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Wagner KD, Wagner N. The Senescence Markers p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in Organ Development and Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121966. [PMID: 35741095 PMCID: PMC9221567 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that senescent cells accumulate with aging. They are characterized by replicative arrest and the release of a myriad of factors commonly called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Despite the replicative cell cycle arrest, these cells are metabolically active and functional. The release of SASP factors is mostly thought to cause tissue dysfunction and to induce senescence in surrounding cells. As major markers for aging and senescence, p16INK4, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 are established. Importantly, senescence is also implicated in development, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. While many markers of senescence have been identified, none are able to unambiguously identify all senescent cells. However, increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4A and p21 are often used to identify cells with senescence-associated phenotypes. We review here the knowledge of senescence, p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in embryonic and postnatal development and potential functions in pathophysiology and homeostasis. The establishment of senolytic therapies with the ultimate goal to improve healthy aging requires care and detailed knowledge about the involvement of senescence and senescence-associated proteins in developmental processes and homeostatic mechanism. The review contributes to these topics, summarizes open questions, and provides some directions for future research.
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Wan WL, Tian B, Lin YJ, Korupalli C, Lu MY, Cui Q, Wan D, Chang Y, Sung HW. Photosynthesis-inspired H 2 generation using a chlorophyll-loaded liposomal nanoplatform to detect and scavenge excess ROS. Nat Commun 2020; 11:534. [PMID: 31988280 PMCID: PMC6985250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A disturbance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis may cause the pathogenesis of many diseases. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, this work proposes a photo-driven H2-evolving liposomal nanoplatform (Lip NP) that comprises an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) that is conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via a ROS-responsive linker, which is encapsulated inside the liposomal system in which the lipid bilayer embeds chlorophyll a (Chla). The UCNP functions as a transducer, converting NIR light into upconversion luminescence for simultaneous imaging and therapy in situ. Functioning as light-harvesting antennas, AuNPs are used to detect the local concentration of ROS for FRET biosensing, while the Chla activates the photosynthesis of H2 gas to scavenge local excess ROS. The results thus obtained indicate the potential of using the Lip NPs in the analysis of biological tissues, restoring their ROS homeostasis, possibly preventing the initiation and progression of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiranjeevi Korupalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dehui Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen Chang
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
The appropriate activation of the adaptive immune system relies upon the reprogramming of naïve T cells into specialized effector T cells that can combat pathogens and tumors. Naïve T cells are actively maintained in a state of hyporesponsiveness termed quiescence, which is characterized by small cell size, low proliferative rate, and low basal metabolism. Engagement of antigen and costimulatory receptors drives T cells to exit quiescence to promote subsequent clonal expansion and functional differentiation. The exit from quiescence, which precedes activation-induced proliferation, is associated with extensive remodeling of cellular morphology and metabolism. Here, we define and discuss the implications of the six key features of the exit of naïve T cells from quiescence: (i) cell-cycle entry, (ii) cell growth, (iii) autocrine or paracrine interleukin-2 signaling, (iv) anabolic metabolism, (v) nutrient uptake, and (vi) remodeling of mitochondrial function. Ultimately, understanding how naïve T cells meet each of these requirements for quiescence exit will allow for the tuning of T-cell responses to treat infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 502-8. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Immunology, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hongbo Chi
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Immunology, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Yamada T, Kanoh M, Nabe S, Yasuoka T, Suzuki J, Matsumoto A, Kuwahara M, Maruyama S, Fujimoto T, Sakisuka R, Yasukawa M, Yamashita M. Menin Plays a Critical Role in the Regulation of the Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response upon Listeria Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4079-4089. [PMID: 27798149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Menin, a tumor suppressor protein, is encoded by the MEN1 gene in humans. Certain germinal mutations of MEN1 induce an autosomal-dominant syndrome that is characterized by concurrent parathyroid adenomas and several other tumor types. Although menin is also expressed in hematopoietic lineages, its role in CD8+ T cells remains unclear. We generated Meninflox/flox CD4-Cre (Menin-KO) mice by crossing Meninflox/flox mice with CD4-Cre transgenic (Tg) mice to determine the role of menin in CD8+ T cells. Wild-type (WT) and Menin-KO mice were infected with Listeria monocytogenes expressing OVA to analyze the immune response of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. Menin deficiency resulted in an impaired primary immune response by CD8+ T cells. On day 7, there were fewer Menin-KO OVA-specific CD8+ T cells compared with WT cells. Next, we adoptively transferred WT and Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells into congenic recipient mice and infected them with L. monocytogenes expressing OVA to determine the CD8+ T cell-intrinsic effect. Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells were outcompeted by the WT cells upon infection. Increased expression of Blimp-1 and T-bet, cell cycle inhibitors, and proapoptotic genes was observed in the Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells upon infection. These data suggest that menin inhibits differentiation into terminal effectors and positively controls proliferation and survival of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells that are activated upon infection. Collectively, our study uncovered an important role for menin in the immune response of CD8+ T cells to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan;
| | - Makoto Kanoh
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shogo Nabe
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yasuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Junpei Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Saho Maruyama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and
| | - Takuya Fujimoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryo Sakisuka
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Hannou SA, Wouters K, Paumelle R, Staels B. Functional genomics of the CDKN2A/B locus in cardiovascular and metabolic disease: what have we learned from GWASs? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:176-84. [PMID: 25744911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to examine, on a large scale, the association of common genetic variants with complex diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), thus allowing the identification of new potential disease loci. Using this approach, numerous studies have associated SNPs on chromosome 9p21.3 situated near the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) locus with the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and T2D. However, identifying the function of the nearby gene products (CDKN2A/B and ANRIL) in the pathophysiology of these conditions requires functional genomic studies. We review the current knowledge, from studies using human and mouse models, describing the function of CDKN2A/B gene products, which may mechanistically link the 9p21.3 risk locus with CVD and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anissa Hannou
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR3508, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8199, Lille, France
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR3508, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR3508, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France.
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Allday MJ. EBV finds a polycomb-mediated, epigenetic solution to the problem of oncogenic stress responses triggered by infection. Front Genet 2013; 4:212. [PMID: 24167519 PMCID: PMC3807040 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses that establish a persistent infection, involving intracellular latency, commonly stimulate cellular DNA synthesis and sometimes cell division early after infection. However, most cells of metazoans have evolved "fail-safe" responses that normally monitor unscheduled DNA synthesis and prevent cell proliferation when, for instance, cell proto-oncogenes are "activated" by mutation, amplification, or chromosomal rearrangements. These cell intrinsic defense mechanisms that reduce the risk of neoplasia and cancer are collectively called oncogenic stress responses (OSRs). Mechanisms include the activation of tumor suppressor genes and the so-called DNA damage response that together trigger pathways leading to cell cycle arrest (e.g., cell senescence) or complete elimination of cells (e.g., apoptosis). It is not surprising that viruses that can induce cellular DNA synthesis and cell division have the capacity to trigger OSR, nor is it surprising that these viruses have evolved countermeasures for inactivating or bypassing OSR. The main focus of this review is how the human tumor-associated Epstein-Barr virus manipulates the host polycomb group protein system to control - by epigenetic repression of transcription - key components of the OSR during the transformation of normal human B cells into permanent cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Allday
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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Skalska L, White RE, Parker GA, Sinclair AJ, Paschos K, Allday MJ. Induction of p16(INK4a) is the major barrier to proliferation when Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforms primary B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003187. [PMID: 23436997 PMCID: PMC3578823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of p16INK4a as an intrinsic barrier to B cell transformation by EBV, we transformed primary B cells from an individual homozygous for a deletion in the CDKN2A locus encoding p16INK4a and p14ARF. Using recombinant EBV-BAC viruses expressing conditional EBNA3C (3CHT), we developed a system that allows inactivation of EBNA3C in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) lacking active p16INK4a protein but expressing a functional 14ARF-fusion protein (p14/p16). The INK4a locus is epigenetically repressed by EBNA3C – in cooperation with EBNA3A – despite the absence of functional p16INK4a. Although inactivation of EBNA3C in LCLs from normal B cells leads to an increase in p16INK4a and growth arrest, EBNA3C inactivation in the p16INK4a-null LCLs has no impact on the rate of proliferation, establishing that the repression of INK4a is a major function of EBNA3C in EBV-driven LCL proliferation. This conditional LCL system allowed us to use microarray analysis to identify and confirm genes regulated specifically by EBNA3C, independently of proliferation changes modulated by the p16INK4a-Rb-E2F axis. Infections of normal primary B cells with recombinant EBV-BAC virus from which EBNA3C is deleted or with 3CHT EBV in the absence of activating ligand 4-hydroxytamoxifen, revealed that EBNA3C is necessary to overcome an EBV-driven increase in p16INK4a expression and concomitant block to proliferation 2–4 weeks post-infection. If cells are p16INK4a-null, functional EBNA3C is dispensable for the outgrowth of LCLs. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a causative agent of several types of B cell lymphoma. In human B cells, EBV reduces protein levels of at least two tumour suppressors that would otherwise be activated in response to over-expressed oncogenes. These proteins are BIM, which induces cell death and p16INK4a, which prevents cell proliferation. Repression of both is via epigenetic methylation of histones and is dependent on expression of both EBNA3A and EBNA3C – two EBV proteins required for the transformation of normal B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). In this report we have used EBV with a conditionally active EBNA3C – active only in the presence of 4-hydroxytamoxifen – together with B cells from an individual carrying a homozygous deletion of p16INK4a to confirm that regulation of p16INK4a expression is a major function of EBNA3C and demonstrate that if B cells lack p16INK4a, then EBNA3C is no longer required for EBV-driven proliferation of LCLs. Furthermore we show that early after the infection of normal B cells, EBV induces p16INK4a accumulation that – if unchecked by EBNA3C (and EBNA3A) – prevents LCL outgrowth. Formal proof that p16INK4a is the main target of EBNA3C comes with the production of p16-null LCLs that have never expressed functional EBNA3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Skalska
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. White
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian A. Parker
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Sinclair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Paschos
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Allday
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Fibroblast growth factor-7 partially reverses murine thymocyte progenitor aging by repression of Ink4a. Blood 2012; 119:5715-21. [PMID: 22555975 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Involution of the thymus results in reduced production of naive T cells, and this in turn is thought to contribute to impaired immunity in the elderly. Early T-cell progenitors (ETPs), the most immature intrathymic T-cell precursors, harvested from the involuted thymus exhibit a diminished proliferative potential and increased rate of apoptosis and as a result their number is significantly reduced. In the present study, we show that these age-induced alterations result in part from increased expression of the Ink4a tumor-suppressor gene in ETPs. We also show that repression of Ink4a in aged ETPs results in their partial rejuvenation and that this can be accomplished by in vivo fibroblast growth factor 7 administration. These results define a genetic basis for thymocyte progenitor aging and demonstrate that the senescence-associated gene Ink4a can be pharmacologically repressed in ETPs to partially reverse the effects of aging.
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Berent-Maoz B, Montecino-Rodriguez E, Dorshkind K. Genetic regulation of thymocyte progenitor aging. Semin Immunol 2012; 24:303-8. [PMID: 22559986 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of T cell progenitors is significantly reduced in the involuted thymus, and the growth and developmental potential of the few cells that are present is severely attenuated. This review provides an overview of how aging affects T cell precursors before and following entry into the thymus and discusses the age-related genetic changes that may occur in them. Finally, interventions that rejuvenate thymopoiesis in the elderly by targeting T cell progenitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Berent-Maoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Wouters K, Cudejko C, Gijbels MJJ, Fuentes L, Bantubungi K, Vanhoutte J, Dièvart R, Paquet C, Bouchaert E, Hannou SA, Gizard F, Tailleux A, de Winther MPJ, Staels B, Paumelle R. Bone marrow p16INK4a-deficiency does not modulate obesity, glucose homeostasis or atherosclerosis development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32440. [PMID: 22403661 PMCID: PMC3293804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A genomic region near the CDKN2A locus, encoding p16INK4a, has been associated to type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic vascular disease, conditions in which inflammation plays an important role. Recently, we found that deficiency of p16INK4a results in decreased inflammatory signaling in murine macrophages and that p16INK4a influences the phenotype of human adipose tissue macrophages. Therefore, we investigated the influence of immune cell p16INK4a on glucose tolerance and atherosclerosis in mice. Methods and Results Bone marrow p16INK4a-deficiency in C57Bl6 mice did not influence high fat diet-induced obesity nor plasma glucose and lipid levels. Glucose tolerance tests showed no alterations in high fat diet-induced glucose intolerance. While bone marrow p16INK4a-deficiency did not affect the gene expression profile of adipose tissue, hepatic expression of the alternative markers Chi3l3, Mgl2 and IL10 was increased and the induction of pro-inflammatory Nos2 was restrained on the high fat diet. Bone marrow p16INK4a-deficiency in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice did not affect western diet-induced atherosclerotic plaque size or morphology. In line, plasma lipid levels remained unaffected and p16INK4a-deficient macrophages displayed equal cholesterol uptake and efflux compared to wild type macrophages. Conclusion Bone marrow p16INK4a-deficiency does not affect plasma lipids, obesity, glucose tolerance or atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiaan Wouters
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Céline Cudejko
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marion J. J. Gijbels
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Fuentes
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Vanhoutte
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rebecca Dièvart
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Paquet
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Anissa Hannou
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florence Gizard
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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Abstract
Previous authors have suggested that tumor suppressor expression promotes aging while preventing cancer, but direct experimental support for this cancer-aging hypothesis has been elusive. Here, by using somatic, tissue-specific inactivation of the p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor in murine T- or B-lymphoid progenitors, we report that ablation of p16(INK4a) can either rescue aging or promote cancer in a lineage-specific manner. Deletion of p16(INK4a) in the T lineage ameliorated several aging phenotypes, including thymic involution, decreased production of naive T cells, reduction in homeostatic T-cell proliferation, and attenuation of antigen-specific immune responses. Increased T-cell neoplasia was not observed with somatic p16(INK4a) inactivation in T cells. In contrast, B lineage-specific ablation of p16(INK4a) was associated with a markedly increased incidence of systemic, high-grade B-cell neoplasms, which limited studies of the effects of somatic p16(INK4a) ablation on B-cell aging. Together, these data show that expression of p16(INK4a) can promote aging and prevent cancer in related lymphoid progeny of a common stem cell.
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells that survive combination chemotherapy in vivo remain sensitive to allogeneic immune effects. Leuk Res 2010; 35:800-7. [PMID: 21074852 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is often performed for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) whose disease has relapsed after chemotherapy treatment. However, graft versus leukemia (GVL) effects in ALL are generally weak and the mechanisms of this weakness are unknown. These studies tested the hypothesis that ALL cells that have survived conventional chemotherapy in vivo acquire relative resistance to the allogeneic GVL effect. C57BL/6 mice were injected with murine pre-B ALL lines driven by human mutations and then were treated with combination chemotherapy. ALL cells surviving therapy were analysed in vitro and in vivo for acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy, radiation, cytolytic T cells, NK cells, LAK cells and cytokines. In vivo drug treatment did lead to leukemia population with more rapid proliferation and also decreased sensitivity to vincristine, doxorubicin and radiation. However, drug treatment did not produce ALL populations that were less sensitive to GVL effects in vitro or in vivo.
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Lévy F, Colombetti S. Promises and Limitations of Murine Models in the Development of Anticancer T-Cell Vaccines. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 25:269-95. [PMID: 17169777 DOI: 10.1080/08830180600992407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Murine models have been instrumental in defining the basic mechanisms of antitumor immunity. Most of these mechanisms have since been shown to operate in humans as well. Based on these similarities, active vaccination strategies aimed at eliciting antitumor T-cell responses have been elaborated and successfully implemented in various mouse models. However, the results of human antitumor vaccination trials have been rather disappointing thus far. This review summarizes the different experimental approaches used in mice to induce antitumor T-cell responses and identifies some critical parameters that should be considered when evaluating results from murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lévy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Liu Y, Sharpless NE. Tumor suppressor mechanisms in immune aging. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:431-9. [PMID: 19535234 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-aging hypothesis suggests that the activation of some tumor suppressor mechanisms beneficially prevents cancer but also untowardly promotes mammalian aging. Along these lines, activation of tumor suppressor mechanisms that inhibit the cell cycle (e.g. p16(INK4a) and p53) in response to DNA damage and other age-promoting stimuli has taken center stage in immune-aging research. Immune cells are intrinsically susceptible to transforming events due to V(D)J recombination, a high rate of cellular turnover and requisite long-term self-renewal. Therefore, the DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation play a clear role in maintaining homeostasis without neoplastic progression. Here we will argue on the basis of recent advances in our understanding of tumor suppressor mechanisms in immune cells; however, that aspects of these same beneficial pathways have the potential to induce intrinsic immune aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Young FM, Campbell A, Emo KL, Jansson J, Wang PY, Jordan CT, Mullen CA. High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with bcr-abl and INK4A/ARF mutations retain susceptibility to alloreactive T cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:622-30. [PMID: 18489987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INK4A/ARF mutations are acquired in bcr/abl(+) lymphoid blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and bcr/abl(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Donor lymphocyte infusion and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) are generally ineffective in such ALLs, whereas GVL is highly active against bcr/abl(+) CML, which does not have a lesion in the INK4A/ARF locus. The mechanisms for the ineffectiveness of GVL are not fully known, and it is possible that intrinsic resistance of acute lymphoid leukemias to immune effectors associated with allogeneic GVL may contribute to ineffectiveness. This work tested the hypothesis that INK4A/ARF mutations that are associated with transformation of bcr/abl(+) CML to an ALL phenotype, and that are associated with increased resistance to apoptosis render ALL cells insensitive to allogeneic immune responses to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA). Murine acute pre-B ALLs were induced by transfer of the human p210 bcr/abl gene into bone marrow of INK4A/ARF null mice. These ALL lines were then studied in a murine model of MHC-matched, mHA-mismatched allogeneic BMT. In vivo growth of these ALLs was inhibited in allogeneic transplants characterized by active allogeneic immune responses compared to their behavior in syngeneic transplants. In vitro ALLs with INK4A/ARF, p210 bcr/abl, or p190 bcr/abl mutations remained sensitive to anti-mHA cytolytic T cells. In addition, the ALLs were capable of inducing primary immune responses to mHAs in vivo. Thus, ALLs with INK4A/ARF or bcr/abl mutations are not intrinsically resistant to allogeneic T cell responses, suggesting that active immunotherapies against mHA have the potential to control such acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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17
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Reece AS. Evidence of accelerated ageing in clinical drug addiction from immune, hepatic and metabolic biomarkers. Immun Ageing 2007; 4:6. [PMID: 17892544 PMCID: PMC2041948 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction is associated with significant disease and death, but its impact on the ageing process has not been considered. The recent demonstration that many of the items available in routine clinical pathology have applicability as biomarkers of the ageing process implies that routine clinical laboratory parameters would be useful as an initial investigation of this possibility. METHODS 12,093 clinical laboratory results 1995-2006 were reviewed. To make the age ranges of the medical and addicted groups comparable the age range was restricted to 15-45 years. RESULTS 739 drug addicted (DA) and 5834 general medical (GM) age matched blood samples were compared. Significant elevation of immune parameters was noted in the C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total lymphocyte count, serum globulins and the globulin:albumin ratio (P < 0.01). Alanine aminotranferase, creatinine, urea, and insulin like growth factor-1 were also significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the DA group. Albumin, body mass index and dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate were unchanged and cholesterol was lower (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate for the first time that addiction is associated with an altered profile of common biomarkers of ageing raising the possibility that the ageing process may be altered in this group. Infective and immune processes may be centrally involved. They suggest that addiction forms an interesting model to further examine the contribution of immune suppression and hyperstimulation to the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Southcity Family Medical Centre, 39 Gladstone Rd., Highgate Hill, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.
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Huang X, Shi Z, Wang W, Bai J, Chen Z, Xu J, Zhang D, Fu S. Identification and characterization of a novel protein ISOC2 that interacts with p16INK4a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:287-93. [PMID: 17658461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
p16(INK4a) is a multiple tumor suppressor, playing an important role in proliferation and tumorigenesis. To screen the p16(INK4a)-associated proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assay and identified a novel protein isochorismatase domain containing 2 (ISOC2). ISOC2 conserves in different species, and encodes 205 and 210 amino acids in human and mouse, respectively. The expression of ISOC2 in mouse is universal but predominantly in uterus, stomach, and urinary tract system. Interaction between ISOC2 and p16(INK4a) was verified using in vitro pull-down assays and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation. Confocal microscopy studies using green and cyan fluorescent fusion proteins determined that ISOC2 co-localizes with p16(INK4a). Over-expressed ISOC2 is able to inhibit p16(INK4a) in dose-dependent manner. Our data indicated that ISOC2 is a novel functional protein, which is able to bind and co-localize with a tumor suppressor gene p16(INK4a). Over-expressed ISOC2 inhibits the expression of p16(INK4a), suggesting that this novel gene may play a role during the tumor development by interacting with p16(INK4a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
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