1
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Salmón M, Álvarez-Díaz R, Fustero-Torre C, Brehey O, Lechuga CG, Sanclemente M, Fernández-García F, López-García A, Martín-Guijarro MC, Rodríguez-Perales S, Bousquet-Mur E, Morales-Cacho L, Mulero F, Al-Shahrour F, Martínez L, Domínguez O, Caleiras E, Ortega S, Guerra C, Musteanu M, Drosten M, Barbacid M. Kras oncogene ablation prevents resistance in advanced lung adenocarcinomas. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e164413. [PMID: 36928090 PMCID: PMC10065067 DOI: 10.1172/jci164413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
KRASG12C inhibitors have revolutionized the clinical management of patients with KRASG12C-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. However, patient exposure to these inhibitors leads to the rapid onset of resistance. In this study, we have used genetically engineered mice to compare the therapeutic efficacy and the emergence of tumor resistance between genetic ablation of mutant Kras expression and pharmacological inhibition of oncogenic KRAS activity. Whereas Kras ablation induces massive tumor regression and prevents the appearance of resistant cells in vivo, treatment of KrasG12C/Trp53-driven lung adenocarcinomas with sotorasib, a selective KRASG12C inhibitor, caused a limited antitumor response similar to that observed in the clinic, including the rapid onset of resistance. Unlike in human tumors, we did not observe mutations in components of the RAS-signaling pathways. Instead, sotorasib-resistant tumors displayed amplification of the mutant Kras allele and activation of xenobiotic metabolism pathways, suggesting that reduction of the on-target activity of KRASG12C inhibitors is the main mechanism responsible for the onset of resistance. In sum, our results suggest that resistance to KRAS inhibitors could be prevented by achieving a more robust inhibition of KRAS signaling mimicking the results obtained upon Kras ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Salmón
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program
| | | | | | - Oksana Brehey
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sagrario Ortega
- Mouse Genome Editing Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Musteanu
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Calsina B, Piñeiro-Yáñez E, Martínez-Montes ÁM, Caleiras E, Fernández-Sanromán Á, Monteagudo M, Torres-Pérez R, Fustero-Torre C, Pulgarín-Alfaro M, Gil E, Letón R, Jiménez S, García-Martín S, Martin MC, Roldán-Romero JM, Lanillos J, Mellid S, Santos M, Díaz-Talavera A, Rubio Á, González P, Hernando B, Bechmann N, Dona M, Calatayud M, Guadalix S, Álvarez-Escolá C, Regojo RM, Aller J, Del Olmo-Garcia MI, López-Fernández A, Fliedner SMJ, Rapizzi E, Fassnacht M, Beuschlein F, Quinkler M, Toledo RA, Mannelli M, Timmers HJ, Eisenhofer G, Rodríguez-Perales S, Domínguez O, Macintyre G, Currás-Freixes M, Rodríguez-Antona C, Cascón A, Leandro-García LJ, Montero-Conde C, Roncador G, García-García JF, Pacak K, Al-Shahrour F, Robledo M. Genomic and immune landscape Of metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1122. [PMID: 36854674 PMCID: PMC9975198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms triggering metastasis in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma are unknown, hindering therapeutic options for patients with metastatic tumors (mPPGL). Herein we show by genomic profiling of a large cohort of mPPGLs that high mutational load, microsatellite instability and somatic copy-number alteration burden are associated with ATRX/TERT alterations and are suitable prognostic markers. Transcriptomic analysis defines the signaling networks involved in the acquisition of metastatic competence and establishes a gene signature related to mPPGLs, highlighting CDK1 as an additional mPPGL marker. Immunogenomics accompanied by immunohistochemistry identifies a heterogeneous ecosystem at the tumor microenvironment level, linked to the genomic subtype and tumor behavior. Specifically, we define a general immunosuppressive microenvironment in mPPGLs, the exception being PD-L1 expressing MAML3-related tumors. Our study reveals canonical markers for risk of metastasis, and suggests the usefulness of including immune parameters in clinical management for PPGL prognostication and identification of patients who might benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Calsina
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Piñeiro-Yáñez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M Martínez-Montes
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Fernández-Sanromán
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Monteagudo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics for Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Fustero-Torre
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pulgarín-Alfaro
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gil
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Letón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Scherezade Jiménez
- Monoclonal Antibodies Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago García-Martín
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Martin
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Engineering Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan María Roldán-Romero
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Lanillos
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Mellid
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Santos
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Díaz-Talavera
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Rubio
- Genomics Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia González
- Histopathology Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Hernando
- Computational Oncology Group, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Margo Dona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - María Calatayud
- Department of Endocrinology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Guadalix
- Department of Endocrinology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rita M Regojo
- Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Aller
- Department of Endocrinology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Stephanie M J Fliedner
- Neuroendocrine Oncology and Metabolism, Medical Department I, Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elena Rapizzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ) und Universität Zürich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Quinkler
- Endocrinology in Charlottenburg Stuttgarter Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rodrigo A Toledo
- Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumors, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Henri J Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Engineering Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Genomics Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Macintyre
- Computational Oncology Group, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Currás-Freixes
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cascón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Leandro-García
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Montero-Conde
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karel Pacak
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Costales-Carrera A, Fernández-Barral A, Bustamante-Madrid P, Domínguez O, Guerra-Pastrián L, Cantero R, del Peso L, Burgos A, Barbáchano A, Muñoz A. Comparative Study of Organoids from Patient-Derived Normal and Tumor Colon and Rectal Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082302. [PMID: 32824266 PMCID: PMC7465167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon and rectal tumors, often referred to as colorectal cancer, show different gene expression patterns in studies that analyze whole tissue biopsies containing a mix of tumor and non-tumor cells. To better characterize colon and rectal tumors, we investigated the gene expression profile of organoids generated from endoscopic biopsies of rectal tumors and adjacent normal colon and rectum mucosa from therapy-naive rectal cancer patients. We also studied the effect of vitamin D on these organoid types. Gene profiling was performed by RNA-sequencing. Organoids from a normal colon and rectum had a shared gene expression profile that profoundly differed from that of rectal tumor organoids. We identified a group of genes of the biosynthetic machinery as rectal tumor organoid-specific, including those encoding the RNA polymerase II subunits POLR2H and POLR2J. The active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/calcitriol upregulated stemness-related genes (LGR5, LRIG1, SMOC2, and MSI1) in normal rectum organoids, while it downregulated differentiation marker genes (TFF2 and MUC2). Normal colon and rectum organoids share similar gene expression patterns and respond similarly to calcitriol. Rectal tumor organoids display distinct and heterogeneous gene expression profiles, with differences with respect to those of colon tumor organoids, and respond differently to calcitriol than normal rectum organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Costales-Carrera
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Bustamante-Madrid
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Guerra-Pastrián
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Cantero
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Unidad Colorrectal, Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis del Peso
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Burgos
- Unidad de Endoscopia, Departamento de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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4
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Santos CP, Lapi E, Martínez de Villarreal J, Álvaro-Espinosa L, Fernández-Barral A, Barbáchano A, Domínguez O, Laughney AM, Megías D, Muñoz A, Real FX. Urothelial organoids originating from Cd49f high mouse stem cells display Notch-dependent differentiation capacity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4407. [PMID: 31562298 PMCID: PMC6764959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding urothelial stem cell biology and differentiation has been limited by the lack of methods for their unlimited propagation. Here, we establish mouse urothelial organoids that can be maintained uninterruptedly for >1 year. Organoid growth is dependent on EGF and Wnt activators. High CD49f/ITGA6 expression features a subpopulation of organoid-forming cells expressing basal markers. Upon differentiation, multilayered organoids undergo reduced proliferation, decreased cell layer number, urothelial program activation, and acquisition of barrier function. Pharmacological modulation of PPARγ and EGFR promotes differentiation. RNA sequencing highlighted genesets enriched in proliferative organoids (i.e. ribosome) and transcriptional networks involved in differentiation, including expression of Wnt ligands and Notch components. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) analysis of the organoids revealed five clusters with distinct gene expression profiles. Together, with the use of γ-secretase inhibitors and scRNA-Seq, confirms that Notch signaling is required for differentiation. Urothelial organoids provide a powerful tool to study cell regeneration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina P Santos
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Lapi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez de Villarreal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Álvaro-Espinosa
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM and IdiPAZ, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM and IdiPAZ, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Genomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM and IdiPAZ, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Fernández-Barral A, Costales-Carrera A, Buira SP, Jung P, Ferrer-Mayorga G, Larriba MJ, Bustamante-Madrid P, Domínguez O, Real FX, Guerra-Pastrián L, Lafarga M, García-Olmo D, Cantero R, Del Peso L, Batlle E, Rojo F, Muñoz A, Barbáchano A. Vitamin D differentially regulates colon stem cells in patient-derived normal and tumor organoids. FEBS J 2019; 287:53-72. [PMID: 31306552 PMCID: PMC6972655 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestine is a major target of vitamin D and several studies indicate an association between vitamin D deficiency and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but also increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and mortality. However, the putative effects of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the active vitamin D metabolite, on human colonic stem cells are unknown. Here we show by immunohistochemistry and RNAscope in situ hybridization that vitamin D receptor (VDR) is unexpectedly expressed in LGR5+ colon stem cells in human tissue and in normal and tumor organoid cultures generated from patient biopsies. Interestingly, normal and tumor organoids respond differentially to calcitriol with profound and contrasting changes in their transcriptomic profiles. In normal organoids, calcitriol upregulates stemness‐related genes, such as LGR5,SMOC2,LRIG1,MSI1,PTK7, and MEX3A, and inhibits cell proliferation. In contrast, in tumor organoids calcitriol has little effect on stemness‐related genes while it induces a differentiated phenotype, and variably reduces cell proliferation. Concordantly, electron microscopy showed that calcitriol does not affect the blastic undifferentiated cell phenotype in normal organoids but it induces a series of differentiated features in tumor organoids. Our results constitute the first demonstration of a regulatory role of vitamin D on human colon stem cells, indicating a homeostatic effect on colon epithelium with relevant implications in IBD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Costales-Carrera
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra P Buira
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Jung
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona (IRB), Barcelona, Spain.,DKTK, German Cancer Consortium, Research Group, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gemma Ferrer-Mayorga
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Bustamante-Madrid
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco X Real
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Damián García-Olmo
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Cantero
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Del Peso
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona (IRB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Jiménez-Feijoo R, Pascal M, Moya R, Riggioni C, Domínguez O, Lózano J, Álvaro-Lozano M, Piquert M, Machinena A, Folque M, Dias M, Carnés J, Plaza AM. Molecular Diagnosis in House Dust Mite-Allergic Patients Suggests That Der p 23 Is Clinically Relevant in Asthmatic Children. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; 30:127-132. [PMID: 31283524 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of sensitization to house dust mites depend on geographic area and are important in clinical practice. However, the role of molecular diagnosis is not currently defined. We sought to characterize a pediatric population by focusing on sensitization to different mite species and major mite components in order to assess the clinical relevance of sensitization to allergenic components in our practice. METHODS Consecutive children with respiratory allergy sensitized to house dust mites (determined by skin prick test [SPT]) were recruited. We determined specific IgE to nDer p 1, rDer p 2, and rDer p 23 using ImmunoCAP and sIgE using ImmunoCAP-ISAC microarray. Patients were followed up for 3 years. RESULTS A total of 276 children were recruited. The frequency of sensitization was 86.6% for nDer p 1, 79.3% for rDer p 2, and 75.8% for rDer p 23. Lepidoglyphus species was the most common storage mite detected by SPT. Twenty-six patients (9.4%) were not sensitized to Der p 1 or Der p 2. It is noteworthy that IgE binding to Der p 23 was positive in 14 (53.8%). Asthmatic patients, especially those with a persistent moderate-severe phenotype, more frequently recognized the 3 major allergens. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with mite allergy were sensitized to the major allergens Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 23. Of the allergens evaluated, 5% were sensitized to Der p 23 but not to Der p 1 or Der p 2. Sensitization to Der p 23 should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of mite allergy, especially in patients with moderate-severe asthma, because it may worsen the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jiménez-Feijoo
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pascal
- Immunology Department, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Moya
- R&D Allergy and Immunology Unit, Laboratorios LETI S.L.U, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - C Riggioni
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Domínguez
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lózano
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Álvaro-Lozano
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Piquert
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Machinena
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Folque
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Dias
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Carnés
- R&D Allergy and Immunology Unit, Laboratorios LETI S.L.U, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - A M Plaza
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Folqué M, Lozano J, Riggioni C, Piquer M, Álvaro M, Machinena A, Giner M, Domínguez O, Jiménez-Feijoo R, Dias da Costa M, Plaza A. 'Real-life' experience in asthmatic children treated with omalizumab up to six-years follow-up. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:336-341. [PMID: 30509559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Omalizumab is present in international guidelines for the control of severe asthma, but data on the long-term effects in children are limited. Our objective was to perform a 'real-life' long-term trial of omalizumab in children with allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational single center 'real-life' study was performed. Data for treatment, lung function, side effect, asthma exacerbations and hospitalizations were recorded at six months and annually. RESULTS Forty-eight patients <18 years of age were enrolled. Median treatment period was 2.9 (0.5-6). Fluticasone dose for the maintenance treatment decreases significantly at six months (452mcg/day to 329.89mcg/day, respectively). This difference was maintained throughout the follow-up. Nobody used oral corticosteroid after six months. The rate of hospital admissions and visits to the emergency department for asthma exacerbations decreased significantly in the third years and fourth years follow-up, respectively. There was an improvement in lung function. Mean values of FEV1 and FEF25-75% before treatment were 79.88 and 62.94, respectively; after six months of treatment a statistically significant change was seen with a mean FEV1 of 92.29 and FEF25-75% of 76.31 (p=0.0001). Lung function values were above normal throughout the six years of treatment. No side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Overall in 'real life' omalizumab in children reduces asthma exacerbations and hospitalizations, improves lung function, and decreases the maintenance therapy. It is shown to be safe for up to six years of treatment in children.
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8
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Toledo RA, Garralda E, Mitsi M, Pons T, Monsech J, Vega E, Otero Á, Albarran MI, Baños N, Durán Y, Bonilla V, Sarno F, Camacho-Artacho M, Sanchez-Perez T, Perea S, Álvarez R, De Martino A, Lietha D, Blanco-Aparicio C, Cubillo A, Domínguez O, Martínez-Torrecuadrada JL, Hidalgo M. Exome Sequencing of Plasma DNA Portrays the Mutation Landscape of Colorectal Cancer and Discovers Mutated VEGFR2 Receptors as Modulators of Antiangiogenic Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3550-3559. [PMID: 29588308 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the wide use of antiangiogenic drugs in the clinical setting, predictive biomarkers of response to these drugs are still unknown.Experimental Design: We applied whole-exome sequencing of matched germline and basal plasma cell-free DNA samples (WES-cfDNA) on a RAS/BRAF/PIK3CA wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patient with primary resistance to standard treatment regimens, including inhibitors to the VEGF:VEGFR2 pathway. We performed extensive functional experiments, including ectopic expression of VEGFR2 mutants in different cell lines, kinase and drug sensitivity assays, and cell- and patient-derived xenografts.Results: WES-cfDNA yielded a 77% concordance rate with tumor exome sequencing and enabled the identification of the KDR/VEGFR2 L840F clonal, somatic mutation as the cause of therapy refractoriness in our patient. In addition, we found that 1% to 3% of samples from cancer sequencing projects harbor KDR somatic mutations located in protein residues frequently mutated in other cancer-relevant kinases, such as EGFR, ABL1, and ALK. Our in vitro and in vivo functional assays confirmed that L840F causes strong resistance to antiangiogenic drugs, whereas the KDR hot-spot mutant R1032Q confers sensitivity to strong VEGFR2 inhibitors. Moreover, we showed that the D717V, G800D, G800R, L840F, G843D, S925F, R1022Q, R1032Q, and S1100F VEGFR2 mutants promote tumor growth in mice.Conclusions: Our study supports WES-cfDNA as a powerful platform for portraying the somatic mutation landscape of cancer and discovery of new resistance mechanisms to cancer therapies. Importantly, we discovered that VEGFR2 is somatically mutated across tumor types and that VEGFR2 mutants can be oncogenic and control sensitivity/resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3550-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Toledo
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. .,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garralda
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tirso Pons
- Structural Computational Biology Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Estela Vega
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Otero
- Crystallography and Protein Engineering Unit, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Baños
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Durán
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Bonilla
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Sarno
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tania Sanchez-Perez
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Laboratory, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Perea
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Álvarez
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Lietha
- Cell Signalling and Adhesion Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Cubillo
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Búa S, Sotiropoulou P, Sgarlata C, Borlado LR, Eguren M, Domínguez O, Ortega S, Malumbres M, Blanpain C, Méndez J. Deregulated expression of Cdc6 in the skin facilitates papilloma formation and affects the hair growth cycle. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3897-907. [PMID: 26697840 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc6 encodes a key protein for DNA replication, responsible for the recruitment of the MCM helicase to replication origins during the G1 phase of the cell division cycle. The oncogenic potential of deregulated Cdc6 expression has been inferred from cellular studies, but no mouse models have been described to study its effects in mammalian tissues. Here we report the generation of K5-Cdc6, a transgenic mouse strain in which Cdc6 expression is deregulated in tissues with stratified epithelia. Higher levels of CDC6 protein enhanced the loading of MCM complexes to DNA in epidermal keratinocytes, without affecting their proliferation rate or inducing DNA damage. While Cdc6 overexpression did not promote skin tumors, it facilitated the formation of papillomas in cooperation with mutagenic agents such as DMBA. In addition, the elevated levels of CDC6 protein in the skin extended the resting stage of the hair growth cycle, leading to better fur preservation in older mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabela Búa
- a DNA Replication Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Reserch Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Peggy Sotiropoulou
- b Interdisciplinary Research Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles ; Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Cecilia Sgarlata
- a DNA Replication Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Reserch Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis R Borlado
- a DNA Replication Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Reserch Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Eguren
- c Cell Division and Cancer Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- d Genomics Unit, Biotechnology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- e Transgenic Mice Unit; Biotechnology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- c Cell Division and Cancer Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Cedric Blanpain
- b Interdisciplinary Research Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles ; Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Juan Méndez
- a DNA Replication Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Reserch Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
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10
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Garrobo I, Marión RM, Domínguez O, Pisano DG, Blasco MA. Genome-wide analysis of in vivo TRF1 binding to chromatin restricts its location exclusively to telomeric repeats. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3742-9. [PMID: 25483083 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.965044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that protect them from degradation, end-to-end fusions, and fragility. In mammals, telomeres are composed of TTAGGG tandem repeats bound by a protein complex called shelterin, which has fundamental roles in the regulation of telomere protection and length. The telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TERF1 or TRF1) is one of the components of shelterin and has been shown to be essential for telomere protection. Telomeric repeats can also be found throughout the genome, as Internal or Interstitial Telomeric Sequences (ITSs). Some of the components of shelterin have been described to bind to ITSs as well as other extra-telomeric regions, which in the case of RAP1 exert a key role in transcriptional regulation. Here, we set to address whether TRF1 can be found at extra-telomeric sites both under normal conditions and upon induction of telomere shortening. In particular, we performed a ChIP-sequencing technique to map TRF1 binding sites in MEFs wild-type and deficient for the telomerase RNA component (Terc(-/-)), with increasingly short telomeres. Our findings indicate that TRF1 is exclusively located at telomeres both under normal conditions, as well as under extreme telomere shortening. These results indicate that in mice not all members of shelterin have extra-telomeric roles as it was described for RAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianire Garrobo
- a Telomeres and Telomerase Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) ; Madrid , Spain
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11
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Foronda M, Morgado-Palacin L, Gómez-López G, Domínguez O, Pisano DG, Blasco MA. Profiling of Sox4-dependent transcriptome in skin links tumour suppression and adult stem cell activation. Genom Data 2015; 6:21-4. [PMID: 26697322 PMCID: PMC4664675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) reside in specific niches in a quiescent state in adult mammals. Upon specific cues they become activated and respond by self-renewing and differentiating into newly generated specialised cells that ensure appropriate tissue fitness. ASC quiescence also serves as a tumour suppression mechanism by hampering cellular transformation and expansion (White AC et al., 2014). Some genes restricted to early embryonic development and adult stem cell niches are often potent modulators of stem cell quiescence, and derailed expression of these is commonly associated to cancer (Vervoort SJ et al., 2013). Among them, it has been shown that recommissioned Sox4 expression facilitates proliferation, survival and migration of malignant cells. By generating a conditional Knockout mouse model in stratified epithelia (Sox4cKO mice), we demonstrated a delayed plucking-induced Anagen in the absence of Sox4. Skin global transcriptome analysis revealed a prominent defect in the induction of transcriptional networks that control hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activation such as those regulated by Wnt/Ctnnb1, Shh, Myc or Sox9, cell cycle and DNA damage response-associated pathways. Besides, Sox4cKO mice are resistant to skin carcinogenesis, thus linking Sox4 to both normal and pathological HFSC activation (Foronda M et al., 2014). Here we provide additional details on the analysis of Sox4-regulated transcriptome in Telogen and Anagen skin. The raw and processed microarray data is deposited in GEO under GSE58155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Foronda
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Morgado-Palacin
- Tumour Suppression Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Genomics Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David G Pisano
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Cash TP, Pita G, Domínguez O, Alonso MR, Moreno LT, Borrás C, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Santiago C, Garatachea N, Lucia A, Avellana JA, Viña J, González-Neira A, Serrano M. Exome sequencing of three cases of familial exceptional longevity. Aging Cell 2014; 13:1087-90. [PMID: 25116423 PMCID: PMC4326919 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exceptional longevity (EL) is a rare phenotype that can cluster in families, and co-segregation of genetic variation in these families may point to candidate genes that could contribute to extended lifespan. In this study, for the first time, we have sequenced a total of seven exomes from exceptionally long-lived siblings (probands ≥ 103 years and at least one sibling ≥ 97 years) that come from three separate families. We have focused on rare functional variants (RFVs) which have ≤ 1% minor allele frequency according to databases and that are likely to alter gene product function. Based on this, we have identified one candidate longevity gene carrying RFVs in all three families, APOB. Interestingly, APOB is a component of lipoprotein particles together with APOE, and variants in the genes encoding these two proteins have been previously associated with human longevity. Analysis of nonfamilial EL cases showed a trend, without reaching statistical significance, toward enrichment of APOB RFVs. We have also identified candidate longevity genes shared between two families (5–13) or within individual families (66–156 genes). Some of these genes have been previously linked to longevity in model organisms, such as PPARGC1A,NRG1,RAD52, RAD51, NCOR1, and ADCY5 genes. This work provides an initial catalog of genes that could contribute to exceptional familial longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Orlando Domínguez
- Genomics Core Unit; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO); Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3 28029 Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Consuelo Borrás
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; University of Valencia/INCLIVA; Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 15 46010 Valencia Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Department of Geriatrics; University Hospital of Getafe; Autovía de Toledo km 11 Getafe 28905 Madrid Spain
| | - Catalina Santiago
- European University; C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón 28670 Madrid Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science; University of Zaragoza; Ronda de Misericordia 5 22001 Huesca Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- European University; C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón 28670 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan A. Avellana
- Geriatric Unit; University Hospital Ribera; Carretera Corbera km 1 Alzira 46600 Valencia Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; University of Valencia/INCLIVA; Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 15 46010 Valencia Spain
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13
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Álvaro M, García-Paba MB, Giner MT, Piquer M, Domínguez O, Lozano J, Jiménez R, Machinena A, Martín-Mateos MA, Plaza AM. Tolerance to egg proteins in egg-sensitized infants without previous consumption. Allergy 2014; 69:1350-6. [PMID: 25040899 DOI: 10.1111/all.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg-sensitized infants who have never eaten egg may react at first ingestion. We sought to determine the association between skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) to egg proteins (EP) and oral food challenge (OFC) outcomes to find cut-off points which can diagnose egg allergy. METHODS One hundred and fifty-four infants up to 18 months, with cow's milk allergy (CMA) and/or atopic dermatitis (AD) without previous egg consumption, were recruited. SPT to EP were performed. If it was positive, sIgE was performed. If positive SPT and/or sIgE (n = 94), OFC was performed between 12 and 18 months. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the outcome of the OFC was related to SPT and sIgE. The cut-off points with the best diagnostic accuracy were found. RESULTS Ninety-four patients were sensitized to egg (69%) and 60 nonsensitized (31%). Of the sensitized, 27 tolerated cooked (CE) and raw egg (RE) (28.7%). Sixty-seven were allergic (71.3%): 29 reacted to CE, seven to egg yolk (EY) and 22 to egg white (EW) and 38 reacted to RE. 69.2% tolerated CE. EW SPT and ovalbumin (OVA) sIgE have the best area under the curve (AUC). The higher positive predictive values (PPV) were obtained for EW SPT and EW sIgE. CONCLUSIONS In egg-sensitized infants with EW SPT ≥8 mm and/or EW sIgE ≥8.36 KU/l, egg diagnostic OFC can be avoided as there is 94% probability of becoming positive. In the other patients, OFC should be performed safely and early to avoid unnecessary diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Álvaro
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - Mª. B. García-Paba
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - Mª. T. Giner
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Piquer
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - O. Domínguez
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Lozano
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - R. Jiménez
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Machinena
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - M. A. Martín-Mateos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Mª. Plaza
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Universitat de Barcelona; Esplugues Barcelona Spain
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14
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Lozano-Blasco J, Martín-Mateos MA, Alsina L, Domínguez O, Giner MT, Piquer M, Alvaro M, Plaza AM. A 10% liquid immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use (Privigen®) in paediatric patients with primary immunodeficiencies and hypersensitivity to IVIG. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2014; 42:136-41. [PMID: 23253680 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of Privigen®, a 10% intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), in a particular group of paediatric patients (highly sensitive to previous IVIG infusion) affected with Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID). MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients (n=8) from 3 to 17 years old diagnosed of PID who often suffered from adverse events related to the infusion to previous IVIG were switched to Privigen® in an open protocol. Data were prospectively collected regarding Privigen® administration: infusion, safety and efficacy. In parallel, data on safety and tolerance were retrospectively collected from medical charts regarding the previous 10% IVIG product used. RESULTS 50% of the patients required premedication with previous IVIG. At the end of the study none required premedication with Privigen®. The infusion rate was lower than that recommended by the manufacturer. All patients had suffered through adverse events during previous IVIG infusion being severe in three patients and recurrent in the rest. With Privigen® only three patients suffered from an adverse event (all cases were milder than previous related). Trough levels of IgG remained stable. None suffer from any episode of bacterial infection. CONCLUSION The present work shows that Privigen® was safe in a group of hypersensitive paediatric patients who did not tolerate the administration of a previous 10% liquid IVIG by using a particular infusion protocol slower than recommended. The number of adverse effects was smaller than published, and all cases were mild. No premedication was needed. Privigen® was also effective in this small group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lozano-Blasco
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Martín-Mateos
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Alsina
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Domínguez
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T Giner
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Piquer
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Alvaro
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M Plaza
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Balbás-Martínez C, Sagrera A, Carrillo-de-Santa-Pau E, Earl J, Márquez M, Vazquez M, Lapi E, Castro-Giner F, Beltran S, Bayés M, Carrato A, Cigudosa JC, Domínguez O, Gut M, Herranz J, Juanpere N, Kogevinas M, Langa X, López-Knowles E, Lorente JA, Lloreta J, Pisano DG, Richart L, Rico D, Salgado RN, Tardón A, Chanock S, Heath S, Valencia A, Losada A, Gut I, Malats N, Real FX. Recurrent inactivation of STAG2 in bladder cancer is not associated with aneuploidy. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1464-9. [PMID: 24121791 PMCID: PMC3840052 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is heterogeneous at the clinical, pathological, and genetic levels. Tumor invasiveness (T) and grade (G) are the main factors associated with outcome and determine patient management (1). A discovery exome sequencing screen (n=17), followed by a prevalence screen (n=60), identified new genes mutated in this tumor coding for proteins involved in chromatin modification (MLL2, ASXL2, BPTF), cell division (STAG2, SMC1A, SMC1B), and DNA repair (ATM, ERCC2, FANCA). STAG2, a subunit of cohesin, was significantly and commonly mutated/lost in UBC, mainly in tumors of low stage/grade, and its loss was associated with improved outcome. Loss of expression was often observed in chromosomally-stable tumors and STAG2 knockdown in bladder cancer cells did not increase aneuploidy. STAG2 reintroduction in non-expressing cells led to reduced colony formation. Our findings indicate that STAG2 is a novel UBC tumor suppressor acting through mechanisms that are different from its role to prevent aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Balbás-Martínez
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Abad M, Mosteiro L, Pantoja C, Cañamero M, Rayon T, Ors I, Graña O, Megías D, Domínguez O, Martínez D, Manzanares M, Ortega S, Serrano M. Reprogramming in vivo produces teratomas and iPS cells with totipotency features. Nature 2013; 502:340-5. [PMID: 24025773 DOI: 10.1038/nature12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of adult cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) has opened new therapeutic opportunities; however, little is known about the possibility of in vivo reprogramming within tissues. Here we show that transitory induction of the four factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc in mice results in teratomas emerging from multiple organs, implying that full reprogramming can occur in vivo. Analyses of the stomach, intestine, pancreas and kidney reveal groups of dedifferentiated cells that express the pluripotency marker NANOG, indicative of in situ reprogramming. By bone marrow transplantation, we demonstrate that haematopoietic cells can also be reprogrammed in vivo. Notably, reprogrammable mice present circulating iPS cells in the blood and, at the transcriptome level, these in vivo generated iPS cells are closer to embryonic stem cells (ES cells) than standard in vitro generated iPS cells. Moreover, in vivo iPS cells efficiently contribute to the trophectoderm lineage, suggesting that they achieve a more plastic or primitive state than ES cells. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of in vivo iPS cells generates embryo-like structures that express embryonic and extraembryonic markers. We conclude that reprogramming in vivo is feasible and confers totipotency features absent in standard iPS or ES cells. These discoveries could be relevant for future applications of reprogramming in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Abad
- Tumour Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
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17
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Domínguez O, Carrillo P, Giner M, Piquer M, Alvaro M, Jimenez-Feijoo R, Lozano J, Pascal M, Plaza A. Gad c 1 efficiency in the diagnosis of fish allergy in children. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723504 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Balbás-Martínez C, Rodríguez-Pinilla M, Casanova A, Domínguez O, Pisano DG, Gómez G, Lloreta J, Lorente JA, Malats N, Real FX. ARID1A alterations are associated with FGFR3-wild type, poor-prognosis, urothelial bladder tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62483. [PMID: 23650517 PMCID: PMC3641081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is heterogeneous at the clinical, pathological, genetic, and epigenetic levels. Exome sequencing has identified ARID1A as a novel tumor suppressor gene coding for a chromatin remodeling protein that is mutated in UBC. Here, we assess ARID1A alterations in two series of patients with UBC. In the first tumor series, we analyze exons 2–20 in 52 primary UBC and find that all mutant tumors belong to the aggressive UBC phenotype (high grade non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive tumors) (P = 0.05). In a second series (n = 84), we assess ARID1A expression using immunohistochemistry, a surrogate for mutation analysis, and find that loss of expression increases with higher stage/grade, it is inversely associated with FGFR3 overexpression (P = 0.03) but it is not correlated with p53 overexpression (P = 0.30). We also analyzed the expression of cytokeratins in the same set of tumor and find, using unsupervised clustering, that tumors with ARID1A loss of expression are generally KRT5/6-low. In this patient series, loss of ARID1A expression is also associated with worse prognosis, likely reflecting the higher prevalence of losses found in tumors of higher stage and grade. The independent findings in these two sets of patients strongly support the notion that ARID1A inactivation is a key player in bladder carcinogenesis occurring predominantly in FGFR3 wild type tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation, Missense
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Urothelium/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Balbás-Martínez
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Pinilla
- Lymphoma Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariel Casanova
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Genomics Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David G. Pisano
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural and Computational Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural and Computational Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals de i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X. Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals de i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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19
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Doménech E, Gómez-López G, Gzlez-Peña D, López M, Herreros B, Menezes J, Gómez-Lozano N, Carro A, Graña O, Pisano DG, Domínguez O, García-Marco JA, Piris MA, Sánchez-Beato M. New mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia identified by target enrichment and deep sequencing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38158. [PMID: 22675518 PMCID: PMC3365884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease without a well-defined genetic alteration responsible for the onset of the disease. Several lines of evidence coincide in identifying stimulatory and growth signals delivered by B-cell receptor (BCR), and co-receptors together with NFkB pathway, as being the driving force in B-cell survival in CLL. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this activation has not been identified. Based on the hypothesis that BCR activation may depend on somatic mutations of the BCR and related pathways we have performed a complete mutational screening of 301 selected genes associated with BCR signaling and related pathways using massive parallel sequencing technology in 10 CLL cases. Four mutated genes in coding regions (KRAS, SMARCA2, NFKBIE and PRKD3) have been confirmed by capillary sequencing. In conclusion, this study identifies new genes mutated in CLL, all of them in cases with progressive disease, and demonstrates that next-generation sequencing technologies applied to selected genes or pathways of interest are powerful tools for identifying novel mutational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Doménech
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gzlez-Peña
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mar López
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herreros
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliane Menezes
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel Carro
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - David G. Pisano
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A. Piris
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- IFIMAV, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Beato
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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20
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Ibero M, Justicia J, Álvaro M, Asensio O, Domínguez O, Garde J, Sancha J, Valero A. Diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children: results of the PETRA study. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2012; 40:138-43. [PMID: 21497009 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good control of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children is desirable because it is associated with diseases such as asthma. The aim of this analysis of the PETRA study was to characterise its diagnosis and treatment in Spanish children. METHODS Data were analysed for paediatric patients (age 5-17 years, inclusive) included in the PETRA study, which included consecutive patients with allergic rhinitis attending respiratory specialists throughout Spain. Demographic information, disease characteristics (duration, severity according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma [ARIA] classification), diagnostic procedures, treatments and physicians' attitudes to treatment were recorded. RESULTS Of the original sample of 1043 patients, 260 children were included (mean age, 11.7 years; 56.2% boys; 61.9% allergic to house dust mites (HDM) and 38.1% allergic to grass pollen). By ARIA classification, 180/260 (69.4%) had persistent AR and 176/280 (63%) had moderate disease. Asthma was reported in 89/161 (55%) with HDM allergy and 44/99 (45%) with grass pollen allergy. Symptomatic treatment was prescribed in 98.5%, although disease control had been no better than poor in 57.3%. Allergen specific immunotherapy was administered to 56.9%, and was used more often for HDM AR. When asked why specific immunotherapy was not prescribed, two-thirds of the investigators preferred a wait-and-see approach, prescribing immunotherapy if symptoms worsened or asthma developed. CONCLUSIONS Paediatric patients treated by specialists for allergic rhinitis have moderate or severe disease. Symptomatic treatment was extensively prescribed but often did not achieve good disease control. Many specialists preferred a wait-and-see approach before prescribing immunotherapy.
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Alvarez-Díaz S, Valle N, Ferrer-Mayorga G, Lombardía L, Herrera M, Domínguez O, Segura MF, Bonilla F, Hernando E, Muñoz A. MicroRNA-22 is induced by vitamin D and contributes to its antiproliferative, antimigratory and gene regulatory effects in colon cancer cells. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2157-65. [PMID: 22328083 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the high risk of colon cancer and a variety of other diseases. The active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) regulates gene transcription via its nuclear receptor (VDR), and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms of gene expression have also been proposed. We have identified microRNA-22 (miR-22) and several other miRNA species as 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) targets in human colon cancer cells. Remarkably, miR-22 is induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in a time-, dose- and VDR-dependent manner. In SW480-ADH and HCT116 cells, miR-22 loss-of-function by transfection of a miR-22 inhibitor suppresses the antiproliferative effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Additionally, miR-22 inhibition increases cell migration per se and decreases the antimigratory effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in both cell types. In silico analysis shows a significant overlap between genes suppressed by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and miR-22 putative target genes. Consistently, miR-22 inhibition abrogates the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated suppression of NELL2, OGN, HNRPH1, RERE and NFAT5 genes. In 39 out of 50 (78%) human colon cancer patients, miR-22 expression was found lower in the tumour than in the matched normal tissue and correlated directly with that of VDR. Our results indicate that miR-22 is induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in human colon cancer cells and it may contribute to its antitumour action against this neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alvarez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Portela M, Casas-Tinto S, Rhiner C, López-Gay JM, Domínguez O, Soldini D, Moreno E. Drosophila SPARC Is a Self-Protective Signal Expressed by Loser Cells during Cell Competition. Dev Cell 2010; 19:562-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Ferreiro I, Joaquin M, Islam A, Gomez-Lopez G, Barragan M, Lombardía L, Domínguez O, Pisano DG, Lopez-Bigas N, Nebreda AR, Posas F. Whole genome analysis of p38 SAPK-mediated gene expression upon stress. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:144. [PMID: 20187982 PMCID: PMC2842250 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cells have the ability to respond and adapt to environmental changes through activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Although p38 SAPK signalling is known to participate in the regulation of gene expression little is known on the molecular mechanisms used by this SAPK to regulate stress-responsive genes and the overall set of genes regulated by p38 in response to different stimuli. Results Here, we report a whole genome expression analyses on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) treated with three different p38 SAPK activating-stimuli, namely osmostress, the cytokine TNFα and the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin. We have found that the activation kinetics of p38α SAPK in response to these insults is different and also leads to a complex gene pattern response specific for a given stress with a restricted set of overlapping genes. In addition, we have analysed the contribution of p38α the major p38 family member present in MEFs, to the overall stress-induced transcriptional response by using both a chemical inhibitor (SB203580) and p38α deficient (p38α-/-) MEFs. We show here that p38 SAPK dependency ranged between 60% and 88% depending on the treatments and that there is a very good overlap between the inhibitor treatment and the ko cells. Furthermore, we have found that the dependency of SAPK varies depending on the time the cells are subjected to osmostress. Conclusions Our genome-wide transcriptional analyses shows a selective response to specific stimuli and a restricted common response of up to 20% of the stress up-regulated early genes that involves an important set of transcription factors, which might be critical for either cell adaptation or preparation for continuous extra-cellular changes. Interestingly, up to 85% of the up-regulated genes are under the transcriptional control of p38 SAPK. Thus, activation of p38 SAPK is critical to elicit the early gene expression program required for cell adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ferreiro
- Cell Signaling Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Dr aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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24
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Ferreiro I, Joaquin M, Islam A, Gomez-Lopez G, Barragan M, Lombardía L, Domínguez O, Pisano DG, Lopez-Bigas N, Nebreda AR, Posas F. Whole genome analysis of p38 SAPK-mediated gene expression upon stress. BMC Genomics 2010. [PMID: 20187982 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-144)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells have the ability to respond and adapt to environmental changes through activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Although p38 SAPK signalling is known to participate in the regulation of gene expression little is known on the molecular mechanisms used by this SAPK to regulate stress-responsive genes and the overall set of genes regulated by p38 in response to different stimuli. RESULTS Here, we report a whole genome expression analyses on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) treated with three different p38 SAPK activating-stimuli, namely osmostress, the cytokine TNFalpha and the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin. We have found that the activation kinetics of p38alpha SAPK in response to these insults is different and also leads to a complex gene pattern response specific for a given stress with a restricted set of overlapping genes. In addition, we have analysed the contribution of p38alpha the major p38 family member present in MEFs, to the overall stress-induced transcriptional response by using both a chemical inhibitor (SB203580) and p38alpha deficient (p38alpha-/-) MEFs. We show here that p38 SAPK dependency ranged between 60% and 88% depending on the treatments and that there is a very good overlap between the inhibitor treatment and the ko cells. Furthermore, we have found that the dependency of SAPK varies depending on the time the cells are subjected to osmostress. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide transcriptional analyses shows a selective response to specific stimuli and a restricted common response of up to 20% of the stress up-regulated early genes that involves an important set of transcription factors, which might be critical for either cell adaptation or preparation for continuous extra-cellular changes. Interestingly, up to 85% of the up-regulated genes are under the transcriptional control of p38 SAPK. Thus, activation of p38 SAPK is critical to elicit the early gene expression program required for cell adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ferreiro
- Cell Signaling Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Dr aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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25
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Martínez I, Lombardía L, Herranz C, García-Barreno B, Domínguez O, Melero JA. Cultures of HEp-2 cells persistently infected by human respiratory syncytial virus differ in chemokine expression and resistance to apoptosis as compared to lytic infections of the same cell type. Virology 2009; 388:31-41. [PMID: 19345972 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
HEp-2 cells that survived a lytic infection with Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) were grown to obtain a persistently infected culture that produced relatively high amounts of virus (10(6)-10(7) pfu/ml) for more than twenty passages. The cells in this culture were heterogeneous with regard to the expression of viral antigens, ranging from high to undetectable levels. However, all cell clones derived from the persistent culture did not produce infectious virus or viral antigens and grew more slowly than the original uninfected HEp-2 cells. When these "cured" cell clones were infected with wild-type HRSV, delayed virus production and reduction in the number and size of syncytia were observed compared to lytically infected HEp-2 cells. Most significantly, differences in gene expression between persistently and lytically infected cultures were also observed, including genes that encode for cytokines, chemokines and other gene products that either promote cell survival or inhibit apoptosis. These results highlight the significantly different responses of the same cell type to HRSV infection depending on the outcome of such infection, i.e., lytic versus persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Interacción Virus-Célula, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Martínez I, Lombardía L, García-Barreno B, Domínguez O, Melero JA. Distinct gene subsets are induced at different time points after human respiratory syncytial virus infection of A549 cells. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:570-581. [PMID: 17251576 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
cDNA microarray technology was applied to time course analysis of differentially expressed genes in A549 cells following human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection. Both up- and down-regulation of cellular genes were observed in a time-dependent manner. However, gene up-regulation prevailed over gene down-regulation. Virus infectivity was required as UV-inactivated virus failed to up-regulate/down-regulate those genes. At early times post-infection (0-6 h p.i.) 85 genes were up-regulated. Some of those genes were involved in cell growth/proliferation, cellular protein metabolism and cytoskeleton organization. Among the most strongly up-regulated genes at that time were the urokinase plasminogen activator (PLAU) and its receptor (PLAUR), a pleiotropic system involved in many biological processes, including chemotaxis and inflammation. Functionally related genes encoding the alpha- and beta-chains of several integrins were also up-regulated within the first 12 h of infection. Genes up-regulated between 6 and 12 h p.i. included interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), genes related to oxidative stress and genes of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway. At later times, genes involved in the immune response became predominant among the up-regulated genes, most of them being ISGs. Different up-regulation kinetics of cytokine and cytokine-signalling-related genes were also observed. These results highlight the dynamic interplay between the virus and the host cell and provide a general picture of changes in cellular gene expression along the HRSV replicative cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Lombardía
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca García-Barreno
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Melero
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Lucas D, Laín de Lera T, González MA, Ruiz JF, Domínguez O, Casanova JC, Martínez-A C, Blanco L, Bernad A. Polymerase mu is up-regulated during the T cell-dependent immune response and its deficiency alters developmental dynamics of spleen centroblasts. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:1601-11. [PMID: 15789338 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200526015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian DNA polymerase mu (Polmu), preferentially expressed in secondary lymphoid organs, is shown here to be up-regulated in germinal centers after immunization. Alternative splicing appears to be part of Polmu regulation during an immune response. We generated Polmu-deficient mice that are viable and show no anatomical malformation or serious alteration in lymphoid populations, with the exception of an underrepresentation of the B cell compartment. Young and aged homozygous Polmu(-/-) mice generated similar immune responses after immunization with the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) coupled to chicken gammaglobulin (CGG), compared with their wild-type littermates. Nonetheless, the kinetics of development of the centroblast population showed significant differences. Hypermutation analysis of the rearranged heavy chain intron region in centroblasts isolated from NP-CGG-immunized Polmu(-/-) mice showed a similar quantitative and qualitative somatic mutation spectrum, but a lower representation of heavily mutated clones. These results suggest that although it is not a critical partner, Polmu modulates the in vivo somatic hypermutation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lucas
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Villegas N, Flores-Vélez LM, Domínguez O. Sorption of lead in soil as a function of pH: a study case in México. Chemosphere 2004; 57:1537-1542. [PMID: 15519398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Revised: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of lead sorption onto soil are largely affected by properties and composition of soil and its solution. In this study, the lead sorption onto regosol eutric soil from Francisco I. Madero, Zacatecas, Mexico is evaluated at different pH values. Soil samples were suspended in lead solutions of 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 400 mg/l (as Pb(NO3)2). The pH was adjusted at 2, 3, 4, and 5.5 with nitric acid for each of the lead solution concentrations. In all the cases the ionic strength was I=0.09 M with calcium nitrate. The solid-liquid-ratios were fixed in 1:100 and 1:200 g/ml. The results show that lead sorption increases when pH increases. Experimental isotherms were adjusted by both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The Langmuir affinity parameter, K, indicates that the lead sorption capacity of Francisco I. Madero soils is largely perceptible to pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martínez-Villegas
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, 116 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Martinez-Delgado B, Meléndez B, Cuadros M, Alvarez J, Castrillo JM, Ruiz De La Parte A, Mollejo M, Bellas C, Diaz R, Lombardía L, Al-Shahrour F, Domínguez O, Cascon A, Robledo M, Rivas C, Benitez J. Expression Profiling of T-Cell Lymphomas Differentiates Peripheral and Lymphoblastic Lymphomas and Defines Survival Related Genes. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:4971-82. [PMID: 15297397 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T-Cell lymphomas constitute heterogeneous and aggressive tumors in which pathogenic alterations remain largely unknown. Expression profiling has demonstrated to be a useful tool for molecular classification of tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using DNA microarrays (CNIO-OncoChip) containing 6386 cancer-related genes, we established the expression profiling of T-cell lymphomas and compared them to normal lymphocytes and lymph nodes. RESULTS We found significant differences between the peripheral and lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas, which include a deregulation of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway. We also identify differentially expressed genes between peripheral T-cell lymphoma tumors and normal T lymphocytes or reactive lymph nodes, which could represent candidate tumor markers of these lymphomas. Additionally, a close relationship between genes associated to survival and those that differentiate among the stages of disease and responses to therapy was found. CONCLUSIONS Our results reflect the value of gene expression profiling to gain insight about the molecular alterations involved in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Survival
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/metabolism
- Male
- Multigene Family
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Phylogeny
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Human Genetics Department, Bioinformatics Unit, Genomic Analysis Unit, and Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Moreno-Bueno G, Sánchez-Estévez C, Cassia R, Rodríguez-Perales S, Díaz-Uriarte R, Domínguez O, Hardisson D, Andujar M, Prat J, Matias-Guiu X, Cigudosa JC, Palacios J. Differential gene expression profile in endometrioid and nonendometrioid endometrial carcinoma: STK15 is frequently overexpressed and amplified in nonendometrioid carcinomas. Cancer Res 2003; 63:5697-702. [PMID: 14522886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) comprises at least two types of cancer: endometrioid carcinomas (EECs) are estrogen-related tumors, which are frequently euploid and have a good prognosis. Nonendometrioid carcinomas (NEECs; serous and clear cell forms) are not estrogen related, are frequently aneuploid, and are clinically aggressive. We used cDNA microarrays containing 6386 different genes to analyze gene expression profiles in 24 EECs and 11 NEECs to identify differentially expressed genes that could help us to understand differences in the biology and clinical outcome between histotypes. After supervised analysis of the microarray data, there was at least a 2-fold difference in expression between EEC and NEEC in 66 genes. The 31 genes up-regulated in EECs included genes known to be hormonally regulated during the menstrual cycle and to be important in endometrial homeostasis, such as MGB2, LTF, END1, and MMP11, supporting the notion that EEC is a hormone-related neoplasm. Conversely, of the 35 genes overexpressed in NEECs, three genes, STK15, BUB1, and CCNB2, are involved in the regulation of the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Because STK15 amplification/overexpression is associated with aneuploidy and an aggressive phenotype in other human tumors, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization to investigate whether STK15 amplification occurred in ECs. We found that STK15 was amplified in 55.5% of NEECs but not in any EECs (P <or= 0.001). We confirmed this result in an independent series of ECs included in a tissue microarray in which breast and ovarian cancer samples showed an incidence of STK15 amplification of 15 and 18%, respectively (P <or= 0.001). This study demonstrated the usefulness of cDNA microarray technology for identifying differences in gene expression patterns between histological types of EC and implies that alteration of the mitotic checkpoint is a major mechanism of carcinogenesis in NEECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Laboratory of Breast and Gynaecological Cancer, Molecular Pathology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Sabater L, Ashhab Y, Caro P, Kolkowski EC, Pujol-Borrell R, Domínguez O. Identification of a KRAB-containing zinc finger protein, ZNF304, by AU-motif-directed display method and initial characterization in lymphocyte activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:1066-72. [PMID: 12051768 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel human Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) type zinc finger protein encoding gene, ZNF304, was obtained by AU-motif-directed display and RACE. This gene, which contains a tandem AU motif in the 3' untranslated region, has an ORF 1977-bp long that codes for a putative 659 residue protein with an amino-terminal KRAB domain and 13 carboxyl-terminal C2H2 zinc finger units. The gene maps to chromosome 19q13.4, a region that contains the largest zinc finger cluster so far identified in the human genome. Structurally, ZNF304 is related to a family of repressor transcription factors. ZNF304 expression was higher in lymphoid tissues but it was also detected in the following tissues, ordered by abundance: thyroid, adrenal gland, prostate, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Jurkat, U937, and THP1 cell lines showed a relatively low expression of ZNF304. By contrast, PBLs stimulated with PHA or PMA + ionomycin showed a biphasic expression with a sharp increase at 6 h. This induction was closely parallel to IFN-gamma expression and partially to IL-4 and IL-10. The tissue distribution and kinetics of induction suggest that ZNF304 may be involved in the regulation of lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Sabater
- Immunology Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica Germans Trias i Pujol, Crtra. del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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32
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García-Díaz M, Bebenek K, Sabariegos R, Domínguez O, Rodríguez J, Kirchhoff T, García-Palomero E, Picher AJ, Juárez R, Ruiz JF, Kunkel TA, Blanco L. DNA polymerase lambda, a novel DNA repair enzyme in human cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:13184-91. [PMID: 11821417 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111601200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase lambda (pol lambda) is a novel family X DNA polymerase that has been suggested to play a role in meiotic recombination and DNA repair. The recent demonstration of an intrinsic 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity in pol lambda supports a function of this enzyme in base excision repair. However, the biochemical properties of the polymerization activity of this enzyme are still largely unknown. We have cloned and purified human pol lambda to homogeneity in a soluble and active form, and we present here a biochemical description of its polymerization features. In support of a role in DNA repair, pol lambda inserts nucleotides in a DNA template-dependent manner and is processive in small gaps containing a 5'-phosphate group. These properties, together with its nucleotide insertion fidelity parameters and lack of proofreading activity, indicate that pol lambda is a novel beta-like DNA polymerase. However, the high affinity of pol lambda for dNTPs (37-fold over pol beta) is consistent with its possible involvement in DNA transactions occurring under low cellular levels of dNTPs. This suggests that, despite their similarities, pol beta and pol lambda have nonredundant in vivo functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel García-Díaz
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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33
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Abstract
A novel DNA polymerase (Pol mu) has been recently identified in human cells. The amino-acid sequence of Pol mu is 42% identical to that of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), a DNA-independent DNA polymerase that contributes to antigen-receptor diversity. In this paper we review the evidence supporting the role of Pol mu in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes, a T-dependent process that selectively occurs at germinal centres: (i) preferential expression in secondary lymphoid organs; (ii) expression associated to developing germinal centres; and (iii) very low base discrimination during DNA-dependent DNA polymerization by Pol mu, a mutator phenotype enormously accentuated by the presence of activating Mn2+ ions. Moreover, its similarity to TdT, together with extrapolation to the crystal structure of DNA polymerase beta complexed (Pol beta) with DNA, allows us to discuss the structural basis for the unprecedented error proneness of Pol mu, and to predict that Pol mu is structurally well suited to participate also in DNA end-filling steps occurring both during V(D)J recombination and repair of DNA double-strand breaks that are processed by non-homologous end-joining.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ruiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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34
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García-Díaz M, Domínguez O, López-Fernández LA, de Lera LT, Saníger ML, Ruiz JF, Párraga M, García-Ortiz MJ, Kirchhoff T, del Mazo J, Bernad A, Blanco L. DNA polymerase lambda (Pol lambda), a novel eukaryotic DNA polymerase with a potential role in meiosis. J Mol Biol 2000; 301:851-67. [PMID: 10966791 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new gene (POLL) encoding a novel DNA polymerase (Pol lambda) has been identified at mouse chromosome 19. Murine Pol lambda, consisting of 573 amino acid residues, has a 32% identity to Pol beta, involved in nuclear DNA repair in eukaryotic cells. It is interesting that Pol lambda contains all the critical residues involved in DNA binding, nucleotide binding and selection, and catalysis of DNA polymerization, that are conserved in Pol beta and other DNA polymerases belonging to family X. Murine Pol lambda, overproduced in Escherichia coli, displayed intrinsic DNA polymerase activity when assessed by in situ gel analysis. Pol lambda also conserves the critical residues of Pol beta required for its intrinsic deoxyribose phosphate lyase (dRPase) activity. The first 230 amino acid residues of Pol lambda, that have no counterpart in Pol beta, contain a BRCT domain, present in a variety of cell-cycle check-point control proteins responsive to DNA damage and proteins involved in DNA repair. Northern blotting, in situ hybridization analysis and immunostaining showed high levels of Pol lambda specifically expressed in testis, being developmentally regulated and mainly associated to pachytene spermatocytes. These first evidences, although indirect, suggest a potential role of Pol lambda in DNA repair synthesis associated with meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Díaz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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35
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Domínguez O, Ruiz JF, Laín de Lera T, García-Díaz M, González MA, Kirchhoff T, Martínez-A C, Bernad A, Blanco L. DNA polymerase mu (Pol mu), homologous to TdT, could act as a DNA mutator in eukaryotic cells. EMBO J 2000; 19:1731-42. [PMID: 10747040 PMCID: PMC310241 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.7.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2000] [Revised: 02/03/2000] [Accepted: 02/03/2000] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel DNA polymerase has been identified in human cells. Human DNA polymerase mu (Pol mu), consisting of 494 amino acids, has 41% identity to terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT). Human Pol mu, overproduced in Escherichia coli in a soluble form and purified to homogeneity, displays intrinsic terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity and a strong preference for activating Mn(2+) ions. Interestingly, unlike TdT, the catalytic efficiency of polymerization carried out by Pol mu was enhanced by the presence of a template strand. Using activating Mg(2+) ions, template-enhanced polymerization was also template-directed, leading to the preferred insertion of complementary nucleotides, although with low discrimination values. In the presence of Mn(2+) ions, template-enhanced polymerization produced a random insertion of nucleotides. Northern-blotting and in situ analysis showed a preferential expression of Pol mu mRNA in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Moreover, a large proportion of the human expressed sequence tags corresponding to Pol mu, present in the databases, derived from germinal center B cells. Therefore, Pol mu is a good candidate to be the mutator polymerase responsible for somatic hyper- mutation of immunoglobulin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Domínguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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36
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Sospedra M, Ferrer-Francesch X, Domínguez O, Juan M, Foz-Sala M, Pujol-Borrell R. Transcription of a broad range of self-antigens in human thymus suggests a role for central mechanisms in tolerance toward peripheral antigens. J Immunol 1998; 161:5918-29. [PMID: 9834072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of the thymus in the induction of tolerance to peripheral antigens is not yet well defined. One impending question involves how the thymus can acquire the diversity of peripheral nonthymic self-Ags for the process of negative selection. To investigate whether peripheral Ags are synthesized in the thymus itself, we have determined the expression of a panel of circulating and cell-bound peripheral Ags, some of which are targets of autoimmune diseases, at the mRNA level in total thymic tissue and in its main cellular fractions. Normalized and calibrated RT-PCR experiments demonstrated the presence of transcripts of nonthymic self-Ags in human thymi from 8 days to 13-yr-old donors. Out of 12 glands, albumin transcripts were found in 12; insulin, glucagon, thyroid peroxidase, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-67 in six, thyroglobulin in five, myelin basic protein and retinal S Ag in three, and GAD-65 in one. The levels of peripheral Ag transcripts detected were age-related but also showed marked interindividual differences. Cytokeratin-positive stromal epithelial cells, which are a likely cellular source for these, contained up to 200 transcript copies of the most expressed peripheral Ags per cell. These results implicate the human thymus in the expression of wide representation of peripheral self-Ags and support the view that the thymus is involved in the establishment of tolerance to peripheral Ags. The existence of such central mechanism of tolerance is crucial for the understanding of organ-specific autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sospedra
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Sospedra M, Domínguez O, Ferrer X, Pujol-Borrell R. Peripheral antigen expression in human thymus. Immunol Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)86005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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39
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Baldo Sierra C, Núñez Batalla F, Domínguez O, Suárez Nieto C, Alvarez Alvarez I, Fresno Forcelledo M, López Larrea C. [Oncoprotein p21-ras expression in epidermoid carcinoma of the laryngopharynx]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 1993; 44:165-8. [PMID: 8357627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ras genes can acquire transforming properties by qualitative and quantitative mechanisms. The mutated products of ras oncogenes (p21 protein) exhibit a decreased ability to hydrolyze GTP that lead to the stabilization of ras proteins in their active state and cause a continuous flow of signal transduction which may result in malignant transformation. These biochemical aberrant properties can also be achieved by an increased expression of the normal p21 protein. In this work we have analyzed the presence of ras gene mutations and the overexpression of the oncogene product p21 in the same series of squamous cell carcinoma of pharynx and larynx. Of 13 cases studied we have detected mutations in seven cases and in nine we have observed overexpression of the p21 protein. There is no correlation between ras mutations and overexpression of the p21 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldo Sierra
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo
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40
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Núñez F, Domínguez O, Coto E, Suárez-Nieto C, Pérez P, López-Larrea C. Analysis of ras oncogene mutations in human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Surg Oncol 1992; 1:405-11. [PMID: 1341278 DOI: 10.1016/0960-7404(92)90043-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of proto-oncogene mutations at codons 12, 13 and 61 of the Ha-, Ki-, and N-ras in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are analysed in this study. Oncogene ras-specific sequences were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and probed with mutation specific oligonucleotide probes. Mutations were detected in 8 of 22 samples (36.3%). No mutations were detected on patients' peripheral blood DNA. We found that histologically and clinically, squamous cell carcinomas with or without a ras mutation do not differ significantly from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Núñez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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41
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Martínez-Naves E, Coto E, Gutiérrez V, Urra JM, Setién F, Domínguez O, Hood LE, López-Larrea C. Germline repertoire of T-cell receptor beta-chain genes in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hum Immunol 1991; 31:77-80. [PMID: 1676706 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(91)90008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the genotype and allelic distribution of germline restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the T-cell receptor beta chain, segment C beta, and two variable segments which are in linkage disequilibrium, V beta 8 and V beta 11, in 42 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and in 51 healthy blood donors used as controls. Recently, several works have reported contradictory results showing or not showing an association between polymorphic alleles of the C beta gene and diabetes type I. We found no significant differences in the allele, genotype, and haplotype distribution of the gene segments studied, between IDDM patients and control populations.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Alleles
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA/analysis
- DNA Probes
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Genotype
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
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42
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Coto E, Martínez-Naves E, Domínguez O, DiScipio RG, Urra JM, López-Larrea C. DNA polymorphisms and linkage relationship of the human complement component C6, C7, and C9 genes. Immunogenetics 1991; 33:184-7. [PMID: 1672663 DOI: 10.1007/bf01719238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report we describe the linkage between genes encoding human complement components C6, C7, and C9. Polymorphisms have been described at the DNA level for the C7 and C9 genes. We have studied 20 individuals by Southern blot analysis with four C6 cDNA subclones to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). We have found a Taq I polymorphism defined by two alleles of 8.0 (C6 H) and 6.0 (C6 L) kilobases (kb). RFLP segregation for the C6, C7, and C9 loci in informative families allowed us to estimate the maximum Lod scores at a recombination fraction of theta = 0.0 (C6-C7), theta = 0.0 (C7-C9), and theta = 0.0 (C6-C9). Significant linkage disequilibrium was found between C6 and C7 and between C7 and C9 loci in directly determined haplotypes of unrelated parents. Data from this study show that the genes encoding the human terminal complement components C6, C7, and C9 define a cluster in the short arm of chromosome 5. We propose that the clusters involving the C8A and C8B and the C6, C7, and C9 genes be referred to as MACI and MACII, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Coto
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Covadonga, Oviedo, Spain
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Coto E, Domínguez O, Martínez-Naves E, Setién F, Gutiérrez V, López-Larrea C. MspI polymorphism at the human complement component C6 gene (C6). Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:194. [PMID: 1707160 PMCID: PMC333563 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.1.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Coto
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Covadonga, Oviedo, Spain
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Coto E, Domínguez O, Martínez-Naves E, Urra JM, Gutiérrez V, López-Larrea C. TaqI polymorphism at the human complement component C9 gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18:5581. [PMID: 1977126 PMCID: PMC332276 DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.18.5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Coto
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Covadonga, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
A C7 cDNA probe detecting a TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism has been used to examine the segregation of the "silent allele" (C7*Q0) in two familial deficiencies. Carrier diagnosis in healthy children is possible when both parents are heterozygotes. Only one of these two families was informative. The "silent allele" is linked to different TaqI alleles in both families. This suggests that at least two different C7*Q0 alleles are present in our population. This paper gives a protocol for genetic studies of hereditary traits in which the C7 gene and other genes tightly linked to it are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Coto
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Covadonga, Oviedo, Spain
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