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Muthumalage T, Goracci C, Rahman I. Club cell-specific telomere protection protein 1 (TPP1) protects against tobacco smoke-induced lung inflammation, xenobiotic metabolic dysregulation, and injurious responses. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:53-71. [PMID: 38344410 PMCID: PMC10853660 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhaling xenobiotics, such as tobacco smoke is a major risk factor for pulmonary diseases, e.g., COPD/emphysema, interstitial lung disease, and pre-invasive diseases. Shelterin complex or telosome provides telomeric end protection during replication. Telomere protection protein 1 (TPP1) is one of the main six subunits of the shelterin complex supporting the telomere stability and genomic integrity. Dysfunctional telomeres and shelterin complex are associated as a disease mechanism of tobacco smoke-induced pulmonary damage and disease processes. The airway epithelium is critical to maintaining respiratory homeostasis and is implicated in lung diseases. Club cells (also known as clara cells) play an essential role in the immune response, surfactant production, and metabolism. Disrupted shelterin complex may lead to dysregulated cellular function, DNA damage, and disease progression. However, it is unknown if the conditional removal of TPP1 from Club cells can induce lung disease pathogenesis caused by tobacco smoke exposure. In this study, conditional knockout of Club-cell specific TPP1 demonstrated the instability of other shelterin protein subunits, such as TRF1, dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, p53 and downstream targets, and dysregulation of telomeric genes. This was associated with age-dependent senescence-associated genes, increased DNA damage, and upregulated RANTES/IL13/IL33 mediated lung inflammation and injury network by cigarette smoke (CS). These phenomena are also associated with alterations in cytochrome P450 and glutathione transferases, upregulated molecular pathways promoting lung lesions, bronchial neoplasms, and adenocarcinomas. These findings suggest a pivotal role of TPP1 in maintaining lung homeostasis and injurious responses in response to CS. Thus, these data TPP1 may have therapeutic value in alleviating telomere-related chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Chiara Goracci
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
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2
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Gao M, Li Y, Cao P, Liu H, Chen J, Kang S. Exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting polycomb repressive complex 2 in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1216289. [PMID: 37909018 PMCID: PMC10613995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1216289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lung cancer (LC) is a multifaceted process that is influenced by a variety of factors. Alongside genetic mutations and environmental influences, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms play a significant role in the development and progression of LC. The Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), composed of EZH1/2, SUZ12, and EED, is an epigenetic silencer that controls the expression of target genes and is crucial for cell identity in multicellular organisms. Abnormal expression of PRC2 has been shown to contribute to the progression of LC through several pathways. Although targeted inhibition of EZH2 has demonstrated potential in delaying the progression of LC and improving chemotherapy sensitivity, the effectiveness of enzymatic inhibitors of PRC2 in LC is limited, and a more comprehensive understanding of PRC2's role is necessary. This paper reviews the core subunits of PRC2 and their interactions, and outlines the mechanisms of aberrant PRC2 expression in cancer and its role in tumor immunity. We also summarize the important role of PRC2 in regulating biological behaviors such as epithelial mesenchymal transition, invasive metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, autophagy, and PRC2-mediated resistance to LC chemotherapeutic agents in LC cells. Lastly, we explored the latest breakthroughs in the research and evaluation of medications that target PRC2, as well as the latest findings from clinical studies investigating the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, First Clinical Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peijun Cao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shirong Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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3
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Zhao C, Xiong K, Adam A, Ji Z, Li X. Necroptosis Identifies Novel Molecular Phenotypes and Influences Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934494. [PMID: 35911707 PMCID: PMC9331758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the immune and epigenetic mutational landscape of necroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), identify novel molecular phenotypes, and develop a prognostic scoring system based on necroptosis regulatory molecules for a better understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in LUAD. Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database, a total of 29 overlapped necroptosis-related genes were enrolled to classify patients into different necroptosis phenotypes using unsupervised consensus clustering. We systematically correlated the phenotypes with clinical features, immunocyte infiltrating levels, and epigenetic mutation characteristics. A novel scoring system was then constructed, termed NecroScore, to quantify necroptosis of LUAD by principal component analysis. Three distinct necroptosis phenotypes were confirmed. Two clusters with high expression of necroptosis-related regulators were “hot tumors”, while another phenotype with low expression was a “cold tumor”. Molecular characteristics, including mutational frequency and types, copy number variation, and regulon activity differed significantly among the subtypes. The NecroScore, as an independent prognostic factor (HR=1.086, 95%CI=1.040-1.133, p<0.001), was able to predict the survival outcomes and show that patients with higher scores experienced a poorer prognosis. It could also evaluate the responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic efficiency. In conclusion, necroptosis-related molecules are correlated with genome diversity in pan-cancer, playing a significant role in forming the TIME of LUAD. Necroptosis phenotypes can distinguish different TIME and molecular features, and the NecroScore is a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis, as well as immuno- and chemotherapeutic benefits in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Xiangpan Li,
| | - Kewei Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdalla Adam
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ji
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangpan Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Xiangpan Li,
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4
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Melese ES, Franks E, Cederberg RA, Harbourne BT, Shi R, Wadsworth BJ, Collier JL, Halvorsen EC, Johnson F, Luu J, Oh MH, Lam V, Krystal G, Hoover SB, Raffeld M, Simpson RM, Unni AM, Lam WL, Lam S, Abraham N, Bennewith KL, Lockwood WW. CCL5 production in lung cancer cells leads to an altered immune microenvironment and promotes tumor development. Oncoimmunology 2021; 11:2010905. [PMID: 35481284 PMCID: PMC9038050 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2010905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunotherapies for lung cancer are only effective in a subset of patients. Identifying tumor-derived factors that facilitate immunosuppression offers the opportunity to develop novel strategies to supplement and improve current therapeutics. We sought to determine whether expression of driver oncogenes in lung cancer cells affects cytokine secretion, alters the local immune environment, and influences lung tumor progression. We demonstrate that oncogenic EGFR and KRAS mutations, which are early events in lung tumourigenesis, can drive cytokine and chemokine production by cancer cells. One of the most prominent changes was in CCL5, which was rapidly induced by KRASG12V or EGFRL858R expression, through MAPK activation. Immunocompetent mice implanted with syngeneic KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells deficient in CCL5 have decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs), evidence of T cell exhaustion, and reduced lung tumor burden, indicating tumor-cell CCL5 production contributes to an immune suppressive environment in the lungs. Furthermore, high CCL5 expression correlates with poor prognosis, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and alteration to CD8 effector function in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our data support targeting CCL5 or CCL5 receptors on immune suppressive cells to prevent formation of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment that promotes lung cancer progression and immunotherapy insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne S. Melese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Franks
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Cederberg
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Bryant T. Harbourne
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocky Shi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brennan J. Wadsworth
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Jenna L. Collier
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C. Halvorsen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Fraser Johnson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Jennifer Luu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Min Hee Oh
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Vivian Lam
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shelley B. Hoover
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R. Mark Simpson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Wan L. Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - William W. Lockwood
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
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5
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Xue B, Chuang CH, Prosser HM, Fuziwara CS, Chan C, Sahasrabudhe N, Kühn M, Wu Y, Chen J, Biton A, Chen C, Wilkinson JE, McManus MT, Bradley A, Winslow MM, Su B, He L. miR-200 deficiency promotes lung cancer metastasis by activating Notch signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1109-1122. [PMID: 34301766 PMCID: PMC8336896 DOI: 10.1101/gad.347344.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Xue et al. identified miR-200 miRNAs as potent suppressors for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. They show that miR-200 regulates the functional interaction between cancer cells and CAFs at least in part by targeting Notch ligand Jagged1 and Jagged2 in cancer cells and inducing Notch activation in adjacent CAFs, providing new insight into the interaction between cancer cells and CAFs as a mechanism to promote metastatic potential. Lung adenocarcinoma, the most prevalent lung cancer subtype, is characterized by its high propensity to metastasize. Despite the importance of metastasis in lung cancer mortality, its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we identified miR-200 miRNAs as potent suppressors for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. miR-200 expression is specifically repressed in mouse metastatic lung adenocarcinomas, and miR-200 decrease strongly correlates with poor patient survival. Consistently, deletion of mir-200c/141 in the KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53flox/flox lung adenocarcinoma mouse model significantly promoted metastasis, generating a desmoplastic tumor stroma highly reminiscent of metastatic human lung cancer. miR-200 deficiency in lung cancer cells promotes the proliferation and activation of adjacent cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which in turn elevates the metastatic potential of cancer cells. miR-200 regulates the functional interaction between cancer cells and CAFs, at least in part, by targeting Notch ligand Jagged1 and Jagged2 in cancer cells and inducing Notch activation in adjacent CAFs. Hence, the interaction between cancer cells and CAFs constitutes an essential mechanism to promote metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Haydn M Prosser
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Chan
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Neil Sahasrabudhe
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Maximilian Kühn
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Yalei Wu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Anne Biton
- Department of Statistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Computational Biology, USR 3756, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris 01 45 68 80 00, France
| | - Caifu Chen
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - John Erby Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco Diabetes Center, W.M. Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Bo Su
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin He
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemokines and their cognate receptors play a major role in modulating inflammatory responses. Depending on their ligand binding, chemokine receptors can stimulate both immune activating and inhibitory signaling pathways. The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) promotes immune responses by recruiting immune cells to the sites of inflammation/tumor, and is involved in stimulating tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration through various mechanisms. Moreover, CCR5 also contributes to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment by recruiting regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells facilitating tumor development and progression. In summary, cells expressing CCR5 modulate immune response and tumor progression. Expression of CCR5 is increased in various malignancies and associated with poor outcome. Experimental data show promising efficacy signals with CCR5 antagonists in preclinical tumor models. Therefore, CCR5 has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review, we focus on the role of CCR5 in cancer progression and discuss its impact and potential as a therapeutic target for cancer. EXPERT OPINION Beyond immune-checkpoint inhibitors, potentially synergistic immune-modulatory drugs such as CCR5 antagonists are a promising approach to enlarge our treatment armamentarium against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hemmatazad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin D Berger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Identification of PDL1-Related Biomarkers to Select Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients for PD1/PDL1 Inhibitors. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:7291586. [PMID: 32587640 PMCID: PMC7303743 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7291586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PD1/PDL1 inhibitors have been adopted for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, and PDL1 expression has been investigated as a predictive biomarker for PD1/PDL1 inhibitor therapy. However, PDL1 lacks diagnostic accuracy in differentiating patients who are likely or unlikely to benefit. So, it is urgent and clinically significant to identify other associated predictive biomarkers for PD1/PDL1 inhibitor therapy. Our work was to identify PDL1-related biomarkers that could improve the patient selection for PD1/PDL1 inhibitor treatment. We obtained 500 genes coexpressed with PDL1 in lung adenocarcinoma from the TCGA database. Then, we identified 125 out of 500 genes differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 39 genes were distinguished with prognostic value and associated with overall survival. Median survival time analysis based on gene expression level, protein-protein interaction analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, and significant GO and KEGG function consistency analyses were conducted to screen candidate biomarkers. Three candidate genes, BRCA1, BRIP1, and EREG, were identified to be functionally significantly coexpressed with PDL1. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction networks further showed that these genes mainly participated in immune response and cell activation. Additionally, to find potential adjuvant therapeutic targets in PD1/PDL1 inhibitor treatment, we performed transcription factor prediction analysis. A group of negative differential expression but PDL1-related biomarkers has been identified, which might help to assess the clinical management of lung cancer patients. A combination of potential biomarkers and adjuvant therapeutic targets with PDL1 will predict the response to PD1/PDL1 inhibitors more accurately and help with the patient selection for more personalized immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.
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8
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Srivastava S, Koay EJ, Borowsky AD, De Marzo AM, Ghosh S, Wagner PD, Kramer BS. Cancer overdiagnosis: a biological challenge and clinical dilemma. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:349-358. [PMID: 31024081 PMCID: PMC8819710 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For cancer screening to be successful, it should primarily detect cancers with lethal potential or their precursors early, leading to therapy that reduces mortality and morbidity. Screening programmes have been successful for colon and cervical cancers, where subsequent surgical removal of precursor lesions has resulted in a reduction in cancer incidence and mortality. However, many types of cancer exhibit a range of heterogeneous behaviours and variable likelihoods of progression and death. Consequently, screening for some cancers may have minimal impact on mortality and may do more harm than good. Since the implementation of screening tests for certain cancers (for example, breast and prostate cancers), a spike in incidence of in situ and early-stage cancers has been observed, but a link to reduction in cancer-specific mortality has not been as clear. It is difficult to determine how many of these mortality reductions are due to screening and how many are due to improved treatments of tumours. In cancers with lower incidence but high mortality (for example, pancreatic cancer), screening has focused on high-risk populations, but challenges similar to those for general population screening remain, particularly with regard to finding lesions with difficult-to-characterize malignant potential (for example, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms). More sensitive screening methods are detecting smaller and smaller lesions, but this has not been accompanied by a comparable reduction in the incidence of invasive cancers. In this Opinion article, we focus on the contribution of screening in general and high-risk populations to overdiagnosis, the effects of overdiagnosis on patients and emerging strategies to reduce overdiagnosis of indolent cancers through an understanding of tumour heterogeneity, the biology of how cancers evolve and progress, the molecular and cellular features of early neoplasia and the dynamics of the interactions of early lesions with their surrounding tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Srivastava
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Eugene J Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul D Wagner
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barnett S Kramer
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Zhang X, Gao C, Liu L, Zhou C, Liu C, Li J, Zhuang J, Sun C. DNA methylation‐based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of nonsmoking lung adenocarcinoma patients. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13520-13530. [PMID: 30920015 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Chundi Gao
- College of First Clinical Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital Weifang Shandong PR China
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University Weifang Shandong PR China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital Weifang Shandong PR China
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University Weifang Shandong PR China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang Shandong PR China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital Weifang Shandong PR China
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University Weifang Shandong PR China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University Weifang Shandong PR China
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10
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Nishikawa G, Kawada K, Nakagawa J, Toda K, Ogawa R, Inamoto S, Mizuno R, Itatani Y, Sakai Y. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression via CCR5. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:264. [PMID: 30890699 PMCID: PMC6424976 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited from BM to the stroma of developing tumors, where they serve as critical components of the tumor microenvironment by secreting growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. The role of MSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression was controversial. In this study, we found that C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) ligands (i.e., C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL4, and CCL5) were highly produced from MSCs using a chemokine array screening with conditioned media from the cultured human MSCs. A relatively strong CCR5 expression could be detected within the cytoplasm of several CRC cell lines. Regarding the effect of MSC, we found that the xenografts in which CCR5-overexpressing HCT116 cells were inoculated into immunocompromised mice were highly promoted in vivo by a mixture with MSCs. Notably, the CCR5 inhibitor, maraviroc, significantly abolished the MSC-induced tumor growth in vivo. In human clinical specimens (n = 89), 20 cases (29%) were high for CCR5, whereas 69 cases (71%) were low. Statistical analyses indicated that CCR5 expression in primary CRC was associated with CRC patients’ prognosis. Especially, stage III/IV patients with CCR5-high CRCs exhibited a significantly poorer prognosis than those with CCR5-low CRCs. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of preoperative serum CCR5 ligands on patients’ prognosis (n = 114), and found that CRC patients with high serum levels of CCL3 and CCL4 exhibited a poorer prognosis compared to those with low levels of CCL3 and CCL4, while there was no association between CCL5 and prognosis. These results suggest that the inhibition of MSC–CRC interaction by a CCR5 inhibitor could provide the possibility of a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC, and that serum levels of CCL3 and CCL4 could be predictive biomarkers for the prognosis of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Jun Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Toda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Inamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Wu YC, Shen YC, Chang JWC, Hsieh JJ, Chu Y, Wang CH. Autocrine CCL5 promotes tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Cytokine 2018; 110:94-103. [PMID: 29705397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pro-tumoral effects of CCL5 have been identified in numerous cancer types. We successfully cultivated 4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, including TWES-1, TWES-3 and a pair of cell lines derived from primary lesion (TWES-4PT) and metastatic lymph node (TWES-4LN) of the same patient. Whole genome screening showed that TWES-4LN expressed higher levels of CCL5 compared to that of TWES-4PT; quantification of protein secretion displayed comparable results, suggesting that CCL5 could be associated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC. CCL5 knockdown by siRNA significantly reduced basal growth rate, tumor migration and invasiveness in the paired cell lines; whereas this treatment induced cell apoptosis in TWES-1 and TWES-3. CCR5 antagonist maraviroc significantly inhibited tumor migration and invasion in the paired cell lines without affecting tumor growth. Collectively, these results suggest that CCL5 autocrine loop may promote ESCC progression; targeting the CCL5/CCR5 axis could be a potential therapeutic strategy for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Wu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Shen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - John Wen-Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Juan Hsieh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yen Chu
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
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12
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Zhang M, Zhu ZL, Gao XL, Wu JS, Liang XH, Tang YL. Functions of chemokines in the perineural invasion of tumors (Review). Int J Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532850 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The perineural invasion (PNI) of malignant tumors is a form of tumor progression in which cancer cells encroach along nerves. PNI hinders curative resection. Residual tumor cells in or around nerves can bring about local recurrence, infiltration and metastasis. This behavior is usually associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate novel ligand-receptor crosstalk between nerves and tumor cells that promote the process of PNI. Chemokines are regarded as one of pivotal factors involved in the process of PNI. The present review collates information provided by previous studies with regard to the role of chemokines in PNI. The study presents a definition of PNI in cancer, generalizes the biological characteristics and the expression of chemokines and their receptors in cancer types associated with PNI, and discusses the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemokines, the reciprocal interactions between chemokines and other factors in PNI, and the interconnectivity of the microenvironment and chemokines. The aim of the review is to thoroughly illustrate the molecular cues of chemokines in cancer with PNI and to identify novel antitumor targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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13
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Lin S, Sun L, Lyu X, Ai X, Du D, Su N, Li H, Zhang L, Yu J, Yuan S. Lactate-activated macrophages induced aerobic glycolysis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer by regulation of CCL5-CCR5 axis: a positive metabolic feedback loop. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110426-110443. [PMID: 29299159 PMCID: PMC5746394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant energy metabolism is critical for cancer progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can stimulate tumor angiogenesis and enhance cancer metastasis; however, the metabolic interaction between cancer cells and macrophages characterized by lactate shuttles remains unclear. Here, we showed that lactate activated human macrophages to a TAM-like phenotype and stimulated the secretion of CCL5 by activation of Notch signaling in macrophages. Reciprocally, CCL5 increased cell migration, induced cancer cell EMT, and promoted aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer cells, suggesting a positive metabolic feedback loop in the co-culture system. Inhibition of CCR5, the cognate receptor of CCL5, or neutralization of CCL5, broke the metabolic loop and decreased cancer cell migration and EMT. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis significantly reduced breast cancer cell EMT, indicated that aerobic glycolysis was necessary for the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. We further showed that TGF-β signaling regulated the expression of CCR5 in the co-culture system, and CCL5 induced glycolysis by mediation of AMPK signaling. The expression of CCL5-CCR5 axis was highly associated with macrophage infiltration, TGF-β and p-AMPK in clinical samples. CCL5-CCR5 axis promoted breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Our findings suggested a pivotal role of CCL5-CCR5 axis in the metabolic communication between cancer cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Lin
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Lyu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiongfei Ai
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Danyu Du
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Nan Su
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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14
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Wen X, Han X, Wang Y, Fan S, Zhuang J, Zhang Z, Shan Q, Li M, Hu B, Sun C, Wu Q, Tan J, Wu D, Lu J, Zheng Y. Retracted
: Effects of long noncoding RNA SPRY4‐IT1‐mediated EZH2 on the invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1827-1840. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xin‐Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Yong‐Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Shao‐Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Juan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
- School of Environment Science and Spatial InformaticsChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouP. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco‐Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze LakeSchool of Life SciencesHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuaianP. R. China
| | - Zi‐Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Meng‐Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Chun‐Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of OncologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jun‐Hua Tan
- Department of OncologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouP. R. China
| | - Dong‐Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
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15
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Wang X, Lang M, Zhao T, Feng X, Zheng C, Huang C, Hao J, Dong J, Luo L, Li X, Lan C, Yu W, Yu M, Yang S, Ren H. Cancer-FOXP3 directly activated CCL5 to recruit FOXP3 +Treg cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:3048-3058. [PMID: 27991933 PMCID: PMC5454319 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkheadbox protein 3 (FOXP3), initially identified as a key transcription factor for regulatory T cells (Treg cells), was also expressed in many tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, its role in PDAC progression remains elusive. In this study, we utilized 120 PDAC tissues after radical resection to detect cancer-FOXP3 and Treg cells by immunohistochemistry and evaluated clinical and pathological features of these patients. Cancer-FOXP3 was positively correlated with Treg cells accumulation in tumor tissues derived from PDAC patients. In addition, high cancer-FOXP3 expression was associated with increased tumor volumes and poor prognosis in PDAC especially combined with high levels of Treg cells. Overexpression of cancer-FOXP3 promoted the tumor growth in immunocompetent syngeneic mice but not in immunocompromised or Treg cell-depleted mice. Furthermore, CCL5 was directly trans-activated by cancer-FOXP3 and promoted the recruitment of Treg cells from peripheral blood to the tumor site in vitro and in vivo. This finding has been further reinforced by the evidence that Treg cells recruitment by cancer-FOXP3 was impaired by neutralization of CCL5, thereby inhibiting the growth of PDAC. In conclusion, cancer-FOXP3 serves as a prognostic biomarker and a crucial determinant of immunosuppressive microenvironment via recruiting Treg cells by directly trans-activating CCL5. Therefore, cancer-FOXP3 could be used to select patients with better response to CCL5/CCR5 blockade immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL5/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/genetics
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/physiology
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - M Lang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - T Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - X Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - C Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - C Huang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - J Hao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - J Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - L Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, Hepingqu Gynaecology and Obsterics Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - C Lan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - W Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - M Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - S Yang
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - H Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
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16
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Comar M, Zanotta N, Zanconati F, Cortale M, Bonotti A, Cristaudo A, Bovenzi M. Chemokines involved in the early inflammatory response and in pro-tumoral activity in asbestos-exposed workers from an Italian coastal area with territorial clusters of pleural malignant mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2016; 94:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Hsu YL, Hsieh CJ, Tsai EM, Hung JY, Chang WA, Hou MF, Kuo PL. Didymin reverses phthalate ester-associated breast cancer aggravation in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1035-1042. [PMID: 26893687 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated two novel findings. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study to demonstrate that regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), produced by breast tumor-associated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (TADCs) following breast cancer cell exposure to phthalate esters, may contribute to the progression of cancer via enhancement of cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, the present study revealed that didymin, a dietary flavonoid glycoside present in citrus fruits, was able to reverse phthalate ester-mediated breast cancer aggravation. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) or di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Subsequently, the conditioned medium (CM) was harvested and cultured with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mdDCs). Cultures of MDA-MB-231 cells with the conditioned medium of BBP-, DBP- or DEHP-MDA-MB-231 tumor-associated mdDCs (BBP-, DBP- or DEHP-MDA-TADC-CM) demonstrated enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion. Exposure of the MDA-MB-231 cells to DBP induced the MDA-TADCs to produce the inflammatory cytokine RANTES, which subsequently induced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Depleting RANTES reversed the effects of DBP-MDA-TADC-mediated MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, didymin was observed to suppress phthalate-mediated breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The present study suggested that didymin was capable of preventing phthalate ester-associated cancer aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C
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18
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Kim HJ, Park J, Lee SK, Kim KR, Park KK, Chung WY. Loss of RUNX3 expression promotes cancer-associated bone destruction by regulating CCL5, CCL19 and CXCL11 in non-small cell lung cancer. J Pathol 2015; 237:520-31. [PMID: 26239696 PMCID: PMC4832375 DOI: 10.1002/path.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently metastasizes to bone, which is associated with significant morbidity and a dismal prognosis. RUNX3 functions as a tumour suppressor in lung cancer and loss of expression occurs more frequently in invasive lung adenocarcinoma than in pre‐invasive lesions. Here, we show that RUNX3 and RUNX3‐regulated chemokines are linked to NSCLC‐mediated bone resorption. Notably, the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, an index of osteoclastogenic stimulation, was significantly increased in human osteoblastic cells treated with conditioned media derived from RUNX3‐knockdown NSCLC cells. We aimed to identify RUNX3‐regulated factors that modify the osteoblastic RANKL/OPG ratio and found that RUNX3 knockdown led to CCL5 up‐regulation and down‐regulation of CCL19 and CXCL11 in NSCLC cells. Tumour size was noticeably increased and more severe osteolytic lesions were induced in the calvaria and tibiae of mice that received RUNX3‐knockdown cells. In response to RUNX3 knockdown, serum and tissue levels of CCL5 increased, whereas CCL19 and CXCL11 decreased. Furthermore, CCL5 increased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner; however, CCL19 and CXCL11 did not show any significant effects. The RANKL/OPG ratio in osteoblastic cells was increased by CCL5 but reduced by CCL19 and CXCL11. CCL5 promoted osteoclast differentiation, but CCL19 and CXCL11 reduced osteoclastogenesis in RANKL‐treated bone marrow macrophages. These findings suggest that RUNX3 and related chemokines are useful markers for the prediction and/or treatment of NSCLC‐induced bone destruction. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Pertuz Belloso S, Gorocica Rosete P, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Aquino-Jarquin G. Role of Chemokines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Angiogenesis and Inflammation. J Cancer 2015; 6:938-52. [PMID: 26316890 PMCID: PMC4543754 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of aggressive cancer. The tumor tissue, which shows an active angiogenesis, is composed of neoplastic and stromal cells, and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate. Angiogenesis is important to support tumor growth, while infiltrating cells contribute to the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, important molecules in the progression of the disease. Chemokines are important in development, activation of the immune response, and physiological angiogenesis. Chemokines have emerged as important regulators in the pathophysiology of cancer. These molecules are involved in the angiogenesis/angiostasis balance and in the recruitment of tumor infiltrating hematopoietic cells. In addition, chemokines promote tumor cell survival, as well as the directing and establishment of tumor cells to metastasis sites. The findings summarized here emphasize the central role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in the inflammatory process of NSCLC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- 2. Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Pertuz Belloso
- 3. Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica Rosete
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- 4. Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics. Tower of Haemato-oncology, Children´s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gomez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Kan JY, Wu DC, Yu FJ, Wu CY, Ho YW, Chiu YJ, Jian SF, Hung JY, Wang JY, Kuo PL. Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 5 is Involved in Tumor-Associated Dendritic Cell-Mediated Colon Cancer Progression Through Non-Coding RNA MALAT-1. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1883-94. [PMID: 25546229 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor micro-environment is a critical factor in the development of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory cytokines secreted by tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) that contribute to enhanced migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colon cancer. The administration of recombinant human chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), which is largely expressed by colon cancer surrounding TADCs, mimicked the stimulation of TADC-conditioned medium on migration, invasion, and EMT in colon cancer cells. Blocking CCL5 by neutralizing antibodies or siRNA transfection diminished the promotion of cancer progression by TADCs. Tumor-infiltrating CD11c(+) DCs in human colon cancer specimens were shown to produce CCL5. The stimulation of colon cancer progression by TADC-derived CCL5 was associated with the up-regulation of non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1), which subsequently increased the expression of Snail. Blocking MALAT-1 significantly decreased the TADC-conditioned medium and CCL5-mediated migration and invasion by decreasing the enhancement of Snail, suggesting that the MALAT-1/Snail pathway plays a critical role in TADC-mediated cancer progression. In conclusion, the inhibition of CCL5 or CCL5-related signaling may be an attractive therapeutic target in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yu Kan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Sambyal V, Manjari M, Sudan M, Uppal MS, Singh NR, Singh H, Guleria K. No Association between the CCR5Δ32 Polymorphism and Sporadic Esophageal Cancer in Punjab, North-West India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4291-5. [PMID: 26028088 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines and their receptors influence carcinogenesis and cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) directs spread of cancer to other tissues. A 32 base pair deletion in the coding region of CCR5 that might alter the expression or function of the protein has been implicated in a variety of immune-mediated diseases. The action of antiviral drugs being proposed as adjuvant therapy in cancer is dependent on CCR5 wild type status. In the present study, distribution of CCR5Δ32 polymorphism was assessed in North Indian esophageal cancer patients to explore the potential of using chemokine receptors antagonists as adjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA samples of 175 sporadic esophageal cancer patients (69 males and 106 females) and 175 unrelated healthy control individuals (69 males and 106 females) were screened for the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The frequencies of wild type homozygous (CCR5/CCR5), heterozygous (CCR5/Δ32) and homozygous mutant (Δ32/Δ32) genotypes were 96.0 vs 97.72%, 4.0 vs 1.71% and 0 vs 0.57% in patients and controls respectively. There was no difference in the genotype and allele frequencies of CCR5Δ32 polymorphism in esophageal cancer patients and control group. CONCLUSIONS The CCR5Δ32 polymorphism is not associated with esophageal cancer in North Indians. As the majority of patients express the wild type allele, there is potential of using antiviral drug therapy as adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Sambyal
- Department of Human Genetics, Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, India E-mail :
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Yang Y, Gorzelanny C, Bauer AT, Halter N, Komljenovic D, Bäuerle T, Borsig L, Roblek M, Schneider SW. Nuclear heparanase-1 activity suppresses melanoma progression via its DNA-binding affinity. Oncogene 2015; 34:5832-42. [PMID: 25745999 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE) plays a pivotal role in structural remodeling of the ECM and the glycocalyx, thus conferring protumorigenic, proangiogenic and prometastatic properties to many cancer entities. In addition to its extracellular function, recent studies suggest an intracellular activity of HPSE with a largely unknown significance during tumor progression. Therefore, we investigated the relevance of the dual functions of HPSE to malignant melanoma in vitro, as well as in different mouse melanoma models based on the intradermal or intravenous injection of melanoma cells. Consistent with its extracellular action, an HPSE deficiency led to a reduced shedding of the glycocalyx accompanied by a reduced availability of vascular endothelial growth factor, affecting tumor growth and vascularization. In contrast, we measured an elevated expression of the protumorigenic factors pentraxin-3, tissue factor, TNF-α and most prominently, MMP-9, upon HPSE knockdown. In vivo, an HPSE deficiency was related to increased lymph node metastasis. Since the inhibition of its extracellular function with heparin was unable to block the gene regulatory impact of HPSE, we proposed an intracellular mechanism. Immunostaining revealed a counter-staining of HPSE and NF-κB in the nucleus, suggesting a close relationship between both proteins. This finding was further supported by the discovery of a direct charge-driven molecular interaction between HPSE and DNA by using atomic force microscopy and a co-precipitation approach. Our findings are novel and point towards a dual function for HPSE in malignant melanoma with a protumorigenic extracellular activity and a tumor-suppressive nuclear action. The identification of molecular strategies to shuttle extracellular HPSE into the nuclei of cancer cells could provide new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - C Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A T Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - N Halter
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D Komljenovic
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Roblek
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Comar M, Zanotta N, Bonotti A, Tognon M, Negro C, Cristaudo A, Bovenzi M. Increased levels of C-C chemokine RANTES in asbestos exposed workers and in malignant mesothelioma patients from an hyperendemic area. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104848. [PMID: 25162674 PMCID: PMC4146505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asbestos-induced mesothelial inflammatory processes are thought to be the basic mechanisms underlying Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) development. Detection of MM often occurs at late stage due to the long and unpredictable latent period and the low incidence in asbestos exposed individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate early immunological biomarkers to characterize the prognostic profile of a possible asbestos-induced disease, in subjects from a MM hyperendemic area. Methods The Luminex Multiplex Panel Technology was used for the simultaneous measurement of serum levels of a large panel of 47 analytes, including cytokines and growth factors, from workers previously exposed to asbestos (Asb-workers), asbestos-induced MM patients and healthy subjects. In addition, to explore the influence on serum cytokines profile exerted by SV40 infection, a cofactor in MM development, a quantitative real time PCR was performed for sequences detection in the N-terminal and intronic regions of the SV40 Tag gene. Statistical analysis was done by means of the Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskall-Wallis test for variance analysis. Results A variety of 25 cytokines linked to pulmonary inflammation and tumor development were found significantly associated with Asb-workers and MM patients compared with healthy controls. A specific pattern of cytokines were found highly expressed in Asb-workers: IFN-alpha (p<0.05), EOTAXIN (p<0.01), RANTES (p<0.001), and in MM patients: IL-12(p40), IL-3, IL-1 alpha, MCP-3, beta-NGF, TNF-beta, RANTES (p<0.001). Notably, the chemokine RANTES measured the highest serum level showing an increased gradient of concentration from healthy subjects to Asb-workers and MM patients (p<0.001), independently of SV40 infection. Conclusion This study shows that, in subjects from an hyperendemic area for MM, the C-C chemokine RANTES is associated with the exposure to asbestos fibres. If validated in larger samples, this factor could have the potential to be a critical biomarker for MM prognosis as recently reported for breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”–Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Clinical Unit of Hygiene, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”–Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonotti
- Division of Occupational & Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Corrado Negro
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alfonso Cristaudo
- Division of Occupational & Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Bovenzi
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Mishalian I, Bayuh R, Eruslanov E, Michaeli J, Levy L, Zolotarov L, Singhal S, Albelda SM, Granot Z, Fridlender ZG. Neutrophils recruit regulatory T-cells into tumors via secretion of CCL17--a new mechanism of impaired antitumor immunity. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1178-86. [PMID: 24501019 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) affect tumor growth are to a large extent unknown. Regulatory T-cells (T-regs) are functionally immune-suppressive subsets of T-cells. Depletion or inhibition of T-regs can enhance antitumor immunity. We demonstrated both by RT-PCR and by ELISA that murine TANs secrete significant amounts of the T-regs chemoattractant, CCL17, much more than circulating or splenic neutrophils, and at a level progressively increasing during tumor development. Migration assays, both in vitro and in vivo, showed recruitment of T-regs by TANs, which was inhibited with anti-CCL17 monoclonal antibodies. Systemic neutrophil depletion in tumor-bearing mice using anti-Ly6G monoclonal antibodies reduced the migration of T-regs into the tumors. We further showed, using flow cytometry, that CCL17 secretion by TANs is not limited to mouse models of cancer but is also relevant to human TANs. Our results suggest a new indirect mechanism by which TANs may inhibit antitumor immune activity, thus promoting tumor growth. We further describe, for the first time, a clear link between TANs and T-regs acting together to impair antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Mishalian
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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The Role of Inflammation in Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:1-23. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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SHEN ZHIYUAN, LI TIANYI, CHEN DA, JIA SEN, YANG XIANGMING, LIANG LIANG, CHAI JUAN, CHENG XIAOBING, YANG XINJIE, SUN MOYI. The CCL5/CCR5 axis contributes to the perineural invasion of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:800-6. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Mango RL, Wu QP, West M, McCook EC, Serody JS, van Deventer HW. C-C chemokine receptor 5 on pulmonary mesenchymal cells promotes experimental metastasis via the induction of erythroid differentiation regulator 1. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 12:274-82. [PMID: 24197118 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED C-C Chemokine receptor 5 knockout (Ccr5(-/-)) mice develop fewer experimental pulmonary metastases than wild-type (WT) mice. This phenomenon was explored by applying gene expression profiling to the lungs of mice with these metastases. Consequently, erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) was identified as upregulated in the WT mice. Though commonly associated with bone marrow stroma, Erdr1 was differentially expressed in WT pulmonary mesenchymal cells (PMC) and murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). Moreover, the Ccr5 ligand Ccl4 increased its expression by 3.36 ± 0.14-fold. Ccr5 signaling was dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Map2k) but not the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Pi3k) pathway because treatment with U0126 inhibited upregulation of Erdr1, but treatment with LY294002 increased the expression by 3.44 ± 0.92-fold (P < 0.05). The effect Erdr1 on B16-F10 melanoma metastasis was verified by the adoptive transfer of WT MEFs into Ccr5(-/-) mice. In this model, MEFs that had been transduced with Erdr1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lowered metastasis by 33% compared with control transduced MEFs. The relevance of ERDR1 on human disease was assessed by coculturing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells with M2-10B4 stromal cells that had been transfected with shRNA or control plasmids. After 96 hours of coculture, the cell counts were higher with control cell lines than with Erdr1 knockdown lines [odds ratio (OR), 1.88 ± 0.27, 2.52 ± 0.66, respectively]. This increase was associated with a decrease in apoptotic cells (OR, 0.69 ± 0.18, 0.58 ± 0.12, respectively). IMPLICATIONS Therefore, ERDR1 is a stromal-derived factor that promotes cancer cell survival in vitro and in an experimental metastasis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Mango
- University of North Carolina, CB 7305, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7305.
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The chemokine system, and its CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors, as potential targets for personalized therapy in cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 352:36-53. [PMID: 24141062 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors regulate the trafficking of leukocytes in hematopoiesis and inflammation, and thus are fundamental to the immune integrity of the host. In parallel, members of the chemokine system exert a large variety of functions that dictate processes of cancer development and progression. Chemokines can act as pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral regulators of malignancy by affecting cells of the tumor microenvironment (leukocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts) and the tumor cells themselves (migration, invasion, proliferation, resistance to chemotherapy). Several of the chemokines are generally skewed towards the cancer-promoting direction, including primarily the CCR5-CCL5 (RANTES) and the CXCR4-CXCL12 (SDF-1) axes. This review provides a general view of chemokines and chemokine receptors as regulators of malignancy, describing their multi-faceted activities in cancer. The tumor-promoting activities of the CCR5-CCL5 and CXCR4-CXCL12 pathways are enlightened, emphasizing their potential use as targets for personalized therapy. Indeed, novel blockers of chemokines and their receptors are constantly emerging, and two chemokine receptor inhibitors were recently approved for clinical use: Maraviroc for CCR5 and Plerixafor for CXCR4. The review addresses ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials using these modalities and others in cancer. Then, challenges and opportunities of personalized therapy directed against chemokines and their receptors in malignancy are discussed, demonstrating that such novel personalized cancer therapies hold many challenges, but also offer hope for cancer patients.
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Lin SJ, Chang KP, Hsu CW, Chi LM, Chien KY, Liang Y, Tsai MH, Lin YT, Yu JS. Low-molecular-mass secretome profiling identifies C-C motif chemokine 5 as a potential plasma biomarker and therapeutic target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Proteomics 2013; 94:186-201. [PMID: 24080422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer cell secretome profiling has been shown to be a promising strategy for identifying potential body fluid-accessible cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, very few reports have investigated low-molecular-mass (LMr) proteins (<15kDa) in the cancer cell secretome. In the present study, we applied tricine-SDS-gel-assisted fractionation in conjunction with LC-MS/MS to systemically identify LMr proteins in the secretomes of three nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. We examined two NPC tissue transcriptome datasets to identify LMr genes/proteins that are highly upregulated in NPC tissues and also secreted/released from NPC cells, obtaining 35 candidates. We verified the overexpression of four targets (LSM2, SUMO1, RPL22, and CCL5) in NPC tissues by immunohistochemistry and demonstrated elevated plasma levels of two targets (S100A2 and CCL5) in NPC patients by ELISA. Notably, plasma CCL5 showed good power (AUC 0.801) for discriminating NPC patients from healthy controls. Additionally, functional assays revealed that CCL5 promoted migration of NPC cells, an effect that was effectively blocked by CCL5-neutralizing antibodies and maraviroc, a CCL5 receptor antagonist. Collectively, our data indicate the feasibility of the tricine-SDS-gel/LC-MS/MS approach for efficient identification of LMr proteins from cancer cell secretomes, and suggest that CCL5 is a potential plasma biomarker and therapeutic target for NPC. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Both LMr proteome and cancer cell secretome represent attractive reservoirs for discovery of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our present study provides evidence for the practicality of using the tricine-SDS-PAGE/LC-MS/MS approach for in-depth identification of LMr proteins from the NPC cell secretomes, leading to the discovery of CCL5 as a potential plasma biomarker and therapeutic target for NPC. We believe that the modified GeLC-MS/MS approach used here can be further applied to explore extremely low-abundance, extracellular LMr proteins with important biological functions in other cell lines and biospecimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Umekawa K, Kimura T, Kudoh S, Suzumura T, Oka T, Nagata M, Mitsuoka S, Matsuura K, Nakai T, Yoshimura N, Kira Y, Hirata K. Plasma RANTES, IL-10, and IL-8 levels in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:139. [PMID: 23566546 PMCID: PMC3637543 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), routinely used to treat advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activated EGFR mutations, are associated with excellent response and improved performance status. Recently, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-8 have been proposed as mediators of cancer development. EGFR-TKIs have been found to affect this network of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib, 150 mg/day; and gefitinib, 250 mg/day) were administered once per day. Treatment was continued until disease progressed or the patient developed intolerable symptoms of toxicity, or withdrew his/her consent for study participation. The treatment was a part of standard care. We investigated the correlation between plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines (including plasma RANTES, IL-10, and IL-8) levels and clinical outcomes following EGFR-TKI treatment in lung cancer patients. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated at diagnosis and on treatment day 30 after the first administration of EGFR-TKIs. Results Overall, 33 patients were enrolled. Plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were determined for all patients at diagnosis. Plasma samples from 26 patients were obtained on treatment day 30. High level of RANTES at diagnosis was associated with severe general fatigue (P = .026). Low level of RANTES at diagnosis was significantly associated with long-term survival (P = .0032). Percent decrease change of IL-10 was associated with severity of rash (P = .037). The plasma IL-8 level on treatment day 30 (median, 5.48 pg/mL; range, 0.49–26.13 pg/mL) was significantly lower than the level at diagnosis (median 10.45 pg/mL; 3.04–54.86 pg/mL; P = .021). Conclusions These results suggest that EGFR-TKIs may suppress systemic inflammation and promote tumor shrinkage. The network of pro-inflammatory cytokines was affected by EGFR-TKI treatment for NSCLC. In addition, the clinical outcomes of EGFR-TKI treatment were influenced by the status of the plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Umekawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Nguyen HT, Zhuang Y, Sun L, Kantrow SP, Kolls JK, You Z, Zhuo Y, Shan B. Src-mediated morphology transition of lung cancer cells in three-dimensional organotypic culture. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:16. [PMID: 23409704 PMCID: PMC3626791 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A fribotic tumor microenvironment promotes progression of cancer. In this study, we utilize a reconstituted basement membrane mimics Matrigel based three-dimensional organotypic culture (rBM 3-D) to investigate the mechanisms that mediate the tumor promoting effects of the fibrogenic mediators TGF-β1 and type I collagen (Col-1) on lung adenocarcinoma cells. Similar to normal alveolar epithelial cells, the well-differentiated lung adenocarcinoma cells in rBM 3-D culture undergo acinar morphogeneis that features polarized epithelial cell spheres with a single central lumen. Either TGF-β1 or Col-1 modestly distorts acinar morphogenesis. On the other hand, TGF-β1 and Col-1 synergistically induce a transition from acinar morphology into stellate morphology that is characteristic of invasive and metastatic cancer cells. Inhibition of the Src kinase activity abrogates induction of stellate morphology, activation of Akt and mTOR, and the expression of tumor promoting genes by TGF-β1 and Col-1. To a similar extent, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR abrogates the cellular responses to TGF-β1 and Col-1. In summary, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 and Col-1 promote stellate morphogenesis of lung cancer cells. Our findings further suggest that the Src-Akt-mTOR axis mediates stellate morphogenesis. These findings also indicate that rBM 3-D culture can serve as an ideal platform for swift and cost-effective screening of therapeutic candidates at the interface of the tumor and its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Radziwon-Balicka A, Medina C, O'Driscoll L, Treumann A, Bazou D, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Radomski A, Jow H, Radomski MW. Platelets increase survival of adenocarcinoma cells challenged with anticancer drugs: mechanisms and implications for chemoresistance. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:787-804. [PMID: 22506717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cancer cells grow without the restraints of feedback control mechanisms, leading to increased cancer cell survival. The treatment of cancer is often complicated by the lack of response to chemotherapy leading to chemoresistance and persistent survival of tumour cells. In this work we studied the role of platelets in chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death and survival. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human adenocarcinoma cells, colonic (Caco-2) and ovarian (59 M) cells, were incubated with 5-fluorouracil (1-300 µg·mL(-1) ) or paclitaxel (1-200 µg·mL(-1) ) in the presence or absence of platelets (1.5 × 10(8) mL(-1) ) for 1, 24 or 72 h. Following incubation, cancer cells were harvested and cell survival/death was assayed using flow cytometry, Western blotting, real-time PCR, TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays and proteomics. KEY RESULTS Human platelets increased the survival of colonic and ovarian adenocarcinoma cells treated with two standard anticancer drugs, 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel. In the presence of platelets, cancer cells up-regulated anti-apoptotic and down-regulated pro-apoptotic genes, increased the number of cells in the synthesis of DNA and decreased the number in the quiescent phase, increased expression of cyclins, DNA repair proteins and MAPKs. The analysis of platelet-Caco-2 secretome demonstrated the release of the chemokine RANTES, thrombospondin-1, TGF-β and clusterin. Finally, human recombinant RANTES and thrombospondin-1 improved survival of Caco-2 cells challenged with paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data demonstrate that platelets increase adenocarcinoma cells survival, proliferation and chemoresistance to standard anticancer drugs. Modulating cancer cell-platelet interactions may offer a new strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Radziwon-Balicka
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Lee NJ, Choi DY, Song JK, Jung YY, Kim DH, Kim TM, Kim DJ, Kwon SM, Kim KB, Choi KE, Moon DC, Kim Y, Han SB, Hong JT. Deficiency of C–C chemokine receptor 5 suppresses tumor development via inactivation of NF–ĸB and inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in urethane-induced lung tumor model. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2520-8. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Nolen BM, Langmead CJ, Choi S, Lomakin A, Marrangoni A, Bigbee WL, Weissfeld JL, Wilson DO, Dacic S, Siegfried JM, Lokshin AE. Serum biomarker profiles as diagnostic tools in lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2012; 10:3-12. [PMID: 22297547 PMCID: PMC4556364 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-2012-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography (CT) scanning has emerged as an effective means of early detection for lung cancer. Despite marked improvement over earlier methodologies, the low level of specificity demonstrated by CT scanning has limited its clinical implementation as a screening tool. A minimally-invasive biomarker-based test that could further characterize CT-positive patients based on risk of malignancy would greatly enhance its clinical efficacy. METHODS We performed an analysis of 81 serum proteins in 92 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and 172 CT-screened control individuals. We utilize a series of bioinformatics algorithms including Metropolis-Monte Carlo, artificial neural networks, Naïve Bayes, and additive logistic regression to identify multimarker panels capable of discriminating cases from controls with high levels of sensitivity and specificity in distinct training and independent validation sets. RESULTS A three-biomarker panel comprised of MIF, prolactin, and thrombospondin identified using the Metropolis-Monte Carlo algorithm provided the best classification with a %Sensitivity/Specificity/Accuracy of 74/90/86 in the training set and 70/93/82 in the validation set. This panel was effective in the classification of control individuals demonstrating suspicious pulmonary nodules and stage I lung cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The selected serum biomarker panel demonstrated a high diagnostic utility in the current study and performance characteristics which compare favorably with previous reports. Further advancements may lead to the development of a diagnostic tool useful as an adjunct to CT-scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Nolen
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Song JK, Park MH, Choi DY, Yoo HS, Han SB, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Deficiency of C-C chemokine receptor 5 suppresses tumor development via inactivation of NF-κB and upregulation of IL-1Ra in melanoma model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33747. [PMID: 22567084 PMCID: PMC3342329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the relevance of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) expression and tumor development, we compared melanoma growth in CCR5 knockout (CCR5−/−) mice and wild type (CCR5+/+) mice. CCR5−/− mice showed reduced tumor volume, tumor weight, and increased survival rate when compared to CCR5+/+ mice. We investigated the activation of NF-κB since it is an implicated transcription factor in the regulation of genes involving cell growth, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Significant inhibition of DNA binding activity of NF-κB, and translocation of p50 and p65 into the nucleus through the inhibition of phosphorylation of IκB was found in the melanoma tissues of CCR5−/− mice compared to melanoma tissues of CCR5+/+ mice. NF-κB target apoptotic protein expression, such as cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and Bax, was elevated, whereas the survival protein expression levels, such as Bcl-2, C-IAP1, was decreased in the melanoma tissues of CCR5−/− mice. Interestingly, we found that the level of IL-1Ra, a tumor growth suppressive cytokine, was significantly elevated in tumor tissue and spleen of CCR5−/− mice compared to the level in CCR5+/+ mice. Moreover, infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cell and CD57+ natural killer cells was significantly increased in melanoma tumor and spleen tissue of CCR5−/− mice compared to that of CCR5+/+ mice. Therefore, these results showed that CCR5 deficiency caused apoptotic cell death of melanoma through inhibition of NF-κB and upregulation of IL-1Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Kyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Soo Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lin S, Wan S, Sun L, Hu J, Fang D, Zhao R, Yuan S, Zhang L. Chemokine C-C motif receptor 5 and C-C motif ligand 5 promote cancer cell migration under hypoxia. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:904-12. [PMID: 22380870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CC motif receptor 5 (CCR5) and its ligands have been reported to be associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Although recent researches have demonstrated a fundamental role of hypoxia in cancer, the effect of hypoxia on the expression and function of CCR5 and its ligands in cancer cells is unknown. Here, we investigated the status of CCR5 and its ligands in cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining showed that hypoxia induced a strong increase of CCR5 expression. Dual luciferase assay and mRNA stability analysis indicated that hypoxia-induced CCR5 mRNA expression relied on both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. We detected the expression of CCR5 ligands and found that chemokine CC motif ligand 5 (CCL5) was induced under hypoxia. Recombinant human CCL5 stimulated cell migration rather than cell proliferation under hypoxia, and neutralization of CCL5 inhibited hypoxia-induced migration of cancer cells. Similarly, overexpression of CCR5 increased cell migration, and knockdown of CCR5 attenuated hypoxia-mediated cell migration. We further showed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was involved in CCR5 and CCL5 regulation under hypoxia. HIF-1α mRNA levels were highly correlated with CCR5 mRNA and CCL5 mRNA levels in clinical samples. CCR5 and CCL5 were highly expressed in breast cancer lymph nodes metastases. Taken together, our data suggest that CCR5-CCL5 interaction promotes cancer cell migration under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Lin
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Role of RANTES and its receptor in gastric cancer metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:342-347. [PMID: 21671175 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) in gastric cancer metastasis and the associated mechanism. The expression of RANTES and CCR5 was detected by using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting in the gastric cancer tissues obtained from 60 gastric cancer patients with or without lymph node metastasis (n=30 in each). The results showed that the expression levels of RANTES and CCR5 were higher in gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis than in that without metastasis (P<0.05). The expression levels of RANTES in 30 lymph nodes with cancerous invasion were higher than in 30 normal lymph nodes (P<0.05). Chemotactic test revealed that the number of migrating gastric cancer cells (n=295.0 ± 54.6) induced by the protein of cancer-invading lymph nodes was greater than that by the protein mixture from cancer-invading lymph nodes and RANTES antibody (n=42.5 ± 11.6) (P<0.05). RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of the main Th1 cytokines (IL-2, Γ-IFN) were lower in gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis (2.22 ± 0.90, 3.26 ± 1.15 respectively) than in that without metastasis (3.07 ± 1.67, 4.77 ± 1.52 respectively) (P<0.05), but the expression level of the main Th 2 cytokine (IL-10) was higher in gastric cancer with lymph nodes metastasis (6.06 ± 2.04) than in that without metastasis (4.88 ± 1.87) (P<0.05). It was concluded that RANTES and its receptor CCR5 may contribute to gastric cancer metastasis through influencing the balance of Th1/Th2. RANTES and CCR5 may become a marker of gastric cancer metastasis.
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Wilgus ML, Borczuk AC, Stoopler M, Ginsburg M, Gorenstein L, Sonett JR, Powell CA. Lysyl oxidase: A lung adenocarcinoma biomarker of invasion and survival. Cancer 2010; 117:2186-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Qin Y, Verdegaal EME, Siderius M, Bebelman JP, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Willemze R, Tensen CP, Osanto S. Quantitative expression profiling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in metastatic melanoma: the constitutively active orphan GPCR GPR18 as novel drug target. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010; 24:207-18. [PMID: 20880198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been implicated in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of human cancers and are considered amongst the most desirable targets for drug development. Utilizing a robust quantitative PCR array, we quantified expression of 94 human GPCRs, including 75 orphan GPCRs and 19 chemokine receptors, and 36 chemokine ligands, in 40 melanoma metastases from different individuals and benign nevi. Inter-metastatic site comparison revealed that orphan GPR174 and CCL28 are statistically significantly overexpressed in subcutaneous metastases, while P2RY5 is overexpressed in brain metastases. Comparison between metastases (all three metastatic sites) and benign nevi revealed that 16 genes, including six orphan receptors (GPR18, GPR34, GPR119, GPR160, GPR183 and P2RY10) and chemokine receptors CCR5, CXCR4, and CXCR6, were statistically significantly differentially expressed. Subsequent functional experiments in yeast and melanoma cells indicate that GPR18, the most abundantly overexpressed orphan GPCR in all melanoma metastases, is constitutively active and inhibits apoptosis, indicating an important role for GPR18 in tumor cell survival. GPR18 and five other orphan GPCRs with yet unknown biological function may be considered potential novel anticancer targets in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Henson BJ, Gollin SM. Overexpression of KLF13 and FGFR3 in oral cancer cells. Cytogenet Genome Res 2010; 128:192-8. [PMID: 20539070 DOI: 10.1159/000308303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
KLF13 and FGFR3 have important cellular functions and each is believed to play a role in cancer. KLF13 is a transcription factor required for the expression of several oncogenes. FGFR3 is a fibroblast growth factor receptor that initiates a signaling cascade leading to the activation of numerous cellular pathways. Here we show that KLF13 and FGFR3 are overexpressed in oral cancer cells. We also show that artificially reducing cellular levels of KLF13 and FGFR3 decreases cell proliferation and increases sensitivity to ionizing radiation. These data suggest that KLF13 and FGFR3 contribute to malignancy in oral cancer cells and may be useful biomarkers for early detection and possible targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Henson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Abstract
The histologic distinction between bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and other adenocarcinomas is tissue invasion. The clinical importance of lung adenocarcinoma invasion is supported by several recent studies indicating that the risk of death in nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is significantly lower than that of pure invasive tumors and in tumors with greater than 0.5 cm of fibrosis or linear invasion. Using microarray gene expression profiling of human tumors, dysregulation of transforming growth factor-beta signaling was identified as an important mediator of tumor invasion. Subsequent studies showed that the CC chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, and presumably secreted was up-regulated in invasive tumors and was required for invasion in cells with repressed levels of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor. Taken together, these studies illustrate how information gained from global expression profiling of tumors can be used to identify key pathways and genes mediating tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
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Low expression of chemokine receptor CCR5 in human colorectal cancer correlates with lymphatic dissemination and reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25:417-24. [PMID: 20054600 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-009-0868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines and their receptors have been proposed to distinctly contribute to tumor growth, dissemination, and local immune escape. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the chemokine receptor CCR5 expression for the progression of human colorectal cancer. METHODS CCR5 expression was assessed by RT-PCR analysis in 103 colorectal cancer patients. Intensity of CCR5 expression was correlated with both tumor and patient characteristics. Infiltration of tumor margins with CD8(+) T cells in the context of CCR5 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in additional 18 colorectal cancer specimens. RESULTS Human colorectal cancer revealed variable intensities of CCR5 expression ranging from absent (48/103: 47%), weak (30/103: 29%), intermediate (13/103: 13%), to strong (12/103: 12%). Absent or weak CCR5 expression was significantly associated with advanced UICC stages (P=0.02) and lymphatic metastasis (P=0.05). In addition, CCR5 expression positively correlated with CD8(+) T-cell infiltration in tumor margins (P=0.001). CONCLUSION In summary, intermediate and strong CCR5 expression was significantly associated with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer and increased CD8(+) T-cell infiltration.
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Owens P, Engelking E, Han G, Haeger SM, Wang XJ. Epidermal Smad4 deletion results in aberrant wound healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 176:122-33. [PMID: 19959815 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the role of Smad4, a component of the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, in cutaneous wound repair. Interestingly, when Smad4 was deleted in the epidermis, several defects in wound healing were observed in non-keratinocyte compartments. In comparison with wounded wild-type mouse skin, Smad4-deficient wounds had delayed wound closure and remodeling. Increased angiogenesis and inflammation were found in Smad4-deficient skin; these effects were exacerbated throughout the entire wound healing process. In addition, increased numbers of myofibroblasts but reduced collagen levels were found in Smad4-deficient wounds in comparison with wild-type wounds. Since Smad4 is not a secreted protein, we assessed if the above non-cell autonomous alterations were the result of molecular alterations in Smad4-deficient keratinocytes, which exert paracrine effects on wound stroma. Smad4-deficient skin and wounds had elevated levels of transforming growth factor-beta1, which have been shown to induce similar phenotypes, as well as of several transforming growth factor-beta1 target genes, such as matrix metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5. Furthermore, the above pathological and molecular alterations were exacerbated in skin cancer lesions that spontaneously developed from Smad4-deficient skin. Therefore, loss of Smad4 in the epidermis appears to significantly affect the microenvironment during wound healing and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Owens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Henson BJ, Bhattacharjee S, O'Dee DM, Feingold E, Gollin SM. Decreased expression of miR-125b and miR-100 in oral cancer cells contributes to malignancy. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:569-82. [PMID: 19396866 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been observed in numerous malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, their role in disease is not entirely clear. Several genetic aberrations are characteristic of OSCC, with amplification of chromosomal band 11q13 and loss of distal 11q being among the most prevalent. It is not known if the expression levels of miRNAs in these regions are altered or whether they play a role in disease. We hypothesize that the expression of miRNAs mapping to 11q are altered in OSCC because of loss or amplification of chromosomal material, and that this contributes to the development and progression of OSCC. We found that miR-125b and miR-100 are down-regulated in OSCC tumor and cell lines, and that transfecting cells with exogenous miR-125b and miR-100 significantly reduced cell proliferation and modified the expression of target and nontarget genes, including some that are overexpressed in radioresistant OSCC cells. In conclusion, the down-regulation of miR-125b and miR-100 in OSCC appears to play an important role in the development and/or progression of disease and may contribute to the loss of sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Henson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Selectin-mediated activation of endothelial cells induces expression of CCL5 and promotes metastasis through recruitment of monocytes. Blood 2009; 114:4583-91. [PMID: 19779041 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-10-186585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematogenous metastasis is promoted by interactions of tumor cells with leukocytes, platelets, and the endothelium in the local intravascular microenvironment. Here we show that the activation of the microvascular endothelium results in recruitment of monocytes to metastatic tumor cells and promotes the establishment of the metastatic microenvironment. This inflammatory-like endothelial response was observed in microvascular endothelial cells only. Microarray analysis of microvascular endothelial cells cocultured with tumor cells in the presence of leukocytes and platelets revealed a specific gene expression profile. Selectin-mediated interactions of tumor cells with platelets and leukocytes activated endothelial cells and induced production of C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5). Inhibition of CCL5-dependent monocyte recruitment during the early phase of metastasis by a CCL5 receptor antagonist strongly reduced tumor cell survival and attenuated metastasis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the endothelial expression of CCL5 contributes to the formation of a permissive metastatic microenvironment.
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Eyman D, Damodarasamy M, Plymate SR, Reed MJ. CCL5 secreted by senescent aged fibroblasts induces proliferation of prostate epithelial cells and expression of genes that modulate angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2009; 220:376-81. [PMID: 19360811 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is increased interest in the effects of secretory products from aged cells on promoting both benign and malignant cell growth. We identified a human fibroblast line, AG04382, from an aged donor that naturally demonstrated senescence-associated features and whose conditioned media significantly induced proliferation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH1) cells. Candidate cytokines mediating this effect were identified with protein arrays and validated by ELISA. We found that the AG04382 fibroblast line secreted high levels of CXCL5, CCL5, and CCL2, but relative to the other lines, its conditioned media was unique in its increased expression of CCL5. Blocking studies using specific antibodies against CXCL5, CCL5, and CCL2 in the conditioned media of AG04382 showed that only CCL5 contributed significantly to BPH1 proliferation. Stimulation of BPH1 cells with rhuCCL5 resulted in increased proliferation and migration, as well as significant changes in the expression of genes that influence angiogenesis. These data suggest that CCL5 is a candidate chemokine secreted by aged cells that promotes prostate growth and regulates angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eyman
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Dubey S, Powell CA. Update in lung cancer 2008. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:860-8. [PMID: 19423719 PMCID: PMC2720086 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200902-0289up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Dubey
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Kim S, Buchlis G, Fridlender ZG, Sun J, Kapoor V, Cheng G, Haas A, Cheung HK, Zhang X, Corbley M, Kaiser LR, Ling L, Albelda SM. Systemic blockade of transforming growth factor-beta signaling augments the efficacy of immunogene therapy. Cancer Res 2009; 68:10247-56. [PMID: 19074893 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Locally produced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) promotes tumor-induced immunosuppression and contributes to resistance to immunotherapy. This article explores the potential for increased efficacy when combining immunotherapies with TGF-beta suppression using the TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor SM16. Adenovirus expressing IFN-beta (Ad.IFN-beta) was injected intratumorally once in established s.c. AB12 (mesothelioma) and LKR (lung cancer) tumors or intratracheally in a Kras orthotopic lung tumor model. Mice bearing TC1 (lung cancer) tumors were vaccinated with two injections of adenovirus expressing human papillomavirus-E7 (HPV-E7; Ad.E7). SM16 was administered orally in formulated chow. Tumor growth was assessed and cytokine expression and cell populations were measured in tumors and spleens by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. SM16 potentiated the efficacy of both immunotherapies in each of the models and caused changes in the tumor microenvironment. The combination of SM16 and Ad.IFN-beta increased the number of intratumoral leukocytes (including macrophages, natural killer cells, and CD8(+) cells) and increased the percentage of T cells expressing the activation marker CD25. SM16 also augmented the antitumor effects of Ad.E7 in the TC1 flank tumor model. The combination did not increase HPV-E7 tetramer-positive CD8(+) T cells in the spleens but did induce a marked increase in the tumors. Tumors from SM16-treated mice showed increased mRNA and protein for immunostimulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as endothelial adhesion molecules, suggesting a mechanism for the increased intratumoral leukocyte trafficking. Blockade of the TGF-beta signaling pathway augments the antitumor effects of Ad.IFN-beta immune-activating or Ad.E7 vaccination therapy. The addition of TGF-beta blocking agents in clinical trials of immunotherapies may increase efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kim
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA
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Liang Y. An expression meta-analysis of predicted microRNA targets identifies a diagnostic signature for lung cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2008; 1:61. [PMID: 19087325 PMCID: PMC2633354 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-1-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), two major histologic subtypes of lung cancer, currently receive similar standard treatments, but resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy is prevalent. Identification of differentially expressed genes marking AD and SCC may prove to be of diagnostic value and help unravel molecular basis of their histogenesis and biologies, and deliver more effective and specific systemic therapy. Methods MiRNA target genes were predicted by union of miRanda, TargetScan, and PicTar, followed by screening for matched gene symbols in NCBI human sequences and Gene Ontology (GO) terms using the PANTHER database that was also used for analyzing the significance of biological processes and pathways within each ontology term. Microarray data were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus repository, and tumor subtype prediction by gene expression used Prediction Analysis of Microarrays. Results Computationally predicted target genes of three microRNAs, miR-34b/34c/449, that were detected in human lung, testis, and fallopian tubes but not in other normal tissues, were filtered by representation of GO terms and their ability to classify lung cancer subtypes, followed by a meta-analysis of microarray data to classify AD and SCC. Expression of a minimal set of 17 predicted miR-34b/34c/449 target genes derived from the developmental process GO category was identified from a training set to classify 41 AD and 17 SCC, and correctly predicted in average 87% of 354 AD and 82% of 282 SCC specimens from total 9 independent published datasets. The accuracy of prediction still remains comparable when classifying 103 AD and 79 SCC samples from another 4 published datasets that have only 14 to 16 of the 17 genes available for prediction (84% and 85% for AD and SCC, respectively). Expression of this signature in two published datasets of epithelial cells obtained at bronchoscopy from cigarette smokers, if combined with cytopathology of the cells, yielded 89–90% sensitivity of lung cancer detection and 87–90% negative predictive value to non-cancer patients. Conclusion This study focuses on predicted targets of three lung-enriched miRNAs, compares their expression patterns in lung cancer by their GO terms, and identifies a minimal set of genes differentially expressed in AD and SCC, followed by validating this gene signature in multiple published datasets. Expression of this gene signature in bronchial epithelial cells of cigarette smokers also has a great sensitivity to predict the patients having lung cancer if combined with cytopathology of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology-Assay R&D, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
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