S and G2/M phases in eukaryotic cells. In this study, it is demonstrated that CDK1 and its activating partners, Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1, are upregulated in both liver fibrosis/cirrhosis patient specimens and the murine hepatic fibrosis models, especially in activated HSCs. In vitro, CDK1 is upregulated in spontaneously activated HSCs, and inhibiting CDK1 with specific small-molecule inhibitors (CGP74514A, RO-3306, or Purvalanol A) orshort hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) resulted in HSC apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by regulating Survivin expression. Above all, it is illustrated that increased CDK1 expression licenses the HSCs into a highly proliferative state and can serve as a potential therapeutic target in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Kang
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huaxin Chen
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhuowei Zhou
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Silin Tu
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Biotherapy Centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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2
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Heterogenous chemosensitivity of a panel of organoid lines derived from small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Hum Cell 2021; 34:889-900. [PMID: 33677798 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the uterine cervix is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. The lack of established disease models has hampered therapy development. We generated a panel of cancer tissue-originated spheroid (CTOS) lines derived from SCNEC of the uterine cervix using a method based upon cell-cell contact throughout the preparation and culturing processes. Using 11 CTOS lines, we assessed the sensitivity of various drugs used in clinical practice. Drug sensitivity assays revealed significant heterogeneous inter-CTOS chemosensitivity. Microarray analyses were then performed to identify sensitivity-related gene signatures. Specific gene sets were identified which likely contribute to the sensitivity to the tested drugs. We identified a line (Cerv54) that was exceptionally sensitive to irinotecan. Cerv54 had increased levels of CES1, which catalyzes the conversion of irinotecan to the active form, SN38, although in Cerv54 cells, SN38 was undetectable, CES1 expression and activity were markedly low compared to the liver, and a CES1 inhibitor had no effect on irinotecan sensitivity. These results suggested a novel irinotecan mode of action in Cerv54. Our CTOS lines may be useful for understanding the variation and mechanism of drug sensitivity, contributing to the understanding and development of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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King LE, Zhang HH, Gould CM, Thomas DW, Whitehead LW, Simpson KJ, Burgess AW, Faux MC. Genes regulating membrane-associated E-cadherin and proliferation in adenomatous polyposis coli mutant colon cancer cells: High content siRNA screen. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240746. [PMID: 33057364 PMCID: PMC7561197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Truncating mutations in the tumour suppressor gene APC occur frequently in colorectal cancers and result in the deregulation of Wnt signalling as well as changes in cell-cell adhesion. Using quantitative imaging based on the detection of membrane-associated E-cadherin, we undertook a protein coding genome-wide siRNA screen to identify genes that regulate cell surface E-cadherin in the APC-defective colorectal cancer cell line SW480. We identified a diverse set of regulators of E-cadherin that offer new insights into the regulation of cell-cell adhesion, junction formation and genes that regulate proliferation or survival of SW480 cells. Among the genes whose depletion promotes membrane-associated E-cadherin, we identified ZEB1, the microRNA200 family, and proteins such as a ubiquitin ligase UBE2E3, CDK8, sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) and the matrix metalloproteinases, MMP14 and MMP19. The screen also identified 167 proteins required for maintaining E-cadherin at cell-cell adherens junctions, including known junctional proteins, CTNND1 and CTNNA1, as well as signalling enzymes, DUSP4 and MARK2, and transcription factors, TEAD3, RUNX2 and TRAM2. A better understanding of the post-translational regulation of E-cadherin provides new opportunities for restoring cell-cell adhesion in APC-defective cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. King
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui-Hua Zhang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathryn M. Gould
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel W. Thomas
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan W. Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaylene J. Simpson
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony W. Burgess
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, RMH, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail: (MCF); (AWB)
| | - Maree C. Faux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail: (MCF); (AWB)
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4
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Wang L, Xu M, Lu P, Zhou F. microRNA-769 is downregulated in colorectal cancer and inhibits cancer progression by directly targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:9013-9025. [PMID: 30588014 PMCID: PMC6296200 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). The deregulation of miRNAs is implicated in the formation and progression of CRC, and participates in the regulation of a wide range of biological behaviors. Considering the crucial role of miRNAs in CRC, miRNAs are thought to have significant promise in the diagnosis and therapy of patients with this malignancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect miR-769 expression in CRC tissues and cell lines. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine the effects of miR-769 upregulation in CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The influence of miR-769 overexpression in CRC cell migration and invasion was evaluated through migration and invasion assays. Notably, the possible mechanisms underlying the action of miR-769 in CRC cells were explored. RESULTS In the present study, miR-769 was frequently found to be poorly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Functional assays showed that recovery of miR-769 expression suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, increased cell apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was the direct target of miR-769 in CRC cells. CDK1 was overexpressed in CRC tissue samples and negatively correlated with miR-769 expression. In addition, CDK1 inhibition imitated the tumor suppressor activity of miR-769 in CRC cells, and restoration of CDK1 expression partially abolished the tumor-suppressing roles of miR-769 in malignant CRC cells. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that miR-769 was downregulated in CRC and directly targeted CDK1 to be implicated in the regulation of CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Thus, the miR-769/CDK1 axis might be an effective therapeutic target for treating patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, People's Republic of China,
| | - Minyi Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, People's Republic of China,
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, People's Republic of China,
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Glassman DC, Palmaira RL, Covington CM, Desai AM, Ku GY, Li J, Harding JJ, Varghese AM, O'Reilly EM, Yu KH. Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, a single institution experience. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:693. [PMID: 29945562 PMCID: PMC6020418 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective treatment options for advanced pancreatic cancer are finite. NAPOLI-1, a phase III randomized trial, demonstrated the efficacy of nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil/leucovorin (nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV) for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer following progression on gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. There are limited additional data on the safety and efficacy of nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV following FDA approval in October 2015. We examined the post-approval safety and effectiveness of nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV in advanced pancreatic cancer patients receiving treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients beginning treatment with nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV from October 2015 through June 2017. Using the electronic medical record and institutional database, information was extracted pertaining to demographics, performance status (ECOG), prior therapies, dose, duration of treatment, adverse events, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment response. Results Fifty six patients were identified. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 2.9 months and median overall survival (OS) was 5.3 months. Patients with prior disease progression on irinotecan experienced PFS and OS of 2.2 and 3.9 mo, respectively. Patients without prior irinotecan exposure experienced significantly longer PFS (4.8 mo, p = 0.02) and OS (7.7 mo, p = 0.002), as did patients who received prior irinotecan without disease progression (PFS, 5.7 mo, p = 0.04; OS, 9.0 mo, p = .04). Progression on prior irinotecan was associated with greater lines of prior advanced disease chemotherapy (2 vs 1). Dose reductions (DR) were most frequently due to fatigue (42%) and diarrhea (37%), but were not associated with worse outcomes. In fact, patients with ≥1 DR experienced longer PFS (5.4 v 2.6 mo, p = 0.035). Sequential therapy with nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine (nab-P + Gem) followed by nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV (n = 25) resulted in OS of 23.0 mo. Mutations in TP53 were associated with shorter PFS. Conclusions These data support the safety and efficacy of nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV, reinforcing results of NAPOLI-1. Patients without disease progression on prior irinotecan fared significantly better than patients with progression, when treated with nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV. Sequential therapy with nab-P + Gem followed by nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV demonstrates encouraging median OS. These findings provide guidance for patients most likely to benefit from nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4605-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Glassman
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randze L Palmaira
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina M Covington
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avni M Desai
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Ku
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Li
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - James J Harding
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna M Varghese
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth H Yu
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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6
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Grothey A, Yoshino T, Bodoky G, Ciuleanu T, Garcia-Carbonero R, García-Alfonso P, Van Cutsem E, Muro K, Mytelka DS, Li L, Lipkovich O, Hsu Y, Sashegyi A, Ferry D, Nasroulah F, Tabernero J. Association of baseline absolute neutrophil counts and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with second-line antiangiogenic therapies: exploratory analyses of the RAISE trial and validation in an electronic medical record data set. ESMO Open 2018; 3:e000347. [PMID: 29713498 PMCID: PMC5922565 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the RAISE trial, ramucirumab+leucovorin/fluorouracil/irinotecan (FOLFIRI) improved the median overall survival (mOS) of patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer versus patients treated with placebo+FOLFIRI but had a higher incidence of neutropaenia, leading to more chemotherapy dose modifications and discontinuations. Thus, we conducted an exploratory post-hoc analysis of RAISE and a retrospective, observational analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) data to determine and verify the association of neutropaenia, baseline absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and survival. METHODS The RAISE analysis used the study safety population (n=1057). IMS Health Oncology Database (IMS EMR) was the source for the real-world data set (n=617). RESULTS RAISE patients with treatment-emergent neutropaenia had improved mOS compared with those without (ramucirumab arm: 16.1 vs 10.7 months, HR=0.57, p<0.0001; placebo arm: 12.7 vs 10.7 months, HR=0.76, p=0.0065). RAISE patients with low ANC versus high baseline ANC also had longer mOS (ramucirumab arm: 15.2 vs 8.9 months, HR=0.49, p<0.0001; placebo arm: 13.2 vs 7.3 months, HR=0.50, p<0.0001). The results were similar for IMS EMR low versus high baseline ANC (bevacizumab+FOLFIRI patients: 14.9 vs 7.7 months, HR=0.59, p<0.0001; FOLFIRI alone: 14.6 vs 5.4 months, HR=0.37, p<0.0001). Patients in the RAISE trial with low baseline ANC were more likely to develop neutropaenia (OR: ramucirumab arm=2.62, p<0.0001; placebo arm=2.16, p=0.0003). CONCLUSION Neutropaenia during treatment, and subsequent dose modifications or discontinuations, do not compromise treatment efficacy. Baseline ANC is a strong prognostic factor for survival and is associated with treatment-emergent neutropaenia in the analysed population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01183780, Results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tudor Ciuleanu
- The Oncology Institute Prof Dr Ion Chiricută and Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Kei Muro
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Li Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Yanzhi Hsu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - David Ferry
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Key genes and regulatory networks involved in the initiation, progression and invasion of colorectal cancer. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO278. [PMID: 29568567 PMCID: PMC5859335 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Until now, identification of drug targets for treatment of patients with specific stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) has remained a challenging field of research. Herein, we aimed to identify the key genes and regulatory networks involved in each stage of CRC. Results The results of gene expression profiles were integrated with protein-protein interaction networks, and topologically analyzed. The most important regulatory genes (e.g., CDK1, UBC, ESR1 and ATXN1) and signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, MAPK and JAK-STAT) in CRC initiation, progression and metastasis were identified. In vitro analysis confirmed some in silico findings. Conclusion Our study introduces functional hub genes, subnetworks, prioritizes signaling pathways and novel biomarkers in CRC that may guide further development of targeted therapy programs.
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8
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Horng CT, Wu YJ, Chen PN, Chu SC, Tsai CM, Hsieh YS. Koelreuteria Formosana Extract Induces Growth Inhibition and Cell Death in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells via G2/M Arrest and LC3-II Activation-Dependent Autophagy. Nutr Cancer 2016; 69:44-55. [PMID: 27880045 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1247889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-destructive process that degrades cytoplasmic constituents. In our previous study, Koelreuteria formosana ethanolic extract (KFEE), which is obtained from natural plants endemic to Taiwan, has inhibited cell metastasis in renal carcinoma cells. However, the anticancer effects of KFEE on colon cancer remain unclear. In this study, KFEE exerted a strong cytotoxic effect on DLD-1 and COLO 205 human colorectal cancer cell lines. KFEE effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation, induced G2/M-phase arrest associated with downregulaton of cyclin E, cyclin B and cdc25C and upregulation of p21, and induced cell death by activating autophagy but did not cause apoptotic cell death. Exposed KFEE cells showed increased levels of acridine orange, autophagic vacuoles, and LC3-II proteins, which are specific autophagic markers. Bcl-2, p-Akt, and p-mTOR levels, which have been implicated in autophagic downregulation, were decreased after KFEE treatment. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenosine and bafilomycin-A1 and genetic silencing of LC3 attenuated KFEE-induced growth inhibition. These findings suggested that KFEE causes cytostatic effect through autophagy. In xenograft studies, oral administration of KFEE had significantly inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice that had received subcutaneous injection of DLD-1 cells. KFEE is a promising candidate in phytochemical-based, mechanistic, and pathway-targeted cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Horng
- a Medical Education Center , Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,b Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Jung Wu
- c Department of Colorectal surgery , Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- b Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- d Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Miao Tsai
- b Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- b Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,e Clinical Laboratory , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
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Singla P, Luxami V, Singh R, Tandon V, Paul K. Novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine with 4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-phenylamine as broad spectrum anticancer agents: Synthesis, cell based assay, topoisomerase inhibition, DNA intercalation and bovine serum albumin studies. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:24-35. [PMID: 27744184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine possessing 4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-phenylamine moiety at C4 position and primary as well as secondary amines at C6 position has been designed and synthesized. Their antitumor activities were evaluated against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines at National Cancer Institute (NCI). Six compounds displayed potent and broad spectrum anticancer activities at 10 μM. Compounds 8, 12, 14 and 17 proved to be the most active and efficacious candidate in this series, with mean GI50 values of 1.30 μM, 1.43 μM, 2.38 μM and 2.18 μM, respectively against several cancer cell lines. Further biological evaluation of these compounds suggested that these compounds induce apoptosis and inhibit human topoisomerase (Topo) IIα as a possible intracellular target. UV-visible and fluorescence studies of these compounds revealed strong interaction with ct-DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinka Singla
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala, 147004, India.
| | - Raja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala, 147004, India.
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Cicenas J, Kalyan K, Sorokinas A, Stankunas E, Levy J, Meskinyte I, Stankevicius V, Kaupinis A, Valius M. Roscovitine in cancer and other diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207228 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Roscovitine [CY-202, (R)-Roscovitine, Seliciclib] is a small molecule that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) through direct competition at the ATP-binding site. It is a broad-range purine inhibitor, which inhibits CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 and CDK7, but is a poor inhibitor for CDK4 and CDK6. Roscovitine is widely used as a biological tool in cell cycle, cancer, apoptosis and neurobiology studies. Moreover, it is currently evaluated as a potential drug to treat cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, viral infections, polycystic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis. This review focuses on the use of roscovitine in the disease model as well as clinical model research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cicenas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karthik Kalyan
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Sorokinas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Stankunas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Josh Levy
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Meskinyte
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Stankevicius
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Khalil HS, Mitev V, Vlaykova T, Cavicchi L, Zhelev N. Discovery and development of Seliciclib. How systems biology approaches can lead to better drug performance. J Biotechnol 2015; 202:40-9. [PMID: 25747275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seliciclib (R-Roscovitine) was identified as an inhibitor of CDKs and has undergone drug development and clinical testing as an anticancer agent. In this review, the authors describe the discovery of Seliciclib and give a brief summary of the biology of the CDKs Seliciclib inhibits. An overview of the published in vitro and in vivo work supporting the development as an anti-cancer agent, from in vitro experiments to animal model studies ending with a summary of the clinical trial results and trials underway is presented. In addition some potential non-oncology applications are explored and the potential mode of action of Seliciclib in these areas is described. Finally the authors argue that optimisation of the therapeutic effects of kinase inhibitors such as Seliciclib could be enhanced using a systems biology approach involving mathematical modelling of the molecular pathways regulating cell growth and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal S Khalil
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Laura Cavicchi
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK.
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Zalzali H, Nasr B, Harajly M, Basma H, Ghamloush F, Ghayad S, Ghanem N, Evan GI, Saab R. CDK2 transcriptional repression is an essential effector in p53-dependent cellular senescence-implications for therapeutic intervention. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:29-40. [PMID: 25149358 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cellular senescence, a form of cell-cycle arrest, is a tumor-suppressor mechanism triggered by multiple tumor-promoting insults, including oncogenic stress and DNA damage. The role of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) regulation has been evaluated in models of replicative senescence, but little is known regarding its role in other senescence settings. Using in vitro and in vivo models of DNA damage-and oncogene-induced cellular senescence, it was determined that activation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 (TP53) resulted in repression of the CDK2 transcript that was dependent on intact RB. Ectopic CDK2 expression was sufficient to bypass p53-dependent senescence, and CDK2-specific inhibition, either pharmacologically (CVT313) or by use of a dominant-negative CDK2, was sufficient to induce early senescence. Pharmacologic inhibition of CDK2 in an in vivo model of pineal tumor decreased proliferation and promoted early senescence, and it also decreased tumor penetrance and prolonged time to tumor formation in animals lacking p53. In conclusion, for both oncogene- and DNA damage-induced cellular senescence, CDK2 transcript and protein are decreased in a p53- and RB-dependent manner, and this repression is necessary for cell-cycle exit during senescence. IMPLICATIONS These data show that CDK2 inhibition may be useful for cancer prevention in premalignant hyperproliferative lesions, as well as established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Zalzali
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Bilal Nasr
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Harajly
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Basma
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Ghamloush
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Ghayad
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Noël Ghanem
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gerard I Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Raya Saab
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kyle AH, Baker JH, Gandolfo MJ, Reinsberg SA, Minchinton AI. Tissue Penetration and Activity of Camptothecins in Solid Tumor Xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2727-37. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Panczyk M. Pharmacogenetics research on chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer over the last 20 years. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9775-827. [PMID: 25110414 PMCID: PMC4123365 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades the first sequencing of the human genome was performed showing its high degree of inter-individual differentiation, as a result of large international research projects (Human Genome Project, the 1000 Genomes Project International HapMap Project, and Programs for Genomic Applications NHLBI-PGA). This period was also a time of intensive development of molecular biology techniques and enormous knowledge growth in the biology of cancer. For clinical use in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), in addition to fluoropyrimidines, another two new cytostatic drugs were allowed: irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Intensive research into new treatment regimens and a new generation of drugs used in targeted therapy has also been conducted. The last 20 years was a time of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies on the molecular basis of drug resistance. One of the most important factors limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy is the primary and secondary resistance of cancer cells. Understanding the genetic factors and mechanisms that contribute to the lack of or low sensitivity of tumour tissue to cytostatics is a key element in the currently developing trend of personalized medicine. Scientists hope to increase the percentage of positive treatment response in CRC patients due to practical applications of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics. Over the past 20 years the clinical usability of different predictive markers has been tested among which only a few have been confirmed to have high application potential. This review is a synthetic presentation of drug resistance in the context of CRC patient chemotherapy. The multifactorial nature and volume of the issues involved do not allow the author to present a comprehensive study on this subject in one review.
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Synergism of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with camptothecin derivatives in small cell lung cancer cell lines. Molecules 2014; 19:2077-88. [PMID: 24549232 PMCID: PMC6271949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a dismal prognosis. Modulation of the camptothecin topotecan, approved for second-line therapy, may improve response. Our recent finding of synergistic enhancement of the cytotoxic activity of camptothecin (CPT) by cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitors is extended here to a panel of camptothecin analogs comprising 10-hydroxy-CPT (HOCPT), topotecan (TPT; 9-[(dimethylamino)-methyl]-10-hydroxy-CPT), 9-amino-CPT (9AC), 9-nitrocamptothecin (rubitecan), SN38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) and 10-hydroxy-9-nitrocamptothecin (CPT109) in combination with PD0332991, CDK4I, roscovitine and olomoucine. SCLC cell lines employed are chemoresistant NCI-H417 and DMS153 and the chemosensitive SCLC26A line established at our institution. The CPT analogs exhibiting highest cytotoxicity towards the three SCLC lines tested were SN38 and 9AC, followed by rubitecan, HOCPT, TPT and CPT109. NCI-H417 and DMS153 revealed an approximately 25-fold and 7-fold higher resistance compared to the chemosensitive SCLC26A cell line. Whereas the CDK4/6 inhibitor PD0332991 proved less effective to chemosensitize SCLC cells to CPT analogs, the CDK inhibitors CDK4I, roscovitine and olomoucine gave comparable chemosensitization effects in combination with 9AC, SN38, rubitecan and to a lesser extent with TPT and CPT109, not directly related with topoisomerase mRNA expression. In conclusion, small chemical modifications of the parent CPT structure result in differing cytotoxicities and chemomodulatory effects in combination with CDKIs of the resulting analogs.
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Hamilton G, Lukas Klameth UO, Ulsperger E, Geissler K. Synergistic Anticancer Activity of Topotecan— Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Combinations against Drug-Resistant Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Cell Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.48a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Tomicic MT, Kaina B. Topoisomerase degradation, DSB repair, p53 and IAPs in cancer cell resistance to camptothecin-like topoisomerase I inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:11-27. [PMID: 23006513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors applied in cancer therapy such as topotecan and irinotecan are derivatives of the natural alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). The mechanism of CPT poisoning of TOP1 rests on inhibition of the re-ligation function of the enzyme resulting in the stabilization of the TOP1-cleavable complex. In the presence of CPTs this enzyme-DNA complex impairs transcription and DNA replication, resulting in fork stalling and the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in proliferating cells. As with most chemotherapeutics, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance represents a hurdle that limits the success of CPT therapy. Preclinical data indicate that resistance to CPT-based drugs might be caused by factors such as (a) poor drug accumulation in the tumor, (b) high rate of drug efflux, (c) mutations in TOP1 leading to failure in CPT docking, or (d) altered signaling triggered by the drug-TOP1-DNA complex, (e) expression of DNA repair proteins, and (f) failure to activate cell death pathways. This review will focus on the issues (d-f). We discuss degradation of TOP1 as part of the repair pathway in the processing of TOP1 associated DNA damage, give a summary of proteins involved in repair of CPT-induced replication mediated DSB, and highlight the role of p53 and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), particularly XIAP and survivin, in cancer cell resistance to CPT-like chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja T Tomicic
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
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18
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Fenouille N, Grosso S, Yunchao S, Mary D, Pontier-Bres R, Imbert V, Czerucka D, Caroli-Bosc FX, Peyron JF, Lagadec P. Calpain 2-dependent IκBα degradation mediates CPT-11 secondary resistance in colorectal cancer xenografts. J Pathol 2012; 227:118-29. [PMID: 22069124 DOI: 10.1002/path.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CPT-11 (irinotecan), the first-line chemotherapy for advanced stage colorectal cancer, remains inactive in about half of patients (primary chemoresistance) and almost all initial responders develop secondary resistance after several courses of treatment (8 months on average). Nude mice bearing HT-29 colon cancer xenografts were treated with CPT-11 and/or an NF-κB inhibitor for two courses. We confirm that NF-κB inhibition potentiated CPT-11 anti-tumoural effect after the first course of treatment. However, tumours grew again at the end of the second course of treatment, generating resistant tumours. We observed an increase in the basal NF-κB activation in resistant tumours and in two resistant sublines, either obtained from resistant HT-29 tumours (HT-29R cells) or generated in vitro (RSN cells). The decrease of NF-κB activation in HT-29R and RSN cells by stable transfections with the super-repressor form of IκBα augmented their sensitivity to CPT-11. Comparing gene expression profiles of HT-29 and HT-29R cells, we identified the S100A10/Annexin A2 complex and calpain 2 as over-expressed potential NF-κB inducers. SiRNA silencing of calpain 2 but not of S100A10 and/or annexin A2, resulted in a decrease in NF-κB activation, an increase in cellular levels of IκBα and a partial restoration of the CPT-11 sensitivity in both HT-29R and RSN cells, suggesting that calpain 2-dependent IκBα degradation mediates CPT-11 secondary resistance. Thus, targeted therapies directed against calpain 2 may represent a novel strategy to enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of CPT-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Fenouille
- INSERM, U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe Inflammation, Cancer, Cellules Souches Cancéreuses, Nice, France
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19
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Pizarro JG, Folch J, Junyent F, Verdaguer E, Auladell C, Beas-Zarate C, Pallàs M, Camins A. Antiapoptotic effects of roscovitine on camptothecin-induced DNA damage in neuroblastoma cells. Apoptosis 2011; 16:536-50. [PMID: 21424556 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study dopaminergic neuroblastoma B65 cells were exposed to Camptothecin (CPT) (0.5-10 μM), either alone or in the presence of roscovitine (ROSC). The results show that CPT induces apoptosis through the activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-induced cell-cycle alteration in neuroblastoma B65 cells. The apoptotic process is mediated through the activation of cystein proteases, namely calpain/caspases. However, whereas a pan-caspase inhibitor, zVADfmk, inhibited CPT-mediated apoptosis, a calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, did not prevent cell death. Interestingly, CPT also induces CDK5 activation and ROSC (25 μM) blocked CDK5, ATM activation and apoptosis (as measured by caspase-3 activation). By contrast, selective inhibition of ATM, by KU55933, and non-selective inhibition, by caffeine, did not prevent CPT-mediated apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that CDK5 is activated in response to DNA damage and that CDK5 inhibition prevents ATM and p53ser15 activation. However, pharmacological inhibition of ATM using KU55933 and caffeine suggests that ATM inhibition by ROSC is not the only mechanism that might explain the anti-apoptotic effects of this drug in this apoptosis model. Our findings have a potential clinical implication, suggesting that combinatory drugs in the treatment of cancer activation should be administered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier G Pizarro
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Spain
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20
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Ray RM, Bhattacharya S, Johnson LR. Mdm2 inhibition induces apoptosis in p53 deficient human colon cancer cells by activating p73- and E2F1-mediated expression of PUMA and Siva-1. Apoptosis 2011; 16:35-44. [PMID: 20812030 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) and Nutlin-3 caused apoptosis by increasing p53 protein and its activation in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). We studied the effectiveness of these inducers on apoptosis in human colon cancer cells (Caco2) lacking p53 expression. CPT failed to activate caspase-3 and cause apoptosis in these cells. The absence of p53 expression, higher basal Bcl-xL and lower Bax proteins prevented CPT-induced apoptosis. However, the Mdm2 antagonist Nutlin-3 induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner by activating caspases-9 and -3. Nutlin-3 prevented the activation of AKT via PTEN-mediated inhibition of the PI3K pathway. Nutlin-3 increased the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein causing E2F1 release leading to induction of Siva-1. Nutlin-3-mediated degradation of Mdm2 caused the accumulation of p73, which induced the expression of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). E2F1 and p73 knockdown decreased the expression of Siva and PUMA, respectively and abolished Nutlin-3-induced caspase-3 activation. Cycloheximide (CHX) inhibited Nutlin-3-induced Siva, Noxa, and PUMA expression and inhibited apoptosis in IEC-6 and Caco2 cells. These results indicate that translation of mRNAs induced by Nutlin-3 is critical for apoptosis. In summary, apoptosis in Caco2 cells lacking functional p53 occurred following the disruption of Mdm2 binding with p73 and Rb leading to the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, PUMA, Noxa, and Siva-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh M Ray
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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21
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Yoo JM, Kim YJ, Lee SJ, Kim SH. Sequential administration of camptothecin sensitizes human colon cancer HCT116 cells to paclitaxel via p21Cip1/WAF1. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2011.555187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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22
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Discovery of drug mode of action and drug repositioning from transcriptional responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 6:1204-5. [PMID: 20679242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000138107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A bottleneck in drug discovery is the identification of the molecular targets of a compound (mode of action, MoA) and of its off-target effects. Previous approaches to elucidate drug MoA include analysis of chemical structures, transcriptional responses following treatment, and text mining. Methods based on transcriptional responses require the least amount of information and can be quickly applied to new compounds. Available methods are inefficient and are not able to support network pharmacology. We developed an automatic and robust approach that exploits similarity in gene expression profiles following drug treatment, across multiple cell lines and dosages, to predict similarities in drug effect and MoA. We constructed a "drug network" of 1,302 nodes (drugs) and 41,047 edges (indicating similarities between pair of drugs). We applied network theory, partitioning drugs into groups of densely interconnected nodes (i.e., communities). These communities are significantly enriched for compounds with similar MoA, or acting on the same pathway, and can be used to identify the compound-targeted biological pathways. New compounds can be integrated into the network to predict their therapeutic and off-target effects. Using this network, we correctly predicted the MoA for nine anticancer compounds, and we were able to discover an unreported effect for a well-known drug. We verified an unexpected similarity between cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitors and Topoisomerase inhibitors. We discovered that Fasudil (a Rho-kinase inhibitor) might be "repositioned" as an enhancer of cellular autophagy, potentially applicable to several neurodegenerative disorders. Our approach was implemented in a tool (Mode of Action by NeTwoRk Analysis, MANTRA, http://mantra.tigem.it).
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Weekes J, Lam AKY, Sebesan S, Ho YH. Irinotecan therapy and molecular targets in colorectal cancer: a systemic review. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3597-602. [PMID: 19653336 PMCID: PMC2721232 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan is the second line chemotherapy for advanced stage colorectal cancer (CRC) after failure of first line chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil. The aim of this review is to analyse the data on irinotecan as second line chemotherapy for advanced CRC and the potential roles of the molecular markers, p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the management of advanced CRC. Thus, the English literature from 1980 to 2008 concerning irinotecan, p53, VEGF and CRC was reviewed. On review, Phase II and III clinical trials showed that irinotecan improves pain-free survival, quality of life, 1-year survival, progression-free survival and overall survival in advanced CRC. p53 and VEGF were expressed in CRC and had a predictive power of aggressive clinical behaviour in CRC. Irinotecan sensitizes p53 wild type, mutant and null cells to Fas-mediated cell apoptosis in CRC cells. Wild type p53 cells were more sensitive to irinotecan than mutated p53. Irinotecan has an anti-VEGF effect inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis and reducing microvascular density which is only limited by irinotecan toxicity levels. To conclude, irinotecan improves the patient's quality of life and the survival rates of patients with advanced CRC. p53 and VEGF status of the patients' tumour is likely to affect the responsiveness of CRC to irinotecan. It is recommended that studies of the expression of these molecular markers in relation to chemo-responsiveness of irinotecan should be carried out for better management of patients with advanced CRC.
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Lambert LA, Qiao N, Hunt KK, Lambert DH, Mills GB, Meijer L, Keyomarsi K. Autophagy: a novel mechanism of synergistic cytotoxicity between doxorubicin and roscovitine in a sarcoma model. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7966-74. [PMID: 18829554 PMCID: PMC2561224 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a genotoxic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Significant clinical side effects, including cardiac toxicity and myelosuppression, severely limit the therapeutic index of this commonly used agent and methods which improve doxorubicin efficacy could benefit many patients. Because doxorubicin cytotoxicity is cell cycle specific, the cell cycle is a rational target to enhance its efficacy. We examined the direct, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine as a means of enhancing doxorubicin cytotoxicity. This study showed synergistic cytotoxicity between doxorubicin and roscovitine in three sarcoma cell lines: SW-982 (synovial sarcoma), U2OS-LC3-GFP (osteosarcoma), and SK-LMS-1 (uterine leiomyosarcoma), but not the fibroblast cell line WI38. The combined treatment of doxorubicin and roscovitine was associated with a prolonged G(2)-M cell cycle arrest in the three sarcoma cell lines. Using three different methods for detecting apoptosis, our results revealed that apoptotic cell death did not account for the synergistic cytotoxicity between doxorubicin and roscovitine. However, morphologic changes observed by light microscopy and increased cytoplasmic LC3-GFP puncta in U20S-LC3-GFP cells after the combined treatment suggested the induction of autophagy. Induction of autophagy was also shown in SW-982 and SK-LMS-1 cells treated with both doxorubicin and roscovitine by acridine orange staining. These results suggest a novel role of autophagy in the enhanced cytotoxicity by cell cycle inhibition after genotoxic injury in tumor cells. Further investigation of this enhanced cytotoxicity as a treatment strategy for sarcomas is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Lambert
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas – M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Na Qiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas – M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Kelly K. Hunt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas – M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Donald H. Lambert
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas – M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas – M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Protein Phosphorylation and Disease, CNRS, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas – M.D. Anderson Cancer Center,Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas – M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
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Jackson RC, Barnett AL, McClue SJ, Green SR. Seliciclib, a cell-cycle modulator that acts through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 3:131-43. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Monge M, Colas E, Doll A, Gonzalez M, Gil-Moreno A, Planaguma J, Quiles M, Arbos MA, Garcia A, Castellvi J, Llaurado M, Rigau M, Alazzouzi H, Xercavins J, Alameda F, Reventos J, Abal M. ERM/ETV5 up-regulation plays a role during myometrial infiltration through matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation in endometrial cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:6753-9. [PMID: 17638886 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have described recently the Ets family transcription factor, ERM/ETV5, specifically up-regulated in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) and associated with myometrial infiltration. Ets family members have been correlated to tumor progression by up-regulating the expression of matrix-degrading proteases. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that in EEC, ERM/ETV5 may act by inducing the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Unraveling the molecular events associated with the initiation of tumor invasion would represent an obvious improvement for EEC patients. The overexpression of ERM/ETV5 induced scattering in the endometrial cancer cell line Hec-1A, correlating to increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gelatinase activity. Both chromatin immunoprecipitation and reversion experiments with RNA interference and specific MMP-2 inhibitor showed a functional link between ERM/ETV5 overexpression and MMP-2 activation. The increased MMP-2 activity associated with overexpressed ERM/ETV5 in a mouse model conferred invasive capacity to endometrial tumors. Orthotopically implanted overexpressing ERM/ETV5 tumors presented a more aggressive and infiltrative pattern of myometrial invasion. Finally, the specific localization of ERM/ETV5 and MMP-2 at the invasive front of myometrial infiltrating human endometrial carcinomas further reinforced the hypothesis of a role for ERM/ETV5 in the early steps of endometrial dissemination. Taken together, these results lead us to propose that in EEC, ERM/ETV5 acts through MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity to confer invasive capabilities, associated with an initial switch to myometrial infiltration. They also postulate ERM/ETV5 as a valuable marker for patient stratification and a transcription pathway that should be evaluated for therapies specifically targeting the initial steps of EEC dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monge
- Research Institute Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Lee JH, Lee JS, Kim SE, Moon BS, Kim YC, Lee SK, Lee SK, Choi KY. Tautomycetin inhibits growth of colorectal cancer cells through p21cip/WAF1 induction via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 5:3222-31. [PMID: 17172426 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tautomycetin is an antifungal antibiotic retaining potent immunosuppressive function. We have identified the roles of tautomycetin on cellular proliferation and transformation of colorectal cancer cells. The proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of HCT-15, HT-29, and DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells were efficiently inhibited without induction of apoptosis by 150 nmol tautomycetin. These growth inhibitory effects were dependent on p21Cip/WAF induction via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and the tautomycetin effects were abolished in HCT-116 colon cells and eight other types of cells that did not induce p21Cip/WAF by 150 nmol tautomycetin. The crucial role of p21Cip/WAF1 in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway-dependent antiproliferative responses by tautomycetin was confirmed by using p21Cip/WAF1 gene-deleted HCT-116 cells. The growth inhibitory effect of tautomycetin was acquired by regulation of Raf-1 activity through inhibition of protein phosphatase type 1 and protein phosphatase type 2A with high preference toward protein phosphatase type 1. Tautomycetin could be a potential drug for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hee Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Complex Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Galons H, Bettayeb K, Meijer L. (R)-Roscovitine (CYC202, Seliciclib). ENZYME INHIBITORS SERIES 2006. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420005400.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Borgne A, Versteege I, Mahé M, Studeny A, Léonce S, Naime I, Rodriguez M, Hickman JA, Meijer L, Golsteyn RM. Analysis of cyclin B1 and CDK activity during apoptosis induced by camptothecin treatment. Oncogene 2006; 25:7361-72. [PMID: 16785996 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity in apoptosis induced by camptothecin (CPT). In this model, 22% of the cells stain for annexin-V at 24 h and then proceed to be 93% positive by 72 h. This time window permits the analysis of cyclins in cells that are committed to apoptosis but not yet dead. We provide evidence that cyclin protein levels and then associated kinase levels increase after CPT treatment. Strikingly, cyclin B1 and cyclin E1 proteins are present at the same time in CPT treated HT29 cells. Although cyclin B1 and E1 CDK complexes are activated in CPT treated cells, only the cyclin B1 complex is required for apoptosis since reduction of cyclin B1 by RNAi or roscovitine treatment reduces the number of annexin-V-stained cells. We have detected poorly organized chromosomes and phosphorylated histone H3 epitopes at the time of maximum cyclin B1/CDK kinase activity in CPT-treated cells, which suggests that these cells enter a mitotic catastrophe. Understanding which CDKs are required for apoptosis may allow us to better adapt CDK inhibitors for use as anti-cancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borgne
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Cancer Drug Discovery, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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30
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Bhonde MR, Hanski ML, Notter M, Gillissen BF, Daniel PT, Zeitz M, Hanski C. Equivalent effect of DNA damage-induced apoptotic cell death or long-term cell cycle arrest on colon carcinoma cell proliferation and tumour growth. Oncogene 2006; 25:165-75. [PMID: 16170360 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the type of biological reaction to chemotherapy is a prerequisite for its rational enhancement. We previously showed that irinotecan-induced DNA damage triggers in the HCT116p53(wt) colon carcinoma cell line a long-term cell cycle arrest and in HCT116p53(-/-) cells apoptosis (Magrini et al., 2002). To compare the contribution of long-term cell cycle arrest and that of apoptosis to inhibition of cell proliferation after irinotecan-induced DNA damage, we used this isogenic system as well as the cell lines LS174T (p53(wt)) and HT-29 (p53(mut)). Both p53(wt) cell lines responded to damage by undergoing a long-term tetraploid G1 arrest, whereas the p53(mut) cell lines underwent apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis caused a similar delay in cell proliferation. Irinotecan treatment also induced in mouse tumours derived from the p53(wt) cell lines a tetraploid G1 arrest and in those derived from the p53-deficient cell lines a transient G2/M arrest and apoptosis. The delay of tumour growth was in the same range in both groups, that is, arrest- and apoptosis-mediated tumour growth inhibition was comparable. In conclusion, cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis may be equipotent mechanisms mediating the chemotherapeutic effects of irinotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bhonde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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31
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Wesierska-Gadek J, Schmid G. Dual action of the inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases: targeting of the cell-cycle progression and activation of wild-type p53 protein. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 15:23-38. [PMID: 16370931 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) represents a novel approach to the therapy of human malignancies. Already in clinical trials, recently developed CDK inhibitors very efficiently target the rapidly proliferating cancer cells and inhibit their cell-cycle progression. Interestingly, some CDK inhibitors additionally affect the stability and activity of the tumour-suppressor protein p53, thereby enhancing their antiproliferative action towards cancer cells. Considering the fact that the p53 protein is mutated or inactivated in approximately 50% of all human cancers, the efficacy of CDK inhibitor therapy could differ between cancer cells depending on their p53 status. Moreover, recent reports demonstrating that some cancer cells can proliferate despite CDK2 inhibition questioned the central role of CDK2 in the cell-cycle control and suitability of CDK2 as a therapeutic target; however, the p53 activation that is mediated by CDK inhibitors could be essential for the efficacy of CDK inhibitors in therapy of CDK2-independent cancers. Furthermore, there is also reason to believe that CDK2 inhibitors could be used for another purpose, to protect normal cells from the effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józefa Wesierska-Gadek
- Division Institute of Cancer Research, Dept. of Medicine I, Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8 a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Castillo-Avila W, Abal M, Robine S, Pérez-Tomás R. Non-apoptotic concentrations of prodigiosin (H+/Cl− symporter) inhibit the acidification of lysosomes and induce cell cycle blockage in colon cancer cells. Life Sci 2005; 78:121-7. [PMID: 16126233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG) is a bacterial red pigment with interesting immunosuppressive and apoptotic properties that have been partly attributed to its ability to uncouple V-ATPase through the promotion of the H+/Cl- symporter. In the present study, we investigate the effect of non-apoptotic concentrations of PG on the lysosomal-pH and on cell cycle progression in colon cancer cells. Lysosomal-pH was tested in DLD-1 cells using acridine orange vital staining. Orange granules, indicative of acidified lysosomes, decreased significantly in cells treated with 25 nM of PG for 1/2 h, and disappeared completely at 100 nM. This suggests that PG can induce lysosomal alkalinization without any apparent cytotoxic effect. Cell cycle progression was analysed in HT29 cells and we found that PG induces a blockage in the G1 phase. This blockage correlates with p21(WAF1/CIP1) induction, and it can be triggered either dependently or independently of p53. In conclusion, the reversible increase in lysosomal-pH and cytosol acidification induced by non-apoptotic concentrations of PG in colon cancer cells, suggests that the apoptotic process induced by PG can not be solely explained by changes in intracellular pH. The effect of intracellular acidification on cell cycle arrest must be analysed more exactly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmar Castillo-Avila
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, CCBR Group, Pavelló Central, 5a planta, LR 5101 C/ Feixa Llarga s/n, E-08907, L'Hospitalet (Barcelona), Spain
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33
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Chen PN, Chu SC, Chiou HL, Chiang CL, Yang SF, Hsieh YS. Cyanidin 3-Glucoside and Peonidin 3-Glucoside Inhibit Tumor Cell Growth and Induce Apoptosis In Vitro and Suppress Tumor Growth In Vivo. Nutr Cancer 2005; 53:232-43. [PMID: 16573384 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5302_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols, including anthocyanins, are suggested to be involved in the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancer. However, anticancer effects of peonidin 3-glucoside have not been clearly demonstrated, with only limited studies being available concerning the inhibitory effect of cyanidin 3-glucoside for tumor cell growth. Therefore, in this study, we have isolated and identified the two bioactive compounds, peonidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, from Oryza sativa L. indica, to treat various cancer cells. The results showed that, among analyzed cell lines, HS578T was the most sensitive to peonidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside. Treatment with peonidin 3-glucoside or cyanidin 3-glucoside resulted in a strong inhibitory effect on cell growth via G2/M arrest. Regarding cell cyclerelated proteins, peonidin 3-glucoside treatment resulted in down-regulation of protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1, CDK-2, cyclin B1, and cyclin E, whereas cyanidin 3-glucoside could decrease the protein levels of CDK-1, CDK-2, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1. In addition, cyanidin 3-glucoside or peonidin 3-glucoside also induced caspase-3 activation, chromatin condensation, and cell death. Furthermore, anthocyanins from O. sativa L. indica were evidenced by their inhibition on the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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34
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Golsteyn RM. Cdk1 and Cdk2 complexes (cyclin dependent kinases) in apoptosis: a role beyond the cell cycle. Cancer Lett 2005; 217:129-38. [PMID: 15617830 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The family of cyclin-dependent kinase complexes (Cdks) are well known for their role in the cell division cycle. What is less well known, however, is that Cdks also participate in a subset of apoptosis programs. Evidence for the role of Cdks in apoptosis comes from a variety of experimental approaches, including studies using genetic mutants, protein inhibitors, and chemical inhibitors of protein kinase activity. The precise role of Cdks in apoptosis remains to be defined, although one promising approach to clarify this question is to identify Cdk protein substrates during apoptosis. Currently a number of Cdk inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials. By understanding how Cdks function during apoptosis it may be possible to optimise the use of these inhibitors in treating human tumours by blocking proliferation but permitting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy M Golsteyn
- Cancer Research Division, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 ch. de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine, Paris F 78290, France.
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35
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Bunpo P, Kataoka K, Arimochi H, Nakayama H, Kuwahara T, Vinitketkumnuen U, Ohnishi Y. Inhibitory effects of asiatic acid and CPT-11 on growth of HT-29 cells. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2005; 52:65-73. [PMID: 15751275 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.52.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene contained in medicinal plants. The cytotoxic effect of this compound and its augmentative effect on the anticancer drug irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) were investigated in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. Asiatic acid dose-dependently showed cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells. DNA fragmentation, annexin-positive apoptotic cells, and caspase-3 activation were observed in a dose-dependent manner. A caspase-3 inhibitor suppressed the DNA ladder formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins were decreased by asiatic acid treatment. These results indicate that asiatic acid induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells via caspase-3 activation. Cytotoxic effects of combined treatment with CPT-11 and asiatic acid on HT-29 cells were further examined. Simultaneous treatment or sequential exposure first to asiatic acid and then to CPT-11 showed an additive effect. Synergism was observed when cells were first exposed to CPT-11 and then to asiatic acid. These results suggest that asiatic acid can be used as an agent for increasing sensitivity of colon cancer cells to treatment with CPT-11 or as an agent for reducing adverse effects of CPT-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawan Bunpo
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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