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Wu H, Liu S, Wu D, Zhou H, Wu G. Tumor extrachromosomal DNA: Biogenesis and recent advances in the field. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116588. [PMID: 38613997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a self-replicating circular DNA originating from the chromosomal genome and exists outside the chromosome. It contains specific gene sequences and non-coding regions that regulate transcription. Recent studies have demonstrated that ecDNA is present in various malignant tumors. Malignant tumor development and poor prognosis may depend on ecDNA's distinctive ring structure, which assists in amplifying oncogenes. During cell division, an uneven distribution of ecDNA significantly enhances tumor cells' heterogeneity, allowing tumor cells to adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment and making them more resistant to treatments. The application of ecDNA as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target holds great potential. This article examines the latest advancements in this area and discusses the potential clinical applications of ecDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155# Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155# Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155# Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155# Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155# Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China.
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2
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Chen Y, Qiu Q, She J, Yu J. Extrachromosomal circular DNA in colorectal cancer: biogenesis, function and potential as therapeutic target. Oncogene 2023; 42:941-951. [PMID: 36859558 PMCID: PMC10038807 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (ecDNA) has gained renewed interest since its discovery more than half a century ago, emerging as critical driver of tumor evolution. ecDNA is highly prevalent in many types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide. ecDNAs play an essential role in regulating oncogene expression, intratumor heterogeneity, and resistance to therapy independently of canonical chromosomal alterations in CRC. Furthermore, the existence of ecDNAs is attributed to the patient's prognosis, since ecDNA-based oncogene amplification adversely affects clinical outcomes. Recent understanding of ecDNA put an extra layer of complexity in the pathogenesis of CRC. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding on mechanisms of biogenesis, and distinctive features of ecDNA in CRC. In addition, we will examine how ecDNAs mediate oncogene overexpression, gene regulation, and topological interactions with active chromatin, which facilitates genetic heterogeneity, accelerates CRC malignancy, and enhances rapid adaptation to therapy resistance. Finally, we will discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of ecDNAs in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnan Chen
- Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanpeng Qiu
- Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junjun She
- Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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3
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Tools used to assay genomic instability in cancers and cancer meiomitosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:159-177. [PMID: 34841477 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a defining characteristic of cancer and the analysis of DNA damage at the chromosome level is a crucial part of the study of carcinogenesis and genotoxicity. Chromosomal instability (CIN), the most common level of genomic instability in cancers, is defined as the rate of loss or gain of chromosomes through successive divisions. As such, DNA in cancer cells is highly unstable. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. There is a debate as to whether instability succeeds transformation, or if it is a by-product of cancer, and therefore, studying potential molecular and cellular contributors of genomic instability is of high importance. Recent work has suggested an important role for ectopic expression of meiosis genes in driving genomic instability via a process called meiomitosis. Improving understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the development of targeted therapies that exploit DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Here, we discuss a workflow of novel and established techniques used to assess chromosomal instability as well as the nature of genomic instability such as double strand breaks, micronuclei, and chromatin bridges. For each technique, we discuss their advantages and limitations in a lab setting. Lastly, we provide detailed protocols for the discussed techniques.
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Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal a tandem amplification unit of 11 genes and mutations in mismatch repair genes in methotrexate-resistant HT-29 cells. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1344-1355. [PMID: 34521988 PMCID: PMC8492700 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DHFR gene amplification is commonly present in methotrexate (MTX)-resistant colon cancer cells and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this study, we proposed an integrative framework to characterize the amplified region by using a combination of single-molecule real-time sequencing, next-generation optical mapping, and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). We identified an amplification unit spanning 11 genes, from the DHFR gene to the ATP6AP1L gene position, with high adjusted interaction frequencies on chromosome 5 (~2.2 Mbp) and a twenty-fold tandemly amplified region, and novel inversions at the start and end positions of the amplified region as well as frameshift insertions in most of the MSH and MLH genes were detected. These mutations might stimulate chromosomal breakage and cause the dysregulation of mismatch repair. Characterizing the tandem gene-amplified unit may be critical for identifying the mechanisms that trigger genomic rearrangements. These findings may provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the amplification process and the evolution of drug resistance. Sequencing a large region of DNA containing many surplus copies of genes linked to drug resistance in colon cancer cells may illuminate how these genomic rearrangements arise. Such regions of gene amplification are highly repetitive, making them impossible to sequence using ordinary methods, and little is known about how they are generated. Using advanced methods, Jeong-Sun Seo at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital in South Korea and co-workers sequenced a region of gene amplification in colon cancer cells. The amplified region was approximately 20 times the length of that in healthy cells and contained many copies of an eleven-gene segment, including a gene implicated in drug resistance. The region also contained mutations in chromosomal repair genes which would disrupt repair pathways. These results illuminate the genetic changes that lead to gene amplification and drug resistance in cancer cells.
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Wang Y, Huang R, Zheng G, Shen J. Small ring has big potential: insights into extrachromosomal DNA in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:236. [PMID: 33902601 PMCID: PMC8077740 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technical advances have led to the discovery of novel functions of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in multiple cancer types. Studies have revealed that cancer-associated ecDNA shows a unique circular shape and contains oncogenes that are more frequently amplified than that in linear chromatin DNA. Importantly, the ecDNA-mediated amplification of oncogenes was frequently found in most cancers but rare in normal tissues. Multiple reports have shown that ecDNA has a profound impact on oncogene activation, genomic instability, drug sensitivity, tumor heterogeneity and tumor immunology, therefore may offer the potential for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms and future applications of ecDNA remain to be determined. In this review, we summarize the basic concepts, biological functions and molecular mechanisms of ecDNA. We also provide novel insights into the fundamental role of ecDNA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Xu S, Zhang T, Cao Z, Zhong W, Zhang C, Li H, Song J. Integrin-α9β1 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Refractory Diseases: Recent Progress and Insights. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638400. [PMID: 33790909 PMCID: PMC8005531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins refer to heterodimers consisting of subunits α and β. They serve as receptors on cell membranes and interact with extracellular ligands to mediate intracellular molecular signals. One of the least-studied members of the integrin family is integrin-α9β1, which is widely distributed in various human tissues and organs. Integrin-α9β1 regulates the physiological state of cells through a variety of complex signaling pathways to participate in the specific pathological processes of some intractable diseases. In recent years, an increasing amount of research has focused on the role of α9β1 in the molecular mechanisms of different refractory diseases and its promising potential as a therapeutic target. Accordingly, this review introduces and summarizes recent research related to integrin-α9β1, describes the synergistic functions of α9β1 and its corresponding ligands in cancer, autoimmune diseases, nerve injury and thrombosis and, more importantly, highlights the potential of α9β1 as a distinctive target for the treatment of these intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuangwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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7
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De Oliveira T, Goldhardt T, Edelmann M, Rogge T, Rauch K, Kyuchukov ND, Menck K, Bleckmann A, Kalucka J, Khan S, Gaedcke J, Haubrock M, Beissbarth T, Bohnenberger H, Planque M, Fendt SM, Ackermann L, Ghadimi M, Conradi LC. Effects of the Novel PFKFB3 Inhibitor KAN0438757 on Colorectal Cancer Cells and Its Systemic Toxicity Evaluation In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1011. [PMID: 33671096 PMCID: PMC7957803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial progress made in the last decades in colorectal cancer (CRC) research, new treatment approaches are still needed to improve patients' long-term survival. To date, the promising strategy to target tumor angiogenesis metabolically together with a sensitization of CRC to chemo- and/or radiotherapy by PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase-3) inhibition has never been tested. Therefore, initial evaluation and validation of newly developed compounds such as KAN0438757 and their effects on CRC cells are crucial steps preceding to in vivo preclinical studies, which in turn may consolidate new therapeutic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficiency of KAN0438757 to block PFKFB3 expression and translation in human CRC cells was evaluated by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Functional in vitro assays assessed the effects of KAN0438757 on cell viability, proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration and invasion. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of KAN0438757 on matched patient-derived normal and tumor organoids and its systemic toxicity in vivo in C57BL6/N mice. RESULTS High PFKFB3 expression is correlated with a worse survival in CRC patients. KAN0438757 reduces PFKFB3 protein expression without affecting its transcriptional regulation. Additionally, a concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effect was observed. The migration and invasion capacity of cancer cells were significantly reduced, independent of the anti-proliferative effect. When treating colonic patient-derived organoids with KAN0438757 an impressive effect on tumor organoids growth was apparent, surprisingly sparing normal colonic organoids. No high-grade toxicity was observed in vivo. CONCLUSION The PFKFB3 inhibitor KAN0438757 significantly reduced CRC cell migration, invasion and survival. Moreover, on patient-derived cancer organoids KAN0438757 showed significant effects on growth, without being overly toxic in normal colon organoids and healthy mice. Our findings strongly encourage further translational studies to evaluate KAN0438757 in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago De Oliveira
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (T.D.O.); (T.G.); (M.E.); (N.D.K.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Tina Goldhardt
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (T.D.O.); (T.G.); (M.E.); (N.D.K.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcus Edelmann
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (T.D.O.); (T.G.); (M.E.); (N.D.K.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Torben Rogge
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstraβe 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (T.R.); (K.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Karsten Rauch
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstraβe 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (T.R.); (K.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Nikola Dobrinov Kyuchukov
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (T.D.O.); (T.G.); (M.E.); (N.D.K.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (K.M.); (A.B.)
- Department of Medicine Medical Clinic A, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (K.M.); (A.B.)
- Department of Medicine Medical Clinic A, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-Aarhus C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shawez Khan
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (T.D.O.); (T.G.); (M.E.); (N.D.K.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Martin Haubrock
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (M.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Tim Beissbarth
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (M.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.P.); (S.-M.F.)
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.P.); (S.-M.F.)
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstraβe 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (T.R.); (K.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (T.D.O.); (T.G.); (M.E.); (N.D.K.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (T.D.O.); (T.G.); (M.E.); (N.D.K.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
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Morey J, Llinás P, Bueno-Costa A, León AJ, Piña MN. Raltitrexed-Modified Gold and Silver Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Cytotoxicity Behavior In Vitro on A549 and HCT-116 Human Cancer Cells. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030534. [PMID: 33499297 PMCID: PMC7866044 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two different raltitrexed gold and silver nanoparticles for the delivery of an antitumoral drug into cancer cells were synthesized and characterized. A cysteine linker was used for the covalent bonding of raltitrexed to the surface of nanoparticles. To evaluate the efficacy of the antifolate-derivative nanoparticles, their cytotoxicity was assayed in vitro with A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma human cells. Modified nanoparticles are a biocompatible material, and administration of silver raltitrexed nanoparticles strongly inhibited the viability of the cancer cells; gold raltitrexed nanoparticles do not show any type of cytotoxic effect. The results suggest that silver raltitrexed nanoparticles could be a potential delivery system for certain cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroni Morey
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Crta. de Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (J.M.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Pere Llinás
- Department of Biochemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Crta. de Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (P.L.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alberto Bueno-Costa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Crta. de Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (P.L.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alberto J. León
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Crta. de Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (J.M.); (A.J.L.)
| | - M. Nieves Piña
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Crta. de Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (J.M.); (A.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-172847
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9
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Xie Z, Zhao Y, Yang W, Li W, Wu Y, Chen Z. Methotrexate, a small molecular scaffold targeting Kv1.3 channel extracellular pore region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:265-270. [PMID: 32863001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used for the treatment of many types of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and dermatomyositis. However, its pharmacological mechanism is still unclear completely. In this study, we found that MTX is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Kv1.3 channel, a class of potassium channels highly associated with autoimmune diseases. Electrophysiological experiments showed that MTX inhibited human Kv1.3 channel with an IC50 of 41.5 ± 24.9 nM, and 1 μM MTX inhibited 32.6 ± 1.3% and 25.6 ± 2.2% of human Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 channel currents, respectively. These data implied the unique selectivity of MTX towards the Kv1.3 channel. Excitingly, using channel activation and chimeric experiments, we found that MTX bound to the outer pore region of Kv1.3 channel. Mutagenesis experiments in the Kv.3 channel extracellular pore region further showed that the Dsp371, Thr373 and His399 residues of outer pore region of Kv1.3 channel played important roles in MTX inhibiting activities. In conclusion, MTX inhibited Kv1.3 channel by targeting extracellular pore region, which is different form all the report small molecules, such as PAP-1 and 4-AP, but similar with many natural animal toxin peptides, such as ChTX, ShK and BmKTX. To the best of our knowledge, MTX is the first small molecular scaffold targeting the Kv1.3 channel extracellular pore region, suggesting its potential applications for designing novel Kv1.3 lead drugs and treating Kv1.3 channel-associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weishan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Biodrug Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Biodrug Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Zongyun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Biodrug Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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10
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Cui C, Yang J, Li X, Liu D, Fu L, Wang X. Functions and mechanisms of circular RNAs in cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:58. [PMID: 32171304 PMCID: PMC7071709 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), one type of non-coding RNA, were initially misinterpreted as nonfunctional products of pre-mRNA mis-splicing. Currently, circRNAs have been proven to manipulate the functions of diverse molecules, including non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, DNAs and proteins, to regulate cell activities in physiology and pathology. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs play critical roles in tumor genesis, development, and sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are two primary types of intervention for most cancers, but their therapeutic efficacies are usually retarded by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Thus, it is urgent to develop new strategies to improve therapeutic responses. To achieve this, clarification of the underlying mechanisms affecting therapeutic responses in cancer is needed. This review summarizes recent progress and mechanisms of circRNAs in cancer resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, and it discusses the limitations of available knowledge and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochu Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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11
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Zhang Z, Aung KM, Uhlin BE, Wai SN. Reversible senescence of human colon cancer cells after blockage of mitosis/cytokinesis caused by the CNF1 cyclomodulin from Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17780. [PMID: 30542142 PMCID: PMC6290797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), a protein toxin produced by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, activates the Rho-family small GTPases in eukaryotic cell, thereby perturbing multiple cellular functions. Increasing epidemiological evidence suggests a link between CNF1 and human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. At the cellular level, CNF1 has been hypothesized to reprogram cell fate towards survival due to the role in perturbing cell cycle and apoptosis. However, it remains undetermined how cells survive from CNF1 intoxication. In this work, we show that CNF1 treatment blocks mitosis/cytokinesis, elicits endoreplication and polyploidisation in cultured human colon cancer cells, and drives them into reversible senescence, which provides a survival route for cells via depolyploidisation. Senescence in CNF1-treated cells is demonstrated with upregulation of several senescence markers including senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, p53, p21 and p16, and concomitant inhibition of the retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Importantly, progeny derived from CNF1 treatment exhibit genomic instability exemplified by increased aneuploidy and become more resistant to CNF1, but not to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, the two agents commonly used in chemotherapeutic treatment for colorectal cancer. These observations display survival features of the cell after CNF1 treatment that may have implications for the potential role of CNF1 in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kyaw Min Aung
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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12
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Nogueira E, Sárria MP, Azoia NG, Antunes E, Loureiro A, Guimarães D, Noro J, Rollett A, Guebitz G, Cavaco-Paulo A. Internalization of Methotrexate Conjugates by Folate Receptor-α. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6780-6786. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugénia Nogueira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marisa P. Sárria
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Azoia
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Egipto Antunes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Loureiro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Guimarães
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Noro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rollett
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Georg Guebitz
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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13
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Bao Y, Liu J, You J, Wu D, Yu Y, Liu C, Wang L, Wang F, Xu L, Wang L, Wang N, Tian X, Wang F, Liang H, Gao Y, Cui X, Ji G, Bai J, Yu J, Meng X, Jin Y, Sun W, Guan XY, Zhang C, Fu S. Met promotes the formation of double minute chromosomes induced by Sei-1 in NIH-3T3 murine fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56664-56675. [PMID: 27494853 PMCID: PMC5302943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sei-1 is an oncogene capable of inducing double minute chromosomes (DMs) formation. DMs are hallmarks of amplification and contribute to oncogenesis. However, the mechanism of Sei-1 inducing DMs formation remains unelucidated. RESULTS DMs formation significantly increased during serial passage in vivo and gradually decreased following culture in vitro. micro nuclei (MN) was found to be responsible for the reduction. Of the DMs-carrying genes, Met was found to be markedly amplified, overexpressed and highly correlated with DMs formation. Inhibition of Met signaling decreased the number of DMs and reduced the amplification of the DMs-carrying genes. We identified a 3.57Mb DMs representing the majority population, which consists of the 1.21 Mb AMP1 from locus 6qA2 and the 2.36 Mb AMP2 from locus 6qA2-3. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed NIH-3T3 cell line with Sei-1 overexpression to monitor and characterize DMs in vivo and in vitro. Array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to reveal amplification regions and DMs-carrying genes. Metaphase spread was prepared to count the DMs. Western blot and Met inhibition rescue experiments were performed to examine for involvement of altered Met signaling in Sei-1 induced DMs. Genomic walking and PCR were adopted to reveal DMs structure. CONCLUSIONS Met is an important promotor of DMs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Bao
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia You
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Maternity and Child Care Center of Qinghuangdao, Qinghuangdao, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Genetic Diagnosis Center, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Falin Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yating Gao
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cui
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guohua Ji
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingcui Yu
- Scientific Research Centre, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangning Meng
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, China
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14
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Kawczyk-Krupka A, Czuba ZP, Kwiatek B, Kwiatek S, Krupka M, Sieroń K. The effect of ALA-PDT under normoxia and cobalt chloride (CoCl 2)-induced hypoxia on adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) secretion by colorectal cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:103-115. [PMID: 28495508 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most fundamental problem in cancer biology research is to understand the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance to oncological therapies. Literature reports emphasize the important role of adhesion molecules: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) in cancer progression and resistance to treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) could become the component of a personalized approach to colorectal cancer, therefore we examined the effects of ALA (δ-aminolevulinic) acid PDT in normoxia and under cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 secretion by colorectal cancer cells. METHODS Human colorectal cancer cells of different malignant potential SW480 and SW620 were used in the experiment. Cell lines were treated ALA, in order to achieve conditions comparable to in vivo hypoxia, CoCl2 was added, then cells were irradiated both in normoxia and in hypoxia-like conditions. Cell viability was assessed using the LDH and MTT assays and apoptosis. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 concentrations were determined with the Bio - Plex ProTM Assay and System. RESULTS The experiment revealed that ALA PDT under normoxia and CoCl2-induced hypoxia had no significant effect on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-dependent adhesion of colorectal cancer cells. The secretion of ICAM-1 by SW480 ell line was more pronounced compared to ICAM-1 secretion by SW620 cells. CONCLUSION Determination of tumor marker levels and especially adhesion molecules involved in metastatic spread is necessary. Our experiment reveals, that ALA PDT in normoxia and CoCl2-induced hypoxia has no effect on adhesion molecules secretion by colon cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Zenon Pawel Czuba
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Beata Kwiatek
- Specialist Hospital N(o)2, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Kwiatek
- Specialist Hospital N(o)2, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Krupka
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sieroń
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Department of Physical Medicine, Chair of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Street 12, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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15
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Abstract
In this chapter, we present an approach that allows a causal analysis of multiple "-omics" data with the help of an "upstream analysis" strategy. The goal of this approach is to identify master regulators in gene regulatory networks as potential drug targets for a pathological process. The data analysis strategy includes a state-of-the-art promoter analysis for potential transcription factor (TF)-binding sites using the TRANSFAC® database combined with an analysis of the upstream signal transduction pathways that control the activity of these TFs. When applied to genes that are associated with a switch to a pathological process, the approach identifies potential key molecules (master regulators) that may exert major control over and maintenance of transient stability of the pathological state. We demonstrate this approach on examples of analysis of multi-omics data sets that contain transcriptomics and epigenomics data in cancer. The results of this analysis helped us to better understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer development and cancer drug resistance. Such an approach promises to be very effective for rapid and accurate identification of cancer drug targets with true potential. The upstream analysis approach is implemented as an automatic workflow in the geneXplain platform ( www.genexplain.com ) using the open-source BioUML framework ( www.biouml.org ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Kel
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SBRAN, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Biosoft.ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia. .,geneXplain GmbH, Am Exer 10B, D-38302, Wolfenbüttel, Germany.
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16
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Kel AE, Stegmaier P, Valeev T, Koschmann J, Poroikov V, Kel-Margoulis OV, Wingender E. Multi-omics "upstream analysis" of regulatory genomic regions helps identifying targets against methotrexate resistance of colon cancer. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2016; 13:1-13. [PMID: 29900117 PMCID: PMC5988513 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Upstream analysis strategy for multi-omics data is proposed. Drug targets are predicted by search for TFBS and analysis of signaling network. Methotrexate resistance data include transcriptomics, proteomics and epigenomics. Predicted targets are: TGFalpha, IGFBP7, alpha9-integrin. Predicted drugs are: zardaverine, divalproex and human metabolite nicotinamide N-oxide.
We present an “upstream analysis” strategy for causal analysis of multiple “-omics” data. It analyzes promoters using the TRANSFAC database, combines it with an analysis of the upstream signal transduction pathways and identifies master regulators as potential drug targets for a pathological process. We applied this approach to a complex multi-omics data set that contains transcriptomics, proteomics and epigenomics data. We identified the following potential drug targets against induced resistance of cancer cells towards chemotherapy by methotrexate (MTX): TGFalpha, IGFBP7, alpha9-integrin, and the following chemical compounds: zardaverine and divalproex as well as human metabolites such as nicotinamide N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Kel
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Biosoft.ru, Ltd, Novosibirsk, Russia.,geneXplain GmbH, D-38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | | | - Tagir Valeev
- Biosoft.ru, Ltd, Novosibirsk, Russia.,A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Edgar Wingender
- geneXplain GmbH, D-38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany.,Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Yun J, Song SH, Kang JY, Park J, Kim HP, Han SW, Kim TY. Reduced cohesin destabilizes high-level gene amplification by disrupting pre-replication complex bindings in human cancers with chromosomal instability. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:558-72. [PMID: 26420833 PMCID: PMC4737181 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene amplification is a hallmark of cancer with chromosomal instability although the underlying mechanism by which altered copy numbers are maintained is largely unclear. Cohesin, involved in sister chromatid cohesion, DNA repair, cell cycle progression and transcriptional regulation of key developmental genes, is frequently overexpressed in human cancer. Here we show that cohesin-dependent change in DNA replication controls the copy numbers of amplified genes in cancer cells with chromosomal instability. We found that the down-regulation of elevated cohesin leads to copy number-associated gene expression changes without disturbing chromosomal segregation. Highly amplified genes form typical long-range chromatin interactions, which are stabilized by enriched cohesin. The spatial proximities among cohesin binding sites within amplified genes are decreased by RAD21-knockdown, resulting in the rapid decline of amplified gene expression. After several passages, cohesin depletion inhibits DNA replication initiation by reducing the recruitment of pre-replication complexes such as minichromosome maintenance subunits 7 (MCM7), DNA polymerase α, and CDC45 at replication origins near the amplified regions, and as a result, decreases the DNA copy numbers of highly amplified genes. Collectively, our data demonstrate that cohesin-mediated chromatin organization and DNA replication are important for stabilizing gene amplification in cancer cells with chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Yun
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Youn Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Phill Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
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18
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Puigvert JC, Sanjiv K, Helleday T. Targeting DNA repair, DNA metabolism and replication stress as anti-cancer strategies. FEBS J 2015; 283:232-45. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Carreras Puigvert
- Science for Life Laboratory; Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory; Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory; Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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19
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Tentes IK, Schmidt WM, Krupitza G, Steger GG, Mikulits W, Kortsaris A, Mader RM. Long-term persistence of acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil in the colon cancer cell line SW620. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3172-81. [PMID: 20849845 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment resistance to antineoplastic drugs represents a major clinical problem. Here, we investigated the long-term stability of acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil (FU) in an in vitro colon cancer model, using four sub-clones characterised by increasing FU-resistance derived from the cell line SW620. The resistance phenotype was preserved after FU withdrawal for 15weeks (~100 cell divisions) independent of the established level of drug resistance and of epigenetic silencing. Remarkably, resistant clones tolerated serum deprivation, adopted a CD133(+) CD44(-) phenotype, and further exhibited loss of membrane-bound E-cadherin together with predominant nuclear β-catenin localisation. Thus, we provide evidence for a long-term memory of acquired drug resistance, driven by multiple cellular strategies (epithelial-mesenchymal transition and selective propagation of CD133(+) cells). These resistance phenomena, in turn, accentuate the malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Tentes
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 6th km Alexandroupolis-Komotini (Dragana), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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20
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Bueno R, De Rienzo A, Dong L, Gordon GJ, Hercus CF, Richards WG, Jensen RV, Anwar A, Maulik G, Chirieac LR, Ho KF, Taillon BE, Turcotte CL, Hercus RG, Gullans SR, Sugarbaker DJ. Second generation sequencing of the mesothelioma tumor genome. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10612. [PMID: 20485525 PMCID: PMC2869344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm for elucidating the molecular etiology of cancers relies on the interrogation of small numbers of genes, which limits the scope of investigation. Emerging second-generation massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies have enabled more precise definition of the cancer genome on a global scale. We examined the genome of a human primary malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) tumor and matched normal tissue by using a combination of sequencing-by-synthesis and pyrosequencing methodologies to a 9.6X depth of coverage. Read density analysis uncovered significant aneuploidy and numerous rearrangements. Method-dependent informatics rules, which combined the results of different sequencing platforms, were developed to identify and validate candidate mutations of multiple types. Many more tumor-specific rearrangements than point mutations were uncovered at this depth of sequencing, resulting in novel, large-scale, inter- and intra-chromosomal deletions, inversions, and translocations. Nearly all candidate point mutations appeared to be previously unknown SNPs. Thirty tumor-specific fusions/translocations were independently validated with PCR and Sanger sequencing. Of these, 15 represented disrupted gene-encoding regions, including kinases, transcription factors, and growth factors. One large deletion in DPP10 resulted in altered transcription and expression of DPP10 transcripts in a set of 53 additional MPM tumors correlated with survival. Additionally, three point mutations were observed in the coding regions of NKX6-2, a transcription regulator, and NFRKB, a DNA-binding protein involved in modulating NFKB1. Several regions containing genes such as PCBD2 and DHFR, which are involved in growth factor signaling and nucleotide synthesis, respectively, were selectively amplified in the tumor. Second-generation sequencing uncovered all types of mutations in this MPM tumor, with DNA rearrangements representing the dominant type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bueno
- The International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Assunta De Rienzo
- The International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lingsheng Dong
- The International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gavin J. Gordon
- The International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - William G. Richards
- The International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roderick V. Jensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | - Gautam Maulik
- The International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lucian R. Chirieac
- The International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Bruce E. Taillon
- 454 Life Sciences, Inc., Branford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | | | - Steven R. Gullans
- Excel Medical Ventures, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David J. Sugarbaker
- The International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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21
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Dabrowska M, Mosieniak G, Skierski J, Sikora E, Rode W. Methotrexate-induced senescence in human adenocarcinoma cells is accompanied by induction of p21(waf1/cip1) expression and lack of polyploidy. Cancer Lett 2009; 284:95-101. [PMID: 19467772 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human colorectal adenocarcinoma C85 cells, treated with high dose methotrexate (1 microM; IC(50)=51 nM), undergo accelerated senescence, as the cells (i) are growth arrested at the G(1) and S phases of the cell cycle, (ii) are SA-beta-galactosidase-positive, (iii) show induced expression of p21(waf1/cip1) and decreased expression of p16(INK4a), and (iv) show DNA synthesis continued at the reduced level. The fraction of C85 cells with DNA content higher than 4N is maintained at the same level (14%) in cells untreated, as well as regrown after the treatment. Multinucleation is found as the main karyotypic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dabrowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
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22
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Singh B, Sharma N. Synthesis and Characterization of Sterculia Gum Based pH Responsive Drug Delivery System for Use in Colon Cancer. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320902720337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Morales C, García MJ, Ribas M, Miró R, Muñoz M, Caldas C, Peinado MA. Dihydrofolate reductase amplification and sensitization to methotrexate of methotrexate-resistant colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:424-32. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Role of caveolin 1, E-cadherin, Enolase 2 and PKCalpha on resistance to methotrexate in human HT29 colon cancer cells. BMC Med Genomics 2008; 1:35. [PMID: 18694510 PMCID: PMC2527490 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-1-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate is one of the earliest cytotoxic drugs used in cancer therapy, and despite the isolation of multiple other folate antagonists, methotrexate maintains its significant role as a treatment for different types of cancer and other disorders. The usefulness of treatment with methotrexate is limited by the development of drug resistance, which may be acquired through different ways. To get insights into the mechanisms associated with drug resistance and sensitization we performed a functional analysis of genes deregulated in methotrexate resistant cells, either due to its co-amplification with the dhfr gene or as a result of a transcriptome screening using microarrays. Methods Gene expression levels were compared between triplicate samples from either HT29 sensitive cells and resistant to 10-5 M MTX by hybridization to the GeneChip® HG U133 PLUS 2.0 from Affymetrix. After normalization, a list of 3-fold differentially expressed genes with a p-value < 0.05 including multiple testing correction (Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate) was generated. RT-Real-time PCR was used to validate the expression levels of selected genes and copy-number was determined by qPCR. Functional validations were performed either by siRNAs or by transfection of an expression plasmid. Results Genes adjacent to the dhfr locus and included in the 5q14 amplicon were overexpressed in HT29 MTX-resistant cells. Treatment with siRNAs against those genes caused a slight reduction in cell viability in both HT29 sensitive and resistant cells. On the other hand, microarray analysis of HT29 and HT29 MTX resistant cells unveiled overexpression of caveolin 1, enolase 2 and PKCα genes in resistant cells without concomitant copy number gain. siRNAs against these three genes effectively reduced cell viability and caused a decreased MTX resistance capacity. Moreover, overexpression of E-cadherin, which was found underexpressed in MTX-resistant cells, also sensitized the cells toward the chemotherapeutic agent. Combined treatments targeting siRNA inhibition of caveolin 1 and overexpression of E-cadherin markedly reduced cell viability in both sensitive and MTX-resistant HT29 cells. Conclusion We provide functional evidences indicating that caveolin 1 and E-cadherin, deregulated in MTX resistant cells, may play a critical role in cell survival and may constitute potential targets for coadjuvant therapy.
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Sliwinska MA, Mosieniak G, Wolanin K, Babik A, Piwocka K, Magalska A, Szczepanowska J, Fronk J, Sikora E. Induction of senescence with doxorubicin leads to increased genomic instability of HCT116 cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 130:24-32. [PMID: 18538372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Induction of senescence has been proposed as a possible in vivo tumor response to anticancer treatment. Senescent cancer cells are often polyploid, however, their route to polyploidy is poorly recognized (endoreduplication versus aberrant mitoses). We showed that after treatment of HCT116 cells with a low dose of doxorubicin most of them stopped proliferation as documented by SA-beta-galactosidase activity and the lack of Ki67 expression. Increased expression of other common senescence markers, p53, p21 and cyclin D1, was also observed. The cells became giant, polyploid and polymorphic, with multinucleated cells comprising a substantial fraction. The vast majority of the doxorubicin-treated cells did not enter mitoses, as evidenced by mitotic index analysis, as well as by the predominantly cytoplasmic localization of cyclin B1 and a lack of separation of multiplied centrosomes. This allowed us to conclude that doxorubicin-treated HCT116 cells underwent endoreduplication. However, the rare events of aberrant mitoses of polyploid cells observed by us led to aneuploid progeny as was documented by cytogenetic analysis of survivors. Thus, a senescence-inducing treatment of HCT116 cancer cells had a dual effect-it stopped the proliferation of the majority of the cells, but also led to the appearance of proliferating aneuploid ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Sliwinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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de Anta JM, Pérez-Castro AJ, Freire R, Mayol X. The DNA damage checkpoint is activated during residual tumour cell survival to methotrexate treatment as an initial step of acquired drug resistance. Anticancer Drugs 2006; 17:1171-7. [PMID: 17075316 DOI: 10.1097/01.cad.0000236311.73703.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the process of acquired drug resistance, the absence of tumour cell subpopulations already resistant before treatment implies an initial adaptive stage of cell growth following drug exposure that, under the selective pressure of the drug, allows the emergence of stably resistant cell variants. Here, we show that p53-defective HT-29 colon cancer cells overcome methotrexate-induced cell death owing to DNA damage checkpoint-mediated cell survival at the adaptive stage that precedes stable resistance acquisition. HT-29 cell cycle progression was dramatically delayed in the presence of a lethal dose of methotrexate, leading to DNA damage during S-phase transition and to cell death as treated cells progressed to G2 and M phases. As a result, the DNA damage checkpoint was induced as indicated by the presence of activated phosphorylated forms of checkpoint proteins Chk1 and Rad9. As we recently described, in-vitro resistance to methotrexate occurs without cell subpopulations already resistant before treatment, hence resistance is acquired through a multistep process that includes an early stage of transient cell survival. Our present results showed that this acute cell survival stage was due to a minor percentage of cells that could complete the first division cycle after drug exposure. Cell survival was enhanced by drug withdrawal during S-phase transition and suppressed if drug withdrawal was followed by treatment with the checkpoint-inhibitor drug caffeine. These results thus point to checkpoint-mediated transient adaptation as a target to prevent the emergence of acquired resistance to methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M de Anta
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Unit, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, and Research Unit, University Hospital of Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
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Scagliotti GV, Selvaggi G. Antimetabolites and cancer: emerging data with a focus on antifolates. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006; 16:189-200. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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