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Liu Y, Tan Y, Hu L, Li J, Yang J, Diao L, Yang J. Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analyses of SAF-189s in Chinese patients with ALK+/ROS1+ non-small cell lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1418549. [PMID: 39081957 PMCID: PMC11286589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1418549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective SAF-189s is a potent ALK/ROS1 inhibitor that is currently in clinical development for treating advanced ALK+/ROS1+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Comprehensive population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) and exposure-response models were developed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SAF-189s by integrating data from two clinical studies. Methods The PopPK model was developed using plasma concentration data collected from patients with ALK+/ROS1+ advanced NSCLC (n = 299) and healthy subjects (n = 24). The covariates (demographics, laboratory values, subject types, and concomitant medications) were evaluated to determine their potential influence on the between-patient variability in the pharmacokinetics of SAF-189s. Individual exposure values were then used to investigate the relationships with the efficacy endpoints (overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and duration of response (DOR)) and key safety endpoints (adverse events of interest). Results The final PopPK model of SAF-189s was described by a one-compartment model with delayed first-order absorption and time-dependent elimination by allowing the clearance to decrease stepwise over time. Age was included as a covariate for apparent clearance (CL/F), while prior anti-cancer therapy in ALK+ patients (ALKPOT) was included for apparent volume of distribution (V/F). There were no apparent exposure-response relationships for any of the efficacy endpoints at doses of 80-210 mg. The relationship between exposure and safety suggested that a higher steady-state exposure was associated with more frequent incidences of hyperglycemia and proteinuria; the 210-mg dose group was also less tolerated than the other low-dose groups. Conclusion PopPK and exposure-response models were developed for SAF-189s, and their results demonstrate that SAF-189s exposures are at the plateau of exposure-response for efficacy. The 210-mg dose group had a significantly higher safety risk, while the 160-mg dose group was well-tolerated. Thus, 160 mg of SAF-189s once daily was selected as the recommended phase III dose for the ALK+/ROS1+ or ROS1+ NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Pharmacometrics, Mosim Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jiansong Yang
- Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Diao
- Department of Pharmacometrics, Mosim Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Combarel D, Dousset L, Bouchet S, Ferrer F, Tetu P, Lebbe C, Ciccolini J, Meyer N, Paci A. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancers: Treatment optimization - Part I. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104384. [PMID: 38762217 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A multitude of TKI has been developed and approved targeting various oncogenetic alterations. While these have provided improvements in efficacy compared with conventional chemotherapies, resistance to targeted therapies occurs. Mutations in the kinase domain result in the inability of TKI to inactivate the protein kinase. Also, gene amplification, increased protein expression and downstream activation or bypassing of signalling pathways are commonly reported mechanisms of resistance. Improved understanding of mechanisms involved in TKI resistance has resulted in the development of new generations of targeted agents. In a race against time, the search for new, more potent and efficient drugs, and/or combinations of drugs, remains necessary as new resistance mechanisms to the latest generation of TKI emerge. This review examines the various generations of TKI approved to date and their common mechanisms of resistance, focusing on TKI targeting BCR-ABL, epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase and BRAF/MEK tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Combarel
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie et Pathologie médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Service de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92 296, France
| | - Léa Dousset
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchet
- Département de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; SMARTc Unit, CRCM Inserm U1068, Aix Marseille Univ and APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Tetu
- Department of Dermatology, APHP Dermatology, Paris 7 Diderot University, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbe
- Department of Dermatology, APHP Dermatology, Paris 7 Diderot University, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- SMARTc Unit, CRCM Inserm U1068, Aix Marseille Univ and APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037-CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Paci
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie et Pathologie médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Service de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92 296, France.
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Maki K, Katsumi T, Hanatani T, Uchiyama F, Suzuki F, Hoshikawa K, Haga H, Saito T, Ueno Y. Elucidation of pericholangitis and periductal fibrosis in cholestatic liver diseases via extracellular vesicles released by polarized biliary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1094-C1105. [PMID: 38344767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00655.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases causes inflammation and fibrosis around bile ducts. However, the pathological mechanism has not been elucidated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from both the basolateral and apical sides of polarized biliary epithelial cells. We aimed to investigate the possibility that EVs released from the basolateral sides of biliary epithelial cells by bile acid stimulation induce inflammatory cells and fibrosis around bile ducts, and they may be involved in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease. Human biliary epithelial cells (H69) were grown on cell culture inserts and stimulated with chenodeoxycholic acid + IFN-γ. Human THP-1-derived M1-macrophages, LX-2 cells, and KMST-6 cells were treated with the extracted basolateral EVs, and inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis markers were detected by RT-PCR. Highly expressed proteins from stimulated EVs were identified, and M1-macrophages, LX-2, KMST-6 were treated with these recombinant proteins. Stimulated EVs increased the expression of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 in M1-macrophages, TGF-β in LX-2 and KMST-6 compared with the corresponding expression levels in unstimulated EVs. Nucleophosmin, nucleolin, and midkine levels were increased in EVs from stimulated cells compared with protein expression in EVs from unstimulated cells. Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) is highly expressed only in EVs from stimulated cells. Stimulation of M1-macrophages with recombinant nucleophosmin, nucleolin, and midkine significantly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Stimulation of LX-2 and KMST-6 with recombinant LECT2 significantly increased the expression of fibrotic markers. These results suggest that basolateral EVs are related to the development of pericholangitis and periductal fibrosis in cholestatic liver diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our research elucidated that the composition of basolateral EVs from the biliary epithelial cells changed under bile acid exposure and the basolateral EVs contained the novel inflammation-inducing proteins NPM, NCL, and MK and the fibrosis-inducing protein LECT2. We report that these new results are possible to lead to the potential therapeutic target of cholestatic liver diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Maki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Katsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takumi Hanatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Fumi Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takafumi Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Murthy MHS, Jasbi P, Lowe W, Kumar L, Olaosebikan M, Roger L, Yang J, Lewinski N, Daniels N, Cowen L, Klein-Seetharaman J. Insulin signaling and pharmacology in humans and in corals. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16804. [PMID: 38313028 PMCID: PMC10838073 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be a unique capability of the Langerhans islets in the pancreas of mammals, insulin (INS) signaling is now recognized as an evolutionarily ancient function going back to prokaryotes. INS is ubiquitously present not only in humans but also in unicellular eukaryotes, fungi, worms, and Drosophila. Remote homologue identification also supports the presence of INS and INS receptor in corals where the availability of glucose is largely dependent on the photosynthetic activity of the symbiotic algae. The cnidarian animal host of corals operates together with a 20,000-sized microbiome, in direct analogy to the human gut microbiome. In humans, aberrant INS signaling is the hallmark of metabolic disease, and is thought to play a major role in aging, and age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. We here would like to argue that a broader view of INS beyond its human homeostasis function may help us understand other organisms, and in turn, studying those non-model organisms may enable a novel view of the human INS signaling system. To this end, we here review INS signaling from a new angle, by drawing analogies between humans and corals at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Whitney Lowe
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Lokender Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | | | - Liza Roger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Ocean Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jinkyu Yang
- Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nastassja Lewinski
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Noah Daniels
- Department of Computer Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Lenore Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Neumaier EE, Rothhammer V, Linnerbauer M. The role of midkine in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1310094. [PMID: 38098484 PMCID: PMC10720637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic growth factor highly expressed during embryogenesis with important functions related to growth, proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, reproduction, and repair. Recent research has indicated that MDK functions as a key player in autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of brain tumors, acute injuries, and other CNS disorders. This review summarizes the modes of action and immunological functions of MDK both in the peripheral immune compartment and in the CNS, particularly in the context of traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, we discuss the role of MDK as a central mediator of neuro-immune crosstalk, focusing on the interactions between CNS-infiltrating and -resident cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of MDK and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Hontecillas-Prieto L, García-Domínguez DJ, Zapata F, Palazón-Carrión N, Sánchez-León ML, Tami M, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Vilariño-García T, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity and Risk for Lymphoma: Possible Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415530. [PMID: 36555171 PMCID: PMC9779026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which is considered a pandemic due to its high prevalence, is a risk factor for many types of cancers, including lymphoma, through a variety of mechanisms by promoting an inflammatory state. Specifically, over the last few decades, obesity has been suggested not only to increase the risk of lymphoma but also to be associated with poor clinical outcomes and worse responses to different treatments for those diseases. Within the extensive range of proinflammatory mediators that adipose tissue releases, leptin has been demonstrated to be a key adipokine due to its pleotropic effects in many physiological systems and diseases. In this sense, different studies have analyzed leptin levels and leptin/leptin receptor expressions as a probable bridge between obesity and lymphomas. Since both obesity and lymphomas are prevalent pathophysiological conditions worldwide and their incidences have increased over the last few years, here we review the possible role of leptin as a promising proinflammatory mediator promoting lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J. García-Domínguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Zapata
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Palazón-Carrión
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - María L. Sánchez-León
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Malika Tami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.d.l.C.-M.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.d.l.C.-M.); (V.S.-M.)
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Majaj M, Weckbach LT. Midkine-A novel player in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1003104. [PMID: 36204583 PMCID: PMC9530663 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a 13-kDa heparin-binding cytokine and growth factor with anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and anti-infective functions, that enable it to partake in a series of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the past, research revolving around MK has concentrated on its roles in reproduction and development, tissue protection and repair as well as inflammatory and malignant processes. In the recent few years, MK's implication in a wide scope of cardiovascular diseases has been rigorously investigated. Nonetheless, there is still no broadly accepted consensus on whether MK exerts generally detrimental or favorable effects in cardiovascular diseases. The truth probably resides somewhere in-between and depends on the underlying physiological or pathophysiological condition. It is therefore crucial to thoroughly examine and appraise MK's participation in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we introduce the MK gene and protein, its multiple receptors and signaling pathways along with its expression in the vascular system and its most substantial functions in cardiovascular biology. Further, we recapitulate the current evidence of MK's expression in cardiovascular diseases, addressing the various sources and modes of MK expression. Moreover, we summarize the most significant implications of MK in cardiovascular diseases with particular emphasis on MK's advantageous and injurious functions, highlighting its ample diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Also, we focus on conflicting roles of MK in a number of cardiovascular diseases and try to provide some clarity and guidance to MK's multifaceted roles. In summary, we aim to pave the way for MK-based diagnostics and therapies that could present promising tools in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Majaj
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludwig T. Weckbach
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Zhang L, Song L, Xu Y, Xu Y, Zheng M, Zhang P, Wang Q. Midkine promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration by upregulating NR3C1 expression and activating the NF-κB pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2953-2961. [PMID: 35028860 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in females and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Midkine (MDK) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is abnormally expressed at high levels in various human malignancies. We aimed to uncover the biological function and molecular mechanism of MDK in BC cells. METHODS AND RESULTS MDA-MB-231-shMDK and T47D-shMDK BC cells were established. The in vitro biological functions of MDK were demonstrated by CCK-8 assays, Transwell assays and Western blotting, whereas qPCR pathway arrays were implemented to explore the mechanism of MDK in BC cells. Functionally, we verified that silencing MDK significantly suppressed BC cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the nuclear distribution of NF-κB. Meanwhile, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and a qPCR pathway array revealed that silencing MDK decreased the expression of NR3C1, a potential downstream target of the NF-κB pathway. We also confirmed that treatment with an NF-κB inhibitor suppressed NR3C1 expression in BC cells. Finally, we demonstrated that silencing NR3C1 repressed BC cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a novel mechanism by which MDK influences BC progression via regulation of the NF-κB-NR3C1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maojin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Chasovskikh NY, Chizhik EE, Bobrysheva AA. Bioinformatic Annotation of Genes for Alzheimer’s Disease and Coronary Heart Disease. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542111003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Defining Pathological Activities of ALK in Neuroblastoma, a Neural Crest-Derived Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111718. [PMID: 34769149 PMCID: PMC8584162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common extracranial solid tumour of childhood, responsible for 15% of cancer-related deaths in children. Prognoses vary from spontaneous remission to aggressive disease with extensive metastases, where treatment is challenging. Tumours are thought to arise from sympathoadrenal progenitor cells, which derive from an embryonic cell population called neural crest cells that give rise to diverse cell types, such as facial bone and cartilage, pigmented cells, and neurons. Tumours are found associated with mature derivatives of neural crest, such as the adrenal medulla or paraspinal ganglia. Sympathoadrenal progenitor cells express anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor that is the most frequently mutated gene in neuroblastoma. Activating mutations in the kinase domain are common in both sporadic and familial cases. The oncogenic role of ALK has been extensively studied, but little is known about its physiological role. Recent studies have implicated ALK in neural crest migration and sympathetic neurogenesis. However, very few downstream targets of ALK have been identified. Here, we describe pathological activation of ALK in the neural crest, which promotes proliferation and migration, while preventing differentiation, thus inducing the onset of neuroblastoma. Understanding the effects of ALK activity on neural crest cells will help find new targets for neuroblastoma treatment.
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Iafusco F, Maione G, Rosanio FM, Mozzillo E, Franzese A, Tinto N. Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (CFRD): Overview of Associated Genetic Factors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030572. [PMID: 33810109 PMCID: PMC8005125 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population and is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel expressed on the membrane of epithelial cells of the airways and of the intestine, as well as in cells with exocrine and endocrine functions. A common nonpulmonary complication of CF is cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), a distinct form of diabetes due to insulin insufficiency or malfunction secondary to destruction/derangement of pancreatic betacells, as well as to other factors that affect their function. The prevalence of CFRD increases with age, and 40–50% of CF adults develop the disease. Several proposed hypotheses on how CFRD develops have emerged, including exocrine-driven fibrosis and destruction of the entire pancreas, as well as contrasting theories on the direct or indirect impact of CFTR mutation on islet function. Among contributors to the development of CFRD, in addition to CFTR genotype, there are other genetic factors related and not related to type 2 diabetes. This review presents an overview of the current understanding on genetic factors associated with glucose metabolism abnormalities in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Iafusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (G.M.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (G.M.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Rosanio
- Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.R.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.R.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.R.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (G.M.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Xu JY, Chang W, Sun Q, Peng F, Yang Y. Pulmonary midkine inhibition ameliorates sepsis induced lung injury. J Transl Med 2021; 19:91. [PMID: 33639987 PMCID: PMC7913048 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Midkine is a multi-functional molecule participating in a various key pathological process. We aimed to evaluate the change of midkine in sepsis and its association with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) system, as well as the mechanism by which midkine induced in sepsis and lung injury. Methods The peripheral blood sample of septic patients on admission was obtained and measured for midkine, ACE and angiotensin II. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model was used, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) was stilled trans-trachea for regional targeting midkine expression, comparing the severity of lung injury. Furthermore, we studied the in vitro mechanism of midkine activates ACE system by using inhibitors targeting candidate receptors of midkine, and its effects on the vascular endothelial cells. Results Plasma midkine was significantly elevated in sepsis, and was closely associated with ACE system. Both circulating and lung midkine was increased in CLP mouse, and was related to severe lung injury. Regional interfering midkine expression in lung tissue by AAV could alleviate acute lung injury in CLP model. In vitro study elucidated that Notch 2 participated in the activation of ACE system and angiotensin II release, induced by midkine and triggered vascular endothelial injury by angiotensin II induced reactive oxygen species production. Conclusions Midkine inhibition ameliorates sepsis induced lung injury, which might via ACE/Ang II pathway and the participation of Notch 2 in the stimulation of ACE. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02605681. Registered 12 November 2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Peng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Aberrant role of ALK in tau proteinopathy through autophagosomal dysregulation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5542-5556. [PMID: 33452442 PMCID: PMC8758490 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathy in neurodegenerative diseases is typically characterized by deteriorating activity of specific protein aggregates. In tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau protein abnormally accumulates and induces dysfunction of the affected neurons. Despite active identification of tau modifications responsible for tau aggregation, a critical modulator inducing tau proteinopathy by affecting its protein degradation flux is not known. Here, we report that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is crucial for the tau-mediated AD pathology. ALK caused abnormal accumulation of highly phosphorylated tau in the somatodendritic region of neurons through its tyrosine kinase activity. ALK-induced LC3-positive axon swelling and loss of spine density, leading to tau-dependent neuronal degeneration. Notably, ALK activation in neurons impaired Stx17-dependent autophagosome maturation and this defect was reversed by a dominant-negative Grb2. In a Drosophila melanogaster model, transgenic flies neuronally expressing active Drosophila Alk exhibited the aggravated tau rough eye phenotype with retinal degeneration and shortened lifespan. In contrast, expression of kinase-dead Alk blocked these phenotypes. Consistent with the previous RNAseq analysis showing upregulation of ALK expression in AD [1], ALK levels were significantly elevated in the brains of AD patients showing autophagosomal defects. Injection of an ALK.Fc-lentivirus exacerbated memory impairment in 3xTg-AD mice. Conversely, pharmacologic inhibition of ALK activity with inhibitors reversed the memory impairment and tau accumulation in both 3xTg-AD and tauC3 (caspase-cleaved tau) transgenic mice. Together, we propose that aberrantly activated ALK is a bona fide mediator of tau proteinopathy that disrupts autophagosome maturation and causes tau accumulation and aggregation, leading to neuronal dysfunction in AD.
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14
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Ross-Munro E, Kwa F, Kreiner J, Khore M, Miller SL, Tolcos M, Fleiss B, Walker DW. Midkine: The Who, What, Where, and When of a Promising Neurotrophic Therapy for Perinatal Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:568814. [PMID: 33193008 PMCID: PMC7642484 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.568814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a small secreted heparin-binding protein highly expressed during embryonic/fetal development which, through interactions with multiple cell surface receptors promotes growth through effects on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. MK is upregulated in the adult central nervous system (CNS) after multiple types of experimental injury and has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties. The potential for MK as a therapy for developmental brain injury is largely unknown. This review discusses what is known of MK's expression and actions in the developing brain, areas for future research, and the potential for using MK as a therapeutic agent to ameliorate the effects of brain damage caused by insults such as birth-related hypoxia and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ross-Munro
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Faith Kwa
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny Kreiner
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madhavi Khore
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neurodiderot, Inserm U1141, Universita de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David W Walker
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Karadeniz Z, Aynacıoğlu AŞ, Bilir A, Tuna MY. Inhibition of midkine by metformin can contribute to its anticancer effects in malignancies: A proposal mechanism of action of metformin in context of endometrial cancer prevention and therapy. Med Hypotheses 2019; 134:109420. [PMID: 31634770 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a drug widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been the focus of interest as a potential therapeutic agent for certain types of malignancies, including gynaecological cancers [i.e. endometrial cancer (EC)]. Although the exact mechanism behind the potential anticancer activity of metformin is still not completely understood, certain studies have suggested that different effects on cell functions, such as inhibition of cell migration, apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation, are involved in its preventive and therapeutic effects in certain types of malignancies, including EC. In contrast, midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor and cytokine, which induces carcinogenesis and chemoresistance, promotes the development and progression of many malignant tumours by increasing diverse cell functions such as cell proliferation, cell survival and antiapoptotic activities via mainly the activation of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The same pathways are also subject to certain therapeutic effects of metformin, although this cytokine and this drug have some different mechanism of action pathways as well. Taken together, MK and metformin appear to have opposite effects in various biological processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell survival, cell migration, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, MK activates PI3K and MAPK cell signal pathways, whereas metformin inhibits these two pathways. It seems likely that almost all the pathways and cell functions, which play important roles in malignancies, are inhibited by metformin and activated by MK. Given the opposite relationship between the actions of metformin and MK, we hypothesize that metformin may act like a novel MK inhibitor in some malignancies. We also discuss the possible relationship between metformin and MK in the context of EC, the most common gynecological cancer worldwide, which incidence is rising rapidly, in parallel with the increase in obesity, T2DM and insulin resistance. In this respect, the therapeutic use of metformin may improve the survival of EC or other cancers, via inhibiting or overcoming the unwanted effects of MK in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Karadeniz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Istanbul Aydin University, Medical Faculty, Florya Main Campus, Kücükcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Şükrü Aynacıoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Aydin University, Medical Faculty, Florya Main Campus, Kücükcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayhan Bilir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Aydin University, Medical Faculty, Florya Main Campus, Kücükcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Yakup Tuna
- Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Aydin University, Medical Faculty, Florya Main Campus, Kücükcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Piper AJ, Clark JL, Mercado-Matos J, Matthew-Onabanjo AN, Hsieh CC, Akalin A, Shaw LM. Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 expression levels are associated with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220567. [PMID: 31393907 PMCID: PMC6687170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway has been implicated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) outcomes and resistance to targeted therapies. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms by which this pathway contributes to the biology of NSCLC. The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that signal downstream of the IGF-1R and determine the functional outcomes of this signaling pathway. In this study, we assessed the expression patterns of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in NSCLC to identify associations between IRS-1 and IRS-2 expression levels and survival outcomes in the two major histological subtypes of NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). High IRS-2 expression was significantly associated with decreased overall survival in adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients, whereas low IRS-1 cytoplasmic expression showed a trend toward association with decreased overall survival in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. Tumors with low IRS-1 and high IRS-2 expression were found to be associated with poor outcomes in ADC and SCC, indicating a potential role for IRS-2 in the aggressive behavior of NSCLC. Our results suggest distinct contributions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 to the biology of ADC and SCC that impact disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Piper
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jose Mercado-Matos
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Asia N. Matthew-Onabanjo
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chung-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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17
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George B, George SK, Shi W, Haque A, Shi P, Eskandari G, Axelson M, Larsson O, Kaseb AO, Amin HM. Dual inhibition of IGF-IR and ALK as an effective strategy to eradicate NPM-ALK + T-cell lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:80. [PMID: 31340850 PMCID: PMC6657048 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase-expressing (NPM-ALK+) T cell lymphoma is an aggressive neoplasm. NPM-ALK, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase, plays a critical role in this lymphoma. Recently, selective ALK inhibitors have emerged as a first-line therapy for this neoplasm. Unfortunately, ALK inhibitors were hindered by emergence of resistance and relapse. We have previously demonstrated that type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) is commonly expressed and activated in this lymphoma. In addition, IGF-IR and NPM-ALK are physically associated and reciprocally enhance their phosphorylation/activation. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that combined inhibition of IGF-IR and NPM-ALK could significantly improve the effects of inhibiting each kinase alone. Methods We used clinically utilized inhibitors of IGF-IR (picropodophyllin; PPP) and ALK (ASP3026) to assess the in vitro cellular effects of combined treatment versus treatment using a single agent. Moreover, we used a systemic NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma mouse model to analyze the in vivo effects of PPP and ASP3026 alone or in combination. Results Our data show that combined treatment with PPP and ASP3026 decreased the viability, proliferation, and anchorage-independent colony formation, and increased apoptosis of NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma cells in vitro. The in vitro effects of combined treatment were synergistic and significantly more pronounced than the effects of PPP or ASP3026 alone. Biochemically, simultaneous antagonism of IGF-IR and ALK induced more pronounced decrease in pIGF-IRY1135/1136, pNPM-ALKY646, and pSTAT3Y705 levels than antagonizing IGF-IR or ALK alone. Moreover, combined targeting of IGF-IR and NPM-ALK decreased significantly systemic lymphoma tumor growth and improved mice survival in vivo. Consistent with the in vitro results, the in vivo effects of the combined therapy were more pronounced than the effects of targeting IGF-IR or ALK alone. Conclusions Combined targeting of IGF-IR and ALK is more effective than targeting IGF-IR or ALK alone in NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma. This strategy might also limit emergence of resistance to high doses of ALK inhibitors. Therefore, it could represent a successful therapeutic approach to eradicate this aggressive lymphoma. Importantly, combined inhibition is feasible because of the clinical availability of IGF-IR and ALK inhibitors. Our findings are applicable to other types of cancer where IGF-IR and ALK are simultaneously expressed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-019-0768-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 072, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 072, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenyu Shi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 072, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of the University of Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Abedul Haque
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 072, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ghazaleh Eskandari
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 072, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Magnus Axelson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Larsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 072, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Ignatieva EV, Yurchenko AA, Voevoda MI, Yudin NS. Exome-wide search and functional annotation of genes associated in patients with severe tick-borne encephalitis in a Russian population. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:61. [PMID: 31122248 PMCID: PMC6533173 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBEV infection is responsible for a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from mild fever to severe neurological illness. Genetic factors involved in the host response to TBEV that may potentially play a role in the severity of the disease are still poorly understood. In this study, using whole-exome sequencing, we aimed to identify genetic variants and genes associated with severe forms of TBE as well as biological pathways through which the identified variants may influence the severity of the disease. Results Whole-exome sequencing data analysis was performed on 22 Russian patients with severe forms of TBE and 17 Russian individuals from the control group. We identified 2407 candidate genes harboring rare, potentially pathogenic variants in exomes of patients with TBE and not containing any rare, potentially pathogenic variants in exomes of individuals from the control group. According to DAVID tool, this set of 2407 genes was enriched with genes involved in extracellular matrix proteoglycans pathway and genes encoding proteins located at the cell periphery. A total of 154 genes/proteins from these functional groups have been shown to be involved in protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with the known candidate genes/proteins extracted from TBEVHostDB database. By ranking these genes according to the number of rare harmful minor alleles, we identified two genes (MSR1 and LMO7), harboring five minor alleles, and three genes (FLNA, PALLD, PKD1) harboring four minor alleles. When considering genes harboring genetic variants associated with severe forms of TBE at the suggestive P-value < 0.01, 46 genes containing harmful variants were identified. Out of these 46 genes, eight (MAP4, WDFY4, ACTRT2, KLHL25, MAP2K3, MBD1, OR10J1, and OR2T34) were additionally found among genes containing rare pathogenic variants identified in patients with TBE; and five genes (WDFY4,ALK, MAP4, BNIPL, EPPK1) were found to encode proteins that are involved in PPIs with proteins encoded by genes from TBEVHostDB. Three genes out of five (MAP4, EPPK1, ALK) were found to encode proteins located at cell periphery. Conclusions Whole-exome sequencing followed by systems biology approach enabled to identify eight candidate genes (MAP4, WDFY4, ACTRT2, KLHL25, MAP2K3, MBD1, OR10J1, and OR2T34) that can potentially determine predisposition to severe forms of TBE. Analyses of the genetic risk factors for severe forms of TBE revealed a significant enrichment with genes controlling extracellular matrix proteoglycans pathway as well as genes encoding components of cell periphery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0503-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Ignatieva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Bioinformatics and Theoretical Genetics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Yurchenko
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Genomics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Voevoda
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630004, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Yudin
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Genomics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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19
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Mamdani H, Jalal SI. Spotlight on the treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Manag 2019; 6:125-128. [PMID: 30643578 PMCID: PMC6310304 DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hirva Mamdani
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Hematology & Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shadia I Jalal
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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20
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Emdal KB, Pedersen AK, Bekker-Jensen DB, Lundby A, Claeys S, De Preter K, Speleman F, Francavilla C, Olsen JV. Integrated proximal proteomics reveals IRS2 as a determinant of cell survival in ALK-driven neuroblastoma. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/557/eaap9752. [PMID: 30459283 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aap9752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of the few druggable targets in neuroblastoma, and therapy resistance to ALK-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) comprises an inevitable clinical challenge. Therefore, a better understanding of the oncogenic signaling network rewiring driven by ALK is necessary to improve and guide future therapies. Here, we performed quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics on neuroblastoma cells treated with one of three clinically relevant ALK TKIs (crizotinib, LDK378, or lorlatinib) or an experimentally used ALK TKI (TAE684) to unravel aberrant ALK signaling pathways. Our integrated proximal proteomics (IPP) strategy included multiple signaling layers, such as the ALK interactome, phosphotyrosine interactome, phosphoproteome, and proteome. We identified the signaling adaptor protein IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate 2) as a major ALK target and an ALK TKI-sensitive signaling node in neuroblastoma cells driven by oncogenic ALK. TKI treatment decreased the recruitment of IRS2 to ALK and reduced the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated depletion of ALK or IRS2 decreased the phosphorylation of the survival-promoting kinase Akt and of a downstream target, the transcription factor FoxO3, and reduced the viability of three ALK-driven neuroblastoma cell lines. Collectively, our IPP analysis provides insight into the proximal architecture of oncogenic ALK signaling by revealing IRS2 as an adaptor protein that links ALK to neuroblastoma cell survival through the Akt-FoxO3 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Emdal
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biological Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna-Kathrine Pedersen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte B Bekker-Jensen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shana Claeys
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Functions, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Liu S, Liu X, Zhang X, Shi M, Wang H, Liu Y. Identification and biological evaluation of glycol diaryl ethers as novel anti-cancer agents through structure-based optimization of crizotinib. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1972-1980. [PMID: 30025202 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Crizotinib, a drug for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive and c-ros oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), was structurally optimized via a strategy of structure-based fragment replacing. Computational study showed it was beneficial for interaction of crizotinib and ALK to increase the distance between pyridyl ring and phenyl ring in crizotinib, and thus, a series of novel glycol diaryl ethers were synthesized. The in vitro anti-tumor activity of synthesized compounds was studied in NSCLC cell line H2228 and neurobalstoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Among the synthesized compounds, 9e exhibits stronger anti-cancer activity than crizotinib toward H2228 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.22 μM. Molecular docking indicated that a longer chain between pyridyl ring and phenyl ring enabled molecule to have new interaction with a neighboring small hydrophobic pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Meiyun Shi
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Hecheng Wang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
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Integrated molecular profiling of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood 2018; 131:1576-1586. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-798157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Targetable ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase fusions were detected in JMML patients without canonical RAS pathway mutations. Genome-wide methylation analysis identified the hypermethylation profile associated with poor clinical outcome.
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Holla VR, Elamin YY, Bailey AM, Johnson AM, Litzenburger BC, Khotskaya YB, Sanchez NS, Zeng J, Shufean MA, Shaw KR, Mendelsohn J, Mills GB, Meric-Bernstam F, Simon GR. ALK: a tyrosine kinase target for cancer therapy. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:a001115. [PMID: 28050598 PMCID: PMC5171696 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene plays an important physiologic role in the development of the brain and can be oncogenically altered in several malignancies, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). Most prevalent ALK alterations are chromosomal rearrangements resulting in fusion genes, as seen in ALCL and NSCLC. In other tumors, ALK copy-number gains and activating ALK mutations have been described. Dramatic and often prolonged responses are seen in patients with ALK alterations when treated with ALK inhibitors. Three of these—crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib—are now FDA approved for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC positive for ALK fusions. However, the emergence of resistance is universal. Newer ALK inhibitors and other targeting strategies are being developed to counteract the newly emergent mechanism(s) of ALK inhibitor resistance. This review outlines the recent developments in our understanding and treatment of tumors with ALK alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar R Holla
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yasir Y Elamin
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ann Marie Bailey
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Beate C Litzenburger
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yekaterina B Khotskaya
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Nora S Sanchez
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jia Zeng
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Md Abu Shufean
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kenna R Shaw
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - John Mendelsohn
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - George R Simon
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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24
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Şalaru DL, Arsenescu-Georgescu C, Chatzikyrkou C, Karagiannis J, Fischer A, Mertens PR. Midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, and its roles in atherogenesis and inflammatory kidney diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31:1781-1787. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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A causal link from ALK to hexokinase II overexpression and hyperactive glycolysis in EML4-ALK-positive lung cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:6132-6142. [PMID: 27132509 PMCID: PMC5093092 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A high rate of aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of malignant transformation. Accumulating evidence suggests that diverse regulatory mechanisms mediate this cancer-associated metabolic change seen in a wide spectrum of cancer. The echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) fusion protein is found in approximately 3-7% of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Molecular evidence and therapeutic effectiveness of FDA-approved ALK inhibitors indicated that EML4-ALK is a driving factor of lung tumorigenesis. A recent clinical study showed that NSCLC harboring EML4-ALK rearrangements displayed higher glucose metabolism compared to EML4-ALK-negative NSCLC. In the current work, we presented evidence that EML4-ALK is coupled to overexpression of hexokinase II (HK2), one of the rate-limiting enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The link from EML4-ALK to HK2 upregulation is essential for a high rate of glycolysis and proliferation of EML4-ALK-rearranged NSCLC cells. We identified hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) as a key transcription factor to drive HK2 gene expression in normoxia in these cells. EML4-ALK induced hypoxia-independent but glucose-dependent accumulation of HIF1α protein via both transcriptional activation of HIF1α mRNA and the PI3K-AKT pathway to enhance HIF1α protein synthesis. The EML4-ALK-mediated upregulation of HIF1α, HK2 and glycolytic metabolism was also highly active in vivo as demonstrated by FDG-PET imaging of xenografts grown from EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC cells. Our data reveal a novel EML4-ALK-HIF1α-HK2 cascade to enhance glucose metabolism in EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC.
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26
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Regairaz M, Munier F, Sartelet H, Castaing M, Marty V, Renauleaud C, Doux C, Delbé J, Courty J, Fabre M, Ohta S, Vielh P, Michiels S, Valteau-Couanet D, Vassal G. Mutation-Independent Activation of the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Neuroblastoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 186:435-45. [PMID: 26687816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) have been identified as important players in neuroblastoma development. Our goal was to evaluate the significance of overall ALK activation in neuroblastoma. Expression of phosphorylated ALK, ALK, and its putative ligands, pleiotrophin and midkine, was screened in 289 neuroblastomas and 56 paired normal tissues. ALK was expressed in 99% of tumors and phosphorylated in 48% of cases. Pleiotrophin and midkine were expressed in 58% and 79% of tumors, respectively. ALK activation was significantly higher in tumors than in paired normal tissues, together with ALK and midkine expression. ALK activation was largely independent of mutations and correlated with midkine expression in tumors. ALK activation in tumors was associated with favorable features, including a younger age at diagnosis, hyperdiploidy, and detection by mass screening. Antitumor activity of the ALK inhibitor TAE684 was evaluated in wild-type or mutated ALK neuroblastoma cell lines and xenografts. TAE684 was cytotoxic in vitro in all cell lines, especially those harboring an ALK mutation. TAE684 efficiently inhibited ALK phosphorylation in vivo in both F1174I and R1275Q xenografts but demonstrated antitumor activity only against the R1275Q xenograft. In conclusion, ALK activation occurs frequently during neuroblastoma oncogenesis, mainly through mutation-independent mechanisms. However, ALK activation is not associated with a poor outcome and is not always a driver of cell proliferation and/or survival in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Regairaz
- Laboratory for Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8203, Villejuif, France.
| | - Fabienne Munier
- Laboratory for Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Hervé Sartelet
- Laboratory for Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8203, Villejuif, France; Sainte Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Castaing
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Histocytopathology Unit, Laboratory of Translational Research, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Renauleaud
- Laboratory for Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Camille Doux
- Laboratory for Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Delbé
- Research on Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (CRRET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - José Courty
- Research on Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (CRRET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Monique Fabre
- Department of Pathology, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Philippe Vielh
- Histocytopathology Unit, Laboratory of Translational Research, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Pathology and Biobank, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Gilles Vassal
- Laboratory for Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8203, Villejuif, France.
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27
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He D, Chen H, Muramatsu H, Lasek AW. Ethanol activates midkine and anaplastic lymphoma kinase signaling in neuroblastoma cells and in the brain. J Neurochem 2015. [PMID: 26206265 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol engages signaling pathways in the brain. Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic factor that is over-expressed in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholics. MDK and one of its receptors, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), also regulate behavioral responses to ethanol in mice. The goal of this study was to determine whether MDK and ALK expression and signaling are activated by ethanol. We found that ethanol treatment of neuroblastoma cells increased MDK and ALK expression. We also assessed activation of ALK by ethanol in cells and found that ALK and ALK-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation increased rapidly with ethanol exposure. Similarly, treatment of cells with recombinant MDK protein increased ALK, ERK and STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting that ethanol may utilize MDK to activate ALK signaling. In support of this, transfection of cells with MDK siRNAs attenuated ALK signaling in response to ethanol. Ethanol also activates ERK signaling in the brain. We found that inhibition of ALK or knockout of MDK attenuated ethanol-induced ERK phosphorylation in mouse amygdala. These results demonstrate that ethanol engages MDK and ALK signaling, which has important consequences for alcohol-induced neurotoxicity and the regulation of behaviors related to alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong He
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hisako Muramatsu
- Faculty of Psychological and Physical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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28
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Xiao F, Wang S, Xing G, Li Y, Yin X, Lu K, Wei R, Fan J, Chen Y, Li T, Xie P, Yuan L, Song L, Ma L, Ding L, He F, Zhang L. CKIP-1 regulates macrophage proliferation by inhibiting TRAF6-mediated Akt activation. Cell Res 2014; 24:742-61. [PMID: 24777252 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play pivotal roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair and immunity. Macrophage proliferation is promoted by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced Akt signaling; yet, how this process is terminated remains unclear. Here, we identify casein kinase 2-interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) as a novel inhibitor of macrophage proliferation. In resting macrophages, CKIP-1 was phosphorylated at Serine 342 by constitutively active GSK3β, the downstream target of Akt. This phosphorylation triggers the polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of CKIP-1. Upon M-CSF stimulation, Akt is activated by CSF-1R-PI3K and then inactivates GSK3β, leading to the stabilization of CKIP-1 and β-catenin proteins. β-catenin promotes the expression of proliferation genes including cyclin D and c-Myc. CKIP-1 interacts with TRAF6, a ubiquitin ligase required for K63-linked ubiquitination and plasma membrane recruitment of Akt, and terminates TRAF6-mediated Akt activation. By this means, CKIP-1 inhibits macrophage proliferation specifically at the late stage after M-CSF stimulation. Furthermore, CKIP-1 deficiency results in increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of macrophages in vitro and CKIP-1(-/-) mice spontaneously develop a macrophage-dominated splenomegaly and myeloproliferation. Together, these data demonstrate that CKIP-1 plays a critical role in the regulation of macrophage homeostasis by inhibiting TRAF6-mediated Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxia Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guichun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiushan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, China National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lanzhi Ma
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lujing Ding
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China [2] Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
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29
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Fan N, Sun H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xia Z, Peng L, Hou Y, Shen W, Liu R, Peng Y. Midkine, a potential link between obesity and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88299. [PMID: 24516630 PMCID: PMC3917881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased production of inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue, which contributes to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor with potent proinflammatory activities. We aimed to test whether MK is associated with obesity and has a role in insulin resistance. It was found that MK was expressed in adipocytes and regulated by inflammatory modulators (TNF-α and rosiglitazone). In addition, a significant increase in MK levels was observed in adipose tissue of obese ob/ob mice as well as in serum of overweight/obese subjects when compared with their respective controls. In vitro studies further revealed that MK impaired insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as indicated by reduced phosphorylation of Akt and IRS-1 and decreased translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane in response to insulin stimulation. Moreover, MK activated the STAT3-suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) pathway in adipocytes. Thus, MK is a novel adipocyte-secreted factor associated with obesity and inhibition of insulin signaling in adipocytes. It may provide a potential link between obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengguang Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Songjiang Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Songjiang Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Songjiang Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Songjiang Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiang Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Songjiang Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Songjiang Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Gela A, Jovic S, Nordin SL, Egesten A. Midkine in host defence. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:859-69. [PMID: 24024937 PMCID: PMC3925024 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine (MK) shares several features in common with antibacterial proteins of the innate immune system. These include growth factor properties, heparin-binding regions and effects on immune cells, such as recruitment and activation of neutrophils and macrophages. Indeed, recent research has demonstrated potent bactericidal and fungicidal activities of MK. This protein is constitutively expressed at relevant concentrations at barriers of the body, such as the skin and the large airways, where the body first encounters potential pathogens. The antibacterial properties of MK orthologues are preserved during evolution, as exemplified by miple2 of Drosophila. In addition to retinoic acid, promoters of MK gene expression include factors present at sites of infection, reactive oxygen species, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and hypoxia. In the light of the development of resistance in pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics, MK is an interesting molecule that could serve as a template in developing novel therapeutic strategies against bacterial and fungal infections, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gela
- Section for Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Skåne University Hospital, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - S Jovic
- Section for Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Skåne University Hospital, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - S L Nordin
- Section for Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Skåne University Hospital, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - A Egesten
- Section for Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Skåne University Hospital, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
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31
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Muramatsu T. Structure and function of midkine as the basis of its pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:814-26. [PMID: 23992440 PMCID: PMC3925020 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor or cytokine and forms a small protein family, the other member of which is pleiotrophin. MK enhances survival, migration, cytokine expression, differentiation and other activities of target cells. MK is involved in various physiological processes, such as development, reproduction and repair, and also plays important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and malignant diseases. MK is largely composed of two domains, namely a more N-terminally located N-domain and a more C-terminally located C-domain. Both domains are basically composed of three antiparallel β-sheets. In addition, there are short tails in the N-terminal and C-terminal sides and a hinge connecting the two domains. Several membrane proteins have been identified as MK receptors: receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Z1 (PTPζ), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, integrins, neuroglycan C, anaplastic lymphoma kinase and Notch-2. Among them, the most established one is PTPζ. It is a transmembrane tyrosine phophatase with chondroitin sulfate, which is essential for high-affinity binding with MK. PI3K and MAPK play important roles in the downstream signalling system of MK, while transcription factors affected by MK signalling include NF-κB, Hes-1 and STATs. Because of the involvement of MK in various physiological and pathological processes, MK itself as well as pharmaceuticals targeting MK and its signalling system are expected to be valuable for the treatment of numerous diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muramatsu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasakicho, Nisshinn, Aichi, 470-0195, Japan. ,
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Ikeda S, Yamada M. Midkine and cytoplasmic maturation of mammalian oocytes in the context of ovarian follicle physiology. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:827-36. [PMID: 23889362 PMCID: PMC3925021 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine (MK) was originally characterized as a member of a distinct family of neurotrophic factors functioning in the CNS. However, it was later discovered that MK is abundantly expressed in ovarian follicles. Since then, the physiological roles of this molecule in the ovary have been steadily investigated. During the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes MK was shown to promote the cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes, as indicated by post-fertilization development. This effect of MK could be mediated via its pro-survival (anti-apoptotic) effects on the cumulus-granulosa cells that surround oocytes. The oocyte competence-promoting effects of MK are discussed in the context of the recently discovered involvement of MK in the full maturation of ovarian follicles. MK was at the frontline of a new paradigm for neurotrophic factors as oocytetrophic factors. MK may promote the developmental competence of oocytes via common signalling molecules with the other neurotrophic factor(s). Alternatively or concomitantly, MK may also interact with various transmembrane molecules on cumulus-granulosa cells, which are important for ovarian follicle growth, dominance and differentiation, and act as a unique pro-survival factor in ovarian follicles, such that MK promotes oocyte competence. MK, along with other ovarian neurotrophic factors, may contribute to the optimization of the IVM system. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masayasu Yamada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
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33
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The cytokine midkine supports neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation by promoting adhesion via β2 integrins (CD11/CD18). Blood 2014; 123:1887-96. [PMID: 24458438 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-510875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a role of the cytokine midkine (MK) in inflammation. In this study, its functional relevance for recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) during acute inflammation was investigated. Intravital microscopy and histologic analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated cremaster muscle venules revealed severely compromised leukocyte adhesion and extravasation in MK(-/-) mice compared with MK(+/+) animals. Systemic administration of recombinant MK completely rescued the adhesion defect in MK(-/-) mice. In a hind limb ischemia model, leukocyte accumulation in MK(-/-) mice was significantly diminished compared with MK(+/+) animals. However, MK did not lead to an inflammatory activation of PMNs or endothelial cells suggesting that it does not serve as classical proinflammatory cytokine. Unexpectedly, immobilized MK mediated PMN adhesion under static and flow conditions, whereas PMN-derived MK was dispensable for the induction of adhesion. Furthermore, adhesion strengthening remained unaffected by MK. Flow cytometry revealed that immobilized, but not soluble MK, significantly promoted the high affinity conformation of β2 integrins of PMNs. Blocking studies of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) suggested that LRP1 may act as a receptor for MK on PMNs. Thus, MK seems to support PMN adhesion by promoting the high affinity conformation of β2 integrins, thereby facilitating PMN trafficking during acute inflammation.
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ALK: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tyrosine kinases (TKs) are intimately involved in multiple signal transduction pathways regulating survival, activation, proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid cells. Deregulation or overexpression of specific oncogenic TKs is implicated in maintaining the malignant phenotype in B-lineage lymphoid malignancies. Several novel targeted TK inhibitors (TKIs) have recently emerged as active in the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphomas that inhibit critical signaling pathways, promote apoptotic mechanisms or modulate the tumor microenvironment. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize the clinical outcomes of newer TKIs in various B-cell lymphomas from published and ongoing clinical studies and abstracts from major cancer and hematology conferences. EXPERT OPINION Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that robust antitumor activity can be obtained with TKIs directed toward specific oncogenic TKs that are genetically deregulated in various subtypes of B-cell lymphomas. Clinical success of targeting TKIs is dependent upon on identifying reliable molecular and clinical markers associated with select cohorts of patients. Further understanding of the signaling pathways should stimulate the identification of novel molecular targets and expand the development of new therapeutic options and individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmond J D'Cruz
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Huang TT, Gonzales CB, Gu F, Hsu YT, Jadhav RR, Wang CM, Redding SW, Tseng CE, Lee CC, Thompson IM, Chen HR, Huang THM, Kirma NB. Epigenetic deregulation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene modulates mesenchymal characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1717-27. [PMID: 23568951 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands is associated with epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). We used a methyl-CpG-binding domain protein capture method coupled with next-generation sequencing (MBDCap-seq) to survey global DNA methylation patterns in OSCCs with and without nodal metastasis and normal mucosa (total n = 58). Of 1462 differentially methylated CpG islands identified in OSCCs relative to normal controls, MBDCap-seq profiling uncovered 359 loci linked to lymph node metastasis. Interactive network analysis revealed a subset of these loci (n = 23), including the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, are potential regulators and effectors of invasiveness and metastatic progression. Promoter methylation of ALK was preferentially observed in OSCCs without node metastasis, whereas relatively lower methylation levels were present in metastatic tumors, implicating an active state of ALK transcription in the latter group. The OSCC cell line, SCC4, displayed reduced ALK expression that corresponded to extensive promoter CpG island methylation. SCC4 treatment with demethylating agents induced ALK expression and increased invasion and migration characteristics. Inhibition of ALK activity in OSCC cells with high ALK expression (CAL27, HSC3 and SCC25), decreased cell growth and resulted in changes in invasive potential and mesenchymal marker expression that were cell-line dependent. Although ALK is susceptible to epigenetic silencing during oral tumorigenesis, overwriting this default state may be necessary for modulating invasive processes involved in nodal metastases. Given the complex response of OSCC cells to ALK inhibition, future studies are required to assess the feasibility of targeting ALK to treat invasive OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Ta Huang
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Wellstein A. ALK receptor activation, ligands and therapeutic targeting in glioblastoma and in other cancers. Front Oncol 2012; 2:192. [PMID: 23267434 PMCID: PMC3525999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fragment shows striking homology with members of the insulin receptor family and was initially identified as an oncogenic fusion protein resulting from a translocation in lymphoma and more recently in a range of cancers. The full-length ALK transmembrane receptor of ~220 kDa was identified based on this initial work. This tyrosine kinase receptor and its ligands, the growth factors pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK) are highly expressed during development of the nervous system and other organs. Each of these genes has been implicated in malignant progression of different tumor types and shown to alter phenotypes as well as signal transduction in cultured normal and tumor cells. Beyond its role in cancer, the ALK receptor pathway is thought to contribute to nervous system development, function, and repair, as well as metabolic homeostasis and the maintenance of tissue regeneration. ALK receptor activity in cancer can be up-regulated by amplification, overexpression, ligand binding, mutations in the intracellular domain of the receptor and by activity of the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPRz. Here we discuss the evidence for ligand control of ALK activity as well as the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications from gene expression and functional studies. An analysis of 18 published gene expression data sets from different cancers shows that overexpression of ALK, its smaller homolog LTK (leukocyte tyrosine kinase) and the ligands PTN and MK in cancer tissues from patients correlate significantly with worse course and outcome of the disease. This observation together with preclinical functional studies suggests that this pathway could be a valid therapeutic target for which complementary targeting strategies with small molecule kinase inhibitors as well as antibodies to ligands or the receptors may be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown UniversityWashington, DC, USA
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Rosenfield SM, Bowden ET, Cohen-Missner S, Gibby KA, Ory V, Henke RT, Riegel AT, Wellstein A. Pleiotrophin (PTN) expression and function and in the mouse mammary gland and mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47876. [PMID: 23077670 PMCID: PMC3471873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the heparin-binding growth factor, pleiotrophin (PTN) in the mammary gland has been reported but its function during mammary gland development is not known. We examined the expression of PTN and its receptor ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) at various stages of mouse mammary gland development and found that their expression in epithelial cells is regulated in parallel during pregnancy. A 30-fold downregulation of PTN mRNA expression was observed during mid-pregnancy when the mammary gland undergoes lobular-alveolar differentiation. After weaning of pups, PTN expression was restored although baseline expression of PTN was reduced significantly in mammary glands of mice that had undergone multiple pregnancies. We found PTN expressed in epithelial cells of the mammary gland and thus used a monoclonal anti-PTN blocking antibody to elucidate its function in cultured mammary epithelial cells (MECs) as well as during gland development. Real-time impedance monitoring of MECs growth, migration and invasion during anti-PTN blocking antibody treatment showed that MECs motility and invasion but not proliferation depend on the activity of endogenous PTN. Increased number of mammospheres with laminin deposition after anti-PTN blocking antibody treatment of MECs in 3D culture and expression of progenitor markers suggest that the endogenously expressed PTN inhibits the expansion and differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells by disrupting cell-matrix adhesion. In vivo, PTN activity was found to inhibit ductal outgrowth and branching via the inhibition of phospho ERK1/2 signaling in the mammary epithelial cells. We conclude that PTN delays the maturation of the mammary gland by maintaining mammary epithelial cells in a progenitor phenotype and by inhibiting their differentiation during mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M. Rosenfield
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Emma T. Bowden
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shani Cohen-Missner
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Krissa A. Gibby
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Virginie Ory
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Ralf T. Henke
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lorente M, Torres S, Salazar M, Carracedo A, Hernández-Tiedra S, Rodríguez-Fornés F, García-Taboada E, Meléndez B, Mollejo M, Campos-Martín Y, Lakatosh SA, Barcia J, Guzmán M, Velasco G. Stimulation of the midkine/ALK axis renders glioma cells resistant to cannabinoid antitumoral action. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:959-73. [PMID: 21233844 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the molecular mechanisms responsible for the resistance of gliomas to anticancer treatments is an issue of great therapeutic interest. Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major active ingredient of marijuana, and other cannabinoids inhibit tumor growth in animal models of cancer, including glioma, an effect that relies, at least in part, on the stimulation of autophagy-mediated apoptosis in tumor cells. Here, by analyzing the gene expression profile of a large series of human glioma cells with different sensitivity to cannabinoid action, we have identified a subset of genes specifically associated to THC resistance. One of these genes, namely that encoding the growth factor midkine (Mdk), is directly involved in the resistance of glioma cells to cannabinoid treatment. We also show that Mdk mediates its protective effect via the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor and that Mdk signaling through ALK interferes with cannabinoid-induced autophagic cell death. Furthermore, in vivo Mdk silencing or ALK pharmacological inhibition sensitizes cannabinod-resistant tumors to THC antitumoral action. Altogether, our findings identify Mdk as a pivotal factor involved in the resistance of glioma cells to THC pro-autophagic and antitumoral action, and suggest that selective targeting of the Mdk/ALK axis could help to improve the efficacy of antitumoral therapies for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Muramatsu T. Midkine: a promising molecule for drug development to treat diseases of the central nervous system. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17:410-23. [PMID: 21375488 PMCID: PMC3267162 DOI: 10.2174/138161211795164167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding cytokine, and promotes growth, survival, migration and other activities of target cells. After describing the general properties of MK, this review focuses on MK and MK inhibitors as therapeutics for diseases in the central nervous system. MK is strongly expressed during embryogenesis especially at the midgestation period, but is expressed only at restricted sites in adults. MK expression is induced upon tissue injury such as ischemic brain damage. Since exogenously administered MK or the gene transfer of MK suppresses neuronal cell death in experimental systems, MK has the potential to treat cerebral infarction. MK might become important also in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. MK is involved in inflammatory diseases by enhancing migration of leukocytes, inducing chemokine production and suppressing regulatory T cells. Since an aptamer to MK suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalitis, MK inhibitors are promising for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. MK is overexpressed in most malignant tumors including glioblastoma, and is involved in tumor invasion. MK inhibitors may be of value in the treatment of glioblastoma. Furthermore, an oncolytic adenovirus, whose replication is under the control of the MK promoter, inhibits the growth of glioblastoma xenografts. MK inhibitors under development include antibodies, aptamers, glycosaminoglycans, peptides and low molecular weight compounds. siRNA and antisense oligoDNA have proved effective against malignant tumors and inflammatory diseases in experimental systems. Practical information concerning the development of MK and MK inhibitors as therapeutics is described in the final part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi 470-0195, Japan.
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Muramatsu T. Midkine, a heparin-binding cytokine with multiple roles in development, repair and diseases. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:410-425. [PMID: 20431264 PMCID: PMC3417803 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Midkine is a heparin-binding cytokine or a growth factor with a molecular weight of 13 kDa. Midkine binds to oversulfated structures in heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. The midkine receptor is a molecular complex containing proteoglycans. Midkine promotes migration, survival and other activities of target cells. Midkine has about 50% sequence identity with pleiotrophin. Mice deficient in both factors exhibit severe abnormalities including female infertility. In adults, midkine is expressed in damaged tissues and involved in the reparative process. It is also involved in inflammatory reactions by promoting the migration of leukocytes, induction of chemokines and suppression of regulatory T cells. Midkine is expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and promotes their growth and invasion. Midkine appears to be helpful for the treatment of injuries in the heart, brain, spinal cord and retina. Midkine inhibitors are expected to be effective in the treatment of malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, renal diseases, restenosis, hypertension and adhesion after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University. 12 Araike, Aichi, Japan.
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Stylianou DC, Auf der Maur A, Kodack DP, Henke RT, Hohn S, Toretsky JA, Riegel AT, Wellstein A. Effect of single-chain antibody targeting of the ligand-binding domain in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor. Oncogene 2009; 28:3296-306. [PMID: 19633684 PMCID: PMC4312131 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase receptor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and its ligand, the growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN), are highly expressed during the development of the nervous system and have been implicated in the malignant progression of different tumor types. Here, we describe human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies that target the ligand-binding domain (LBD) in ALK and show the effect in vitro and in vivo. The ALK LBD was used as a bait in a yeast two-hybdrid system to select human scFv from a library with randomized complementarity-determining region 3 domains. Surface plasmon resonance showed high-affinity binding of the selected scFv. The anti-ALK scFv competed for binding of PTN to ALK in intact cells and inhibited PTN-dependent signal transduction through endogenous ALK. Invasion of an intact endothelial cell monolayer by U87MG human glioblastoma cells was inhibited by the anti-ALK scFv. In addition, the growth of established tumor xenografts in mice was reversed after the induction of the conditional expression of the anti-ALK scFv. In archival malignant brain tumors expression levels of ALK and PTN were found elevated and appear correlated with poor patient survival. This suggests a rate-limiting function of the PTN/ALK interaction that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- DC Stylianou
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - DP Kodack
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - RT Henke
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - S Hohn
- Esbatech AG, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - JA Toretsky
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - AT Riegel
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - A Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
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Abstract
RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases) play important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In addition, RTKs reveal oncogenic potential when their kinase activities are constitutively enhanced by point mutation, amplification or rearrangement of the corresponding genes. The ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) RTK was originally identified as a member of the insulin receptor subfamily of RTKs that acquires transforming capability when truncated and fused to NPM (nucleophosmin) in the t(2;5) chromosomal rearrangement associated with ALCL (anaplastic large cell lymphoma). To date, many chromosomal rearrangements leading to enhanced ALK activity have been described and are implicated in a number of cancer types. Recent reports of the EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4)–ALK oncoprotein in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), together with the identification of activating point mutations in neuroblastoma, have highlighted ALK as a significant player and target for drug development in cancer. In the present review we address the role of ALK in development and disease and discuss implications for the future.
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Li R, Morris SW. Development of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) small-molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:372-412. [PMID: 17694547 DOI: 10.1002/med.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in the genesis of several human cancers; indeed, ALK was initially identified in constitutively activated and oncogenic fusion forms--the most common being nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK--in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) known as anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and subsequent studies identified ALK fusions in the human sarcomas called inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). In addition, two recent reports have suggested that the ALK fusion, TPM4-ALK, may be involved in the genesis of a subset of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. While the cause-effect relationship between ALK fusions and malignancies such as ALCL and IMT is very well established, more circumstantial links implicate the involvement of the full-length, normal ALK receptor in the genesis of additional malignancies including glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and others; in these instances, ALK is believed to foster tumorigenesis following activation by autocrine and/or paracrine growth loops involving the reported ALK ligands, pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK). There are no currently available ALK small-molecule inhibitors approved for clinical cancer therapy; however, recognition of the variety of malignancies in which ALK may play a causative role has recently begun to prompt developmental efforts in this area. This review provides a succinct summary of normal ALK biology, the confirmed and putative roles of ALK fusions and the full-length ALK receptor in the development of human cancers, and efforts to target ALK using small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- High-Throughput Medicinal Chemistry, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, 16981 Via Tazon, Suites K, San Diego, California 92127, USA.
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