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Yu Q, Zhao J, Yang A, Li X. MLLT6/ATF2 Axis Restrains Breast Cancer Progression by Driving DDIT3/4 Expression. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:796-811. [PMID: 38757913 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is strongly associated with tumor progression. The identification of natural tumor suppressors to overcome cancer metastasis is urgent for cancer therapy. We investigate whether myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia translocated (MLLT) family members contribute to breast cancer progression and found that high MLLT6 expression predicted a better prognosis and that gradually decreased MLLT6 expression was accompanied by breast cancer malignancy. MLLT6 was downregulated by hypoxia-induced enrichment of DNMT1 at the MLLT6 promoter. The results of in vitro functional experiments indicated that MLLT6 depletion promoted colony formation and cell migration, probably by hampering apoptosis. RNA profiling revealed that the apoptotic pathway was downregulated following stable knockdown of MLLT6. DNA damage-inducible transcript 3/4 (DDIT3/4) were among the top 10 downregulated genes and may have expression patterns similar to that of MLLT6. Restoring DDIT3/4 expression in cells with MLLT6 depletion blocked colony formation and cell migration and attenuated the successful colonization of breast cancer cells in vivo. We also determined that the transcription factor activating transcription factor 2 is a binding partner of MLLT6 and participates in the MLLT6/ATF2 axis, which was reinforced by inhibition of AKT signaling, in turn inducing DDIT3/4 expression by establishing an active chromatin structure at the DDIT3/4 gene promoters. As MLLT6 promotes breast cancer cell apoptosis by inducing DDIT3/4 expression during metastasis, it could be a novel tumor suppressor. Implications: Control of MLLT6 expression via inhibition of PI3K/AKT kinase activity is a potential therapeutic approach for the management of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Anli Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
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Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang X, Yuan Z, Zhang L, Miao P. ATF family members as therapeutic targets in cancer: From mechanisms to pharmacological interventions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107355. [PMID: 39179052 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The activating transcription factor (ATF)/ cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) family represents a large group of basic zone leucine zip (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) with a variety of physiological functions, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, amino acid stress, heat stress, oxidative stress, integrated stress response (ISR) and thus inducing cell survival or apoptosis. Interestingly, ATF family has been increasingly implicated in autophagy and ferroptosis in recent years. Thus, the ATF family is important for homeostasis and its dysregulation may promote disease progression including cancer. Current therapeutic approaches to modulate the ATF family include direct modulators, upstream modulators, post-translational modifications (PTMs) modulators. This review summarizes the structural domain and the PTMs feature of the ATF/CREB family and comprehensively explores the molecular regulatory mechanisms. On this basis, their pathways affecting proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance in various types of cancer cells are sorted out and discussed. We then systematically summarize the status of the therapeutic applications of existing ATF family modulators and finally look forward to the future prospect of clinical applications in the treatment of tumors by modulating the ATF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Department of Cardiology, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Department of Cardiology, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ziyue Yuan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Peng Miao
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Department of Cardiology, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Palomer X, Salvador JM, Griñán-Ferré C, Barroso E, Pallàs M, Vázquez-Carrera M. GADD45A: With or without you. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1375-1403. [PMID: 38264852 DOI: 10.1002/med.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage inducible (GADD)45 family includes three small and ubiquitously distributed proteins (GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G) that regulate numerous cellular processes associated with stress signaling and injury response. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature investigating GADD45A, the first discovered member of the family. We first depict how its levels are regulated by a myriad of genotoxic and non-genotoxic stressors, and through the combined action of intricate transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and even, posttranslational mechanisms. GADD45A is a recognized tumor suppressor and, for this reason, we next summarize its role in cancer, as well as the different mechanisms by which it regulates cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Beyond these most well-known actions, GADD45A may also influence catabolic and anabolic pathways in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, among others. Not surprisingly, GADD45A may trigger AMP-activated protein kinase activity, a master regulator of metabolism, and is known to act as a transcriptional coregulator of numerous nuclear receptors. GADD45A has also been reported to display a cytoprotective role by regulating inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in several organs and tissues, and is regarded an important contributor for the development of heart failure. Overall data point to that GADD45A may play an important role in metabolic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and also autoimmune-related disorders. Thus, the potential mechanisms by which dysregulation of GADD45A activity may contribute to the progression of these diseases are also reviewed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen Z, Zhang A, Xu X, Ding L, Zhang X, Qian C, Zhu B. Toll-interacting protein participates in immunity and development of the lepidopteran insect Antheraea pernyi. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:497-507. [PMID: 37278204 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) participates in multiple biological processes. However, the biological functions of Tollip proteins in insects remain to be further explored. Here, the genomic sequence of tollip gene from Antheraea pernyi (named Ap-Tollip) was identified with a length of 15,060 bp, including eight exons and seven introns. The predicted Ap-Tollip protein contained conserved C2 and CUE domains and was highly homologous to those tollips from invertebrates. Ap-Tollip was highly expressed in fat body compared with other determined tissues. As far as the developmental stages were concerned, the highest expression level was found at the 14th day in eggs or the 3rd day of the 1st instar. Ap-Tollip was also obviously regulated by lipopolysaccharide, polycytidylic acid or 20E in different tissues. In addition, the interaction between Ap-Tollip and ubiquitin was confirmed by western blotting and pull-down assay. RNAi of Ap-Tollip significantly affected the expression levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes. These results indicated that Ap-Tollip was involved in immunity and development of A. pernyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Awei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Cen Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Baojian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Xie J, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Luo M, Zeng X, Qin L, Tan D, He Y. Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Autophagy Networks in Rat Livers during the Development of NAFLD and Identifies Autophagy Hub Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076437. [PMID: 37047411 PMCID: PMC10094595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Autophagy is an important biological process in cells and is closely associated with the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the biological function of the autophagy hub genes, which could be used as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic markers for NAFLD. (2) Male C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed after 16 and 38 weeks of a high-fat diet, serum biochemical indexes were detected, and liver lobules were collected for pathological observation and transcriptome sequencing. The R software was used to identify differentially expressed autophagy genes (DEGs) from the transcriptome sequencing data of mice fed with a normal diet for 38 weeks (ND38) and a high-fat diet for 38 weeks (HFD38). Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed on the DEGs, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was established using the STRING data website, and the results were visualized through Cytoscape. (3) After 16 weeks and 38 weeks of a high-fat diet, there was a significant increase in body weight, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) in mice, along with lipid accumulation in the liver, which was more severe at 38 weeks than at 16 weeks. The transcriptome data showed significant changes in the expression profile of autophagy genes in the livers of NAFLD mice following a long-term high-fat diet. Among the 31 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes, 13 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were primarily involved in autophagy, cholesterol transport, triglyceride metabolism, apoptosis, the FoxO signaling pathway, the p53 signaling pathway and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Four hub genes were identified by the PPI network analysis, of which Irs2, Pnpla2 and Plin2 were significantly downregulated, while Srebf2 was significantly upregulated by the 38-week high-fat diet. (4) The hub genes Irs2, Pnpla2, Srebf2 and Plin2 may serve as key therapeutic targets and early diagnostic markers in the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- 2011 Cooperative Inovational Center for Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qiuyi Chen
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- 2011 Cooperative Inovational Center for Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yongxia Zhao
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- 2011 Cooperative Inovational Center for Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mingxia Luo
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- 2011 Cooperative Inovational Center for Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- 2011 Cooperative Inovational Center for Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- 2011 Cooperative Inovational Center for Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- 2011 Cooperative Inovational Center for Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Liu J, Song J, Li C. MYBPC1 is a key regulator for laryngeal carcinoma formation. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:1-8. [PMID: 36539363 PMCID: PMC9760473 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal carcinoma represents one of the most common types of tumor of the respiratory tract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functions of myosin-binding protein C1 (MYBPC1) in the progression of laryngeal carcinoma and to unravel the potential underlying molecular mechanism(s). Significantly differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs were analyzed, and potential genes were verified using clinically recruited patients with laryngeal carcinoma. The human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines TU686, TU212 and AMC-HN-8, as well as the control nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69, were selected for the functional analysis of MYBPC1. The interaction between MYBPC1 and miR-451a was also explored in depth. The functions of MYBPC1 in the laryngeal carcinoma cell lines were examined using colony formation assay, cell proliferation and invasion assays, and via measuring the extent of apoptosis. The intracellular function of MYBPC1 was subsequently confirmed by constructing an in vivo xenograft model through the subcutaneous injection of laryngeal carcinoma cells into 4-week-old male nude mice. Compared with normal tissue, MYBPC1 was found to be the most significantly downregulated gene, whereas activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) was the most significantly upregulated one. At the same time, miR-451a was found to be the most significantly downregulated miRNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. According to the WHO classification system, we found that the level of MYBPC1 was significantly decreased in grade IV tissues compared with grade II and grade III tissues, a finding that was consistent with the observed activity of miR-451a. MiR-451a was found to cause a marked enhancement of the activity of MYBPC1 in TU212 cells, which in turn was attenuated by ATF overexpression, suggesting that miR-451a could indirectly modulate the function of MYBPC1 through the ATF2-dependent signaling axis. MYBPC1 suppressed the invasion of cells induced by ATF2 in laryngeal carcinoma cells. Moreover, subcutaneous injection of MYBPC1 to construct an in vivo xenograft mouse model enabled rescue of the mice from laryngeal carcinoma formation. Taken together, the results of the present study have shown that MYBPC1 fulfills a pivotal role in laryngeal carcinoma formation, and these findings may provide both a new avenue for research planning and a potential therapeutic target for laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Jinlan Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
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Tang S, Ling Z, Jiang J, Gu X, Leng Y, Wei C, Cheng H, Li X. Integrating the tumor-suppressive activity of Maspin with p53 in retuning the epithelial homeostasis: A working hypothesis and applicable prospects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1037794. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1037794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial malignant transformation and tumorous development were believed to be closely associated with the loss of its microenvironment integrity and homeostasis. The tumor-suppressive molecules Maspin and p53 were demonstrated to play a crucial role in body epithelial and immune homeostasis. Downregulation of Maspin and mutation of p53 were frequently associated with malignant transformation and poor prognosis in various human cancers. In this review, we focused on summarizing the progress of the molecular network of Maspin in studying epithelial tumorous development and its response to clinic treatment and try to clarify the underlying antitumor mechanism. Notably, Maspin expression was reported to be transcriptionally activated by p53, and the transcriptional activity of p53 was demonstrated to be enhanced by its acetylation through inhibition of HDAC1. As an endogenous inhibitor of HDAC1, Maspin possibly potentiates the transcriptional activity of p53 by acetylating the p53 protein. Hereby, it could form a “self-propelling” antitumor mechanism. Thus, we summarized that, upon stimulation of cellular stress and by integrating with p53, the aroused Maspin played the epigenetic surveillant role to prevent the epithelial digressional process and retune the epithelial homeostasis, which is involved in activating host immune surveillance, regulating the inflammatory factors, and fine-tuning its associated cell signaling pathways. Consequentially, in a normal physiological condition, activation of the above “self-propelling” antitumor mechanism of Maspin and p53 could reduce cellular stress (e.g., chronic infection/inflammation, oxidative stress, transformation) effectively and achieve cancer prevention. Meanwhile, designing a strategy of mimicking Maspin’s epigenetic regulation activity with integrating p53 tumor-suppressive activity could enhance the chemotherapy efficacy theoretically in a pathological condition of cancer.
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Humayun A, Fornace AJ. GADD45 in Stress Signaling, Cell Cycle Control, and Apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:1-22. [PMID: 35505159 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 is a gene family consisting of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. Many of these roles are carried out via signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The GADD45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction, as well as suppression of p38 activity in certain cases. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell type specific differences in the roles for GADD45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, GADD45A has also been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, GADD45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors. More recently, aberrant GADD45 expression has been found in several human cancers, but the mechanisms behind these findings largely remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslon Humayun
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Tian J, Locker J. Gadd45 in the Liver: Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:87-99. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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The BRCA1/BARD1 ubiquitin ligase and its substrates. Biochem J 2021; 478:3467-3483. [PMID: 34591954 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its heterodimeric binding partner BARD1 confer a high risk for the development of breast and ovarian cancers. The sole enzymatic function of the BRCA1/BARD1 complex is as a RING-type E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase, leading to the deposition of Ub signals onto a variety of substrate proteins. Distinct types of Ub signals deposited by BRCA1/BARD1 (i.e. degradative vs. non-degradative; mono-Ub vs. poly-Ub chains) on substrate proteins mediate aspects of its function in DNA double-stranded break repair, cell-cycle regulation, and transcriptional regulation. While cancer-predisposing mutations in both subunits lead to the inactivation of BRCA1/BARD1 ligase activity, controversy remains as to whether its Ub ligase activity directly inhibits tumorigenesis. Investigation of BRCA1/BARD1 substrates using rigorous, well-validated mutants and experimental systems will ultimately clarify the role of its ligase activity in cancer and possibly establish prognostic and diagnostic metrics for patients with mutations. In this review, we discuss the Ub ligase function of BRCA1/BARD1, highlighting experimental approaches, mechanistic considerations, and reagents that are useful in the study of substrate ubiquitylation. We also discuss the current understanding of two well-established BRCA1/BARD1 substrates (nucleosomal H2A and estrogen receptor α) and several recently discovered substrates (p50, NF2, Oct1, and LARP7). Lessons from the current body of work should provide a road map to researchers examining novel substrates and biological functions attributed to BRCA1/BARD1 Ub ligase activity.
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Qin YS, Li H, Wang SZ, Wang ZB, Tang CK. Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4: A promising target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:86-97. [PMID: 34289095 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4), an important member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins and thus modulates microtubule dynamics. In human atherosclerotic lesions, the expression of MARK4 is significantly increased. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that MARK4 exerts a proatherogenic effect via regulation of lipid metabolism (cholesterol, fatty acid, and triglyceride), inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, insulin signaling, and glucose homeostasis, white adipocyte browning, and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the latest findings regarding the role of MARK4 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to provide a rationale for future investigation and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Medical Instrument and equipment technology laboratory of Hengyang medical college, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Medical Instrument and equipment technology laboratory of Hengyang medical college, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Medical Instrument and equipment technology laboratory of Hengyang medical college, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Redl E, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Cardona CDJ, Hamminger P, Timelthaler G, Hassler MR, Zrimšek M, Lagger S, Dillinger T, Hofbauer L, Draganić K, Tiefenbacher A, Kothmayer M, Dietz CH, Ramsahoye BH, Kenner L, Bock C, Seiser C, Ellmeier W, Schweikert G, Egger G. Requirement of DNMT1 to orchestrate epigenomic reprogramming for NPM-ALK-driven lymphomagenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000794. [PMID: 33310759 PMCID: PMC7768196 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation depends on genetic and epigenetic events that result in a burst of deregulated gene expression and chromatin changes. To dissect the sequence of events in this process, we used a T-cell-specific lymphoma model based on the human oncogenic nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) translocation. We find that transformation of T cells shifts thymic cell populations to an undifferentiated immunophenotype, which occurs only after a period of latency, accompanied by induction of the MYC-NOTCH1 axis and deregulation of key epigenetic enzymes. We discover aberrant DNA methylation patterns, overlapping with regulatory regions, plus a high degree of epigenetic heterogeneity between individual tumors. In addition, ALK-positive tumors show a loss of associated methylation patterns of neighboring CpG sites. Notably, deletion of the maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 completely abrogates lymphomagenesis in this model, despite oncogenic signaling through NPM-ALK, suggesting that faithful maintenance of tumor-specific methylation through DNMT1 is essential for sustained proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Redl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Patricia Hamminger
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Rosalia Hassler
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maša Zrimšek
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Lagger
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Dillinger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics (LBI AD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorena Hofbauer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Draganić
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Tiefenbacher
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics (LBI AD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kothmayer
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles H Dietz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernard H Ramsahoye
- Centre for Genetic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), CoreLab 2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Seiser
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schweikert
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics (LBI AD), Vienna, Austria
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13
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Li S, He Y, Li C, Liu X, Shen Y, Wu Y, Bai N, Li Q. The association between the methylation frequency of BRCA1/2 gene promoter and occurrence and prognosis of breast carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19345. [PMID: 32150073 PMCID: PMC7478499 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) is a promising tumor marker in many types of cancer. However, the methylation frequency of BRCA1/2 gene with occurrence risk and survival benefit of patients with breast carcinoma remains controversy. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation and the occurrence and prognosis in breast carcinoma based on a meta-analysis, meanwhile, this article explored the differential expression levels of BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and CNKI) were searched up to June 2019. The number of BRCA1/2 promoter methylation-positive and -negative patients in breast carcinoma patients were measured, and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation and the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients. Primary end points were presence of breast cancer, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS). Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 12.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fifty-eight articles including 19,084 individuals met full eligibility criteria. We observed that the frequency of BRCA1 gene promoter methylation was higher in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, and the prognostic analysis suggested that BRCA1 gene promoter methylation was significantly associated with poor overall survival and poor disease-free survival. This study also verified that there was no statistically significant difference in the methylation frequency of BRCA1 gene promoter between peripheral blood and tumor tissues in breast cancer patients, which suggests that the detection of BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood may be a non-invasive and rapid way to monitor the occurrence breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Yong He
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Chunli Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Xing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Yang Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Ningjing Bai
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
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Li C, Ming Y, Wang Z, Xu Q, Yao L, Xu D, Tang Y, Lei X, Li X, Mao Y. GADD45α alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by promoting AMPK activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:129-145. [PMID: 30151693 PMCID: PMC11105285 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As an analgesic and antipyretic drug, acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly used and known to be safe at therapeutic doses. In many countries, the overuse of APAP provokes acute liver injury and even liver failure. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is the most used experimental model of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Here, we have demonstrated elevated levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α (GADD45α) in the livers of patients with DILI/AILI, in APAP-injured mouse livers and in APAP-treated hepatocytes. GADD45α exhibited a protective effect against APAP-induced liver injury and alleviated the accumulation of small lipid droplets in vitro and in vivo. We found that GADD45α promoted the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α and induced fatty acid beta-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and glycogenolysis-related gene expression after APAP exposure. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that GADD45α increased the levels of TCA cycle metabolites. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Ppp2cb, a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, could interact directly with GADD45α. Our results indicate that hepatocyte GADD45α might represent a therapeutic target to prevent and rescue liver injury caused by APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingling Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lvfeng Yao
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongke Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingyue Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yimin Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Inoue S, Mizushima T, Ide H, Jiang G, Goto T, Nagata Y, Netto GJ, Miyamoto H. ATF2 promotes urothelial cancer outgrowth via cooperation with androgen receptor signaling. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1397-1408. [PMID: 30521479 PMCID: PMC6280600 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the functional role of ATF2, a transcription factor normally activated via its phosphorylation in response to phospho-ERK/MAPK signals, in the outgrowth of urothelial cancer. In both neoplastic and non-neoplastic urothelial cells, the expression levels of androgen receptor (AR) correlated with those of phospho-ATF2. Dihydrotestosterone treatment in AR-positive bladder cancer cells also induced the expression of phospho-ATF2 and phospho-ERK as well as nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of ATF2. Meanwhile, ATF2 knockdown via shRNA resulted in significant decreases in cell viability, migration and invasion of AR-positive bladder cancer lines, but not AR-negative lines, as well as significant increases and decreases in apoptosis or G0/G1 cell cycle phase and S or G2/M phase, respectively. Additionally, the growth of AR-positive tumors expressing ATF2-shRNA in xenograft-bearing mice was retarded, compared with that of control tumors. ATF2 knockdown also resulted in significant inhibition of neoplastic transformation induced by a chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene, as well as the expression of Bcl-2/cyclin-A2/cyclin-D1/JUN/MMP-2, in immortalized human normal urothelial SVHUC cells stably expressing AR, but not AR-negative SVHUC cells. Finally, immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens demonstrated significant elevation of ATF2/phospho-ATF2/phospho-ERK expression in bladder tumors, compared with non-neoplastic urothelial tissues. Multivariate analysis further showed that moderate/strong ATF2 expression and phospho-ATF2 positivity were independent predictors for recurrence of low-grade tumors (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.956, P = 0.045) and cancer-specific mortality of muscle-invasive tumors (HR = 5.317, P = 0.012), respectively. Thus, ATF2 appears to be activated in urothelial cells through the AR pathway and promotes the development and progression of urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Takuro Goto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yujiro Nagata
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Miyamoto:
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16
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Vázquez-Arreguín K, Maddox J, Kang J, Park D, Cano RR, Factor RE, Ludwig T, Tantin D. BRCA1 through Its E3 Ligase Activity Regulates the Transcription Factor Oct1 and Carbohydrate Metabolism. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:439-452. [PMID: 29330289 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor BRCA1 regulates the DNA damage response (DDR) and other processes that remain incompletely defined. Among these, BRCA1 heterodimerizes with BARD1 to ubiquitylate targets via its N-terminal E3 ligase activity. Here, it is demonstrated that BRCA1 promotes oxidative metabolism by degrading Oct1 (POU2F1), a transcription factor with proglycolytic and tumorigenic effects. BRCA1 E3 ubiquitin ligase mutation skews cells toward a glycolytic metabolic profile while elevating Oct1 protein. CRISPR-mediated Oct1 deletion reverts the glycolytic phenotype. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) confirms deregulation of metabolic genes downstream of Oct1. BRCA1 mediates Oct1 ubiquitylation and degradation, and mutation of two ubiquitylated Oct1 lysines insulates the protein against BRCA1-mediated destabilization. Oct1 deletion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells does not perturb growth in standard culture, but inhibits growth in soft agar and xenograft assays. In primary breast cancer clinical specimens, Oct1 protein levels correlate positively with tumor aggressiveness and inversely with BRCA1. These results identify BRCA1 as an Oct1 ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes Oct1 degradation to promote oxidative metabolism and restrict tumorigenicity. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 439-52. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vázquez-Arreguín
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jessica Maddox
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jinsuk Kang
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dongju Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Reuben R Cano
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rachel E Factor
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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17
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Zhang J, Guo F, Wei J, Xian M, Tang S, Zhao Y, Liu M, Song L, Geng Y, Yang H, Ding C, Huang L. An integrated approach to identify critical transcription factors in the protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress by Danhong injection. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:480-493. [PMID: 28822748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in many pathological processes of the cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, especially on a transcription factor (TF) level. In this study, a new method, concatenated tandem array of consensus transcription factor response elements (catTFREs), and an Illumina-based RNA-seq technology were integrated to systematically investigate the role of TFs in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes; the damage was then rescued by Danhong injection (DHI), a Chinese standardized product approved for cardiovascular diseases treatment. The overall gene expression revealed cell apoptosis and DNA repair were vital for cardiomyocytes in resisting oxidative stress. By comprehensively integrating the transcription activity of TFs and their downstream target genes, an important TFs-target network were constructed and 13 TFs were identified as critical TFs in DHI-mediated protection in H2O2-induced oxidative stress. By using the integrated approach, seven TFs of these 13 TFs were also identified in melatonin-mediated protection in H2O2-induced damage. Furthermore, the transcription activity of DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (Apex1), Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D (Mef2d) and Pre B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (Pbx3) was further verified in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. This research offers a new understanding of cardiomyocytes in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and reveals additional potential therapeutic targets. The combination of two parallel omics datasets (corresponding to the transcriptome and proteome) can reduce the noise in high-throughput data and reveal the fundamental changes of the biological process, making it suitable and reliable for investigation of critical targets in many other complicated pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Minghua Xian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shihuan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ya Geng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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18
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Tanaka N, Takahashi S, Hu X, Lu Y, Fujimori N, Golla S, Fang ZZ, Aoyama T, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ. Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α protects against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3170-3182. [PMID: 28844958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 α (Gadd45α) is a stress-inducible protein that plays an important role in cell survival/death and DNA repair, but its contribution to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been investigated. C57BL/6 Gadd45a-null and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with a methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCD) for eight weeks and phenotypic changes examined. Gadd45a-null mice had more severe hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, higher levels of mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and pro-apoptotic proteins, and greater oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress compared with WT mice. Indeed, Gadd45a mRNA was induced in response to ER stress in primary hepatocytes. Lipidomic analysis of NASH livers demonstrated decreased triacylglycerol (TG) in MCD-treated Gadd45a-null mice, which was associated with increased mRNAs encoding phospholipase D (Pld1/2), phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2A, and choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (Cept1), involved in the phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidic acid-diacylglycerol cycle, and decreased mRNAs encoding fatty acid (FA)-binding protein 1 (Fabp1) and FA transport protein 5. Treatment of cultured primary hepatocytes with tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, and hydrogen peroxide led to the corresponding induction of Fabp1, Pld1/2, and Cept1 mRNAs. Collectively, Gadd45α plays protective roles against MCD-induced NASH likely due to attenuating cellular stress and ensuing inflammatory signaling. These results also suggest an interconnection between hepatocyte injury, inflammation and disrupted glycerophospholipid/FA metabolism that yields a possible mechanism for decreased TG accumulation with NASH progression (i.e., "burned-out" NASH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Research Center for Agricultural Food Industry, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fujimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Srujana Golla
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Toshifumi Aoyama
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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19
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Watson G, Ronai ZA, Lau E. ATF2, a paradigm of the multifaceted regulation of transcription factors in biology and disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:347-357. [PMID: 28212892 PMCID: PMC5457671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stringent transcriptional regulation is crucial for normal cellular biology and organismal development. Perturbations in the proper regulation of transcription factors can result in numerous pathologies, including cancer. Thus, understanding how transcription factors are regulated and how they are dysregulated in disease states is key to the therapeutic targeting of these factors and/or the pathways that they regulate. Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) has been studied in a number of developmental and pathological conditions. Recent findings have shed light on the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulatory mechanisms that influence ATF2 function, and thus, the transcriptional programs coordinated by ATF2. Given our current knowledge of its multiple levels of regulation and function, ATF2 represents a paradigm for the mechanistic complexity that can regulate transcription factor function. Thus, increasing our understanding of the regulation and function of ATF2 will provide insights into fundamental regulatory mechanisms that influence how cells integrate extracellular and intracellular signals into a genomic response through transcription factors. Characterization of ATF2 dysfunction in the context of pathological conditions, particularly in cancer biology and response to therapy, will be important in understanding how pathways controlled by ATF2 or other transcription factors might be therapeutically exploited. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently known upstream regulators and downstream targets of ATF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Watson
- Department of Tumor Biology and Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Eric Lau
- Department of Tumor Biology and Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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20
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Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Kim HL, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Lee TR, Shin DW, Seo YR. A Protective Mechanism of Visible Red Light in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Enhancement of GADD45A-Mediated DNA Repair Activity. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:466-474. [PMID: 27729279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The phototherapeutic effects of visible red light on skin have been extensively investigated, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the protective mechanism of visible red light in terms of DNA repair of UV-induced oxidative damage in normal human dermal fibroblasts. The protective effect of visible red light on UV-induced DNA damage was identified by several assays in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems. With regard to the protective mechanism of visible red light, our data showed alterations in base excision repair mediated by growth arrest and DNA damage inducible, alpha (GADD45A). We also observed an enhancement of the physical activity of GADD45A and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) by visible red light. Moreover, UV-induced DNA damages were diminished by visible red light in an APE1-dependent manner. On the basis of the decrease in GADD45A-APE1 interaction in the activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2)-knockdown system, we suggest a role for ATF2 modulation in GADD45A-mediated DNA repair upon visible red light exposure. Thus, the enhancement of GADD45A-mediated base excision repair modulated by ATF2 might be a potential protective mechanism of visible red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Ahmad DAJ, Negm OH, Alabdullah ML, Mirza S, Hamed MR, Band V, Green AR, Ellis IO, Rakha EA. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 159:457-67. [PMID: 27592113 PMCID: PMC5021722 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are signalling transduction molecules that have different functions and diverse behaviour in cancer. In breast cancer, MAPK is related to oestrogen receptor (ER) and HER2. METHODS Protein expression of a large panel of MAPKs (JNK1/2, ERK, p38, C-JUN and ATF2 including phosphorylated forms) were assessed immunohistochemically in a large (n = 1400) and well-characterised breast cancer series prepared as tissue microarray. Moreover, reverse phase protein array was applied to quantify protein expression of MAPKs in six breast cancer cell lines with different phenotypes including HER2-transfected cells. RESULTS MAPKs expression was associated with clinicopathological variables characteristic of good prognosis. These associations were most significant in the whole series and in the ER+ subgroup compared to other BC classes. Most of MAPKs showed a positive association with ER, BCL2 and better outcome and were negatively associated with the proliferation marker Ki67 and p53. Association of MAPK with HER2 was mainly seen in the ER- subgroup. Reverse phase protein array confirmed immunohistochemistry results and revealed differential expression of MAPK proteins in ER+ and ER- cell lines. CONCLUSIONS MAPKs are associated with good prognosis and their expression is mainly related to ER. Studying a large panel rather than individual biomarkers may provide improved understanding of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena A J Ahmad
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, Mosul Medical School, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Ola H Negm
- School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - M Layth Alabdullah
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska, Omaha, USA
| | - Mohamed R Hamed
- School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska, Omaha, USA
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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22
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Wu DS, Chen C, Wu ZJ, Liu B, Gao L, Yang Q, Chen W, Chen JM, Bao Y, Qu L, Wang LH. ATF2 predicts poor prognosis and promotes malignant phenotypes in renal cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:108. [PMID: 27377902 PMCID: PMC4932740 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, which has been shown to participate in the pathobiology of numerous cancers. However, the role of ATF2 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Methods ATF2 knockdown and overexpression studies were performed in RCC cells to evaluate changes in cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Xenograft models were used to examine the tumorigenic and metastatic capability of RCC cells upon ATF2 suppression. The expression of ATF2 in human RCC samples was determined using immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray. Results ATF2 knockdown in RCC cells reduced their proliferative and metastatic potentials, whereas ATF2 overexpression enhanced these properties. Mechanistic studies revealed that the transcription of CyclinB1, CyclinD1, Snail and Vimentin was directly regulated by ATF2 in RCC cells. Moreover, ATF2 was shown to be highly expressed in RCC tissues, especially in tumors with metastases. High expression of ATF2 correlated with aggressive clinico-pathological characteristics and predicted poor prognosis of RCC patients. Conclusions ATF2 exerts an oncogenic role in RCC and could serve as an important prognostic biomarker. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0383-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Shuang Wu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Wu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Department of Urology, No. 203 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Qiqihaer, 161000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun-Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China. .,Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Clinical School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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23
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A Transcriptionally Inactive ATF2 Variant Drives Melanomagenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1884-92. [PMID: 27210757 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal cutaneous malignancies, characterized by chemoresistance and a striking propensity to metastasize. The transcription factor ATF2 elicits oncogenic activities in melanoma, and its inhibition attenuates melanoma development. Here, we show that expression of a transcriptionally inactive form of Atf2 (Atf2(Δ8,9)) promotes development of melanoma in mouse models. Atf2(Δ8,9)-driven tumors show enhanced pigmentation, immune infiltration, and metastatic propensity. Similar to mouse Atf2(Δ8,9), we have identified a transcriptionally inactive human ATF2 splice variant 5 (ATF2(SV5)) that enhances the growth and migration capacity of cultured melanoma cells and immortalized melanocytes. ATF2(SV5) expression is elevated in human melanoma specimens and is associated with poor prognosis. These findings point to an oncogenic function for ATF2 in melanoma development that appears to be independent of its transcriptional activity.
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24
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Zhang W, Zhang ZZ, Tang LY, Lin Y, Su FX, Xie XM, Su XF, Ren ZF. Genetic variants in EBV reactivation-related genes and the risk and survival of breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8337-47. [PMID: 26729199 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) have been suggested to involve in the reactivation of EBV which has implications in the development and progression of breast cancer. Therefore, the polymorphisms of TSG101 and ATF2 may associate with breast cancer risk and prognosis. A case-control study with 1551 breast cancer cases and 1605 age-matched controls were conducted in Guangzhou, China. We have also successfully followed up 1168 cases until December 31, 2014. The variant allele of TSG101 rs2292179 was associated with a non-significant reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly among women with BMI < 24 (kg/m(2)) (P for interaction <0.05). For ATF2 rs3845744, the variant allele was also associated with a significantly reduced breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) (95 % confidence interval (CI)) 0.86 (0.74∼1.00)], and the association occurred among only postmenopausal women [OR (95 % CI) 0.69 (0.54∼0.88)] (P for interaction <0.05). Breast cancer risk was further reduced with the increasing numbers of the variant G alleles of the two polymorphisms (P for trend <0.05). We did not find an overall association of the two loci with breast cancer prognosis, while the hazard ratios of the two loci (AG/GG vs. AA) were significantly higher among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women (P = 0.046, 0.016 for TSG101 rs2292179 and ATF2 rs3845744, respectively). In summary, the variant alleles of TSG101 rs2292179 and ATF2 rs3845744 were associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly for subjects with BMI <24 (kg/m(2)) and postmenopausal women, respectively. The two SNPs and menopausal status may have a significant interaction on breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Aviation Hygiene Management Division, China Southern Airlines Company Limited, 9/F, Kangda Building, 278 Airport Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Feng-Xi Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- The Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Fen Su
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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25
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Broekgaarden M, Weijer R, van Gulik TM, Hamblin MR, Heger M. Tumor cell survival pathways activated by photodynamic therapy: a molecular basis for pharmacological inhibition strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:643-90. [PMID: 26516076 PMCID: PMC4661210 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. PDT comprises the administration of a photosensitizer, its accumulation in tumor tissue, and subsequent irradiation of the photosensitizer-loaded tumor, leading to the localized photoproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative damage ultimately culminates in tumor cell death, vascular shutdown, induction of an antitumor immune response, and the consequent destruction of the tumor. However, the ROS produced by PDT also triggers a stress response that, as part of a cell survival mechanism, helps cancer cells to cope with the PDT-induced oxidative stress and cell damage. These survival pathways are mediated by the transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and those that mediate the proteotoxic stress response. The survival pathways are believed to render some types of cancer recalcitrant to PDT and alter the tumor microenvironment in favor of tumor survival. In this review, the molecular mechanisms are elucidated that occur post-PDT to mediate cancer cell survival, on the basis of which pharmacological interventions are proposed. Specifically, pharmaceutical inhibitors of the molecular regulators of each survival pathway are addressed. The ultimate aim is to facilitate the development of adjuvant intervention strategies to improve PDT efficacy in recalcitrant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mans Broekgaarden
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Weijer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Ishiguro H, Kimura M, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Mizoguchi K, Takeyama H. GADD45A expression is correlated with patient prognosis in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:277-282. [PMID: 26870203 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains poor, and the tumor-node-metastasis classification system is not sufficient for predicting patient prognoses. Therefore, the identification of novel predictive markers for esophageal cancer is required. The present study investigated the clinicopathological significance of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α (GADD45A) and p53 in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The study consisted of 62 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgery between 2001 and 2007. The expression of the GADD45A gene product (GADD45A) and the p53 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The correlations among GADD45A expression, clinicopathological factors and prognosis were then analyzed in the patients with ESCC. GADD45A and p53 were expressed in 56.5% (35/62) and 48.4% (30/62) of patients, respectively. The expression of GADD45A did not show a marked correlation with that of p53. However, GADD45A expression correlated with pathological stage (stage 0-I vs. stages II-IV; P=0.014) and did not correlate with the tumor (T) or node (N) status. Furthermore, patients who were positive for GADD45A exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than those who were negative for GADD45A (log-rank test, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis indicated that T status, N status and GADD45A expression were significant variables predicting survival (hazard ratio, 2.486; 95% confidence interval, 1.168-5.290; P=0.018). Overall, GADD45A expression significantly affected the survival of patients with ESCC, and the reduced expression of GADD45A was correlated with a poor prognosis following curative surgery in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ishiguro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Mizoguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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27
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Trousil S, Zheng B. Addicted to AA (Acetoacetate): A Point of Convergence between Metabolism and BRAF Signaling. Mol Cell 2015; 59:333-4. [PMID: 26253025 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this issue Kang et al. (2015) show that oncogenic BRAF(V600E) stimulates expression of ketogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and promotes the formation of the ketone body acetoacetate, which subsequently enhances BRAF(V600E)/MEK/ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Trousil
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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28
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Jayavelu ND, Aasgaard LS, Bar N. Iterative sub-network component analysis enables reconstruction of large scale genetic networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:366. [PMID: 26537518 PMCID: PMC4634733 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Network component analysis (NCA) became a popular tool to understand complex regulatory networks. The method uses high-throughput gene expression data and a priori topology to reconstruct transcription factor activity profiles. Current NCA algorithms are constrained by several conditions posed on the network topology, to guarantee unique reconstruction (termed compliancy). However, the restrictions these conditions pose are not necessarily true from biological perspective and they force network size reduction, pruning potentially important components. Results To address this, we developed a novel, Iterative Sub-Network Component Analysis (ISNCA) for reconstructing networks at any size. By dividing the initial network into smaller, compliant subnetworks, the algorithm first predicts the reconstruction of each subntework using standard NCA algorithms. It then subtracts from the reconstruction the contribution of the shared components from the other subnetwork. We tested the ISNCA on real, large datasets using various NCA algorithms. The size of the networks we tested and the accuracy of the reconstruction increased significantly. Importantly, FOXA1, ATF2, ATF3 and many other known key regulators in breast cancer could not be incorporated by any NCA algorithm because of the necessary conditions. However, their temporal activities could be reconstructed by our algorithm, and therefore their involvement in breast cancer could be analyzed. Conclusions Our framework enables reconstruction of large gene expression data networks, without reducing their size or pruning potentially important components, and at the same time rendering the results more biological plausible. Our ISNCA method is not only suitable for prediction of key regulators in cancer studies, but it can be applied to any high-throughput gene expression data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0768-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Doni Jayavelu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Salandsvei 4, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lasse S Aasgaard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Salandsvei 4, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Nadav Bar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Salandsvei 4, Trondheim, Norway.
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29
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Dong Y, Kimura Y, Ito T, Velayo C, Sato T, Sugibayashi R, Funamoto K, Hitomi K, Iida K, Endo M, Sato N, Yaegashi N. Vaginal LPS changed gene transcriptional regulation response to ischemic reperfusion and increased vulnerability of fetal brain hemorrhage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:228-33. [PMID: 26523514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, both ischemic reperfusion and bacterial agent LPS are known risk factors for fetal brain damage. However, there is a lack of evidence to explain whether vaginal LPS affects the fetus response to ischemic reperfusion. Here we reported that there was more than 2 folds higher vulnerability of fetal brain hemorrhage response to ischemic reperfusion when mother mouse was treated with vaginal LPS. As our previously reported, ischemic reperfusion induces P53-dependent fetal brain damage was based on a molecular mechanism: the transcriptional pattern was changed from HIF-1alpha-dependent to P53-dependent immediately. In the present work, only with vaginal LPS precondition, phosphorylation of activated transcriptional factor (ATF) 2 at Thr71 appeared in response to ischemic reperfusion. Moreover, this phosphorylation was completely blocked by pre-treatment with a P53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α. We concluded that vaginal LPS precondition trigged the p53-dependent phosphorylation of ATF2 in response to ischemic reperfusion, which played an important role of increasing vulnerability to hemorrhage in fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Dong
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Clarissa Velayo
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sato
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rika Sugibayashi
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Funamoto
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kudo Hitomi
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keita Iida
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Endo
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sato
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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30
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McCarroll JA, Gan PP, Erlich RB, Liu M, Dwarte T, Sagnella SS, Akerfeldt MC, Yang L, Parker AL, Chang MH, Shum MS, Byrne FL, Kavallaris M. TUBB3/βIII-tubulin acts through the PTEN/AKT signaling axis to promote tumorigenesis and anoikis resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 75:415-25. [PMID: 25414139 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
βIII-tubulin (encoded by TUBB3) expression is associated with therapeutic resistance and aggressive disease in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the basis for its pathogenic influence is not understood. Functional and differential proteomics revealed that βIII-tubulin regulates expression of proteins associated with malignant growth and metastases. In particular, the adhesion-associated tumor suppressor maspin was differentially regulated by βIII-tubulin. Functionally, βIII-tubulin suppression altered cell morphology, reduced tumor spheroid outgrowth, and increased sensitivity to anoikis. Mechanistically, the PTEN/AKT signaling axis was defined as a critical pathway regulated by βIII-tubulin in NSCLC cells. βIII-Tubulin blockage in vivo reduced tumor incidence and growth. Overall, our findings revealed how βIII-tubulin influences tumor growth in NSCLC, defining new biologic functions and mechanism of action of βIII-tubulin in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pei Pei Gan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafael B Erlich
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tanya Dwarte
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon S Sagnella
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mia C Akerfeldt
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lu Yang
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amelia L Parker
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa H Chang
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael S Shum
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia.
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Gozdecka M, Lyons S, Kondo S, Taylor J, Li Y, Walczynski J, Thiel G, Breitwieser W, Jones N. JNK suppresses tumor formation via a gene-expression program mediated by ATF2. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1361-74. [PMID: 25456131 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
JNK and p38 phosphorylate a diverse set of substrates and, consequently, can act in a context-dependent manner to either promote or inhibit tumor growth. Elucidating the functions of specific substrates of JNK and p38 is therefore critical for our understanding of these kinases in cancer. ATF2 is a phosphorylation-dependent transcription factor and substrate of both JNK and p38. Here, we show ATF2 suppresses tumor formation in an orthotopic model of liver cancer and cellular transformation in vitro. Furthermore, we find that suppression of tumorigenesis by JNK requires ATF2. We identify a transcriptional program activated by JNK via ATF2 and provide examples of JNK- and ATF2-dependent genes that block cellular transformation. Significantly, we also show that ATF2-dependent gene expression is frequently downregulated in human cancers, indicating that amelioration of JNK-ATF2-mediated suppression may be a common event during tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Gozdecka
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stephen Lyons
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Saki Kondo
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Janet Taylor
- Central Manchester NHS Trust and University of Manchester, the Nowgen Centre, 29 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9WU, UK; Applied Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Yaoyong Li
- Applied Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Jacek Walczynski
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Breitwieser
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Nic Jones
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
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Feng M, Tian L, Gan L, Liu Z, Sun C. Mark4 promotes adipogenesis and triggers apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating JNK1 and inhibiting p38MAPK pathways. Biol Cell 2014; 106:294-307. [PMID: 24989893 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) deficiency has been reported to negatively regulate diet-induced obesity and to mitigate insulin resistance in knockout mice, and thus may play a role in metabolic syndrome. However, the details of the molecular mechanism have yet to be revealed and the impacts of MARK4 on apoptosis remain unexplored. This study investigated the role of Mark4 in the regulation of lipid accumulation and apoptosis in adipocytes and analysed signalling pathways involved. RESULTS We found that Mark4 significantly up-regulated the expression of gene sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACCα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ); and reduced the protein contents of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), as evidenced by the dramatic increasing lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay showed that Mark4 triggered apoptosis of adipocytes; and apoptosis was confirmed by the decreased protein contents of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), full-length caspase-3 and full-length caspase-9, as well as the increased expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. Analysis of special inhibitors allowed us to offer the following explanation for these impacts of Mark4: activation of Jun N-terminal kinase1 (JNK1) promoted both apoptosis and adipogenesis, whereas inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway contributed to lipid accumulation alone. CONCLUSIONS Mark4 promotes adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the JNK1 and inhibiting the p38MAPK pathway, and triggers apoptosis by activating the JNK1 pathway. We conclude that anti-Mark4 therapy targetted to inhibit lipid accumulation and apoptosis of adipocytes shows potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Oleson BJ, Broniowska KA, Schreiber KH, Tarakanova VL, Corbett JA. Nitric oxide induces ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein-dependent γH2AX protein formation in pancreatic β cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11454-11464. [PMID: 24610783 PMCID: PMC4036281 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.531228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of cytokines on the activation of the DNA double strand break repair factors histone H2AX (H2AX) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) were examined in pancreatic β cells. We show that cytokines stimulate H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX formation) in rat islets and insulinoma cells in a nitric oxide- and ATM-dependent manner. In contrast to the well documented role of ATM in DNA repair, ATM does not appear to participate in the repair of nitric oxide-induced DNA damage. Instead, nitric oxide-induced γH2AX formation correlates temporally with the onset of irreversible DNA damage and the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of ATM attenuates cytokine-induced caspase activation. These findings show that the formation of DNA double strand breaks correlates with ATM activation, irreversible DNA damage, and ATM-dependent induction of apoptosis in cytokine-treated β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryndon J Oleson
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | | | - Katherine H Schreiber
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Vera L Tarakanova
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.
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Salvador JM, Brown-Clay JD, Fornace AJ. Gadd45 in stress signaling, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 793:1-19. [PMID: 24104470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8289-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The first identified Gadd45 gene, Gadd45a, encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. This protein and the other two members of this small gene family, Gadd45b and Gadd45g, have been implicated in a variety of the responses to cell injury including cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and DNA repair. In vivo, many of the prominent roles for the Gadd45 proteins are associated with signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Gadd45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell-type-specific differences in the roles for Gadd45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, Gadd45a has been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, Gadd45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, (CNB-CSIC) Lab 417, c/Darwin n 3, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Jun Y, Xiao T, Guoyong Y, Min F, Haili Y, Chao S. Recombinant globular adiponectin inhibits lipid deposition by p38 MAPK/ATF-2 and TOR/p70 S6 kinase pathways in chicken adipocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:53-60. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin plays a fundamental role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. However, its role in adipocyte differentiation remains controversial. To investigate the effect of gAd on lipid deposition in chicken adipocytes and its related signaling pathways, 200 μg/mL recombinant globular adiponectin, isoproterenol, SB253580, leucine, and rapamycin were used to treat chicken adipocytes. Results demonstrated that gAd increased the expression of endogenous adiponectin and AdipoR1 (P < 0.01); gAd inhibited triglyceride (TG) accumulation in chicken adipocyte and increased the release of free fatty acids (FFA) in medium; gAd decreased the expression of adipogenic marker genes CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), while activating the expression of lipolytic marker gene adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, gAd activated the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2), and suppressed the phosphorylation levels of rapamycin (TOR) and p70 S6 Kinase (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that gAd has an ability to inhibit lipids deposition in chicken adipocyte, which depends on the p38 MAPK/ATF–2 and TOR/p70 S6 Kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jun
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tan Xiao
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yan Guoyong
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Feng Min
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Haili
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sun Chao
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Helping Eve overcome ADAM: G-quadruplexes in the ADAM-15 promoter as new molecular targets for breast cancer therapeutics. Molecules 2013; 18:15019-34. [PMID: 24317528 PMCID: PMC6270510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM-15, with known zymogen, secretase, and disintegrin activities, is a catalytically active member of the ADAM family normally expressed in early embryonic development and aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including breast, prostate and lung. ADAM-15 promotes extracellular shedding of E-cadherin, a soluble ligand for the HER2/neu receptor, leading to activation, increased motility, and proliferation. Targeted downregulation of both ADAM-15 and HER2/neu function synergistically kills breast cancer cells, but to date there are no therapeutic options for decreasing ADAM-15 function or expression. In this vein, we have examined a unique string of guanine-rich DNA within the critical core promoter of ADAM-15. This region of DNA consists of seven contiguous runs of three or more consecutive guanines, which, under superhelical stress, can relax from duplex DNA to form an intrastrand secondary G-quadruplex (G4) structure. Using biophysical and biological techniques, we have examined the G4 formation within the entire and various truncated regions of the ADAM-15 promoter, and demonstrate strong intrastrand G4 formation serving to function as a biological silencer element. Characterization of the predominant G4 species formed within the ADAM-15 promoter will allow for specific drug targeting and stabilization, and the further development of novel, targeted therapeutics.
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Yan J, Gan L, Qi R, Sun C. Adiponectin decreases lipids deposition by p38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathway in muscle of broilers. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:7017-25. [PMID: 24178343 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine hormone that influences glucose utilization, insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. To investigate the effect of adiponectin on lipids deposition in broilers, rosiglitazone and dexamethasone were used to treat broilers. A total of 120 twenty-three-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups for 3 weeks of drug treatment. Serum adiponectin level and fatty acid composition in muscles were measured. Adiponectin, adiponectin receptors (adipoR1, adipoR2) and lipid metabolism-related genes expression levels in muscles were measured using real-time PCR. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related proteins and the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)/activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) pathway marker proteins. Rosiglitazone increased serum adiponectin concentration and the expression levels of adiponectin and adipoR1 (P < 0.05), while dexamethasone had the opposite effect. Intramuscular fat content, total fatty acid, saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid reduced in the rosiglitazone treatment group (P < 0.05). In the rosiglitazone treatment group, the expression levels of lipogenic genes and proteins decreased in the muscles, whereas the expression levels of lipolysis genes increased. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of p38MAPK and ATF2 increased with supplementation of rosiglitazone and decreased in the dexamethasone treatment group (P < 0.01). These results indicated that rosiglitazone and dexamethasone could regulate adiponectin expression in muscle of broilers and adiponectin had an anti-lipogenic effect by p38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Yan J, Gan L, Chen D, Sun C. Adiponectin impairs chicken preadipocytes differentiation through p38 MAPK/ATF-2 and TOR/p70 S6 kinase pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77716. [PMID: 24194895 PMCID: PMC3806819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted exclusively by adipocytes that plays an important role in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the ability of adiponectin to stimulate chicken preadipocyte differentiation and its effect on cellular signaling pathways associated with adipocyte differentiation. Data showed that over-expression of adiponectin inhibited adipocyte differentiation and the expression of adipogenic marker gene, while activated the expression of lipolytic marker gene. Meanwhile, adiponectin led to activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)/activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) signaling pathway and down-regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR)/p70 S6 Kinase signaling pathway. Furthermore, the activation of p38 MAPK/ATF-2 signaling pathway was blocked by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB253580, whereas adiponectin had a synergistic effect on the suppression of TOR/p70 S6 Kinase signaling pathway with the TOR inhibitor rapamycin. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the ability of adiponectin to inhibit chicken preadipocyte differentiation, which depends on the p38 MAPK/ATF-2 and TOR/p70 S6 Kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Walluscheck D, Poehlmann A, Hartig R, Lendeckel U, Schönfeld P, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Reissig K, Bajbouj K, Roessner A, Schneider-Stock R. ATF2 knockdown reinforces oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in TE7 cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:976-88. [PMID: 23800081 PMCID: PMC3780530 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells showing low apoptotic effects following oxidative stress-induced DNA damage are mainly affected by growth arrest. Thus, recent studies focus on improving anti-cancer therapies by increasing apoptosis sensitivity. We aimed at identifying a universal molecule as potential target to enhance oxidative stress-based anti-cancer therapy through a switch from cell cycle arrest to apoptosis. A cDNA microarray was performed with hydrogen peroxide-treated oesophageal squamous epithelial cancer cells TE7. This cell line showed checkpoint activation via p21WAF1, but low apoptotic response following DNA damage. The potential target molecule was chosen depended on the following demands: it should regulate DNA damage response, cell cycle and apoptosis. As the transcription factor ATF2 is implicated in all these processes, we focused on this protein. We investigated checkpoint activation via ATF2. Indeed, ATF2 knockdown revealed ATF2-triggered p21WAF1 protein expression, suggesting p21WAF1 transactivation through ATF2. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we identified a hitherto unknown ATF2-binding sequence in the p21WAF1 promoter. p-ATF2 was found to interact with p-c-Jun, creating the AP-1 complex. Moreover, ATF2 knockdown led to c-Jun downregulation. This suggests ATF2-driven induction of c-Jun expression, thereby enhancing ATF2 transcriptional activity via c-Jun-ATF2 heterodimerization. Notably, downregulation of ATF2 caused a switch from cell cycle arrest to reinforced apoptosis, presumably via p21WAF1 downregulation, confirming the importance of ATF2 in the establishment of cell cycle arrest. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene also led to ATF2-dependent G2/M arrest, suggesting that this is a general feature induced by oxidative stress. As ATF2 knockdown also increased apoptosis, we propose ATF2 as a target for combined oxidative stress-based anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Walluscheck
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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40
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Bodenstine TM, Seftor REB, Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Seftor EA, Pemberton PA, Hendrix MJC. Maspin: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:529-51. [PMID: 22752408 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, has been characterized as a tumor suppressor gene in multiple cancer types. Among the established anti-tumor effects of Maspin are the inhibition of cancer cell invasion, attachment to extracellular matrices, increased sensitivity to apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. However, while significant experimental data support the role of Maspin as a tumor suppressor, clinical data regarding the prognostic implications of Maspin expression have led to conflicting results. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the context dependencies of Maspin in normal biology and how these are perturbed in the context of cancer. In this review, we outline the regulation and roles of Maspin in normal and developmental biology while discussing novel evidence and emerging theories related to its functions in cancer. We provide insight into the immense therapeutic potential of Maspin and the challenges related to its successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Bodenstine
- Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Gadd45 in the Liver: Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 793:69-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8289-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Huang GL, Guo HQ, Yang F, Liu OF, Li BB, Liu XY, Lu Y, He ZW. Activating transcription factor 1 is a prognostic marker of colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1053-7. [PMID: 22631637 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying cancer-related genes or proteins is critical in preventing and controlling colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) in CRC. METHODS Protein expression of ATF1 was detected using immunohistochemistry in 66 CRC tissues. Clinicopathological association of ATF1 in CRC was analyzed with chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The prognostic value of ATF1 in CRC is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. RESULTS The ATF1 protein expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues than corresponding normal tissues (51.5% and 71.1%, respectively, P = 0.038). No correlation was found between ATF1 expression and the investigated clinicopathological parameters, including gender, age, depth of invasion, lymph node status, metastasis, pathological stage, vascular tumoral emboli, peritumoral deposits, chemotherapy and original tumor site (all with P > 0.05). Patients with higher ATF1 expression levels have a significantly higher survival rate than that with lower expression (P = 0.026 for overall survival, P = 0.008 for progress free survival). Multivariate Cox regression model revealed that ATF1 expression and depth of invasion were the predictors of the overall survival (P = 0.008 and P = 0.028) and progress free survival (P = 0.002 and P = 0.005) in CRC. CONCLUSIONS Higher ATF1 expression is a predictor of a favorable outcome for the overall survival and progress free survival in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Huang
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
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Moskalev A, Plyusnina E, Shaposhnikov M, Shilova L, Kazachenok A, Zhavoronkov A. The role of D-GADD45 in oxidative, thermal and genotoxic stress resistance. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4222-41. [PMID: 23095639 PMCID: PMC3524218 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a relationship between various cellular stress factors and aging. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that overexpression of the D-GADD45 gene increases the life span of Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we investigate the relationship between D-GADD45 activity and resistance to oxidative, genotoxic and thermal stresses as well as starvation. In most cases, flies with constitutive and conditional D-GADD45 overexpression in the nervous system were more stress-resistant than ones without overexpression. At the same time, most of the studied stress factors increased D-GADD45 expression in the wild-type strain. The lifespan-extending effect of D-GADD45 overexpression was also retained after exposure to chronic and acute gamma-irradiation, with doses of 40 сGy and 30 Gy, respectively. However, knocking out D-GADD45 resulted in a significant reduction in lifespan, lack of radiation hormesis and radioadaptive response. A dramatic decrease in the spontaneous level of D-GADD45 expression was observed in the nervous system as age progressed, which may be one of the causes of the age-related deterioration of organismal stress resistance. Thus, D-GADD45 expression is activated by most of the studied stress factors, and D-GADD45 overexpression resulted in an increase of stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
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A Bayesian ensemble approach with a disease gene network predicts damaging effects of missense variants of human cancers. Hum Genet 2012; 132:15-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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45
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Neal CL, Henderson V, Smith BN, McKeithen D, Graham T, Vo BT, Odero-Marah VA. Snail transcription factor negatively regulates maspin tumor suppressor in human prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:336. [PMID: 22857708 PMCID: PMC3437215 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maspin, a putative tumor suppressor that is down-regulated in breast and prostate cancer, has been associated with decreased cell motility. Snail transcription factor is a zinc finger protein that is increased in breast cancer and is associated with increased tumor motility and invasion by induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We investigated the molecular mechanisms by which Snail increases tumor motility and invasion utilizing prostate cancer cells. METHODS Expression levels were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blot analyses. Cell motility and invasion assays were performed, while Snail regulation and binding to maspin promoter was analyzed by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS Snail protein expression was higher in different prostate cancer cells lines as compared to normal prostate epithelial cells, which correlated inversely with maspin expression. Snail overexpression in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells inhibited maspin expression and led to increased migration and invasion. Knockdown of Snail in DU145 and C4-2 cancer cells resulted in up-regulation of maspin expression, concomitant with decreased migration. Transfection of Snail into 22Rv1 or LNCaP cells inhibited maspin promoter activity, while stable knockdown of Snail in C4-2 cells increased promoter activity. ChIP analysis showed that Snail is recruited to the maspin promoter in 22Rv1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this is the first report showing that Snail can negatively regulate maspin expression by directly repressing maspin promoter activity, leading to increased cell migration and invasion. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of Snail may be useful to re-induce expression of maspin tumor suppressor and prevent prostate cancer tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey L Neal
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
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46
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Lau E, Ronai ZA. ATF2 - at the crossroad of nuclear and cytosolic functions. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2815-24. [PMID: 22685333 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.095000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of transcription factors have been shown to elicit oncogenic and tumor suppressor activities, depending on the tissue and cell context. Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2; also known as cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2) has oncogenic activities in melanoma and tumor suppressor activities in non-malignant skin tumors and breast cancer. Recent work has shown that the opposing functions of ATF2 are associated with its subcellular localization. In the nucleus, ATF2 contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. ATF2 can also translocate to the cytosol, primarily following exposure to severe genotoxic stress, where it impairs mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes mitochondrial-based cell death. Notably, phosphorylation of ATF2 by the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKCε) is the master switch that controls its subcellular localization and function. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the regulation and function of ATF2 in both subcellular compartments. This mechanism of control of a non-genetically modified transcription factor represents a novel paradigm for 'oncogene addiction'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lau
- Signal Transduction Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92130, USA.
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47
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Yu M, Liu X, Cao S, Zhao Z, Zhang K, Xie Q, Chen C, Gao S, Bi Y, Sun L, Ye X, Gao GF, Liu W. Identification and characterization of three novel nuclear export signals in the influenza A virus nucleoprotein. J Virol 2012; 86:4970-80. [PMID: 22345439 PMCID: PMC3347336 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06159-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear export of the influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) is crucial for virus replication. As a major component of the vRNP, nucleoprotein (NP) alone can also be shuttled out of the nucleus by interacting with chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) and is therefore hypothesized to promote the nuclear export of the vRNP. In the present study, three novel nuclear export signals (NESs) of the NP--NES1, NES2, and NES3--were identified as being responsible for mediating its nuclear export. The nuclear export of NES3 was CRM1 dependent, whereas that of NES1 or NES2 was CRM1 independent. Inactivation of these NESs led to an overall nuclear accumulation of NP. Mutation of all three NP-NESs significantly impaired viral replication. Based on structures of influenza virus NP oligomers, these three hydrophobic NESs are found present on the surface of oligomeric NPs. Functional studies indicated that oligomerization is also required for nuclear export of NP. Together, these results suggest that the nuclear export of NP is important for virus replication and relies on its NESs and oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maorong Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caiwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Joint Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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48
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Su L, Sampaio AV, Jones KB, Pacheco M, Goytain A, Lin S, Poulin N, Yi L, Rossi FM, Kast J, Capecchi MR, Underhill TM, Nielsen TO. Deconstruction of the SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein complex: insights into disease etiology and therapeutics. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:333-47. [PMID: 22439931 PMCID: PMC3734954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a translocation-associated sarcoma where the underlying chromosomal event generates SS18-SSX fusion transcripts. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein is both necessary and sufficient to support tumorigenesis; however, its mechanism of action remains poorly defined. We have purified a core SS18-SSX complex and discovered that SS18-SSX serves as a bridge between activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1), resulting in repression of ATF2 target genes. Disruption of these components by siRNA knockdown or treatment with HDAC inhibitors rescues target gene expression, leading to growth suppression and apoptosis. Together, these studies define a fundamental role for aberrant ATF2 transcriptional dysregulation in the etiology of synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Su
- Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Arthur V. Sampaio
- Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Children’s Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
- Department of Human Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Marina Pacheco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Angela Goytain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Shujun Lin
- Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Neal Poulin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Lin Yi
- Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Fabio M. Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Juergen Kast
- Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Mario R. Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - T. Michael Underhill
- Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
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49
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Lau E, Kluger H, Varsano T, Lee K, Scheffler I, Rimm DL, Ideker T, Ronai ZA. PKCε promotes oncogenic functions of ATF2 in the nucleus while blocking its apoptotic function at mitochondria. Cell 2012; 148:543-55. [PMID: 22304920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor ATF2 elicits oncogenic activities in melanoma and tumor suppressor activities in nonmalignant skin cancer. Here, we identify that ATF2 tumor suppressor function is determined by its ability to localize at the mitochondria, where it alters membrane permeability following genotoxic stress. The ability of ATF2 to reach the mitochondria is determined by PKCε, which directs ATF2 nuclear localization. Genotoxic stress attenuates PKCε effect on ATF2; enables ATF2 nuclear export and localization at the mitochondria, where it perturbs the HK1-VDAC1 complex; increases mitochondrial permeability; and promotes apoptosis. Significantly, high levels of PKCε, as seen in melanoma cells, block ATF2 nuclear export and function at the mitochondria, thereby attenuating apoptosis following exposure to genotoxic stress. In melanoma tumor samples, high PKCε levels associate with poor prognosis. Overall, our findings provide the framework for understanding how subcellular localization enables ATF2 oncogenic or tumor suppressor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lau
- Signal Transduction Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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50
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Seong KH, Maekawa T, Ishii S. Inheritance and memory of stress-induced epigenome change: roles played by the ATF-2 family of transcription factors. Genes Cells 2012; 17:249-63. [PMID: 22380515 PMCID: PMC3444692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2012.01587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Data on the inheritance-of-stress effect have been accumulating and some mechanistic insights, such as epigenetic regulation, have also been suggested. In particular, the modern view of Lamarckian inheritance appears to be affected by the finding that stress-induced epigenetic changes can be inherited. This review summarizes the current data on the inheritance of stress effect and possible mechanisms involved in this process. In particular, we focus on the stress-induced epigenetic changes mediated by the ATF-2 family of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyeon Seong
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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