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Li Y, Liu X, Chang Y, Fan B, Shangguan C, Chen H, Zhang L. Identification and Validation of a DNA Damage Repair-Related Signature for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2645090. [PMID: 36281462 PMCID: PMC9587677 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2645090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, whose prognostic scoring system remains to be improved. Dysfunction of DNA repair genes is closely associated with the development and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The aim of this study was to establish and validate a DNA repair-related gene signature associated with the prognosis of DLBCL and to investigate the clinical predictive value of this signature. METHODS DLBCL cases were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. One hundred ninety-nine DNA repair-related gene sets were retrieved from the GeneCards database. The LASSO Cox regression was used to generate the DNA repair-related gene signature. Subsequently, the level of immune cell infiltration and the correlation between the gene signature and immune cells were analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Based on the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database, the relationship between the signature and drug sensitivity was analyzed, and together with the nomogram and gene set variation analysis (GSVA), the value of the signature for clinical application was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 14 DNA repair genes were screened out and included in the final risk model. Subgroup analysis of the training and validation cohorts showed that the risk model accurately predicted overall survival of DLBCL patients, with patients in the high-risk group having a worse prognosis than patients in the low-risk group. Subsequently, the risk score was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, by CIBERSORT analysis, we discovered that immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), activated memory CD4+ T cells, and gamma delta T cells showed significant differences between the high- and low-risk groups. In addition, we found some interesting associations of our signature with immune checkpoint genes (CD96, TGFBR1, and TIGIT). By analyzing drug sensitivity data in the GDSC database, we were able to identify potential therapeutics for DLBCL patients stratified according to our signature. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified and validated a 14-DNA repair-related gene signature for stratification and prognostic prediction of DLBCL patients, which might guide clinical personalization of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiyang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Bingjie Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chenxing Shangguan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Li J, Tian L, Jing Z, Guo Z, Nan P, Liu F, Zou S, Yang L, Xie X, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Sun W, Sun Y, Zhao X. Cytoplasmic RAD23B interacts with CORO1C to synergistically promote colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 516:13-27. [PMID: 34062216 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are characterized by diffuse infiltration of tumor cells into the regional lymph nodes and metastasis to distant organs, and its highly invasive nature contributes to disease recurrence and poor outcomes. The molecular mechanisms underlying CRC cell invasion remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified the upregulation of DNA damage repair-related protein RAD23B in CRC cells and tissues and showed that it associates with coronin 1C or coronin 3 (CORO1C) to facilitate invasion. We found that knockdown of RAD23B expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed the talin1/2/integrin/FAK/RhoA/Rac1/CORO1C signaling pathways. Interestingly, RAD23B interacted and co-localized with CORO1C, and CORO1C aggregated toward the margin of cancer cells in both CRC cells and tissues when RAD23B overexpressed. Mechanistically, overexpression of RAD23B and/or CORO1C further increased invadopodia formation and matrix degradation in SW480 and HCT8 CRC cells. Conversely, silencing of RAD23B expression suppressed tumorigenesis and liver metastasis in xenotransplant murine models. Furthermore, we found that RAD23B was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues (n = 720) compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues (n = 694) of patients with CRC. Finally, we identified a strong correlation between higher levels of cytoplasmic expression of RAD23B, and poor prognosis and liver metastasis in CRC patients. Taken together, our data highlight a novel RAD23B-CORO1C signaling axis in CRC cell invasion and metastasis that may be of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lusong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zongpan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangmei Zou
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yulin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Transcriptomic Changes Associated with Loss of Cell Viability Induced by Oxysterol Treatment of a Retinal Photoreceptor-Derived Cell Line: An In Vitro Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052339. [PMID: 33652836 PMCID: PMC7956713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) results from mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme DHCR7, which catalyzes conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) to cholesterol (CHOL). Rats treated with a DHCR7 inhibitor serve as a SLOS animal model, and exhibit progressive photoreceptor-specific cell death, with accumulation of 7DHC and oxidized sterols. To understand the basis of this cell type specificity, we performed transcriptomic analyses on a photoreceptor-derived cell line (661W), treating cells with two 7DHC-derived oxysterols, which accumulate in tissues and bodily fluids of SLOS patients and in the rat SLOS model, as well as with CHOL (negative control), and evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each treatment. Gene enrichment analysis and compilation of DEG sets indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair, and autophagy were all highly up-regulated pathways in oxysterol-treated cells. Detailed analysis indicated that the two oxysterols exert their effects via different molecular mechanisms. Changes in expression of key genes in highlighted pathways (Hmox1, Ddit3, Trib3, and Herpud1) were validated by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The results extend our understanding of the pathobiology of retinal degeneration and SLOS, identifying potential new druggable targets for therapeutic intervention into these and other related orphan diseases.
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Akande OE, Damle PK, Pop M, Sherman NE, Szomju BB, Litovchick LV, Grossman SR. DBC1 Regulates p53 Stability via Inhibition of CBP-Dependent p53 Polyubiquitination. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3323-3335.e4. [PMID: 30893604 PMCID: PMC6478392 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of p53 protein stability is critical to its tumor suppressor functions. The CREB binding protein (CBP) transcriptional co-activator co-operates with MDM2 to maintain normally low physiological p53 levels in cells via exclusively cytoplasmic E4 polyubiquitination activity. Using mass spectrometry to identify nuclear and cytoplasmic CBP-interacting proteins that regulate compartmentalized CBP E4 activity, we identified deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) as a stoichiometric CBP-interacting protein that negatively regulates CBP-dependent p53 polyubiquitination, stabilizes p53, and augments p53-dependent apoptosis. TCGA analysis demonstrated that solid tumors often retain wild-type p53 alleles in conjunction with DBC1 loss, supporting the hypothesis that DBC1 is selected for disruption during carcinogenesis as a surrogate for p53 functional loss. Because DBC1 maintains p53 stability in the nucleus, where p53 exerts its tumor-suppressive transcriptional function, replacement of DBC1 functionality in DBC1-deleted tumors might enhance p53 function and chemosensitivity for therapeutic benefit. Akande et al. describe DBC1 as a negative regulator of CBP p53-directed ubiquitin ligase activity that maintains nuclear p53 stability. DBC1 loss may be selected in tumors to inactivate the p53 pathway. Because expression of DBC1 enhances p53-dependent apoptosis, restoration of DBC1 in null tumors may be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin E Akande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Priyadarshan K Damle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas E Sherman
- W.M. Keck Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Barbara B Szomju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Larisa V Litovchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven R Grossman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA.
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MicroRNA-196b enhances the radiosensitivity of SNU-638 gastric cancer cells by targeting RAD23B. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:362-369. [PMID: 29864624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is characterized by resistance to ionizing radiation. The development of resistance to radiotherapy in gastric cancer patients is one of the obstacles to effective radiotherapy. MicroRNAs are small well-conserved non-coding RNA species that regulate post-transcriptional activation. Our study aimed to investigate the role of miR-196b in radiation-induced gastric cancer. In the present study, we found that miR-196b expression was significantly reduced following radiation. The ectopic miR-196b expression sensitized SNU-638 gastric cancer cells and increased γ-H2AX foci upon radiation treatment. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the DNA repair protein RAD23B was a putative target gene of miR-196b. Overexpression of miR-196b suppressed RAD23B expression in SNU-638 cells. Reporter assays further showed that miR-196b inhibited RAD23B 3'-UTR luciferase activity. Knockdown of RAD23B by small interfering RNA transfection closely mimicked the outcomes of miR-196b transfection, leading to impaired DNA damage repair in gastric cancer cells. Our results show that miR-196b improved radiosensitivity of SNU-638 cells by targeting RAD23B. Our data indicate that miR-196b is a potential target to enhance the effect of radiation treatment on gastric cancer cells. These findings will provide evidence for a new therapeutic target in radiotherapy.
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Yokoi M, Hanaoka F. Two mammalian homologs of yeast Rad23, HR23A and HR23B, as multifunctional proteins. Gene 2017; 597:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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dDsk2 regulates H2Bub1 and RNA polymerase II pausing at dHP1c complex target genes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7049. [PMID: 25916810 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
dDsk2 is a conserved extraproteasomal ubiquitin receptor that targets ubiquitylated proteins for degradation. Here we report that dDsk2 plays a nonproteolytic function in transcription regulation. dDsk2 interacts with the dHP1c complex, localizes at promoters of developmental genes and is required for transcription. Through the ubiquitin-binding domain, dDsk2 interacts with H2Bub1, a modification that occurs at dHP1c complex-binding sites. H2Bub1 is not required for binding of the complex; however, dDsk2 depletion strongly reduces H2Bub1. Co-depletion of the H2Bub1 deubiquitylase dUbp8/Nonstop suppresses this reduction and rescues expression of target genes. RNA polymerase II is strongly paused at promoters of dHP1c complex target genes and dDsk2 depletion disrupts pausing. Altogether, these results suggest that dDsk2 prevents dUbp8/Nonstop-dependent H2Bub1 deubiquitylation at promoters of dHP1c complex target genes and regulates RNA polymerase II pausing. These results expand the catalogue of nonproteolytic functions of ubiquitin receptors to the epigenetic regulation of chromatin modifications.
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Sudhakar JN, Chow KC. Human RAD23 homolog A is required for the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor during induction of cell death. Biol Cell 2014; 106:359-76. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janaki N. Sudhakar
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Chih Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan, Republic of China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Centre; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sparks A, Dayal S, Das J, Robertson P, Menendez S, Saville MK. The degradation of p53 and its major E3 ligase Mdm2 is differentially dependent on the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor S5a. Oncogene 2013; 33:4685-96. [PMID: 24121268 PMCID: PMC4051618 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
p53 and its major E3 ligase Mdm2 are both ubiquitinated and targeted to the proteasome for degradation. Despite the importance of this in regulating the p53 pathway, little is known about the mechanisms of proteasomal recognition of ubiquitinated p53 and Mdm2. In this study, we show that knockdown of the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor S5a/PSMD4/Rpn10 inhibits p53 protein degradation and results in the accumulation of ubiquitinated p53. Overexpression of a dominant-negative deletion of S5a lacking its ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIM)s, but which can be incorporated into the proteasome, also causes the stabilization of p53. Furthermore, small-interferring RNA (siRNA) rescue experiments confirm that the UIMs of S5a are required for the maintenance of low p53 levels. These observations indicate that S5a participates in the recognition of ubiquitinated p53 by the proteasome. In contrast, targeting S5a has no effect on the rate of degradation of Mdm2, indicating that proteasomal recognition of Mdm2 can be mediated by an S5a-independent pathway. S5a knockdown results in an increase in the transcriptional activity of p53. The selective stabilization of p53 and not Mdm2 provides a mechanism for p53 activation. Depletion of S5a causes a p53-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, demonstrating that p53 can have a dominant role in the response to targeting S5a. This study provides evidence for alternative pathways of proteasomal recognition of p53 and Mdm2. Differences in recognition by the proteasome could provide a means to modulate the relative stability of p53 and Mdm2 in response to cellular signals. In addition, they could be exploited for p53-activating therapies. This work shows that the degradation of proteins by the proteasome can be selectively dependent on S5a in human cells, and that this selectivity can extend to an E3 ubiquitin ligase and its substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sparks
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - S Dayal
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Das
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - P Robertson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - S Menendez
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M K Saville
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Lee HH, Park C, Jeong JW, Kim MJ, Seo MJ, Kang BW, Park JU, Kim GY, Choi BT, Choi YH, Jeong YK. Apoptosis induction of human prostate carcinoma cells by cordycepin through reactive oxygen species‑mediated mitochondrial death pathway. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1036-44. [PMID: 23292300 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is the main functional component of Cordyceps militaris, which has been widely used in oriental traditional medicine. This compound has been shown to possess many pharmacological properties, such as enhancing the body's immune function, and anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and anticancer effects. In the present study, we investigated the apoptotic effects of cordycepin in human prostate carcinoma cells. We found that treatment with cordycepin significantly inhibited cell growth by inducing apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Apoptosis induction of PC-3 cells by cordycepin showed correlation with proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8, and concomitant degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases, collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, cordycepin treatment resulted in an increase of the Bax/Bcl-2 (or Bcl-xL) ratio, downregulation of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family members, Bax conformational changes, and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol. The cordycepin-induced apoptosis was also associated with the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the quenching of ROS generation with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine conferred significant protection against cordycepin-elicited ROS generation, disruption of the MMP, modulation of Bcl-2 and IAP family proteins, caspase-3 and -9 activation and apoptosis. This indicates that the cellular ROS generation plays a pivotal role in the initiation of cordycepin-triggered apoptotic death. Collectively, our findings suggest that cordycepin is a potent inducer of apoptosis of prostate cancer cells via a mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway and that this agent may be of value in the development of a potential therapeutic candidate for both the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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Selvakumar K, Krishnamoorthy G, Venkataraman P, Arunakaran J. Reactive oxygen species induced oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis and alternative death pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.41003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shen YH, Chen BR, Cherng SH, Chueh PJ, Tan X, Lin YW, Lin JC, Chuang SM. Cisplatin transiently up-regulates hHR23 expression through enhanced translational efficiency in A549 adenocarcinoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:341-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wu YH, Wu TC, Liao JW, Yeh KT, Chen CY, Lee H. p53 Dysfunction by Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C Defects Enhance Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis via Increased Mmp1 Expression. Cancer Res 2010; 70:10422-32. [PMID: 21056989 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Wu
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Xirodimas DP, Scheffner M. Ubiquitin Family Members in the Regulation of the Tumor Suppressor p53. Subcell Biochem 2010; 54:116-135. [PMID: 21222278 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6676-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is deregulated in most if not all human cancers. Thus, the past two decades have witnessed intense efforts to identify and characterize the growth-suppressive properties of p53 as well as the proteins and mechanisms involved in regulating p53 activity. In retrospect, it may therefore not be surprising that p53 was one of the very first mammalian proteins that were identified as physiologically relevant substrate proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Since then, plenty of evidence has been accumulated that p53 is in part controlled by canonical (i.e., resulting in proteasome-mediated degradation) and noncanonical (i.e., nonproteolytic) ubiquitination and by modification with the ubiquitin family members SUMO-1 and NED 8. In this chapter, we will largely neglect the plethora of mechanisms that have been reported to be involved in the regulation of p53 ubiquitination but will focus on the enzymes and components of the respective conjugation systems that have been implicated in p53 modification and how the respective modifications (ubiquitin, SUMO-1, NED 8) may impinge on p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris P Xirodimas
- Division of Gene Expression and Regulation, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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CBP and p300 are cytoplasmic E4 polyubiquitin ligases for p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:16275-80. [PMID: 19805293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0904305106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) act as multifunctional regulators of p53 via acetylase and polyubiquitin ligase (E4) activities. Prior work in vitro has shown that the N-terminal 595 aa of p300 encode both generic ubiquitin ligase (E3) and p53-directed E4 functions. Analysis of p300 or CBP-deficient cells revealed that both coactivators were required for endogenous p53 polyubiquitination and the normally rapid turnover of p53 in unstressed cells. Unexpectedly, p300/CBP ubiquitin ligase activities were absent in nuclear extracts and exclusively cytoplasmic. Consistent with the cytoplasmic localization of its E3/E4 activity, CBP deficiency specifically stabilized cytoplasmic, but not nuclear p53. The N-terminal 616 aa of CBP, which includes the conserved Zn(2+)-binding C/H1-TAZ1 domain, was the minimal domain sufficient to destabilize p53 in vivo, and it included within an intrinsic E3 autoubiquitination activity and, in a two-step E4 assay, exhibited robust E4 activity for p53. Cytoplasmic compartmentalization of p300/CBP's ubiquitination function reconciles seemingly opposed functions and explains how a futile cycle is avoided-cytoplasmic p300/CBP E4 activities ubiquitinate and destabilize p53, while physically separate nuclear p300/CBP activities, such as p53 acetylation, activate p53.
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Waters LS, Minesinger BK, Wiltrout ME, D'Souza S, Woodruff RV, Walker GC. Eukaryotic translesion polymerases and their roles and regulation in DNA damage tolerance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 73:134-54. [PMID: 19258535 PMCID: PMC2650891 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00034-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance machineries are crucial to overcome the vast array of DNA damage that a cell encounters during its lifetime. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the eukaryotic DNA damage tolerance pathway translesion synthesis (TLS), a process in which specialized DNA polymerases replicate across from DNA lesions. TLS aids in resistance to DNA damage, presumably by restarting stalled replication forks or filling in gaps that remain in the genome due to the presence of DNA lesions. One consequence of this process is the potential risk of introducing mutations. Given the role of these translesion polymerases in mutagenesis, we discuss the significant regulatory mechanisms that control the five known eukaryotic translesion polymerases: Rev1, Pol zeta, Pol kappa, Pol eta, and Pol iota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Waters
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 68, Room 653, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Dantuma NP, Heinen C, Hoogstraten D. The ubiquitin receptor Rad23: at the crossroads of nucleotide excision repair and proteasomal degradation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009; 8:449-60. [PMID: 19223247 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A protein that exemplifies the intimate link between the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) and DNA repair is the yeast nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein Rad23 and its human orthologs hHR23A and hHR23B. Rad23, which was originally identified as an important factor involved in the recognition of DNA lesions, also plays a central role in targeting ubiquitylated proteins for proteasomal degradation, an activity that it shares with other ubiquitin receptors like Dsk2 and Ddi1. Although the finding that Rad23 serves as a ubiquitin receptor explains to a large extent its importance in proteasomal degradation, the precise mode of action of Rad23 in NER and the possible link with the UPS is less clear. In this review, we discuss our present knowledge on the functions of Rad23 in protein degradation and DNA repair and speculate on the importance of the dual roles of Rad23 for the cell's ability to cope with stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico P Dantuma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Medical Nobel Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Soria G, Speroni J, Podhajcer OL, Prives C, Gottifredi V. p21 differentially regulates DNA replication and DNA-repair-associated processes after UV irradiation. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3271-82. [PMID: 18782865 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.027730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although p21 upregulation is required to block cell-cycle progression following many types of genotoxic insult, UV irradiation triggers p21 proteolysis. The significance of the increased p21 turnover is unclear and might be associated with DNA repair. While the role of p21 in nucleotide excision repair (NER) remains controversial, recent reports have explored its effect on translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), a process that avoids replication blockage during S phase. Herein, we analyze the effect of p21 on different PCNA-driven processes including DNA replication, NER and TLS. Whereas only the CDK-binding domain of p21 is required for cell-cycle arrest in unstressed cells, neither the CDK-binding nor the PCNA-binding domain of p21 is able to block early and late steps of NER. Intriguingly, through its PCNA-binding domain, p21 inhibits the interaction of the TLS polymerase, pol eta (pol eta), with PCNA and impairs the assembly of pol eta foci after UV. Moreover, this obstruction correlates with accumulation of phosphorylated H2AX and increased apoptosis. By showing that p21 is a negative regulator of PCNA-pol eta interaction, our data unveil a link between efficient TLS and UV-induced degradation of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Soria
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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The Oncoprotein SS18-SSX1 Promotes p53 Ubiquitination and Degradation by Enhancing HDM2 Stability. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:127-38. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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