1
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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Pin1-catalyzed conformational regulation after phosphorylation: A distinct checkpoint in cell signaling and drug discovery. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi8743. [PMID: 38889227 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi8743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms regulating cellular signaling pathways, and many kinases and phosphatases are proven drug targets. Upon phosphorylation, protein functions can be further regulated by the distinct isomerase Pin1 through cis-trans isomerization. Numerous protein targets and many important roles have now been elucidated for Pin1. However, no tools are available to detect or target cis and trans conformation events in cells. The development of Pin1 inhibitors and stereo- and phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that cis and trans conformations have distinct and often opposing cellular functions. Aberrant conformational changes due to the dysregulation of Pin1 can drive pathogenesis but can be effectively targeted in age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles of Pin1 signaling in health and disease and highlight conformational regulation as a distinct signal transduction checkpoint in disease development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
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2
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Anto NP, Muraleedharan A, Nath PR, Sun Z, Keasar C, Livneh E, Braiman A, Altman A, Kong KF, Isakov N. The Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans isomerase, Pin1, associates with Protein Kinase C θ via a critical Phospho-Thr-Pro motif in the V3 regulatory domain. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126464. [PMID: 36969236 PMCID: PMC10031136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C-θ (PKCθ) is a member of the novel PKC subfamily known for its selective and predominant expression in T lymphocytes where it regulates essential functions required for T cell activation and proliferation. Our previous studies provided a mechanistic explanation for the recruitment of PKCθ to the center of the immunological synapse (IS) by demonstrating that a proline-rich (PR) motif within the V3 region in the regulatory domain of PKCθ is necessary and sufficient for PKCθ IS localization and function. Herein, we highlight the importance of Thr335-Pro residue in the PR motif, the phosphorylation of which is key in the activation of PKCθ and its subsequent IS localization. We demonstrate that the phospho-Thr335-Pro motif serves as a putative binding site for the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), Pin1, an enzyme that specifically recognizes peptide bonds at phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro motifs. Binding assays revealed that mutagenesis of PKCθ-Thr335-to-Ala abolished the ability of PKCθ to interact with Pin1, while Thr335 replacement by a Glu phosphomimetic, restored PKCθ binding to Pin1, suggesting that Pin1-PKCθ association is contingent upon the phosphorylation of the PKCθ-Thr335-Pro motif. Similarly, the Pin1 mutant, R17A, failed to associate with PKCθ, suggesting that the integrity of the Pin1 N-terminal WW domain is a requisite for Pin1-PKCθ interaction. In silico docking studies underpinned the role of critical residues in the Pin1-WW domain and the PKCθ phospho-Thr335-Pro motif, to form a stable interaction between Pin1 and PKCθ. Furthermore, TCR crosslinking in human Jurkat T cells and C57BL/6J mouse-derived splenic T cells promoted a rapid and transient formation of Pin1-PKCθ complexes, which followed a T cell activation-dependent temporal kinetic, suggesting a role for Pin1 in PKCθ-dependent early activation events in TCR-triggered T cells. PPIases that belong to other subfamilies, i.e., cyclophilin A or FK506-binding protein, failed to associate with PKCθ, indicating the specificity of the Pin1-PKCθ association. Fluorescent cell staining and imaging analyses demonstrated that TCR/CD3 triggering promotes the colocalization of PKCθ and Pin1 at the cell membrane. Furthermore, interaction of influenza hemagglutinin peptide (HA307-319)-specific T cells with antigen-fed antigen presenting cells (APCs) led to colocalization of PKCθ and Pin1 at the center of the IS. Together, we point to an uncovered function for the Thr335-Pro motif within the PKCθ-V3 regulatory domain to serve as a priming site for its activation upon phosphorylation and highlight its tenability to serve as a regulatory site for the Pin1 cis-trans isomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Ponnoor Anto
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amitha Muraleedharan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Pulak Ranjan Nath
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chen Keasar
- The Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Etta Livneh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kok-Fai Kong
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Noah Isakov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Noah Isakov,
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Zhang L, Luo B, Lu Y, Chen Y. Targeting Death-Associated Protein Kinases for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1112-1136. [PMID: 36645394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family is a member of the calcium/calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine protein kinase family, and studies have shown that its role, as its name suggests, is mainly to regulate cell death. The DAPK family comprises five members, including DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, DRAK1 and DRAK2, which show high homology in the common N-terminal kinase domain but differ in the extra-catalytic domain. Notably, previous research has suggested that the DAPK family plays an essential role in both the development and regulation of human diseases. However, only a few small-molecule inhibitors have been reported. In this Perspective, we mainly discuss the structure, biological function, and role of DAPKs in diseases and the currently discovered small-molecule inhibitors, providing valuable information for the development of the DAPK field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Boqin Luo
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Saeidi S, Kim SJ, Guillen-Quispe YN, Jagadeesh ASV, Han HJ, Kim SH, Zhong X, Piao JY, Kim SJ, Jeong J, Shin YJ, Cha YJ, Lee HB, Han W, Min SH, Tian W, Kitamura H, Surh YJ. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 directly binds and stabilizes Nrf2 in breast cancer. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22068. [PMID: 34918396 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100776rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) has been frequently overexpressed in many types of malignancy, suggesting its oncogenic function. It recognizes phosphorylated serine or threonine (pSer/Thr) of a target protein and isomerizes the adjacent proline (Pro) residue, thereby altering folding, subcellular localization, stability, and function of target proteins. The oncogenic transcription factor, Nrf2 harbors the pSer/Thr-Pro motif. This prompted us to investigate whether Pin1 could bind to Nrf2 and influence its stability and function in the context of implications for breast cancer development and progression. The correlation between Pin1 and Nrf2 in the triple-negative breast cancer cells was validated by RNASeq analysis as well as immunofluorescence staining. Interaction between Pin1 and Nrf2 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation and an in situ proximity ligation assay. We found that mRNA and protein levels of Pin1 were highly increased in the tumor tissues of triple-negative breast cancer patients and the human breast cancer cell line. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of Pin1 enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2. In contrast, the overexpression of Pin1 resulted in the accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus, without affecting its transcription. Notably, the phosphorylation of Nrf2 at serine 215, 408, and 577 is essential for its interaction with Pin1. We also identified phosphorylated Ser104 and Thr277 residues in Keap1, a negative regulator of Nrf2, for Pin1 binding. Pin1 plays a role in breast cancer progression through stabilization and constitutive activation of Nrf2 by competing with Keap1 for Nrf2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Saeidi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yanymee N Guillen-Quispe
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hyeong-Jun Han
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiancai Zhong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juan-Yu Piao
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jin Shin
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center DGMIF, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Division of Aging Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Li J, Mo C, Guo Y, Zhang B, Feng X, Si Q, Wu X, Zhao Z, Gong L, He D, Shao J. Roles of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in disease pathogenesis. Theranostics 2021; 11:3348-3358. [PMID: 33537091 PMCID: PMC7847688 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pin1 belongs to the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) superfamily and catalyzes the cis-trans conversion of proline in target substrates to modulate diverse cellular functions including cell cycle progression, cell motility, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of Pin1 has wide-ranging influences on the fate of cells; therefore, it is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of Pin1 in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyue Si
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixin Gong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jichun Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Saeidi S, Joo S, Kim SJ, Jagadeesh ASV, Surh YJ. Interaction between Peptidyl-prolyl Cis- trans Isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 and GTP-H-Ras: Implications for Aggressiveness of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells and Drug Resistance. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:234-243. [PMID: 33409256 PMCID: PMC7783236 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.4.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Ras has been implicated in aggressiveness of breast cancer. Among Ras isoforms (H-, K-, and N-), H-Ras has been known to be primarily responsible for invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Phosphorylation of serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) is a key regulatory mechanism responsible for controlling activities and functions of various proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1, Pin1 changes the conformation of a subset of proteins phosphorylated on Ser/Thr that precedes proline (Pro). In this study we have found that Pin1 is highly overexpressed in human breast tumor tissues and H-Ras transformed human mammary epithelial (H-Ras MCF10A) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Notably, Pin1 directly bound to the activated form of H-Ras harbouring a Ser/Thr-Pro motif. Pharmacologic inhibition of Pin1 reduced clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Paclitaxel accelerates apoptosis in Pin1 silenced H-Ras MCF10A cells. MDR genes (MDR1 and MRP4) were significantly downregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells stably silenced for Pin1. We speculate that Pin1 interacts with GTP-H-Ras, thereby upregulating the expression of drug resistance genes, which confers survival advantage and aggressiveness of breast cancer cells under chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Saeidi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sihyung Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Achanta Sri Venkata Jagadeesh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Takahashi K, Yoneyama Y, Koizumi N, Utoguchi N, Kanayama N, Higashi N. Expression of p57 KIP2 reduces growth and invasion, and induces syncytialization in a human placental choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo. Placenta 2020; 104:168-178. [PMID: 33360007 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Syncytiotrophoblasts are the major components of the human placenta involved in fetal maternal exchange and hormone secretion. The syncytiotrophoblasts arise from the fusion of villous cytotrophoblasts. The cell cycle suppressor p57KIP2 is known to be an essential molecule for proper trophoblast differentiation during placental formation. METHODS We generated p57KIP2-expressing BeWo transfectant cells. Proliferation assay and matrigel invasion assay were used to characterize p57KIP2-expressing BeWo transfectant cells. To reveal the role of p57KIP2 in syncytialization, we proceeded syncytium formation analysis and qRT-PCR for detection of the expression levels Syncytin-1, Syncytin-2 and their receptors. RESULTS The human choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo has undetectable levels of p57KIP2 expression. Expression of p57KIP2 reduced cell proliferation rate and extracellular matrix invasion activity. p57KIP2 expressing cells displayed multinucleated cells associated with syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. In the syncytialization event, p57KIP2 was found to potentiate forskolin-induced upregulation of Syncytin-2 in a cAMP-independent manner. DISCUSSION These results indicate that the expression of p57KIP2 may act on the proliferation/invasion inhibitory factor and enhance the expression of Syncytin-2, which are associated with syncytialization in cytotrophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Showa Univerisity School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Yui Yoneyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoya Koizumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashitamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Naoki Utoguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashitamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600, Handa-cho, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Saeidi S, Kim SJ, Han HJ, Kim SH, Zheng J, Lee HB, Han W, Noh DY, Na HK, Surh YJ. H-Ras induces Nrf2-Pin1 interaction: Implications for breast cancer progression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115121. [PMID: 32621833 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of H-Ras is often associated with tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is a unique enzyme that interacts with phosphorylated serine or threonine of a target protein and isomerizes the adjacent proline residue. Pin1 is prevalently overexpressed in human cancers, and its overexpression correlates with poor prognosis. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis. The sustained activation/accumulation of Nrf2 has been observed in many different types of human malignancies, conferring an advantage for growth and survival of cancer cells. The activated form of H-Ras (GTP-H-Ras) is highly overexpressed in human breast cancer tissues. In our present study, silencing of H-Ras decreased the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and abrogated the interaction between Pin1 and Nrf2 in these cells. Pin1 knockdown blocked the accumulation of Nrf2, thereby suppressing proliferation and clonogenicity of MCF10A-Ras human mammary epithelial cells. We found that Pin1 binds to Nrf2 which stabilizes this transcription factor by hampering proteasomal degradation. In conclusion, H-Ras activation in cooperation with the Pin1-Nrf2 complex represents a novel mechanism underlying breast cancer progression and constitutive activation of Nrf2 and can be exploited as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Saeidi
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Han
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jie Zheng
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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9
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Pu W, Zheng Y, Peng Y. Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Human Cancer: Function, Mechanism, and Significance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:168. [PMID: 32296699 PMCID: PMC7136398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is an evolutionally conserved and unique enzyme that specifically catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif and, subsequently, induces the conformational change of its substrates. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that Pin1 is widely overexpressed and/or overactivated in cancer, exerting a critical influence on tumor initiation and progression via regulation of the biological activity, protein degradation, or nucleus-cytoplasmic distribution of its substrates. Moreover, Pin1 participates in the cancer hallmarks through activating some oncogenes and growth enhancers, or inactivating some tumor suppressors and growth inhibitors, suggesting that Pin1 could be an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the findings on the dysregulation, mechanisms, and biological functions of Pin1 in cancer cells, and also discuss the significance and potential applications of Pin1 dysregulation in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Pu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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10
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Chen D, Wang L, Lee TH. Post-translational Modifications of the Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase Pin1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:129. [PMID: 32195254 PMCID: PMC7064559 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 is a unique enzyme that only binds to Ser/Thr-Pro peptide motifs after phosphorylation and regulates the conformational changes of the bond. The Pin1-catalyzed isomerization upon phosphorylation can have profound effects on substrate biological functions, including their activity, stability, assembly, and subcellular localization, affecting its role in intracellular signaling, transcription, and cell cycle progression. The functions of Pin1 are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) in many biological processes, which include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and oxidation. Phosphorylation of different Pin1 sites regulates Pin1 enzymatic activity, binding ability, localization, and ubiquitination by different kinases under various cellular contexts. Moreover, SUMOylation and oxidation have been shown to downregulate Pin1 activity. Although Pin1 is tightly regulated under physiological conditions, deregulation of Pin1 PTMs contributes to the development of human diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, manipulating the PTMs of Pin1 may be a promising therapeutic option for treating various human diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of Pin1 regulation by PTMs and the major impact of Pin1 PTMs on the progression of cancer and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Zhang ZZ, Yu WX, Zheng M, Liao XH, Wang JC, Yang DY, Lu WX, Wang L, Zhang S, Liu HK, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. PIN1 Inhibition Sensitizes Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting Stem Cell-like Traits and Multiple Biomarkers. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:906-919. [PMID: 31879364 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Diffuse type gastric cancer has the worst prognosis due to notorious resistance to chemotherapy and enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The unique proline isomerase PIN1 is a common regulator of oncogenic signaling networks and is important for gastric cancer development. However, little is known about its roles in CSCs and drug resistance in gastric cancer. In this article, we demonstrate that PIN1 overexpression is closely correlated with advanced tumor stages, poor chemo-response and shorter recurrence-free survival in diffuse type gastric cancer in human patients. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated genetic or all-trans retinoic acid-mediated pharmaceutical inhibition of PIN1 in multiple human gastric cancer cells potently suppresses the EMT, cell migration and invasion, and lung metastasis. Moreover, PIN1 genetic or pharmaceutical inhibition potently eliminates gastric CSCs and suppresses their self-renewal and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo Consistent with these phenotypes, are that PIN1 biochemically targets multiple signaling molecules and biomarkers in EMT and CSCs and that genetic and pharmaceutical PIN1 inhibition functionally and drastically enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer to multiple chemotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo These results demonstrate that PIN1 inhibition sensitizes chemotherapy in gastric cancer cells by targeting CSCs, and suggest that PIN1 inhibitors may be used to overcome drug resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Xing Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liao
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ji-Chuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Da-Yun Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Xian Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - He-Kun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Chen D, Zhou XZ, Lee TH. Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 as a Promising Drug Target in Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:144-157. [PMID: 30569876 PMCID: PMC6751350 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666181218170257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) plays an important role in apopto-sis, tumor suppression and neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Objective: This review will describe the diverse roles of DAPK1 in the development of cancer and AD, and the current status of drug development targeting DAPK1-based therapies. Methods: Reports of DAPK1 regulation, function and substrates were analyzed using genetic DAPK1 manipulation and chemical DAPK1 modulators. Results: DAPK1 expression and activity are deregulated in cancer and AD. It is down-regulated and/or inactivated by multiple mechanisms in many human cancers, and elicits a protective effect to counteract numerous death stimuli in cancer, including activation of the master regulator Pin1. Moreover, loss of DAPK1 expression has correlated strongly with tumor recurrence and metastasis, suggesting that lack of sufficient functional DAPK1 might contribute to cancer. In contrast, DAPK1 is highly expressed in the brains of most human AD patients and has been identified as one of the genetic factors affecting suscepti-bility to late-onset AD. The absence of DAPK1 promotes efficient learning and better memory in mice and prevents the development of AD by acting on many key proteins including Pin1 and its downstream tar-gets tau and APP. Recent patents show that DAPK1 modulation might be used to treat both cancer and AD. Conclusion: DAPK1 plays a critical role in diverse physiological processes and importantly, its deregula-tion is implicated in the pathogenesis of either cancer or AD. Therefore, manipulating DAPK1 activity and/or expression may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiao Z Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Tae H Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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13
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Ahmad SS, Waheed T, Rozeen S, Mahmood S, Kamal MA. Therapeutic Study of Phytochemicals Against Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease Management. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1006-1013. [PMID: 31902351 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200103092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemicals are a significant piece of conventional prescription and have been researched in detail for conceivable consideration in current drug discovery. Medications and plants are firmly identified for traditional prescriptions and ethnomedicines that are basically arranged from plants. Recognizing the medical advantages of phytochemicals is of fundamental advancement in medication and useful sustenance improvement. Secondary metabolites of different plants have been customarily used for the improvement of human wellbeing. The phytochemicals are diets rich, which can upgrade neuroplasticity and protection from neurodegeneration. RESULTS Phytochemicals keep on entering clinical preliminaries or provide leads for the synthesis of medicinal agents. Phytochemicals are a great extent cancer prevention agents in nature at lower concentrations and under favorable cell conditions that adequately avoid the oxidation of different molecules that have an ability to produce free radicals and thus protect the body. CONCLUSION The purpose of this review is to describe the use of phytochemicals against cancer and Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tayyaba Waheed
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sayed Rozeen
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sufia Mahmood
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
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14
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Baquero J, Varriano S, Ordonez M, Kuczaj P, Murphy MR, Aruggoda G, Lundine D, Morozova V, Makki AE, Alonso ADC, Kleiman FE. Nuclear Tau, p53 and Pin1 Regulate PARN-Mediated Deadenylation and Gene Expression. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:242. [PMID: 31749682 PMCID: PMC6843027 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While nuclear tau plays a role in DNA damage response (DDR) and chromosome relaxation, the mechanisms behind these functions are not fully understood. Here, we show that tau forms complex(es) with factors involved in nuclear mRNA processing such as tumor suppressor p53 and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) deadenylase. Tau induces PARN activity in different cellular models during DDR, and this activation is further increased by p53 and inhibited by tau phosphorylation at residues implicated in neurological disorders. Tau's binding factor Pin1, a mitotic regulator overexpressed in cancer and depleted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), also plays a role in the activation of nuclear deadenylation. Tau, Pin1 and PARN target the expression of mRNAs deregulated in AD and/or cancer. Our findings identify novel biological roles of tau and toxic effects of hyperphosphorylated-tau. We propose a model in which factors involved in cancer and AD regulate gene expression by interactions with the mRNA processing machinery, affecting the transcriptome and suggesting insights into alternative mechanisms for the initiation and/or developments of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Baquero
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sophia Varriano
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martha Ordonez
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pawel Kuczaj
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael R. Murphy
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gamage Aruggoda
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Devon Lundine
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Viktoriya Morozova
- Department of Biology and Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Ali Elhadi Makki
- Department of Biology and Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Alejandra del C. Alonso
- Department of Biology and Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Frida E. Kleiman
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Kim G, Bhattarai PY, Choi HS. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 as a molecular target in breast cancer: a therapeutic perspective of gynecological cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:128-139. [PMID: 30684192 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) induces conformational and functional changes to numerous key signaling molecules following proline-directed phosphorylation and its deregulation contributes to disease, particularly cancer. PIN1 is overexpressed in breast cancer, promoting cell proliferation and transformation in collaboration with several oncogenic signaling pathways, and is correlated with a poor clinical outcome. PIN1 level is also increased in certain gynecological cancers such as cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. Although women with breast cancer are at risk of developing a second primary gynecological malignancy, particularly of the endometrium and ovary, the common oncogenic signaling pathway mediated by PIN1 has not been noted to date. This review discusses the roles of PIN1 in breast tumorigenesis and gynecological cancer progression, as well as the clinical effect of targeting this enzyme in breast and gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Philmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Poshan Yugal Bhattarai
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Philmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Philmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Chen X, Liu X, Deng B, Martinka M, Zhou Y, Lan X, Cheng Y. Cytoplasmic Pin1 expression is increased in human cutaneous melanoma and predicts poor prognosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16867. [PMID: 30442923 PMCID: PMC6238011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 is widely over-expressed or over-activated in cancers and promotes tumorigenesis. The authors investigated the expression level of Pin1 and analyzed the prognostic value of Pin1 expression using a large-scale melanoma tissue microarray study. Two independent sets of tissue microarrays were employed, including 114 melanoma cases in the discovery set and 424 in the validation set (538 cases in total), 32 normal nevi and 86 dysplastic nevi 118 cases of nevi. The subcellular Pin1 expression in different stages of melanocytic lesions and its prognostic significance were studied. High expression (IRS 0-8) of cytoplasmic Pin1 was observed in 3.13%, 8.33%, 16.49% and 22.76% of the biopsies in normal nevi, dysplastic nevi, primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma, respectively. Significant differences for cytoplasmic Pin1 staining were observed between normal nevi and metastatic melanoma (P = 0.011, χ2 test), between dysplastic nevi and primary melanoma (P = 0.046, χ2 test) and between dysplastic nevi and metastatic melanoma (P = 0.016, χ2 test). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that increased cytoplasmic Pin1 expression was associated with a worse 5-year melanoma-specific survival of melanoma (P < 0.001) and metastatic melanoma patients (P = 0.004). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that cytoplasmic Pin1 expression is an independent prognostic factor in melanoma. Our data indicate that cytoplasmic Pin1 plays an important role in melanoma pathogenesis and progression, and serve as a potential prognostic marker for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Institute for laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of General Dentistry, The 174th Hospital of Chinese PLA (Chenggong Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and Center for Stress Signaling Networks, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Magdalena Martinka
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaopeng Lan
- Institute for laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yabin Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and Center for Stress Signaling Networks, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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17
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The Multiple Roles of Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerases in Brain Cancer. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040112. [PMID: 30314361 PMCID: PMC6316532 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl prolyl isomerases (PPIases) are broadly expressed enzymes that accelerate the cis-trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds. The most extensively studied PPIase family member is protein interacting with never in mitosis A1 (PIN1), which isomerizes phosphorylated serine/threonine–proline bonds. By catalyzing this specific cis-trans isomerization, PIN1 can alter the structure of its target proteins and modulate their activities in a number of different ways. Many proteins are targets of proline-directed phosphorylation and thus PIN1-mediated isomerization of proline bonds represents an important step in the regulation of a variety of cellular mechanisms. Numerous other proteins in addition to PIN1 are endowed with PPIase activity. These include other members of the parvulin family to which PIN1 belongs, such as PIN4, as well as several cyclophilins and FK506-binding proteins. Unlike PIN1, however, these other PPIases do not isomerize phosphorylated serine/threonine–proline bonds and have different substrate specificities. PIN1 and other PPIases are overexpressed in many types of cancer and have been implicated in various oncogenic processes. This review will discuss studies providing evidence for multiple roles of PIN1 and other PPIases in glioblastoma and medulloblastoma, the most frequent adult and pediatric primary brain tumors.
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18
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Kozono S, Lin YM, Seo HS, Pinch B, Lian X, Qiu C, Herbert MK, Chen CH, Tan L, Gao ZJ, Massefski W, Doctor ZM, Jackson BP, Chen Y, Dhe-Paganon S, Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Arsenic targets Pin1 and cooperates with retinoic acid to inhibit cancer-driving pathways and tumor-initiating cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3069. [PMID: 30093655 PMCID: PMC6085299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combination safely cures fatal acute promyelocytic leukemia, but their mechanisms of action and efficacy are not fully understood. ATRA inhibits leukemia, breast, and liver cancer by targeting isomerase Pin1, a master regulator of oncogenic signaling networks. Here we show that ATO targets Pin1 and cooperates with ATRA to exert potent anticancer activity. ATO inhibits and degrades Pin1, and suppresses its oncogenic function by noncovalent binding to Pin1's active site. ATRA increases cellular ATO uptake through upregulating aquaporin-9. ATO and ATRA, at clinically safe doses, cooperatively ablate Pin1 to block numerous cancer-driving pathways and inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells and tumor-initiating cells in cell and animal models including patient-derived orthotopic xenografts, like Pin1 knockout, which is substantiated by comprehensive protein and microRNA analyses. Thus, synergistic targeting of Pin1 by ATO and ATRA offers an attractive approach to combating breast and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kozono
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benika Pinch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xiaolan Lian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Megan K Herbert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Chun-Hau Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ziang Jeff Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Walter Massefski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zainab M Doctor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Trace Element Analysis Lab, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Kurita-Suzuki A, Kamo Y, Uchida C, Tanemura K, Hara K, Uchida T. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 is required sperm production by promoting mitosis progression of spermatogonial stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:388-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Yang D, Luo W, Wang J, Zheng M, Liao XH, Zhang N, Lu W, Wang L, Chen AZ, Wu WG, Liu H, Wang SB, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. A novel controlled release formulation of the Pin1 inhibitor ATRA to improve liver cancer therapy by simultaneously blocking multiple cancer pathways. J Control Release 2018; 269:405-422. [PMID: 29170140 PMCID: PMC6290999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide largely due to lack of effective targeted drugs to simultaneously block multiple cancer-driving pathways. The identification of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a potent Pin1 inhibitor provides a promising candidate for HCC targeted therapy because Pin1 is overexpressed in most HCC and activates numerous cancer-driving pathways. However, the efficacy of ATRA against solid tumors is limited due to its short half-life of 45min in humans. A slow-releasing ATRA formulation inhibits solid tumors such as HCC, but can be used only in animals. Here, we developed a one-step, cost-effective route to produce a novel biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic controlled release formulation of ATRA for effective HCC therapy. We used supercritical carbon dioxide process to encapsulate ATRA in largely uniform poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) microparticles, with the efficiency of 91.4% and yield of 68.3%, and ~4-fold higher Cmax and AUC over the slow-releasing ATRA formulation. ATRA-PLLA microparticles had good biocompatibility, and significantly enhanced the inhibitory potency of ATRA on HCC cell growth, improving IC50 by over 3-fold. ATRA-PLLA microparticles exerted its efficacy likely through degrading Pin1 and inhibiting multiple Pin1-regulated cancer pathways and cell cycle progression. Indeed, Pin1 knock-down abolished ATRA inhibitory effects on HCC cells and ATRA-PLLA did not inhibit normal liver cells, as expected because ATRA selectively inhibits active Pin1 in cancer cells. Moreover ATRA-PLLA microparticles significantly enhanced the efficacy of ATRA against HCC tumor growth in mice through reducing Pin1, with a better potency than the slow-releasing ATRA formulation, consistent with its improved pharmacokinetic profiles. This study illustrates an effective platform to produce controlled release formulation of anti-cancer drugs, and ATRA-PLLA microparticles might be a promising targeted drug for HCC therapy as PLLA is biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayun Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wensong Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jichuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liao
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wenxian Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Wen-Guo Wu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Prolyl isomerase PIN1 regulates the stability, transcriptional activity and oncogenic potential of BRD4. Oncogene 2017; 36:5177-5188. [PMID: 28481868 PMCID: PMC5589477 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BRD4 has emerged as an important factor in tumorigenesis by promoting the transcription of genes involved in cancer development. However, how BRD4 is regulated in cancer cells remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the stability and functions of BRD4 are positively regulated by prolyl-isomerase PIN1 in gastric cancer cells. PIN1 directly binds to phosphorylated threonine (T) 204 of BRD4 as revealed by peptide binding and crystallographic studies and enhances BRD4’s stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination. PIN1 also catalyses the isomerization of proline 205 of BRD4 and induces its conformational change, which promotes its interaction with CDK9 and increases BRD4’s transcriptional activity. Substitution of BRD4 with PIN1 binding-defective BRD4-T204A mutant in gastric cancer cells reduces BRD4’s stability, attenuates BRD4-mediated gene expression by impairing its interaction with CDK9, and suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and tumor formation. Our results identify BRD4 as a new target of PIN1 and suggest that interfering with their interaction could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
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22
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The role of Pin1 in the development and treatment of cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1609-1620. [PMID: 27572155 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and post-phosphorylation events regulate many cellular signaling pathways. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (Pin1) is the only peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with numerous oncogenic or tumor suppressive phosphorylated proteins, causes conformational changes in target proteins, and eventually regulates the activities of such proteins. These alterations in activity play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Since Pin1 is overexpressed and/or activated in various types of cancers, and the dysregulation of proline-directed phosphorylation contributes to tumorigenesis, Pin1 represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. This review will describe the role of Pin1 in cancer and the current status of Pin1 inhibitor development.
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Abstract
Targeted drugs have changed cancer treatment but are often ineffective in the long term against solid tumours, largely because of the activation of heterogeneous oncogenic pathways. A central common signalling mechanism in many of these pathways is proline-directed phosphorylation, which is regulated by many kinases and phosphatases. The structure and function of these phosphorylated proteins are further controlled by a single proline isomerase: PIN1. PIN1 is overactivated in cancers and it promotes cancer and cancer stem cells by disrupting the balance of oncogenes and tumour suppressors. This Review discusses the roles of PIN1 in cancer and the potential of PIN1 inhibitors to restore this balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Pinzaru AM, Hom RA, Beal A, Phillips AF, Ni E, Cardozo T, Nair N, Choi J, Wuttke DS, Sfeir A, Denchi EL. Telomere Replication Stress Induced by POT1 Inactivation Accelerates Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2170-2184. [PMID: 27239034 PMCID: PMC6145145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome sequencing studies have revealed a number of cancer-associated mutations in the telomerebinding factor POT1. Here, we show that when combined with p53 deficiency, depletion of murine POT1a in common lymphoid progenitor cells fosters genetic instability, accelerates the onset, and increases the severity of T cell lymphomas. In parallel, we examined human and mouse cells carrying POT1 mutations found in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients. Inhibition of POT1 activates ATRdependent DNA damage signaling and induces telomere fragility, replication fork stalling, and telomere elongation. Our data suggest that these phenotypes are linked to impaired CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) function at telomeres. Lastly, we show that proliferation of cancer cells lacking POT1 is enabled by the attenuation of the ATR kinase pathway. These results uncover a role for defective telomere replication during tumorigenesis. Pinzaru et al. define a role for POT1 inactivation in the onset of thymic lymphomas. Inhibition of POT1 causes replication defects at telomeres resulting in telomere fragility, replication fork stalling, and genome instability. These results suggest a role of defective telemore replication during tumorigenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Pinzaru
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert A Hom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Angela Beal
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron F Phillips
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Eric Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nidhi Nair
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deborah S Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Agnel Sfeir
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Eros Lazzerini Denchi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates doxorubicin-inducible P-glycoprotein level by reducing Foxo3 stability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:328-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Pin1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:792-7. [PMID: 26497355 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is an oncoprotein that acts as a novel therapeutic target in a variety of tumors. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of Pin1 and its function in prostate cancer (PCa) tumor progression. METHODS Immunohistochemical and quantitative RT-PCR analyses were performed to detect the expression of Pin1 in 86 PCa tissue samples. The functional role of Pin1 was evaluated by small interfering RNA-mediated depletion in PCa cells followed by analyses of cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, the association between expression of Pin1 and levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was also evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed that the high expression of Pin1 staining was 66 of 86 (76.74 %) PCa samples, and in 25 of 86 (29.07 %) BPH tissues, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Pin1 was significantly elevated in all PCa cell lines when compared to the normal RWPE-1 cells. We observed that proliferation and migration of LNCaP cells were inhibited by Pin1 knockdown. The levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1 in clinical PCa specimens were positively associated with Pin1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Pin1 plays an important role in tumorigenesis of PCa, suggesting that targeting Pin1 pathway could represent a potential modality for treating PCa.
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Shi M, Chen L, Ji J, Cai Q, Yu Y, Liu B, Zhu Z, Zhang J. Pin1 is overexpressed and correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:857-64. [PMID: 25280783 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase Pin1, which isomerizes the p-Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds and effects conformational and functional changes of the bound proteins, has been identified as a regulator of phosphorylation signaling in several diseases including cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the expression status of Pin1 in gastric cancer, its relationship between clinicopathologic features and patients' outcome. The mRNA levels of Pin1 in human normal and gastric cancer tissues were analyzed using the datasets from the publicly available Oncomine database ( www.oncomine.org ). Pin1 protein levels in human gastric cancer cells and tissues were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. The Pin1 protein expression levels and its clinicopathologic correlations were investigated using tumor tissue microarray including 182 cases of human gastric cancer samples with survival information. Pin1 mRNA expression was found to be overexpressed in gastric cancer by using several datasets of Oncomine database analyzing. Pin1 protein expression is higher in 10 gastric cancer cell lines than that in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Pin1 positive expression was observed in 109 of 182 (59.9 %) gastric cancer samples and in 55 of 182 (30.2 %) normal gastric tissues (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that high expression of Pin1 was significantly associated with pT (P = 0.017), pN (P = 0.043), TNM staging (P = 0.027), Lauren's classification (P < 0.001), as well as shorter overall survival in gastric cancer patients (29 mos vs. 47 mos. P = 0.048). Moreover, Pin1 expression, pT, and differentiation were independent prognostic factors of gastric cancer in Cox regression analysis. Pin1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and correlates with clinicopathologic features, which might predict poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Takahashi K, Uchida N, Kitanaka C, Sagara C, Imai M, Takahashi N. Inhibition of ASCT2 is essential in all-trans retinoic acid-induced reduction of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:571-8. [PMID: 26236584 PMCID: PMC4511454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asct2, an amino acid transporter, could be a target for obesity prevention and treatment. All-trans retinoic acid suppresses upregulation of Asct2 during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. The Asct2 inhibitor, l-γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, suppresses adipogenesis at early time points. Treatment with l-γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide suppresses adipogenesis more effectively than l-glutamine-deficient conditions.
Vitamin A has preventive effects on obesity. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the active form of vitamin A, inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells in an experimental adipogenesis model. We found that ATRA suppressed up-regulation of the amino acid transporter, Asct2, in adipogenerating 3T3-L1 cells. We observed that Asct2 was up-regulated at 1 day after adipogenesis stimuli. The Asct2 inhibitor l-γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA) decreased lipid accumulation. Glutamine-free conditions also suppressed adipogenesis. Suppression of adipogenesis by ATRA may be through Asct2 reduction. These results indicate that Asct2 could be a target for obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Uchida
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Chisato Kitanaka
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sagara
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Imai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Driver JA, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Pin1 dysregulation helps to explain the inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2069-76. [PMID: 25583562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pin1 is an intracellular signaling molecule which plays a critical but opposite role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many human cancers. SCOPE OF REVIEW We review the structure and function of the Pin1 enzyme, the diverse roles it plays in cycling cells and neurons, the epidemiologic evidence for the inverse association between cancer and AD, and the potential therapeutic implications of Pin1-based therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Pin1 is a unique enzyme that has effects on the function of target proteins by "twisting" them into different shapes. Cycling cells use Pin1 to help coordinate cell division. It is over-expressed and/or activated by multiple mechanisms in many common human cancers, and acts on multiple signal pathways to promote tumorigenesis. Inhibition of Pin1 in animal models has profound anti-tumor effects. In contrast, Pin1 is down-regulated or inactivated by multiple mechanisms in AD brains. The absence of Pin1 impairs tau function and amyloid precursor protein processing, leading to tangle- and amyloid-related pathologies and neurodegeneration in an age-dependent manner, resembling human AD. We have developed cis and trans conformation-specific antibodies to provide the first direct evidence that tau exists in distinct cis and trans conformations and that Pin1 accelerates its cis to trans conversion, thereby protecting against tangle formation in AD. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Available studies on Pin1 suggest that cancer and AD may share biological pathways that are deregulated in different directions. Pin1 biology opens exciting preventive and therapeutic horizons for both cancer and neurodegeneration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System and the Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hanes SD. Prolyl isomerases in gene transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:2017-34. [PMID: 25450176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases) are enzymes that assist in the folding of newly-synthesized proteins and regulate the stability, localization, and activity of mature proteins. They do so by catalyzing reversible (cis-trans) rotation about the peptide bond that precedes proline, inducing conformational changes in target proteins. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will discuss how PPIases regulate gene transcription by controlling the activity of (1) DNA-binding transcription regulatory proteins, (2) RNA polymerase II, and (3) chromatin and histone modifying enzymes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Members of each family of PPIase (cyclophilins, FKBPs, and parvulins) regulate gene transcription at multiple levels. In all but a few cases, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Structure studies, development of specific inhibitors, and new methodologies for studying cis/trans isomerization in vivo represent some of the challenges in this new frontier that merges two important fields. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Prolyl isomerases have been found to play key regulatory roles in all phases of the transcription process. Moreover, PPIases control upstream signaling pathways that regulate gene-specific transcription during development, hormone response and environmental stress. Although transcription is often rate-limiting in the production of enzymes and structural proteins, post-transcriptional modifications are also critical, and PPIases play key roles here as well (see other reviews in this issue). This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Hanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
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31
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Abstract
Proline-directed phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that is instrumental in regulating signaling from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, and its dysregulation contributes to cancer development. Protein interacting with never in mitosis A1 (Pin1), which is overexpressed in many types of cancer, isomerizes specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds in many substrate proteins, including glycolytic enzyme, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, methyltransferase, lipid kinase, ubiquitin E3 ligase, DNA endonuclease, RNA polymerase, and transcription activators and regulators. This Pin1-mediated isomerization alters the structures and activities of these proteins, thereby regulating cell metabolism, cell mobility, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- 1] Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Khanal P, Kim G, Lim SC, Yun HJ, Lee KY, Choi HK, Choi HS. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 negatively regulates the stability of SUV39H1 to promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer. FASEB J 2013; 27:4606-18. [PMID: 23934277 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-236851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pin1, a conserved eukaryotic peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, has profound effects on numerous key-signaling molecules, and its deregulation contributes to disease, particularly cancer. Although Pin1-mediated prolyl isomerization of protein servers as a regulatory switch in signaling pathways, the significance of proline isomerase activity in chromatin modifying complex remains unclear. Here, we identify Pin1 as a key negative regulator for suppressor of variegation 3-9 homologue 1 (SUV39H1) stability, a major methyltransferase responsible for histone H3 trimethylation on Lys9 (H3K9me3). Pin1 interacts with SUV39H1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of SUV39H1. Consequently, Pin1 reduces SUV39H1 abundance and suppresses SUV39H1 ability to induce H3K9me3. In contrast, depletion of Pin1 in cancer cells leads to elevated SUV39H1 expression, which subsequently increases H3K9me3, inhibiting tumorigenecity of cancer cells. In a xenograft model with 4T1 metastatic mouse breast carcinoma cells, Pin1 overexpression increases tumor growth, whereas SUV39H1 overexpression abrogates it. In human breast cancer patients, immunohistochemical staining shows that Pin1 levels are negatively correlated with SUV39H1 as well as H3K9me3 levels. Thus, Pin1-mediated reduction of SUV39H1 stability contributes to convey oncogenic signals for aggressiveness of human breast cancer, suggesting that Pin1 may be a promising drug target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Khanal
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea.
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Pin1 regulates the dynamics of c-Myc DNA binding to facilitate target gene regulation and oncogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2930-49. [PMID: 23716601 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01455-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myc oncoprotein is considered a master regulator of gene transcription by virtue of its ability to modulate the expression of a large percentage of all genes. However, mechanisms that direct Myc's recruitment to DNA and target gene selection to elicit specific cellular functions have not been well elucidated. Here, we report that the Pin1 prolyl isomerase enhances recruitment of serine 62-phosphorylated Myc and its coactivators to select promoters during gene activation, followed by promoting Myc's release associated with its degradation. This facilitates Myc's activation of genes involved in cell growth and metabolism, resulting in enhanced proproliferative activity, even while controlling Myc levels. In cancer cells with impaired Myc degradation, Pin1 still enhances Myc DNA binding, although it no longer facilitates Myc degradation. Thus, we find that Pin1 and Myc are cooverexpressed in cancer, and this drives a gene expression pattern that we show is enriched in poor-outcome breast cancer subtypes. This study provides new insight into mechanisms regulating Myc DNA binding and oncogenic activity, it reveals a novel role for Pin1 in the regulation of transcription factors, and it elucidates a mechanism that can contribute to oncogenic cooperation between Pin1 and Myc.
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Sagara C, Takahashi K, Kagechika H, Takahashi N. Molecular mechanism of 9-cis-retinoic acid inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pin1 interacts with the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit and regulates viral DNA replication. J Virol 2012; 87:2120-7. [PMID: 23221557 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02634-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) protein is known as a regulator which recognizes phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs and increases the rate of cis and trans amide isomer interconversion, thereby altering the conformation of its substrates. We found that Pin1 knockdown using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology resulted in strong suppression of productive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA replication. We further identified the EBV DNA polymerase catalytic subunit, BALF5, as a Pin1 substrate in glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown and immunoprecipitation assays. Lambda protein phosphatase treatment abolished the binding of BALF5 to Pin1, and mutation analysis of BALF5 revealed that replacement of the Thr178 residue by Ala (BALF5 T178A) disrupted the interaction with Pin1. To further test the effects of Pin1 in the context of virus infection, we constructed a BALF5-deficient recombinant virus. Exogenous supply of wild-type BALF5 in HEK293 cells with knockout recombinant EBV allowed efficient synthesis of viral genome DNA, but BALF5 T178A could not provide support as efficiently as wild-type BALF5. In conclusion, we found that EBV DNA polymerase BALF5 subunit interacts with Pin1 through BALF5 Thr178 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Pin1 might modulate EBV DNA polymerase conformation for efficient, productive viral DNA replication.
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Komine A, Abe M, Saeki T, Terakawa T, Uchida C, Uchida T. Establishment of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell lines from a p53-knockout mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:468-74. [PMID: 22982311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into a variety of cell types. MSCs exist in several tissues such as the bone marrow, adipose, muscle, cartilage, and tendon. This differentiation potential makes MSCs candidates for cell-based therapeutic strategies for mesenchymal tissue injuries. MSCs can be prepared from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose (AD-MSCs); however, these MSCs exhibit senescence-associated growth arrest and display inevitable heterogeneity. We established several AD-MSC cell lines from a p53-knockout (KO) mouse. These cell lines were immortalized, but no cell lines grew anchorage-independently, suggesting that they are not cancerous. They differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes by treatment with certain stimuli. Moreover, following injection into the tail vein, the cells migrated into the wounded region of the liver and differentiated into hepatocytes. We succeeded in establishing several AD-MSC clonal cell lines that maintain the tissue-specific markers and characteristics of the developmental phase. These clonal cell lines will serve as important tools to study the mechanism of differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Komine
- Molecular Enzymology, Department of Molecular Cell Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya, Tsutsumidori, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
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Min SH, Lau AW, Lee TH, Inuzuka H, Wei S, Huang P, Shaik S, Lee DY, Finn G, Balastik M, Chen CH, Luo M, Tron AE, Decaprio JA, Zhou XZ, Wei W, Lu KP. Negative regulation of the stability and tumor suppressor function of Fbw7 by the Pin1 prolyl isomerase. Mol Cell 2012; 46:771-83. [PMID: 22608923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fbw7 is the substrate recognition component of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF)-type E3 ligase complex and a well-characterized tumor suppressor that targets numerous oncoproteins for destruction. Genomic deletion or mutation of FBW7 has been frequently found in various types of human cancers; however, little is known about the upstream signaling pathway(s) governing Fbw7 stability and cellular functions. Here we report that Fbw7 protein destruction and tumor suppressor function are negatively regulated by the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Pin1 interacts with Fbw7 in a phoshorylation-dependent manner and promotes Fbw7 self-ubiquitination and protein degradation by disrupting Fbw7 dimerization. Consequently, overexpressing Pin1 reduces Fbw7 abundance and suppresses Fbw7's ability to inhibit proliferation and transformation. By contrast, depletion of Pin1 in cancer cells leads to elevated Fbw7 expression, which subsequently reduces Mcl-1 abundance, sensitizing cancer cells to Taxol. Thus, Pin1-mediated inhibition of Fbw7 contributes to oncogenesis, and Pin1 may be a promising drug target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Min
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Shimazaki K, Uchida T, Komine A, Takahashi K. p53 Retards cell-growth and suppresses etoposide-induced apoptosis in Pin1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:133-8. [PMID: 22564744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of Pin1, a regulatory molecule of the oncosuppressor p53, on both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by treating primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with etoposide. Etoposide induced G1 arrest in both wild-type and Pin1 null (pin1(-/-)) MEFs, and G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death in MEFs lacking either p53 only (p53(-/-)) or both Pin1 and p53 (pin1(-/-)p53(-/-)). Both pin1(-/-) and pin1(-/-)p53(-/-) MEFs were enhanced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, which might induce apoptosis. In response to etoposide treatment, apoptotic cell death was displayed in pin1(-/-)p53(-/-) MEFs but not in pin1(-/-) MEFs. These results suggest that p53 retards growth and suppresses etoposide-induced apoptosis in pin1(-/-) MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoe Shimazaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Liou YC, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a molecular switch to determine the fate of phosphoproteins. Trends Biochem Sci 2011; 36:501-14. [PMID: 21852138 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is a highly conserved enzyme that only isomerizes specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds in certain proteins, thereby inducing conformational changes. Such conformational changes represent a novel and tightly controlled signaling mechanism regulating a spectrum of protein activities in physiology and disease; often through phosphorylation-dependent, ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in elucidating the role and regulation of Pin1 in controlling protein stability. We also propose a mechanism by which Pin1 functions as a molecular switch to control the fates of phosphoproteins. We finally stress the need to develop tools to visualize directly Pin1-catalyzed protein conformational changes as a way to determine their roles in the development and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
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41
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Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins on serine or threonine residues preceding proline is a key signalling mechanism in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase) is the only enzyme known that can isomerise specific Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds after phosphorylation and regulate their conformational changes with high efficiency. These Pin1-catalysed conformational changes can have profound effects on phosphorylation signalling by regulating a spectrum of target activities. Interestingly, Pin1 deregulation is implicated in a number of diseases, notably ageing and age-related diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer disease. Pin1 is overexpressed in most human cancers; it activates numerous oncogenes or growth enhancers and also inactivates a large number of tumour suppressors or growth inhibitors. By contrast, ablation of Pin1 prevents cancer, but eventually leads to premature ageing and neurodegeneration. Consistent with its neuroprotective role, Pin1 has been shown to be inactivated in neurons of patients with Alzheimer disease. Therefore, Pin1-mediated phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerisation represents a unique signalling mechanism that has a pivotal role in the development of human diseases, and might offer an attractive new diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Zheng Y, Xia Y, Hawke D, Halle M, Tremblay ML, Gao X, Zhou XZ, Aldape K, Cobb MH, Xie K, He J, Lu Z. FAK phosphorylation by ERK primes ras-induced tyrosine dephosphorylation of FAK mediated by PIN1 and PTP-PEST. Mol Cell 2009; 35:11-25. [PMID: 19595712 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated Ras has been found in many types of cancer. However, the mechanism underlying Ras-promoted tumor metastasis remains unclear. We demonstrate here that activated Ras induces tyrosine dephosphorylation and inhibition of FAK mediated by the Ras downstream Fgd1-Cdc42-PAK1-MEK-ERK signaling cascade. ERK phosphorylates FAK S910 and recruits PIN1 and PTP-PEST, which colocalize with FAK at the lamellipodia of migrating cells. PIN1 binding and prolyl isomerization of FAK cause PTP-PEST to interact with and dephosphorylate FAK Y397. Inhibition of FAK mediated by this signal relay promotes Ras-induced cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. These findings uncover the importance of sequential modification of FAK-by serine phosphorylation, isomerization, and tyrosine dephosphorylation--in the regulation of FAK activity and, thereby, in Ras-related tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Tatara Y, Lin YC, Bamba Y, Mori T, Uchida T. Dipentamethylene thiuram monosulfide is a novel inhibitor of Pin1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:394-8. [PMID: 19422802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pin1 is involved in eukaryotic cell proliferation by changing the structure and function of phosphorylated proteins. PiB, the Pin1 specific inhibitor, blocks cancer cell proliferation. However, low solubility of PiB in DMSO has limited studies of its effectiveness. We screened for additional Pin1 inhibitors and identified the DMSO-soluble compound dipentamethylene thiuram monosulfide (DTM) that inhibits Pin1 activity with an EC50 value of 4.1 microM. Molecular modeling and enzyme kinetic analysis indicated that DTM competitively inhibits Pin1 activity, with a K(i) value of 0.05 microM. The K(D) value of DTM with Pin1 was determined to be 0.06 microM by SPR technology. Moreover, DTM specifically inhibited peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity in HeLa cells. FACS analysis showed that DTM induced G0 arrest of the HCT116 cells. Our results suggest that DTM has the potential to guide the development of novel antifungal and/or anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Tatara
- Molecular Enzymology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya, Tsutsumidori, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
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The prolyl-isomerase Pin1 is a Notch1 target that enhances Notch1 activation in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:133-42. [PMID: 19151708 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signalling through Notch receptors requires ligand-induced cleavage to release the intracellular domain, which acts as a transcriptional activator in the nucleus. Deregulated Notch1 signalling has been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis; however the mechanisms underlying Notch activation in breast cancer remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the prolyl-isomerase Pin1 interacts with Notch1 and affects Notch1 activation. Pin1 potentiates Notch1 cleavage by gamma-secretase, leading to an increased release of the active intracellular domain and ultimately enhancing Notch1 transcriptional and tumorigenic activity. We found that Notch1 directly induces transcription of Pin1, thereby generating a positive loop. In human breast cancers, we observed a strong correlation between Pin1 overexpression and high levels of activated Notch1. Thus, the molecular circuitry established by Notch1 and Pin1 may have a key role in cancer.
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Ding Q, Huo L, Yang JY, Xia W, Wei Y, Liao Y, Chang CJ, Yang Y, Lai CC, Lee DF, Yen CJ, Chen YJR, Hsu JM, Kuo HP, Lin CY, Tsai FJ, Li LY, Tsai CH, Hung MC. Down-regulation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 through inhibiting Erk/Pin 1 pathway by sorafenib facilitates chemosensitization in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6109-17. [PMID: 18676833 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), a Bcl-2-like antiapoptotic protein, plays a role in cell immortalization and chemoresistance in a number of human malignancies. A peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, Pin1 is involved in many cellular events, such as cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and differentiation through isomerizing prophosphorylated substrates. It has been reported that down-regulation of Pin1 induces apoptosis, and that Erk phosphorylates and up-regulates Mcl-1; however, the underlying mechanisms for the two phenomena are not clear yet. Here, we showed that Pin 1 stabilizes Mcl-1, which is required for Mcl-1 posphorylation by Erk. First, we found expression of Mcl-1 and Pin1 were positively correlated and associated with poor survival in human breast cancer. We then showed that Erk could phosphorylate Mcl-1 at two consensus residues, Thr 92 and 163, which is required for the association of Mcl-1 and Pin1, resulting in stabilization of Mcl-1. Moreover, Pin1 is also required for the up-regulation of Mcl-1 by Erk activation. Based on this newly identified mechanism of Mcl-1 stabilization, two strategies were used to overcome Mcl-1-mediated chemoresistance: inhibiting Erk by Sorafenib, an approved clinical anticancer drug, or knocking down Pin1 by using a SiRNA technique. In conclusion, the current report not only unravels a novel mechanism to link Erk/Pin1 pathway and Mcl-1-mediated chemoresistance but also provides a plausible combination therapy, Taxol (Paclitaxel) plus Sorafenib, which was shown to be effective in killing breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. The prolyl isomerase PIN1: a pivotal new twist in phosphorylation signalling and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:904-16. [PMID: 17878917 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates many cellular processes by causing changes in protein conformation. The prolyl isomerase PIN1 has been identified as a regulator of phosphorylation signalling that catalyses the conversion of specific phosphorylated motifs between the two completely distinct conformations in a subset of proteins. PIN1 regulates diverse cellular processes, including growth-signal responses, cell-cycle progression, cellular stress responses, neuronal function and immune responses. In line with the diverse physiological roles of PIN1, it has also been linked to several diseases that include cancer, Alzheimer's disease and asthma, and thus it might represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Cancer Biology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, NRB1030, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Abstract
PIN1 is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that can alter the conformation of phosphoproteins and so affect protein function and/or stability. PIN1 regulates a number of proteins important for cell-cycle progression and, based on gain- and loss-of-function studies, is presumed to operate as a molecular timer of this important process. Therefore, it seems logical that alterations in the level of PIN1 can influence hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer. However, the precise role of PIN1 in cancer remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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