1
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Tian Y, Zhou Y, Chen F, Qian S, Hu X, Zhang B, Liu Q. Research progress in MCM family: Focus on the tumor treatment resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116408. [PMID: 38479176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors constitute a significant category of diseases posing a severe threat to human survival and health, thereby representing one of the most challenging and pressing issues in the field of biomedical research. Due to their malignant nature, which is characterized by a high potential for metastasis, rapid dissemination, and frequent recurrence, the prevailing approach in clinical oncology involves a comprehensive treatment strategy that combines surgery with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted drug therapies, and other interventions. Treatment resistance remains a major obstacle in the comprehensive management of tumors, serving as a primary cause for the failure of integrated tumor therapies and a critical factor contributing to patient relapse and mortality. The Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) protein family comprises functional proteins closely associated with the development of resistance in tumor therapy.The influence of MCMs manifests through various pathways, encompassing modulation of DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. Consequently, this leads to an enhanced tolerance of tumor cells to chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and radiation. Consequently, this review explores the specific roles of the MCM family in various cancer treatment strategies. Its objective is to enhance our comprehension of resistance mechanisms in tumor therapy, thereby presenting novel targets for clinical research aimed at overcoming resistance in cancer treatment. This bears substantial clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic School of Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic School of Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Siyi Qian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic School of Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xingming Hu
- The 1st Department of Thoracic Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic School of Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
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2
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Song H, Shen R, Mahasin H, Guo Y, Wang D. DNA replication: Mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e210. [PMID: 36776764 PMCID: PMC9899494 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and integral cellular DNA replication is modulated by multiple replication-associated proteins, which is fundamental to preserve genome stability. Furthermore, replication proteins cooperate with multiple DNA damage factors to deal with replication stress through mechanisms beyond their role in replication. Cancer cells with chronic replication stress exhibit aberrant DNA replication and DNA damage response, providing an exploitable therapeutic target in tumors. Numerous evidence has indicated that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of replication proteins present distinct functions in DNA replication and respond to replication stress. In addition, abundant replication proteins are involved in tumorigenesis and development, which act as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in some tumors, implying these proteins act as therapeutic targets in clinical. Replication-target cancer therapy emerges as the times require. In this context, we outline the current investigation of the DNA replication mechanism, and simultaneously enumerate the aberrant expression of replication proteins as hallmark for various diseases, revealing their therapeutic potential for target therapy. Meanwhile, we also discuss current observations that the novel PTM of replication proteins in response to replication stress, which seems to be a promising strategy to eliminate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Yun Song
- School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Rong Shen
- School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Hamid Mahasin
- School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Ya‐Nan Guo
- School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - De‐Gui Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
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3
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Zeng L, Liu XY, Miao L, Chen K, Xu H, Qin LJ, Li M, Liu K, Feng J, Wang HY. Risk model based on minichromosome maintenance 2 using objective assessment for predicting survival of neuroblastoma. iScience 2023; 26:105974. [PMID: 36756367 PMCID: PMC9900501 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant minichromosome maintenance (MCM) expression is associated with tumorigenesis. Here, we performed immunohistochemistry integrated with digital pathology to identify MCM2/5/6 expression in 130 neuroblastoma patients. A risk score was established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator that predicts outcomes according to MCM2 expression, age, and the International Neuroblastoma Staging System in the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) dataset (n = 150), where the patients with high risk had significantly worse prognosis that was validated in a hospital-based cohort (n = 130). After multivariable adjustment, the risk model remained an independent factor for survival in the TARGET cohort (overall survival [OS]: hazard ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-4.0; event-free survival [EFS]: HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.1) and for OS in the validation cohort (HR 8.3, 95% CI 1.6-44.5). The ESTIMATE indicates that the risk model is negatively correlated with low ESTIMATE and stromal scores. These findings show the additive nature of this score, fostering its future implementation with new prognostic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Medical Center for South Central Region, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China,Corresponding author
| | - Xiao-Yun Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Medical Center for South Central Region, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Medical Center for South Central Region, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jun Qin
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Medical Center for South Central Region, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Cells Vision (Guangzhou) Medical Technology Inc., Guangzhou 510320, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Cells Vision (Guangzhou) Medical Technology Inc., Guangzhou 510320, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Medical Center for South Central Region, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China,Corresponding author
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4
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Jin S, Park JH, Yun HJ, Oh YN, Oh S, Choi YH, Kim BW, Kwon HJ. Cedrol, a Sesquiterpene Isolated from Juniperus chinensis, Inhibits Human Colorectal Tumor Growth associated through Downregulation of Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:221-228. [PMID: 36713942 PMCID: PMC9836914 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.4.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cedrol, a sesquiterpene alcohol, isolated from Juniperus chinensis has been reported to inhibit minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins as cancer biomarkers in human lung cancer in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of cedrol in vitro and in vivo using human colorectal cancer HT29 cells and a human colorectal tumor xenograft model. Cedrol inhibited MCM protein expression and cell growth in HT29 cells, which are associated with G1 arrest and the induction of apoptosis. We demonstrated that cedrol effectively reduced HT29 tumor growth without apparent weight loss in a human tumor xenograft model. Compared with vehicle- and adriamycin-treated tumor tissues, cedrol induced changes in the tumor tissue structure, resulting in a reduced cell density within the tumor parenchyma and reduced vascularization. Moreover, the expression of MCM7, an important subunit of MCM helicase, was significantly suppressed by cedrol in tumor tissue. Collectively, these results suggest that cedrol may act as a potential anti-cancer agent for colorectal cancer by inhibiting MCM protein expression and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Jin
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung-ha Park
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Department of Biopharmaceutics, Dong-eui University Graduate School, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yun
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Department of Biopharmaceutics, Dong-eui University Graduate School, Busan, Korea
| | - You Na Oh
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seunghye Oh
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Dong-eui University Graduate School, Busan, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Department of Biopharmaceutics, Dong-eui University Graduate School, Busan, Korea,Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Byung Woo Kim, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-1074
| | - Hyun Ju Kwon
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Department of Biopharmaceutics, Dong-eui University Graduate School, Busan, Korea,Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea,Correspondence to Hyun Ju Kwon, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-0906
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Mukherjee S, Das S, Sriram N, Chakraborty S, Sah MK. In silico investigation of the role of vitamins in cancer therapy through inhibition of MCM7 oncoprotein. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31004-31015. [PMID: 36349041 PMCID: PMC9619486 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An overabundance of MCM7 protein, a component of the minichromosome maintenance complex that normally initiates DNA replication, has been reported to cause different types of cancers with aggressive malignancy. Inhibition of MCM7 may lead to a significant reduction in cancer-associated cell proliferation. Despite such significance of MCM7 in cancer, the protein structure is yet to be resolved experimentally. This significantly halts the structure-guided ligand designing for cancer therapy targeting the MCM7. The present study aims to resolve the tertiary structure of MCM7 and repurpose the FDA-approved clinically used drugs for cancer therapy by targeting MCM7 protein. The secondary and 3D structures of MCM7 were generated using multiple bioinformatics tools, including the Self-Optimized Prediction Method with Alignment (SOPMA), SWISS-MODEL, and I-TASSER. The reliability of the modeled structure was assessed using PROCHECK. Initially, a structure-guided virtual screening was performed on the approved drug library to identify potential hits against MCM7. The detailed molecular mechanism of receptor interactions of the identified hits was evaluated using extensive molecular dynamics simulation. The results from this study reveal an intriguing discovery of the potential of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), ergosterol (precursor of vitamin D2) and menaquinone (vitamin K2) as oncoprotein inhibitors for cancer therapy via inhibition of MCM7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharPunjab-144011India
| | - Sucharita Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta35 BallygungeKolkata700 019India
| | - Navneeth Sriram
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharPunjab-144011India,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahatiAssam-781039India
| | - Sandipan Chakraborty
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad CampusGachibowliHyderabad 500046India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Sah
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharPunjab-144011India
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6
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Samad A, Huq MA, Rahman MS. Bioinformatics approaches identified dasatinib and bortezomib inhibit the activity of MCM7 protein as a potential treatment against human cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1539. [PMID: 35087187 PMCID: PMC8795118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7 (MCM7) is a key component of the DNA replication licensing factor and hexamer MCM (MCM2-7) complex that regulates the DNA replication process. The MCM7 protein is associated with tumor cell proliferation that plays an important role in different human cancer progression. As the protein is highly expressed during the cancer development process, therefore, inhibition of the protein can be utilized as a treatment option for different human cancer. However, the study aimed to identify potential small molecular drug candidates against the MCM7 protein that can utilize treatment options for human cancer. Initially, the compounds identified from protein-drugs network analysis have been retrieved from NetworkAnalyst v3.0 server and screened through molecular docking, MM-GBSA, DFT, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. Two compounds namely Dasatinib (CID_3062316) and Bortezomib (CID_387447) have been identified throughout the screening process, which have the highest negative binding affinity (Kcal/mol) and binding free energy (Kcal/mol). The pharmacokinetics and toxicity analysis identified drug-like properties and no toxicity properties of the compounds, where 500 ns MD simulation confirmed structural stability of the two compounds to the targeted proteins. Therefore, we can conclude that the compounds dasatinib and bortezomib can inhibit the activity of the MCM7 and can be developed as a treatment option against human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Samad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
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7
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da Silva CN, Dourado LFN, Silva LM, de Lima AB, de Lima ME, Silva-Cunha A, Fialho SL. Pathophysiological Effects of Lycosa erythrognatha Derived Peptide LyeTxI-b on RKO-AS-45-1 Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line Using the Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Model. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Alshahrani MY, Alshahrani KM, Tasleem M, Akeel A, Almeleebia TM, Ahmad I, Asiri M, Alshahrani NA, Alabdallah NM, Saeed M. Computational Screening of Natural Compounds for Identification of Potential Anti-Cancer Agents Targeting MCM7 Protein. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195878. [PMID: 34641424 PMCID: PMC8510405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) is involved in replicative licensing and the synthesis of DNA, and its overexpression is a fascinating biomarker for various cancer types. There is currently no effective agent that can prevent the development of cancer caused by the MCM7 protein. However, on the molecular level, inhibiting MCM7 lowers cancer-related cellular growth. With this purpose, this study screened 452 biogenic compounds extracted from the UEFS Natural Products dataset against MCM protein by using the in silico art of technique. The hit compounds UEFS99, UEFS137, and UEFS428 showed good binding with the MCM7 protein with binding energy values of −9.95, −8.92, and −8.71 kcal/mol, which was comparatively higher than that of the control compound ciprofloxacin (−6.50). The hit (UEFS99) with the minimum binding energy was picked for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation investigation, and it demonstrated stability at 30 ns. Computational prediction of physicochemical property evaluation revealed that these hits are non-toxic and have good drug-likeness features. It is suggested that hit compounds UEFS99, UEFS137, and UEFS428 pave the way for further bench work validation in novel inhibitor development against MCM7 to fight the cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Kholoud M. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University Abha, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Arshiya Akeel
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Tahani M. Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Najla A. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University Abha, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55425, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.)
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Wang X, Zhang L, Song Y, Jiang Y, Zhang D, Wang R, Hu T, Han S. MCM8 is regulated by EGFR signaling and promotes the growth of glioma stem cells through its interaction with DNA-replication-initiating factors. Oncogene 2021; 40:4615-4624. [PMID: 34131285 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are critical components of DNA-replication-licensing factors. MCM8 is an MCM protein that exhibits oncogenic functions in several human malignancies. However, the role of MCM8 in glioblastomas (GBMs) has remained unclear. In the present study, we investigated the biological functions and mechanisms of MCM8 in glioma stem cells (GSCs). The clinical relevance of MCM8 mRNA expression was explored via TCGA and REMBRANDT datasets. The effects of MCM8 on the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of GSCs were examined both in vitro and in vivo. The regulation of MCM8 expression and its interacting proteins were also evaluated. We found that the expression of MCM8 was elevated in high-grade gliomas and classical molecular subtypes and was inversely correlated with patient prognosis. GSCs had a significantly higher expression of MCM8 compared with that in normal glioma cells. Silencing of MCM8 induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis, as well as inhibited the proliferation and self-renewal of GSCs. Forced expression of MCM8 enhanced clonogenicity of GSCs both in vitro and in vivo. MCM8 expression was regulated by EGFR signaling, which was mediated by NF-κB (p65). MCM8 interacted with DNA-replication-initiating factors-including EZH2, CDC6, and CDCA2-and influenced these factors to associate with chromatin. In addition, MCM8 knockdown increased the sensitivity of GSCs to radiation and TMZ treatments. Our findings suggest that MCM8, regulated by the EGFR pathway, maintains the clonogenic and tumorigenic potential of GSCs through interaction with DNA-replication-initiating factors; hence, MCM8 may represent a novel therapeutic target in GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifu Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Run Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianhao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Zhao M, Wang Y, Jiang C, Wang Q, Mi J, Zhang Y, Zuo L, Geng Z, Song X, Ge S, Li J, Wen H, Wang J, Wang Z, Su F. miR-107 regulates the effect of MCM7 on the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer via the PAK2 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114610. [PMID: 34010598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Microchromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7), a DNA replication permitting factor, plays an essential role in initiating DNA replication. MCM7 is reported to be involved in tumor formation and progression, whereas the expression profile and molecular function of MCM7 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical significance and biological function of MCM7 in CRC and investigated whether MCM7 can be used for a differential diagnosis in CRC and whether it may serve as a more sensitive proliferation marker for CRC evaluation. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of MCM7 was performed in a total of 89 specimens, and high MCM7 expression levels were associated with worse overall survival (OS) in CRC patients. Furthermore, the cell functional test suggested that lentivirus-mediated silencing of MCM7 with shRNA in CRC cells significantly inhibited cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, mechanistic studies further demonstrated that P21-activated protein kinase 2 (PAK2) was regulated by MCM7 via microarray analysis and cell functional recovery tests, and miR-107 played a role in regulating expression MCM7 via miRNA microarray analysis and 3'UTR reporter assays. Taken together, our results suggest that the miR-107/MCM7/PAK2 pathway may participate in cancer progression and that MCM7 may serve as a prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chenchen Jiang
- Cancer Neurobiology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Network Information Center, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hexin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Fang Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China.
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11
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Grzegrzolka J, Olbromski M, Gomulkiewicz A, Piotrowska A, Glatzel-Plucinska N, Ratajczak K, Sputa-Grzegrzolka P, Rzechonek A, Werynska B, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. Role of tesmin expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:48. [PMID: 33281959 PMCID: PMC7709552 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the most frequent cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Tesmin (MTL5) is a 60 kDa protein which has cysteine rich motifs, characteristic of metallothioneins. Tesmin expression was first observed in germ cells during spermatogenesis. Increased tesmin expression in NSCLC has been described previously. Minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) serve a critical role in replication and cell cycle progression, i.e. in NSCLC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the localization and intensity of tesmin, MCM5 and MCM7 protein expression in NSCLC and their association with the clinicopathological data of patients. Archival paraffin blocks of 243 cases of NSCLC and 104 non-cancerous tissue samples from the surgical margin (control) were obtained from patients treated at the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery of Wroclaw Medical University (Wroclaw, Poland) between 2010 and 2016, and were used for tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical (IHC) experiments. Laser capture microdissection was used for the isolation of cancer cells from 36 frozen samples of NSCLC and 8 control samples, and subsequently, MTL5, MCM5 and MCM7 mRNA expression was detected separately by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Positive cytoplasmic and nuclear tesmin, as well as nuclear MCM5 and MCM7 IHC expression were observed in 95.1, 83.67, 95.51 and 100% of the NSCLC cases, respectively. MTL5, MCM5 and MCM7 mRNA expression was observed in 91.66% of the cancer cases for all genes. The statistical analysis revealed increased tesmin IHC expression in cancer cells compared with the control. A positive correlation was observed between the IHC expression of nuclear tesmin and MCM5 proteins (r=0.33; P<0.0001) and nuclear tesmin and MCM7 proteins (r=0.315; P<0.0001). In addition, a positive correlation between the mRNA expression levels of MTL5 and MCM5 (r=0.421; P<0.05), MTL5 and MCM7 (r=0.557; P<0.01) was demonstrated. The survival analysis revealed that the presence of IHC cytoplasmic tesmin expression was a positive prognostic marker in NSCLC (P=0.0524). Furthermore, in vitro experiments performed on the NCI-H1703 cell line revealed that silencing of MTL5 mRNA and tesmin caused the downregulation of the expression levels of MCM5 and MCM7 and decreased the number of cells in the G2 phase. A positive association among tesmin, MCM5 and MCM7 could indicate a possible role of tesmin in the proliferation of NSCLC cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedrzej Grzegrzolka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomulkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Werynska
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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MCM family in gastrointestinal cancer and other malignancies: From functional characterization to clinical implication. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188415. [PMID: 32822825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in cancer research and treatment, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain the most common deadly disease worldwide. The aberrant DNA replication serves as a major source of genomic instability and enhances cell proliferation that contributes to tumor initiation and progression. Minichromosome maintenance family (MCMs) is a well-recognized group of proteins responsible for DNA synthesis. Recent studies suggested that dysregulated MCMs lead to tumor initiation, progression, and chemoresistance via modulating cell cycle and DNA replication stress. Their underlying mechanisms in various cancer types have been gradually identified. Furthermore, multiple studies have investigated the association between MCMs expression and clinicopathological features of cancer patients, implying that MCMs might serve as prominent prognostic biomarkers for GI cancers. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the oncogenic role of MCM proteins and highlights their clinical implications in various malignancies, especially in GI cancers. Targeting MCMs might shed light on the potential for identifying novel therapeutic strategies.
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13
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Reduced replication origin licensing selectively kills KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells via mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:499. [PMID: 32612138 PMCID: PMC7330027 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To unravel vulnerabilities of KRAS-mutant CRC cells, a shRNA-based screen specifically inhibiting MAPK pathway components and targets was performed in CaCo2 cells harboring conditional oncogenic KRASG12V. The custom-designed shRNA library comprised 121 selected genes, which were previously identified to be strongly regulated in response to MEK inhibition. The screen showed that CaCo2 cells expressing KRASG12V were sensitive to the suppression of the DNA replication licensing factor minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7), whereas KRASwt CaCo2 cells were largely resistant to MCM7 suppression. Similar results were obtained in an isogenic DLD-1 cell culture model. Knockdown of MCM7 in a KRAS-mutant background led to replication stress as indicated by increased nuclear RPA focalization. Further investigation showed a significant increase in mitotic cells after simultaneous MCM7 knockdown and KRASG12V expression. The increased percentage of mitotic cells coincided with strongly increased DNA damage in mitosis. Taken together, the accumulation of DNA damage in mitotic cells is due to replication stress that remained unresolved, which results in mitotic catastrophe and cell death. In summary, the data show a vulnerability of KRAS-mutant cells towards suppression of MCM7 and suggest that inhibiting DNA replication licensing might be a viable strategy to target KRAS-mutant cancers.
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14
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Tessier-Cloutier B, Cochrane DR, Karnezis AN, Colborne S, Magrill J, Talhouk A, Zhang J, Leung S, Hughes CS, Piskorz A, Cheng AS, Greening K, du Bois A, Pfisterer J, Soslow RA, Kommoss S, Brenton JD, Morin GB, Gilks CB, Huntsman DG, Kommoss F. Proteomic analysis of transitional cell carcinoma-like variant of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2020; 101:40-52. [PMID: 32360491 PMCID: PMC8204941 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current World Health Organization classification does not distinguish transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary (TCC) from conventional tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), despite evidence suggesting improved prognosis for patients with TCC; instead, it is considered a morphologic variant of HGSC. The immunohistochemical (IHC) markers applied to date do not distinguish between TCC and HGSC. Therefore, we sought to compare the proteomic profiles of TCC and conventional HGSC to identify proteins enriched in TCC. Prognostic biomarkers in HGSC have proven to be elusive, and our aim was to identify biomarkers of TCC as a way of reliably and reproducibly identifying patients with a favorable prognosis and better response to chemotherapy compared with those with conventional HGSC. Quantitative global proteome analysis was performed on archival material of 12 cases of TCC and 16 cases of HGSC using SP3 (single-pot, solid phase-enhanced, sample preparation)-Clinical Tissue Proteomics, a recently described protocol for full-proteome analysis from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. We identified 430 proteins that were significantly enriched in TCC over HGSC. Unsupervised co-clustering perfectly distinguished TCC from HGSC based on protein expression. Pathway analysis showed that proteins associated with cell death, necrosis, and apoptosis were highly expressed in TCCs, whereas proteins associated with DNA homologous recombination, cell mitosis, proliferation and survival, and cell cycle progression pathways had reduced expression. From the proteomic analysis, three potential biomarkers for TCC were identified, claudin-4 (CLDN4), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1), and minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7), and tested by IHC analysis on tissue microarrays. In agreement with the proteomic analysis, IHC expression of those proteins was stronger in TCC than in HGSC (p < 0.0001). Using global proteomic analysis, we are able to distinguish TCC from conventional HGSC. Follow-up studies will be necessary to confirm that these molecular and morphologic differences are clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Tessier-Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dawn R Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Shane Colborne
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jamie Magrill
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aline Talhouk
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Anna Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela S Cheng
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kendall Greening
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert A Soslow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Friedrich Kommoss
- Institute of Pathology, Medizin Campus Bodensee, Friedrichshafen, Germany.
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15
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Yang Y, Ma S, Ye Z, Zhou X. MCM7 silencing promotes cutaneous melanoma cell autophagy and apoptosis by inactivating the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:1283-1294. [PMID: 31535400 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has become a major public health concern. Studies illustrate that minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) participate in various diseases including skin disease. Our study aimed to study the effects of MCM7 silencing on CM cell autophagy and apoptosis by modulating the AKT threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling pathway. Initially, microarray analysis was used to screen the CM-related gene expression data as well as differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, MCM7 expression vector and lentivirus RNA used for MCM7 silencing (LV-shRNA-MCM7) were constructed, and these vectors, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and AKT activator SC79 were then introduced into CM cell line SK-MEL-2 to validate the role of MCM7 in cell autophagy, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. To further investigate the regulatory mechanisms of MCM7 in CM progress, the expression of MCM7, AKT1, mTOR, cyclin D1, as well as autophagy and apoptosis relative factors, such as LC3B, SOD2, DJ-1, p62, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in melanoma cells was determined. MCM7 might mediate the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway to influence the progress of melanoma. MCM7 silencing contributed to the increased expression of Bax, capase-3, and autophagy-related genes (LC3B, SOD2, and DJ-1), but decreased the expression of Bcl-2, which suggested that MCM7 silencing promoted autophagy and cell apoptosis. At the same time, MCM7 silencing also attenuated cell viability, invasion, and migration, and reduced the cyclin D1 expression and protein levels of p-AKT1 and p-mTOR. Taken together, MCM7 silencing inhibited CM via inactivation of the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemei Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Baoshihua Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi Ye
- College of Information and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania
| | - Xianyi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Wang HY, Zhang B, Zhou JN, Wang DX, Xu YC, Zeng Q, Jia YL, Xi JF, Nan X, He LJ, Yue W, Pei XT. Arsenic trioxide inhibits liver cancer stem cells and metastasis by targeting SRF/MCM7 complex. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:453. [PMID: 31186405 PMCID: PMC6560089 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high mortality rate due to the lack of effective treatments and drugs. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), which has been proved to successfully treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), was recently reported to show therapeutic potential in solid tumors including HCC. However, its anticancer mechanisms in HCC still need further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that ATO inhibits tumorigenesis and distant metastasis in mouse models, corresponding with a prolonged mice survival time. Also, ATO was found to significantly decrease the cancer stem cell (CSC)-associated traits. Minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM) 7 was further identified to be a potential target suppressed dramatically by ATO, of which protein expression is increased in patients and significantly correlated with tumor size, cellular differentiation, portal venous emboli, and poor patient survival. Moreover, MCM7 knockdown recapitulates the effects of ATO on CSCs and metastasis, while ectopic expression of MCM7 abolishes them. Mechanistically, our results suggested that ATO suppresses MCM7 transcription by targeting serum response factor (SRF)/MCM7 complex, which functions as an important transcriptional regulator modulating MCM7 expression. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of ATO in the treatment of solid tumors. The identification of SRF/MCM7 complex as a target of ATO provides new insights into ATO’s mechanism, which may benefit the appropriate use of this agent in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jun-Nian Zhou
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China. .,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China. .,Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Dong-Xing Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Ying-Chen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Ya-Li Jia
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China.,Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jia-Fei Xi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xue Nan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Li-Juan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China. .,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Xue-Tao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China. .,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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17
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Ngo M, Wechter N, Tsai E, Shun TY, Gough A, Schurdak ME, Schwacha A, Vogt A. A High-Throughput Assay for DNA Replication Inhibitors Based upon Multivariate Analysis of Yeast Growth Kinetics. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:669-681. [PMID: 30802412 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219829740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mcm2-7 is the molecular motor of eukaryotic replicative helicase, and the regulation of this complex is a major focus of cellular S-phase regulation. Despite its cellular importance, few small-molecule inhibitors of this complex are known. Based upon our genetic analysis of synthetic growth defects between mcm alleles and a range of other alleles, we have developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay using a well-characterized mcm mutant (containing the mcm2DENQ allele) to identify small molecules that replicate such synthetic growth defects. During assay development, we found that aphidicolin (inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha) and XL413 (inhibitor of the DNA replication-dependent kinase CDC7) preferentially inhibited growth of the mcm2DENQ strain relative to the wild-type parental strain. However, as both strains demonstrated some degree of growth inhibition with these compounds, small and variable assay windows can result. To increase assay sensitivity and reproducibility, we developed a strategy combining the analysis of cell growth kinetics with linear discriminant analysis (LDA). We found that LDA greatly improved assay performance and captured a greater range of synthetic growth inhibition phenotypes, yielding a versatile analysis platform conforming to HTS requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Ngo
- 1 Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nick Wechter
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Tsai
- 3 Apollo Medical Optics, Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Tong Ying Shun
- 1 Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- 1 Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark E Schurdak
- 1 Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony Schwacha
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andreas Vogt
- 1 Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Zhu F, Qian X, Wang Z. Molecular characterization of minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM7) in Scylla paramamosain and its role in white spot syndrome virus and Vibrio alginolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:104-114. [PMID: 30205202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM7) is a member of the MCM protein family which participates in the MCM complex by playing a role in the cell replication cycle and chromosome initiation in eukaryotes. The 2270 bp cDNA sequence of MCM7, including a 2127-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 709-aa protein, was cloned from Scylla paramamosain using RT-PCR and RACE. Data showed that MCM7 was highly expressed in the digestive organ and hepatopancreas of S. paramamosain. Furthermore, MCM7 expression was down-regulated by infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio alginolyticus. When MCM7 was knocked down, immune genes such as Janus kinase (JAK) and crustin antimicrobial peptide (CAP) were down-regulated, and C-type-lectin (CTL) was up-regulated in hemocytes. The mortality of WSSV-infected or V. alginolyticus-infected crabs was enhanced following MCM7 knockdown. It was demonstrated that MCM7 is very important in the progression of WSSV and V. alginolyticus infection. We also investigated the effect of MCM7 on apoptosis rate and phagocytic rate in S. paramamosain. MCM7 knockdown caused higher levels of apoptosis in the hemocytes of the control, WSSV, and V. alginolyticus groups. MCM7 knockdown influenced the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total hemocyte count (THC) after infection with WSSV or V. alginolyticus, which indicated that MCM7 plays a regulatory role in innate immunity of crabs. Thus, we conclude that MCM7 may participate in the anti-WSSV and V. alginolyticus immune response in crabs by regulating apoptosis and the activity of PO and SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Xiyi Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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19
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Majerska J, Feretzaki M, Glousker G, Lingner J. Transformation-induced stress at telomeres is counteracted through changes in the telomeric proteome including SAMHD1. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800121. [PMID: 30456372 PMCID: PMC6238619 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors apply telomeric chromatin analysis to identify factors that accumulate at telomeres during cellular transformation, promoting telomere replication and repair and counteracting oncogene-borne telomere replication stress. Telomeres play crucial roles during tumorigenesis, inducing cellular senescence upon telomere shortening and extensive chromosome instability during telomere crisis. However, it has not been investigated if and how cellular transformation and oncogenic stress alter telomeric chromatin composition and function. Here, we transform human fibroblasts by consecutive transduction with vectors expressing hTERT, the SV40 early region, and activated H-RasV12. Pairwise comparisons of the telomeric proteome during different stages of transformation reveal up-regulation of proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and replication at chromosome ends. Depletion of several of these proteins induces telomere fragility, indicating their roles in replication of telomeric DNA. Depletion of SAMHD1, which has reported roles in DNA resection and homology-directed repair, leads to telomere breakage events in cells deprived of the shelterin component TRF1. Thus, our analysis identifies factors, which accumulate at telomeres during cellular transformation to promote telomere replication and repair, resisting oncogene-borne telomere replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Majerska
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Feretzaki
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Galina Glousker
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Lingner
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Abstract
Recently published structural and functional analyses of the CMG complex have provided insight into the mechanism of its DNA helicase function and into the distinct roles of its central six component proteins MCM2-MCM7 (MCM2-7). To activate CMG helicase, the two protein kinases CDK and DDK, as well as MCM10, are required. In addition to the initiation of DNA replication, MCM function must be regulated at the DNA replication steps of elongation and termination. Polyubiquitylation of MCM7 is involved in terminating MCM function. Reinitiation of DNA replication in a single cell cycle, which is prevented mainly by CDK, is understood at the molecular level. MCM2-7 gene expression is regulated during cellular aging and the cell cycle, and the expression depends on oxygen concentration. These regulatory processes have been described recently. Genomic structural alteration, which is an essential element in cancer progression, is mainly generated by disruptions of DNA replication fork structures. A point mutation in MCM4 that disturbs MCM2-7 function results in genomic instability, leading to the generation of cancer cells. In this review, I focus on the following points: 1) function of the MCM2-7 complex, 2) activation of MCM2-7 helicase, 3) regulation of MCM2-7 function, 4) MCM2-7 expression, and 5) the role of MCM mutation in cancer progression.
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21
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Champeris Tsaniras S, Villiou M, Giannou AD, Nikou S, Petropoulos M, Pateras IS, Tserou P, Karousi F, Lalioti ME, Gorgoulis VG, Patmanidi AL, Stathopoulos GT, Bravou V, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. Geminin ablation in vivo enhances tumorigenesis through increased genomic instability. J Pathol 2018; 246:134-140. [PMID: 29952003 DOI: 10.1002/path.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Geminin, a DNA replication licensing inhibitor, ensures faithful DNA replication in vertebrates. Several studies have shown that geminin depletion in vitro results in rereplication and DNA damage, whereas increased expression of geminin has been observed in human cancers. However, conditional inactivation of geminin during embryogenesis has not revealed any detectable DNA replication defects. In order to examine its role in vivo, we conditionally inactivated geminin in the murine colon and lung, and assessed chemically induced carcinogenesis. We show here that mice lacking geminin develop a significantly higher number of tumors and bear a larger tumor burden than sham-treated controls in urethane-induced lung and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colon carcinogenesis. Survival is also significantly reduced in mice lacking geminin during lung carcinogenesis. A significant increase in the total number and grade of lesions (hyperplasias, adenomas, and carcinomas) was also confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, increased genomic aberrations, identified by increased ATR and γH2AX expression, was detected with immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, we analyzed geminin expression in human colon cancer, and found increased expression, as well as a positive correlation with ATM/ATR levels and a non-monotonic association with γH2AX. Taken together, our data demonstrate that geminin acts as a tumor suppressor by safeguarding genome stability, whereas its overexpression is also associated with genomic instability. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Villiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastassios D Giannou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Tserou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Foteini Karousi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Lalioti
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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22
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Güzel C, Govorukhina NI, Wisman GBA, Stingl C, Dekker LJM, Klip HG, Hollema H, Guryev V, Horvatovich PL, van der Zee AGJ, Bischoff R, Luider TM. Proteomic alterations in early stage cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18128-18147. [PMID: 29719595 PMCID: PMC5915062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) allows the capture of cell types or well-defined structures in tissue. We compared in a semi-quantitative way the proteomes from an equivalent of 8,000 tumor cells from patients with squamous cell cervical cancer (SCC, n = 22) with healthy epithelial and stromal cells obtained from normal cervical tissue (n = 13). Proteins were enzymatically digested into peptides which were measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry and analyzed by “all-or-nothing” analysis, Bonferroni, and Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing. By comparing LCM cell type preparations, 31 proteins were exclusively found in early stage cervical cancer (n = 11) when compared with healthy epithelium and stroma, based on criteria that address specificity in a restrictive “all-or-nothing” way. By Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, 30 proteins were significantly up-regulated between early stage cervical cancer and healthy control, including six members of the MCM protein family. MCM proteins are involved in DNA repair and expected to be participating in the early stage of cancer. After a less stringent Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, we found that the abundances of 319 proteins were significantly different between early stage cervical cancer and healthy controls. Four proteins were confirmed in digests of whole tissue lysates by Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis using correction for multiple testing by permutation resulted in two networks that were differentially regulated in early stage cervical cancer compared with healthy tissue. From these networks, we learned that specific tumor mechanisms become effective during the early stage of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coşkun Güzel
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia I Govorukhina
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Stingl
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard J M Dekker
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Harry G Klip
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Hollema
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Ate G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
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23
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Seo YS, Kang YH. The Human Replicative Helicase, the CMG Complex, as a Target for Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:26. [PMID: 29651420 PMCID: PMC5885281 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases unwind or rearrange duplex DNA during replication, recombination and repair. Helicases of many pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been studied as potential therapeutic targets to treat infectious diseases, and human DNA helicases as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. DNA replication machineries perform essential tasks duplicating genome in every cell cycle, and one of the important functions of these machineries are played by DNA helicases. Replicative helicases are usually multi-subunit protein complexes, and the minimal complex active as eukaryotic replicative helicase is composed of 11 subunits, requiring a functional assembly of two subcomplexes and one protein. The hetero-hexameric MCM2-7 helicase is activated by forming a complex with Cdc45 and the hetero-tetrameric GINS complex; the Cdc45-Mcm2-7-GINS (CMG) complex. The CMG complex can be a potential target for a treatment of cancer and the feasibility of this replicative helicase as a therapeutic target has been tested recently. Several different strategies have been implemented and are under active investigations to interfere with helicase activity of the CMG complex. This review focuses on the molecular function of the CMG helicase during DNA replication and its relevance to cancers based on data published in the literature. In addition, current efforts made to identify small molecules inhibiting the CMG helicase to develop anti-cancer therapeutic strategies were summarized, with new perspectives to advance the discovery of the CMG-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Soo Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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24
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Kranjec C, Holleywood C, Libert D, Griffin H, Mahmood R, Isaacson E, Doorbar J. Modulation of basal cell fate during productive and transforming HPV-16 infection is mediated by progressive E6-driven depletion of Notch. J Pathol 2017; 242:448-462. [PMID: 28497579 PMCID: PMC5601300 DOI: 10.1002/path.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In stratified epithelia such as the epidermis, homeostasis is maintained by the proliferation of cells in the lower epithelial layers and the concomitant loss of differentiated cells from the epithelial surface. These differentiating keratinocytes progressively stratify and form a self‐regenerating multi‐layered barrier that protects the underlying dermis. In such tissue, the continual loss and replacement of differentiated cells also limits the accumulation of oncogenic mutations within the tissue. Inactivating mutations in key driver genes, such as TP53 and NOTCH1, reduce the proportion of differentiating cells allowing for the long‐term persistence of expanding mutant clones in the tissue. Here we show that through the expression of E6, HPV‐16 prevents the early fate commitment of human keratinocytes towards differentiation and confers a strong growth advantage to human keratinocytes. When E6 is expressed either alone or with E7, it promotes keratinocyte proliferation at high cell densities, through the combined inactivation of p53 and Notch1. In organotypic raft culture, the activity of E6 is restricted to the basal layer of the epithelium and is enhanced during the progression from productive to abortive or transforming HPV‐16 infection. Consistent with this, the expression of p53 and cleaved Notch1 becomes progressively more disrupted, and is associated with increased basal cell density and reduced commitment to differentiation. The expression of cleaved Notch1 is similarly disrupted also in HPV‐16‐positive cervical lesions, depending on neoplastic grade. When taken together, these data depict an important role of high‐risk E6 in promoting the persistence of infected keratinocytes in the basal and parabasal layers through the inactivation of gene products that are commonly mutated in non‐HPV‐associated neoplastic squamous epithelia. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kranjec
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Christina Holleywood
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Diane Libert
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather Griffin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Radma Mahmood
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Erin Isaacson
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
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25
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Neves H, Kwok HF. In sickness and in health: The many roles of the minichromosome maintenance proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:295-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Yang JY, Li D, Zhang Y, Guan BX, Gao P, Zhou XC, Zhou CJ. The Expression of MCM7 is a Useful Biomarker in the Early Diagnostic of Gastric Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:367-372. [PMID: 28540486 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) in gastric mucosal lesions, further to find its potential effect as a biomarker to distinguish intraepithelial neoplasia from gastric mucosal lesions. MCM7 and Ki67 were detected in 93 cases of gastric mucosal lesions by immunohistochemistry. MCM7 and Ki67 expression in GT were lowest compared with other groups (P<0.001), meanwhile there were significant differences compared with Group IM and other groups in MCM7 and Ki67 expression (P<0.001). MCM7 and Ki67 expression in GSC were highest (P<0.05). Groups of LGN, HGN and GIC had no significant differences in MCM7 expression (P>0.05), but there was significant difference compared with Group LGN and Group GIC in Ki67 expression (P<0.05). MCM7 expression elevated with tumor grade increasing and had positive correlation with Ki67 significantly (r=0.940, P<0.001). Furthermore, in some cases, some tumor cells were immunoreactive to MCM7 but negative to Ki67. So we concluded that MCM7 is helpful for us to make differential diagnosis in pathological grade, MCM7 combination of Ki67 may serve as more sensitive proliferation markers for evaluation of gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247#, BeiYuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Center of Evidence-based Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247#, BeiYuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Xin Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247#, BeiYuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gao
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717#, Jinbu Road, Muping District, Yantai, Shandong, 264100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Chen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247#, BeiYuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247#, BeiYuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Tatsumi R, Ishimi Y. An MCM4 mutation detected in cancer cells affects MCM4/6/7 complex formation. J Biochem 2017; 161:259-268. [PMID: 27794528 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An MCM4 mutation detected in human cancer cells from endometrium was characterized. The mutation of G486D is located within MCM-box and the glycine at 486 in human MCM4 is conserved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM4 and Sulfolobus solfataricus MCM. This MCM4 mutation affected human MCM4/6/7 complex formation, since the complex containing the mutant MCM4 protein is unstable and the mutant MCM4 protein is tend to be degraded. It is likely that the MCM4 mutation affects the interaction with MCM7 to destabilize the MCM4/6/7 complex. Cells with abnormal nuclear morphology were detected when the mutant MCM4 was expressed in HeLa cells, suggesting that DNA replication was perturbed in the presence of the mutant MCM4. Role of the conserved amino acid in MCM4 function is discussed.
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28
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Oncogenic activity of amplified miniature chromosome maintenance 8 in human malignancies. Oncogene 2017; 36:3629-3639. [PMID: 28481876 PMCID: PMC5481462 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Miniature chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins play critical roles in DNA replication licensing, initiation and elongation. MCM8, one of the MCM proteins playing a critical role in DNA repairing and recombination, was found to have over-expression and increased DNA copy number in a variety of human malignancies. The gain of MCM8 is associated with aggressive clinical features of several human cancers. Increased expression of MCM8 in prostate cancer is associated with cancer recurrence. Forced expression of MCM8 in RWPE1 cells, the immortalized but non-transformed prostate epithelial cell line, exhibited fast cell growth and transformation, while knocked down of MCM8 in PC3, DU145 and LNCaP cells induced cell growth arrest, and decreased tumor volumes and mortality of severe combined immunodeficiency mice xenografted with PC3 and DU145 cells. MCM8 bound cyclin D1 and activated Rb protein phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 4 in vitro and in vivo. The cyclin D1/MCM8 interaction is required for Rb phosphorylation and S phase entry in cancer cells. As a result, our study showed that copy number increase and overexpression of MCM8 may play critical roles in human cancer development.
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29
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Qiu YT, Wang WJ, Zhang B, Mei LL, Shi ZZ. MCM7 amplification and overexpression promote cell proliferation, colony formation and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3590-3596. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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MCM7 promotes cancer progression through cyclin D1-dependent signaling and serves as a prognostic marker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2603. [PMID: 28182015 PMCID: PMC5386449 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA replication is a central procedure of cell proliferation, whereas aberrant DNA replication is indicated to be a driving force of oncogenesis. Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) plays an essential role in initiating DNA replication. To investigate the potential oncogenic properties and prognostic value of MCM7 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we conducted immunohistochemistry staining of MCM7 in 153 HCC samples and found that MCM7 high expression level was associated with worse overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Mechanistically, knockdown of MCM7 significantly inhibited cellular proliferation in vitro and HCC tumorigenicity in vivo. Cyclin D1 was proved to be regulated by MCM7–MAPK signaling pathway. Clinically, high expression of both MCM7 and cyclin D1 exhibited a relatively high sensitivity and specificity to predict worse outcome of HCC patients. Taken together, our results suggest that MCM7–cyclin D1 pathway may participate in cancer progression and serve as a biomarker for prognosis in HCC.
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31
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Tamilzhalagan S, Rathinam D, Ganesan K. Amplified 7q21-22 geneMCM7and its intronic miR-25 suppressCOL1A2associated genes to sustain intestinal gastric cancer features. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1590-1602. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sembulingam Tamilzhalagan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics; Department of Genetics; Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences; School of Biological Sciences; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai India
| | - Dhanasekaran Rathinam
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics; Department of Genetics; Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences; School of Biological Sciences; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai India
| | - Kumaresan Ganesan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics; Department of Genetics; Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences; School of Biological Sciences; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai India
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32
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Búa S, Sotiropoulou P, Sgarlata C, Borlado LR, Eguren M, Domínguez O, Ortega S, Malumbres M, Blanpain C, Méndez J. Deregulated expression of Cdc6 in the skin facilitates papilloma formation and affects the hair growth cycle. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3897-907. [PMID: 26697840 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc6 encodes a key protein for DNA replication, responsible for the recruitment of the MCM helicase to replication origins during the G1 phase of the cell division cycle. The oncogenic potential of deregulated Cdc6 expression has been inferred from cellular studies, but no mouse models have been described to study its effects in mammalian tissues. Here we report the generation of K5-Cdc6, a transgenic mouse strain in which Cdc6 expression is deregulated in tissues with stratified epithelia. Higher levels of CDC6 protein enhanced the loading of MCM complexes to DNA in epidermal keratinocytes, without affecting their proliferation rate or inducing DNA damage. While Cdc6 overexpression did not promote skin tumors, it facilitated the formation of papillomas in cooperation with mutagenic agents such as DMBA. In addition, the elevated levels of CDC6 protein in the skin extended the resting stage of the hair growth cycle, leading to better fur preservation in older mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabela Búa
- a DNA Replication Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Reserch Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Peggy Sotiropoulou
- b Interdisciplinary Research Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles ; Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Cecilia Sgarlata
- a DNA Replication Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Reserch Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis R Borlado
- a DNA Replication Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Reserch Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Eguren
- c Cell Division and Cancer Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- d Genomics Unit, Biotechnology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- e Transgenic Mice Unit; Biotechnology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- c Cell Division and Cancer Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Cedric Blanpain
- b Interdisciplinary Research Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles ; Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Juan Méndez
- a DNA Replication Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Reserch Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
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33
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Choy B, LaLonde A, Que J, Wu T, Zhou Z. MCM4 and MCM7, potential novel proliferation markers, significantly correlated with Ki-67, Bmi1, and cyclin E expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and precancerous lesions. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:126-135. [PMID: 27476776 PMCID: PMC5250507 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Minichromosomal maintenance (MCM) proteins are participants of DNA replication and may represent more accurate markers in determining the proliferative fraction within a tumor than proliferative marker Ki-67. Our study investigated the correlation between MCM4 and MCM7 expression and Ki-67, Bmi1, and cyclin E expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and precancerous lesions. MCM4 and MCM7 expression had similar distribution as Ki-67 and Bmi1 expression in esophageal carcinoma and pre-cancerous lesions. The mean percentage of MCM4, MCM7, and Ki-67 expression increased from squamous epithelium (5.5%, 7.3%, and 5.9%, respectively), to columnar cell metaplasia (11.2, 13.5%, and 3.4%), Barrett's esophagus (27.7%, 35.3%, and 8.3%), low-grade dysplasia (42.6%, 52.2%, and 12.9%), high-grade dysplasia (63.2%, 77.7%, and 29.6%), adenocarcinoma (61.3%, 75.5%, and 24.5%), and squamous cell carcinoma (74.1, 85.4%, and 36.3%). The percentages of MCM4 and MCM7 expression were significantly higher than Ki-67 expression. Using univariate analysis we found a high percentage of MCM4 expression (>70%) to be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and shorter survival in the adenocarcinoma group. We also demonstrated the percentage of MCM4 and MCM7 expression to be significantly correlated with Ki-67, Bmi1, and cyclin E expression in esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. MCM4 and MCM7 may serve as more sensitive proliferative markers for the evaluation of esophageal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Choy
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Amy LaLonde
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jianwen Que
- Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032
| | - Tongtong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642.
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34
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Lodrini M, Poschmann G, Schmidt V, Wünschel J, Dreidax D, Witt O, Höfer T, Meyer HE, Stühler K, Eggert A, Deubzer HE. Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Is a Critical Node in the miR-183 Signaling Network of MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2178-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lodrini
- Department
of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger
Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular
Proteomics Laboratory, Biological Medical Research Centre, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Victoria Schmidt
- Clinical
Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wünschel
- Department
of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger
Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Dreidax
- Division
Neuroblastoma Genetics, DKFZ, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Clinical
Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center
for Individualized Pediatric Oncology (ZIPO) and Brain Tumors, Department
of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), INF 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division
of Theoretical Systems Biology, DKFZ, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut E. Meyer
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular
Proteomics Laboratory, Biological Medical Research Centre, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute
for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department
of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger
Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hedwig E. Deubzer
- Department
of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger
Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Clinical
Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center
for Individualized Pediatric Oncology (ZIPO) and Brain Tumors, Department
of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), INF 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Junior
Neuroblastoma Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center
of the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Karavias D, Maroulis I, Papadaki H, Gogos C, Kakkos S, Karavias D, Bravou V. Overexpression of CDT1 Is a Predictor of Poor Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:568-79. [PMID: 26408331 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-2960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic instability is a common feature in hepatocellular carcinoma. Deregulation of replication licensing factors has been shown to trigger DNA damage response contributing to genomic instability. Overexpression of DNA replication licensing factors chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (CDT1) and minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) has been previously reported in several human cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of CDT1 and MCM7 in association with DNA damage response markers and p53 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Expression of CDT1, MCM7, p-H2A histone family member X (H2AX), phospho-ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)/ataxia telangiectasia rad3-related (ATR) substrate, and p53 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens from 111 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between the studied proteins, clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. RESULTS CDT1 expression correlated with p-H2AX (p = 0.038), while MCM7 correlated with p-H2AX and phospho-ATM/ATR substrate (p < 0.001). Increased CDT1 expression was associated with higher tumor grade (p = 0.006) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.033). High CDT1 expression correlated significantly with reduced overall survival (60.8 and 26.5 % vs 82.8 and 53.0 %, for low CDT1 expression, at 2 and 5 years, respectively, p = 0.012) and was identified by multivariate analysis as an independent predictor of poor overall survival (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of CDT1 and MCM7 in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with DNA damage response, and CDT1 overexpression is a significant prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Karavias
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, 26500, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Maroulis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, 26500, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Charalambos Gogos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Stavros Kakkos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
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36
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Nowinska K, Chmielewska M, Piotrowska A, Pula B, Pastuszewski W, Krecicki T, Podhorska-Okołow M, Zabel M, Dziegiel P. Correlation between levels of expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins, Ki-67 proliferation antigen and metallothionein I/II in laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:635-45. [PMID: 26648405 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MCM2, MCM3 and MCM7 are minichromosome maintenance proteins found in dividing cells and they play a role in DNA synthesis. Increased MCM expression level is observed in cells of different cancer types. Additionally, metallothioneins (MT-I/II) are involved in control of cell proliferation and differentiation and changes of their expression are observed in many types of cancer. Ki-67 is known cancer cell proliferation antigen currently used in prognostic evaluation. The study material consisted of 83 laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) cases and 10 benign hypertrophic lesions of larynx epithelium as a control group. For the present study, laryngeal cancer cell line HEp-2 and human keratinocytes were employed, and to evaluate expression of all the markers, immunohistochemical method (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analysis were used. Statistical analysis showed strong positive correlation between expression of MCM2, MCM3, MCM7 and Ki-67 antigen in LSCC. Additionally, moderate positive correlation was observed between MCM3 and MT-I/II expression. In cancer cells, the level of expression of MCM3, MCM2, MCM7 and Ki-67 markers was increasing with the grade of LSCC malignancy. IF and western blot analysis showed higher MCM2, MCM3, MCM7 expression in HEp-2 cells in comparison to their expression in keratinocytes. MCM proteins might be useful markers of cell proliferation in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowinska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Bartosz Pula
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Krecicki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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37
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Goto Y, Kurozumi A, Enokida H, Ichikawa T, Seki N. Functional significance of aberrantly expressed microRNAs in prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2015; 22:242-52. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Goto
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Akira Kurozumi
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
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38
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Chen ZH, Yu YP, Michalopoulos G, Nelson J, Luo JH. The DNA replication licensing factor miniature chromosome maintenance 7 is essential for RNA splicing of epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Met, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1404-11. [PMID: 25425645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Miniature chromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7) is an essential component of DNA replication licensing complex. Recent studies indicate that MCM7 is amplified and overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies. In this report, we show that MCM7 binds SF3B3. The binding motif is located in the N terminus (amino acids 221-248) of MCM7. Knockdown of MCM7 or SF3B3 significantly increased unspliced RNA of epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-Met. A dramatic drop of reporter gene expression of the oxytocin exon 1-intron-exon 2-EGFP construct was also identified in SF3B3 and MCM7 knockdown PC3 and DU145 cells. The MCM7 or SF3B3 depleted cell extract failed to splice reporter RNA in in vitro RNA splicing analyses. Knockdown of SF3B3 and MCM7 leads to an increase of cell death of both PC3 and DU145 cells. Such cell death induction is partially rescued by expressing spliced c-Met. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that MCM7 is a critical RNA splicing factor, thus giving significant new insight into the oncogenic activity of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan P Yu
- From the Departments of Pathology and
| | | | - Joel Nelson
- Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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39
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McCann MJ, Rowland IR, Roy NC. The anti-proliferative effects of enterolactone in prostate cancer cells: evidence for the role of DNA licencing genes, mi-R106b cluster expression, and PTEN dosage. Nutrients 2014; 6:4839-55. [PMID: 25372501 PMCID: PMC4245566 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian lignan, enterolactone, has been shown to reduce the proliferation of the earlier stages of prostate cancer at physiological concentrations in vitro. However, efficacy in the later stages of the disease occurs at concentrations difficult to achieve through dietary modification. We have therefore investigated what concentration(s) of enterolactone can restrict proliferation in multiple stages of prostate cancer using an in vitro model system of prostate disease. We determined that enterolactone at 20 μM significantly restricted the proliferation of mid and late stage models of prostate disease. These effects were strongly associated with changes in the expression of the DNA licencing genes (GMNN, CDT1, MCM2 and 7), in reduced expression of the miR-106b cluster (miR-106b, miR-93, and miR-25), and in increased expression of the PTEN tumour suppressor gene. We have shown anti-proliferative effects of enterolactone in earlier stages of prostate disease than previously reported and that these effects are mediated, in part, by microRNA-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McCann
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Ian R Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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40
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Bochman ML. Roles of DNA helicases in the maintenance of genome integrity. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e963429. [PMID: 27308340 PMCID: PMC4905024 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.963429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome integrity is achieved and maintained by the sum of all of the processes in the cell that ensure the faithful duplication and repair of DNA, as well as its genetic transmission from one cell division to the next. As central players in virtually all of the DNA transactions that occur in vivo, DNA helicases (molecular motors that unwind double-stranded DNA to produce single-stranded substrates) represent a crucial enzyme family that is necessary for genomic stability. Indeed, mutations in many human helicase genes are linked to a variety of diseases with symptoms that can be generally described as genomic instability, such as predispositions to cancers. This review focuses on the roles of both DNA replication helicases and recombination/repair helicases in maintaining genome integrity and provides a brief overview of the diseases related to defects in these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department; Indiana University ; Bloomington, IN USA
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41
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The Mcm2-7 replicative helicase: a promising chemotherapeutic target. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:549719. [PMID: 25243149 PMCID: PMC4163376 DOI: 10.1155/2014/549719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous eukaryotic replication factors have served as chemotherapeutic targets. One replication factor that has largely escaped drug development is the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase. This heterohexameric complex forms the licensing system that assembles the replication machinery at origins during initiation, as well as the catalytic core of the CMG (Cdc45-Mcm2-7-GINS) helicase that unwinds DNA during elongation. Emerging evidence suggests that Mcm2-7 is also part of the replication checkpoint, a quality control system that monitors and responds to DNA damage. As the only replication factor required for both licensing and DNA unwinding, Mcm2-7 is a major cellular regulatory target with likely cancer relevance. Mutations in at least one of the six MCM genes are particularly prevalent in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, head and neck, and prostrate, and MCM mutations have been shown to cause cancer in mouse models. Moreover various cellular regulatory proteins, including the Rb tumor suppressor family members, bind Mcm2-7 and inhibit its activity. As a preliminary step toward drug development, several small molecule inhibitors that target Mcm2-7 have been recently discovered. Both its structural complexity and essential role at the interface between DNA replication and its regulation make Mcm2-7 a potential chemotherapeutic target.
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42
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Kang W, Tong JHM, Chan AWH, Cheng ASL, Yu J, To K. MCM7 serves as a prognostic marker in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma and siRNA-mediated knockdown suppresses its oncogenic function. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2071-8. [PMID: 24647462 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MCM7 (mini-chromosome maintenance protein 7) is essential for the initiation of genomic replication as a component of the pre-replication complex. The present study aimed to analyze its expression, clinical significance and biological functions in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The MCM7 protein was upregulated in all 9 GAC cell lines. In 6 paired primary GACs, MCM7 was upregulated in tumor compared with the corresponding non-tumorous gastric tissues. In normal gastric epithelium tissue, MCM7 was strictly expressed in the proliferative compartment. MCM7 knockdown by siRNA in gastric cancer cell line AGS and NCI-N87 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, inhibited monolayer colony formation, reduced cell invasion and induced late apoptosis. Its nuclear expression correlated with advanced age and poorer disease specific survival in diffuse-type GACs. All the findings supported that MCM7 might play an oncogenic role in gastric tumorigenesis. It serves as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in diffuse-type GACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Joanna H M Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kafai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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43
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Champeris Tsaniras S, Kanellakis N, Symeonidou IE, Nikolopoulou P, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. Licensing of DNA replication, cancer, pluripotency and differentiation: an interlinked world? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 30:174-80. [PMID: 24641889 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings provide evidence for a functional interplay between DNA replication and the seemingly distinct areas of cancer, development and pluripotency. Protein complexes participating in DNA replication origin licensing are now known to have roles in development, while their deregulation can lead to cancer. Moreover, transcription factors implicated in the maintenance of or reversal to the pluripotent state have links to the pre-replicative machinery. Several studies have shown that overexpression of these factors is associated to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Champeris Tsaniras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - N Kanellakis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - I E Symeonidou
- Department of Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - P Nikolopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Z Lygerou
- Department of Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - S Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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44
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Molecular Signatures of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma Secondary to Hepatitis C Virus following Liver Transplantation. J Transplant 2013; 2013:878297. [PMID: 24377043 PMCID: PMC3860124 DOI: 10.1155/2013/878297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary indication for liver transplantation (LT). In western countries, the estimated rate of HCC recurrence following LT is between 15% and 20% and is a major cause of mortality. Currently, there is no standard method to treat patients who are at high risk for HCC recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular signatures underlying HCC recurrence that may lead to future studies on gene regulation contributing to new therapeutic options. Two groups of patients were selected, one including patients with HCV who developed HCC recurrence (HCC-R) ≤3 years from LT and the second group including patients with HCV who did not have recurrent HCC (HCC-NR). Microarray analysis containing more than 29,000 known genes was performed on formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver tissue from explanted livers. Gene expression profiling revealed 194 differentially regulated genes between the two groups. These genes belonged to cellular networks including cell cycle G1/S checkpoint regulators, RAN signaling, chronic myeloid leukemia signaling, molecular mechanisms of cancer, FXR/RXR activation and hepatic cholestasis. A subset of molecular signatures associated with HCC recurrence was found. The expression levels of these genes were validated by quantitative PCR analysis.
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45
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Abstract
Most currently available small molecule inhibitors of DNA replication lack enzymatic specificity, resulting in deleterious side effects during use in cancer chemotherapy and limited experimental usefulness as mechanistic tools to study DNA replication. Towards development of targeted replication inhibitors, we have focused on Mcm2-7 (minichromosome maintenance protein 2-7), a highly conserved helicase and key regulatory component of eukaryotic DNA replication. Unexpectedly we found that the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin preferentially inhibits Mcm2-7. Ciprofloxacin blocks the DNA helicase activity of Mcm2-7 at concentrations that have little effect on other tested helicases and prevents the proliferation of both yeast and human cells at concentrations similar to those that inhibit DNA unwinding. Moreover, a previously characterized mcm mutant (mcm4chaos3) exhibits increased ciprofloxacin resistance. To identify more potent Mcm2-7 inhibitors, we screened molecules that are structurally related to ciprofloxacin and identified several that compromise the Mcm2-7 helicase activity at lower concentrations. Our results indicate that ciprofloxacin targets Mcm2-7 in vitro, and support the feasibility of developing specific quinolone-based inhibitors of Mcm2-7 for therapeutic and experimental applications.
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46
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Role of DNA damage response pathways in preventing carcinogenesis caused by intrinsic replication stress. Oncogene 2013; 33:3688-95. [PMID: 23975433 PMCID: PMC3936004 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defective DNA replication can result in genomic instability, cancer, and developmental defects. To understand the roles of DNA damage response (DDR) genes on carcinogenesis in mutants defective for core DNA replication components, we utilized the Mcm4Chaos3/Chaos3 (“Chaos3”) mouse model which, by virtue of an amino acid alteration in MCM4 that destabilizes the MCM2-7 DNA replicative helicase, has fewer dormant replication origins and an increased number of stalled replication forks. This leads to genomic instability and cancer in most Chaos3 mice. We found that animals doubly mutant for Chaos3 and components of the ATM double strand break response pathway (Atm, p21/Cdkn1a, Chk2/Chek2) had decreased tumor latency and/or increased tumor susceptibility. Tumor latency and susceptibility differed between genetic backgrounds and genders, with females demonstrating an overall greater cancer susceptibility to Atm and p21 deficiency than males. ATM deficiency was semilethal in the Chaos3 background and impaired embryonic fibroblast proliferation, suggesting that ATM drug inhibitors might be useful against tumors with DNA replication defects. Hypomorphism for the 9-1-1 component Hus1 did not affect tumor latency or susceptibility in Chaos3 animals, and tumors in these mice did not exhibit impaired ATR pathway signaling. These and other data indicate that under conditions of systemic replication stress, the ATM pathway is particularly important both for cancer suppression and viability during development.
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47
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Huang TH, Huo L, Wang YN, Xia W, Wei Y, Chang SS, Chang WC, Fang YF, Chen CT, Lang JY, Tu C, Wang Y, Hsu MC, Kuo HP, Ko HW, Shen J, Lee HH, Lee PC, Wu Y, Chen CH, Hung MC. Epidermal growth factor receptor potentiates MCM7-mediated DNA replication through tyrosine phosphorylation of Lyn kinase in human cancers. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:796-810. [PMID: 23764002 PMCID: PMC3703149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) initiates a signaling cascade that leads to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, but its role in regulating DNA replication licensing is unclear. Here, we show that activated EGFR phosphorylates the p56 isoform of Lyn, p56(Lyn), at Y32, which then phosphorylates MCM7, a licensing factor critical for DNA replication, at Y600 to increase its association with other minichromosome maintenance complex proteins, thereby promoting DNA synthesis complex assembly and cell proliferation. Both p56(Lyn) Y32 and MCM7 Y600 phosphorylation are enhanced in proliferating cells and correlated with poor survival of breast cancer patients. These results establish a signaling cascade in which EGFR enhances MCM7 phosphorylation and DNA replication through Lyn phosphorylation in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Shih-Shin Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Fu Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Chun-Te Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Jing-Yu Lang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Chun Tu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Ming-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Hsu-Ping Kuo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - How-Wen Ko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Jia Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Pei-Chih Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Box 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030.
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Chen J, Cui Z, Li W, Shen A, Xu G, Bao G, Sun Y, Wang L, Fan J, Zhang J, Yang L, Cui Z. MCM7 expression is altered in rat after spinal cord injury. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:82-91. [PMID: 23526403 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7), a member of the minichromosome maintenance protein family, is essential for eukaryotic DNA replication initiation and the early stage of the elongation process. MCM7 participates in the cell cycle control of genome duplication. While it is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, the biological function of MCM7 in the central nervous system is still with limited acquaintance. In the present study, we performed a spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats. Western blotting indicated a marked alteration of MCM7 after SCI. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a wide distribution of MCM7 in the spinal cord. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that MCM7 immunoreactivity was increased predominantly in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia after SCI. We also examined the expression profiles of active caspase-3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki67, whose changes were correlated with the expression profiles of MCM7. Moreover, colocalization of MCM7/active caspase-3 was detected in neuronal nuclei (NeuN), and colocalization of MCM7/PCNA was detected in NeuN, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and CD11b, respectively. Our results suggest that MCM7 might be implicated in the apoptosis of neuron and proliferation of astrocytes and microglia after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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McCann MJ, Rowland IR, Roy NC. Anti-proliferative effects of physiological concentrations of enterolactone in models of prostate tumourigenesis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:212-24. [PMID: 23148045 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE There is evidence that a mammalian lignan, enterolactone (ENL), decreases the proliferation rate of prostate cancer cells, although previous studies have used concentrations difficult to achieve through dietary modification. We have therefore investigated the anti-proliferative effects of ENL in an in vitro model of prostate tumourigenesis at concentrations reported to occur in a range of male populations. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of 0.1 and 1 μM ENL on three markers of viability and proliferation (metabolic activity, growth kinetics, and cell cycle progression) were assessed in the RWPE-1, WPE1-NA22, WPE1-NB14, WPE1-NB11, WPE1-NB26, LNCaP, and PC-3 cell lines over 72 h. Based on these data, we quantified the expression levels of 12 genes involved in the control of DNA replication initiation using TaqMan real-time PCR in the WPE1-NA22, WPE1-NB14, WPE1-NB11, and WPE1-NB26 cell lines. ENL significantly inhibited the abnormal proliferation of the WPE1-NB14 and WPE1-NB11 cell lines and appears to be a consequence of decreased expression of abnormal chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies, concentrations of ENL that are reported after dietary intervention restrict the proliferation of early-stage tumourigenic prostate cell lines by inhibiting the abnormal formation of complexes that initiate DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McCann
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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50
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Bagley BN, Keane TM, Maklakova VI, Marshall JG, Lester RA, Cancel MM, Paulsen AR, Bendzick LE, Been RA, Kogan SC, Cormier RT, Kendziorski C, Adams DJ, Collier LS. A dominantly acting murine allele of Mcm4 causes chromosomal abnormalities and promotes tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003034. [PMID: 23133403 PMCID: PMC3486839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the isolation of a murine model for heritable T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) called Spontaneous dominant leukemia (Sdl). Sdl heterozygous mice develop disease with a short latency and high penetrance, while mice homozygous for the mutation die early during embryonic development. Sdl mice exhibit an increase in the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes, and T-ALLs from Sdl mice harbor small amplifications and deletions, including activating deletions at the Notch1 locus. Using exome sequencing it was determined that Sdl mice harbor a spontaneously acquired mutation in Mcm4 (Mcm4D573H). MCM4 is part of the heterohexameric complex of MCM2–7 that is important for licensing of DNA origins prior to S phase and also serves as the core of the replicative helicase that unwinds DNA at replication forks. Previous studies in murine models have discovered that genetic reductions of MCM complex levels promote tumor formation by causing genomic instability. However, Sdl mice possess normal levels of Mcms, and there is no evidence for loss-of-heterozygosity at the Mcm4 locus in Sdl leukemias. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that the Sdl mutation produces a biologically inactive helicase. Together, these data support a model in which chromosomal abnormalities in Sdl mice result from the ability of MCM4D573H to incorporate into MCM complexes and render them inactive. Our studies indicate that dominantly acting alleles of MCMs can be compatible with viability but have dramatic oncogenic consequences by causing chromosomal abnormalities. Our study investigated a spontaneous mouse model for dominantly inherited T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Using genetic methods, we identified a mutant allele of Mcm4 (Mcm4D573H) in this model. Interestingly, this Mcm4 allele promotes the accumulation of focal chromosomal gains and losses, including aberrations at the Notch1 locus that drive the formation of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Previous studies of hypomorphic Mcm alleles have demonstrated that a decrease in MCM levels can cause tumorigenesis. However, total and chromatin bound MCM levels were similar to wild-type in our model, indicating that Mcm alleles that do not drastically impact MCM levels can cause genomic aberrations that drive tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N. Bagley
- School of Pharmacy and UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Keane
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Vilena I. Maklakova
- School of Pharmacy and UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jonathon G. Marshall
- School of Pharmacy and UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rachael A. Lester
- School of Pharmacy and UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michelle M. Cancel
- School of Pharmacy and UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alex R. Paulsen
- School of Pharmacy and UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Bendzick
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Raha A. Been
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Kogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Lara S. Collier
- School of Pharmacy and UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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