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Lincz LF, Theron DZ, Barry DL, Scorgie FE, Sillar J, Sefhore O, Enjeti AK, Skelding KA. High Expression of ENO1 and Low Levels of Circulating Anti-ENO1 Autoantibodies in Patients with Myelodysplastic Neoplasms and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:884. [PMID: 38473245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In solid tumours, high expression of the glycolytic enzyme, α-enolase (ENO1), predicts for poor patient overall survival (OS), and circulating autoantibodies to ENO1 correlate positively with diagnosis and negatively with advanced disease. Although ENO1 is one of the most highly expressed genes in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), its potential role as a biomarker in AML or its precursor, myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS), has not been investigated. A meta-analysis of nine AML online datasets (n = 1419 patients) revealed that high ENO1 expression predicts for poor OS (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10-1.34, p < 0.001). Additionally, when compared to AML in remission (n = 5), ENO1 protein detected by immunohistochemistry was significantly higher at diagnosis in bone marrow from both AML (n = 5, p < 0.01) and MDS patients (n = 12, p < 0.05), and did not correlate with percentage of blasts (r = 0.28, p = 0.21). AML patients (n = 34) had lower circulating levels of ENO1 autoantibodies detected by ELISA compared to 26 MDS and 18 controls (p = 0.003). However, there was no difference in OS between AML patients with high vs. low levels of anti-ENO1 autoantibodies (p = 0.77). BM immunostaining for ENO1 and patient monitoring of anti-ENO1 autoantibody levels may be useful biomarkers for MDS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Lincz
- Haematology Department, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle Z Theron
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Daniel L Barry
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Fiona E Scorgie
- Haematology Department, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Jonathan Sillar
- Haematology Department, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Opelo Sefhore
- Haematology Department, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Haematology Department, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
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2
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Alves G, Ornellas MH, Liehr T. The role of Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (CAMTA1) gene and its putative genetic partners in the human nervous system. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:869-878. [PMID: 35949142 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (CAMTA1) gene plays a central role in the human nervous system. Here evidence-based perspectives on its clinical value for the screening of CAMTA1 malfunction is provided and argued that in future, patients suffering from brain tumours and/or neurological disorders could benefit from this diagnostic. In neuroblastomas as well as in low-grade gliomas, the influence of reduced expression of CAMTA1 results in opposite prognosis, probably because of different carcinogenic pathways in which CAMTA1 plays different roles, but the exact genetics bases remains unsolved. Rearrangements, mutations and variants of CAMTA1 were associated with human neurodegenerative disorders, while some CAMTA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with poorer memory in clinical cases and also amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. So far, the follow-up of patients with neurological diseases with alterations in CAMTA1 indicates that defects (expression, mutations, and rearrangements) in CAMTA1 alone are not sufficient to drive carcinogenesis. It is necessary to continue studying CAMTA1 rearrangements and expression in more cases than done by now. To understand the influence of CAMTA1 variants and their role in nervous system tumours and in several psychiatric disorders is currently a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Alves
- Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Ornellas
- Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
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Utility of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Assay to Detect 1p/19q Co-Deletion in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Glioma Specimens. Hum Pathol 2022; 126:63-76. [PMID: 35561840 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular classification of brain neoplasms is important for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcome of histologically similar tumors. Oligodendroglioma is a glioma subtype characterized by 1p/19q co-deletion and IDH1/IDH2 mutations, which predicts a good prognosis, responsiveness to therapy and an improved overall survival compared to other adult gliomas. In a routine clinical setting, 1p/19q co-deletion is detected by interphase-FISH and SNP microarray, and somatic mutations are detected by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The aim of this proof-of-principle study was to investigate the feasibility of using targeted NGS to simultaneously detect both 1p/19q co-deletion and somatic mutations. Among two hundred forty-seven consecutive patients with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tumors with various subtypes, NGS revealed 1p/19q co-deletion in twenty-six oligodendrogliomas and an IDH-wildtype astrocytoma, and partial loss across chromosomes 1p and 19q/whole-arm loss of 1p or 19q/copy neutral loss of heterozygosity in eleven non-oligodendrogliomas. For this 247 brain-tumor cohort, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of detecting 1p/19q co-deletion by NGS in oligodendrogliomas were 96.2%, 99.6%, and 99.2%, respectively. The oligodendroglioma cohort had more mutations in IDH1/IDH2, CIC, FUBP1, and TERT, and fewer mutations in ATRX and TP53 than the non-oligodendroglioma cohort. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that targeted NGS can simultaneously detect both 1p/19q co-deletion and somatic mutations, which can provide a more comprehensive genetic profiling for patients with gliomas using a single assay in a clinical setting.
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Li W, Cui Y, Ma W, Wang M, Cai Y, Jiang Y. LncRNA RBPMS-AS1 promotes NRGN transcription to enhance the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma through the microRNA-301a-3p/CAMTA1 axis. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101282. [PMID: 34800915 PMCID: PMC8605343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 are lowly expressed in GBM patients. RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 enhance the radiosensitivity of GBM. miR-301a-3p diminishes the radiosensitivity of GBM. RBPMS-AS1 enhances CAMTA1 expression in GBM cells through sponging miR-301a-3p. CAMTA1 promotes NRGN transcription.
Objective Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent brain malignancy with high incidence, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exerts functions in GBM. In this research, we focused on the capabilities of lncRNA RBPMS-AS1 in radiosensitivity of GBM. Methods RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 expression levels were determined in GBM tissues and cells. StarBase v3.0 database was searched for predicting miRNAs that simultaneously bound to RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1. pcDNA3.1-RBPMS-AS1, pcDNA3.1-CAMTA1, miR-301a-3p mimic, or pcDNA3.1-RBPMS-AS1/pcDNA3.1-CAMTA1 and miR-301a-3p mimic were transfected into GBM cells to test radiosensitivity, cell proliferation and apoptosis. The interactions of miR-301a-3p with RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1, as well as CAMTA1 and NRGN, were confirmed. In vivo imaging technology was utilized to detect tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft tumors, and Ki67 expression was tested in intracranial tumors. Results RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 levels were reduced in GBM tissues and cells. miR-301a-3p had a binding site with both RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 and it was the most significantly-upregulated one. Upregulation of RBPMS-AS1 or CAMTA1 enhanced the radiosensitivity and cell apoptosis while suppressing proliferation of GBM cells. Conversely, miR-301a-3p overexpression diminished the radiosensitivity and cell apoptosis while inducing proliferation of GBM cells. Overexpression of RBPMS-AS1 or CAMTA1 reversed the effects of overexpressed miR-301a-3p in GBM cells. Mechanistically, RBPMS-AS1 enhanced CAMTA1 expression in GBM cells through sponging miR-301a-3p, and CAMTA1 promoted NRGN expression. In animal experiments, overexpressed RBPMS-AS1 inhibited tumor growth and the positive expression of Ki67 both before and after radiation therapy. Conclusion RBPMS-AS1 promotes NRGN transcription through the miR-301a-3p/CAMTA1 axis and enhances the radiosensitivity of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Wenjia Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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5
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Miyake Y, Fujii K, Nakamaura T, Ikegaya N, Matsushita Y, Gobayashi Y, Iwashita H, Udaka N, Kumagai J, Murata H, Takemoto Y, Yamanaka S, Ichimura K, Tateishi K, Yamamoto T. IDH-Mutant Astrocytoma With Chromosome 19q13 Deletion Manifesting as an Oligodendroglioma-Like Morphology. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:247-253. [PMID: 33432322 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial deletions in chromosomes 1p and 19q are found in a subset of astrocytic tumors; however, it remains unclear how these alterations affect their histological features and prognosis. Herein, we present 3 cases of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma with chromosome 19q13 deletion. In the first case, the primary tumor harbored an IDH1 mutation with chromosome 1p/19q partial deletions, which covered 19q13 and exhibited a durable initial response to radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. However, the tumor lost the chromosome 1p/19q partial deletions at recurrence and became resistant to TMZ. Histologically, an oligodendroglioma-like feature was found in the primary tumor but not in the recurrent tumor. Capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC), located on 19q13, was less expressed in the primary tumor but was highly expressed in the recurrent tumor. Similar histological findings were observed in 2 other astrocytic tumors with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. These tumors also had chromosome 19q13 deletion, including the CIC gene, weakly expressed CIC, and oligodendroglioma-like morphology. These tumors recurred at 6 and 32 months, respectively. These findings suggest that IDH-mutant astrocytoma with chromosome 19q13 partial deletion, including the CIC gene, may induce an oligodendroglioma-like phenotype, but the clinical prognosis may not be similar to that of genetically defined oligodendroglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miyake
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keita Fujii
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taishi Nakamaura
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikegaya
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiromichi Iwashita
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Udaka
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jiro Kumagai
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Murata
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takemoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamanaka
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tateishi
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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6
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Arita H, Matsushita Y, Machida R, Yamasaki K, Hata N, Ohno M, Yamaguchi S, Sasayama T, Tanaka S, Higuchi F, Iuchi T, Saito K, Kanamori M, Matsuda KI, Miyake Y, Tamura K, Tamai S, Nakamura T, Uda T, Okita Y, Fukai J, Sakamoto D, Hattori Y, Pareira ES, Hatae R, Ishi Y, Miyakita Y, Tanaka K, Takayanagi S, Otani R, Sakaida T, Kobayashi K, Saito R, Kurozumi K, Shofuda T, Nonaka M, Suzuki H, Shibuya M, Komori T, Sasaki H, Mizoguchi M, Kishima H, Nakada M, Sonoda Y, Tominaga T, Nagane M, Nishikawa R, Kanemura Y, Kuchiba A, Narita Y, Ichimura K. TERT promoter mutation confers favorable prognosis regardless of 1p/19q status in adult diffuse gliomas with IDH1/2 mutations. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:201. [PMID: 33228806 PMCID: PMC7685625 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TERT promoter mutations are commonly associated with 1p/19q codeletion in IDH-mutated gliomas. However, whether these mutations have an impact on patient survival independent of 1p/19q codeletion is unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of TERT promoter mutations on survival in IDH-mutated glioma cases. Detailed clinical information and molecular status data were collected for a cohort of 560 adult patients with IDH-mutated gliomas. Among these patients, 279 had both TERT promoter mutation and 1p/19q codeletion, while 30 had either TERT promoter mutation (n = 24) or 1p/19q codeletion (n = 6) alone. A univariable Cox proportional hazard analysis for survival using clinical and genetic factors indicated that a Karnofsky performance status score (KPS) of 90 or 100, WHO grade II or III, TERT promoter mutation, 1p/19q codeletion, radiation therapy, and extent of resection (90-100%) were associated with favorable prognosis (p < 0.05). A multivariable Cox regression model revealed that TERT promoter mutation had a significantly favorable prognostic impact (hazard ratio = 0.421, p = 0.049), while 1p/19q codeletion did not have a significant impact (hazard ratio = 0.648, p = 0.349). Analyses incorporating patient clinical and genetic information were further conducted to identify subgroups showing the favorable prognostic impact of TERT promoter mutation. Among the grade II-III glioma patients with a KPS score of 90 or 100, those with IDH-TERT co-mutation and intact 1p/19q (n = 17) showed significantly longer survival than those with IDH mutation, wild-type TERT, and intact 1p/19q (n = 185) (5-year overall survival, 94% and 77%, respectively; p = 0.032). Our results demonstrate that TERT promoter mutation predicts favorable prognosis independent of 1p/19q codeletion in IDH-mutated gliomas. Combined with its adverse effect on survival among IDH-wild glioma cases, the bivalent prognostic impact of TERT promoter mutation may help further refine the molecular diagnosis and prognostication of diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Arita
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Machida
- Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Kai Yamasaki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22, Miyakojima-hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 534-0021 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-City, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Makoto Ohno
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo-City, Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
| | - Takashi Sasayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-City, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Fumi Higuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880, Kitakobayashi, Mibu-City, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iuchi
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba-City, Chiba 260-8717 Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-City, Tokyo 181-8611 Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi 980-8574 Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-City, Yamagata 990-9585 Japan
| | - Yohei Miyake
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-City, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Kaoru Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519 Japan
| | - Sho Tamai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa-City, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-City, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Takehiro Uda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 545-8586 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Okita
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 540-0006 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 541-8567 Japan
| | - Junya Fukai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama-City, Wakayama 641-0012 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya-City, Hyogo 663-8501 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hattori
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-City, Okayama 700-8558 Japan
| | - Eriel Sandika Pareira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinano-machi, Tokyo, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582 Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-City, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yukitomo Ishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo-City, Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
| | - Yasuji Miyakita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-City, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Shunsaku Takayanagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Ryohei Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880, Kitakobayashi, Mibu-City, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sakaida
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba-City, Chiba 260-8717 Japan
| | - Keiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-City, Tokyo 181-8611 Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi 980-8574 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-City, Okayama 700-8558 Japan
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation Research, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14, Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 540-0006 Japan
| | - Masahiro Nonaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 540-0006 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, 3-1, Shinmachi 2 Chome, Hirakata-City, Osaka 573-1191 Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, 2-11-12, Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi 983-8520 Japan
| | - Makoto Shibuya
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 1163, Tatemachi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 193-0998 Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0042 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinano-machi, Tokyo, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582 Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-City, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa-City, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-City, Yamagata 990-9585 Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi 980-8574 Japan
| | - Motoo Nagane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-City, Tokyo 181-8611 Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 540-0006 Japan
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation Research, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14, Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 540-0006 Japan
| | - Aya Kuchiba
- Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
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7
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Kong Z, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Liu D, Liu Z, Chen W, Liu P, Yang T, Lyu Y, Zhao D, You H, Wang Y, Ma W, Feng F. Thin-Slice Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Radiomics Signature Predicts Chromosomal 1p/19q Co-deletion Status in Grade II and III Gliomas. Front Neurol 2020; 11:551771. [PMID: 33192984 PMCID: PMC7642873 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.551771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chromosomal 1p/19q co-deletion is recognized as a diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarker in lower grade glioma (LGG). This study aims to construct a radiomics signature to non-invasively predict the 1p/19q co-deletion status in LGG. Methods: Ninety-six patients with pathology-confirmed LGG were retrospectively included and randomly assigned into training (n = 78) and validation (n = 18) dataset. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced T1 (3D-CE-T1)-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and T2-weighted MR images were acquired, and simulated-conventional contrast-enhanced T1 (SC-CE-T1)-weighted images were generated. One hundred and seven shape, first-order, and texture radiomics features were extracted from each imaging modality and selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator on the training dataset. A 3D-radiomics signature based on 3D-CE-T1 and T2-weighted features and a simulated-conventional (SC) radiomics signature based on SC-CE-T1 and T2-weighted features were established using random forest. The radiomics signatures were validated independently and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Tumors with IDH mutations were also separately assessed. Results: Four radiomics features were selected to construct the 3D-radiomics signature and displayed accuracies of 0.897 and 0.833, areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.940 and 0.889 in the training and validation datasets, respectively. The SC-radiomics signature was constructed with 4 features, but the AUC values were lower than that of the 3D signature. In the IDH-mutated subgroup, the 3D-radiomics signature presented AUCs of 0.950–1.000. Conclusions: The MRI-based radiomics signature can differentiate 1p/19q co-deletion status in LGG with or without predetermined IDH status. 3D-CE-T1-weighted radiomics features are more favorable than SC-CE-T1-weighted features in the establishment of radiomics signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziren Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chendan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sirui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Penghao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianrui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelei Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dachun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Parmigiani E, Taylor V, Giachino C. Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Functions of NOTCH Signaling in Glioma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102304. [PMID: 33076453 PMCID: PMC7602630 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of NOTCH signaling has been extensively studied in health and disease, many questions still remain unresolved. Being crucial for tissue homeostasis, NOTCH signaling is also implicated in multiple cancers by either promoting or suppressing tumor development. In this review we illustrate the context-dependent role of NOTCH signaling during tumorigenesis with a particular focus on gliomas, the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors in adults. For a long time, NOTCH has been considered an oncogene in glioma mainly by virtue of its neural stem cell-promoting activity. However, the recent identification of NOTCH-inactivating mutations in some glioma patients has challenged this notion, prompting a re-examination of the function of NOTCH in brain tumor subtypes. We discuss recent findings that might help to reconcile the controversial role of NOTCH signaling in this disease, and pose outstanding questions that still remain to be addressed.
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9
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Yan VC, Yang KL, Ballato ES, Khadka S, Shrestha P, Arthur K, Georgiou DK, Washington M, Tran T, Poral AH, Pham CD, Yan MJ, Muller FL. Bioreducible Phosphonoamidate Pro-drug Inhibitor of Enolase: Proof of Concept Study. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1484-1489. [PMID: 32676158 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis inhibition remains aspirational in cancer therapy. We recently described a promising phosphonate inhibitor of enolase for cancers harboring homozygous deletions of ENO1. Here, we describe the application of a nitroheterocycle phosphonoamidate pro-drug pair to capitalize on tumor hypoxia. This bioreducible prodrug exhibits greater-than 2-fold potency under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxia and exhibits robust stability in biological fluids. Our work provides strong in vitro proof-of-concept for using bioreduction as a pro-drug delivery strategy in the context of enolase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C. Yan
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Kristine L. Yang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Elliot S. Ballato
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Sunada Khadka
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Prakriti Shrestha
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
- Department of Biology, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, United States
| | - Kenisha Arthur
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Dimitra K. Georgiou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Mykia Washington
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Theresa Tran
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Anton H. Poral
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Cong-Dat Pham
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Matthew J. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Florian L. Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
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10
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Pallavicini G, Berto GE, Di Cunto F. Precision Revisited: Targeting Microcephaly Kinases in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092098. [PMID: 31035417 PMCID: PMC6539168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme and medulloblastoma are the most frequent high-grade brain tumors in adults and children, respectively. Standard therapies for these cancers are mainly based on surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to treatment occurs almost invariably in the first case, and side effects are unacceptable in the second. Therefore, the development of new, effective drugs is a very important unmet medical need. A critical requirement for developing such agents is to identify druggable targets required for the proliferation or survival of tumor cells, but not of other cell types. Under this perspective, genes mutated in congenital microcephaly represent interesting candidates. Congenital microcephaly comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders in which brain volume is reduced, in the absence or presence of variable syndromic features. Genetic studies have clarified that most microcephaly genes encode ubiquitous proteins involved in mitosis and in maintenance of genomic stability, but the effects of their inactivation are particularly strong in neural progenitors. It is therefore conceivable that the inhibition of the function of these genes may specifically affect the proliferation and survival of brain tumor cells. Microcephaly genes encode for a few kinases, including CITK, PLK4, AKT3, DYRK1A, and TRIO. In this review, we summarize the evidence indicating that the inhibition of these molecules could exert beneficial effects on different aspects of brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Gaia E Berto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), 10126 Turin, Italy.
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11
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Pećina-Šlaus N, Kafka A, Gotovac Jerčić K, Logara M, Bukovac A, Bakarić R, Borovečki F. Comparable Genomic Copy Number Aberrations Differ across Astrocytoma Malignancy Grades. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051251. [PMID: 30871102 PMCID: PMC6429132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A collection of intracranial astrocytomas of different malignancy grades was analyzed for copy number aberrations (CNA) in order to identify regions that are driving cancer pathogenesis. Astrocytomas were analyzed by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) and bioinformatics utilizing a Bioconductor package, Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC) 2.0.23 and DAVID software. Altogether, 1438 CNA were found of which losses prevailed. On our total sample, significant deletions affected 14 chromosomal regions, out of which deletions at 17p13.2, 9p21.3, 13q12.11, 22q12.3 remained significant even at 0.05 q-value. When divided into malignancy groups, the regions identified as significantly deleted in high grades were: 9p21.3; 17p13.2; 10q24.2; 14q21.3; 1p36.11 and 13q12.11, while amplified were: 3q28; 12q13.3 and 21q22.3. Low grades comprised significant deletions at 3p14.3; 11p15.4; 15q15.1; 16q22.1; 20q11.22 and 22q12.3 indicating their involvement in early stages of tumorigenesis. Significantly enriched pathways were: PI3K-Akt, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)–like receptor, Jak-STAT, retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptor and Toll-like receptor pathways. HPV and herpex simplex infection and inflammation pathways were also represented. The present study brings new data to astrocytoma research amplifying the wide spectrum of changes that could help us identify the regions critical for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Kristina Gotovac Jerčić
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine and University Hospital Center Zagreb, Šalata 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Fran Borovečki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine and University Hospital Center Zagreb, Šalata 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Sonoda Y, Yokoo H, Tanaka S, Kinoshita M, Nakada M, Nishihara H. Practical procedures for the integrated diagnosis of astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. Brain Tumor Pathol 2019; 36:56-62. [PMID: 30847711 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-019-00337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The publication of the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (2016 WHO CNS) represented a major change in the classification of brain tumors. However, many pathologists in Japan cannot diagnose astrocytic or oligodendroglial tumors according to the 2016 WHO CNS due to financial or technical problems. Therefore, the Japan Society of Brain Tumor Pathology established a committee for molecular diagnosis to facilitate the integrated diagnosis of astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors in Japan. We created three levels of diagnoses: Level 1 was defined as simple histopathological diagnosis using hematoxylin and eosin staining and routine cell lineage-based immunostaining. Level 2 was defined as immunohistochemical diagnosis using immunohistochemical examinations using R132H mutation-specific IDH1, ATRX, and/or p53 antibodies. Level 3 was defined as molecular diagnosis, such as diagnosis based on 1p/19q status or the mutation status of the IDH1 and IDH2 genes. In principle, astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors should be diagnosed based on the 2016 WHO CNS and/or cIMPACT-NOW criteria; however, the findings obtained through our diagnostic flowchart can be added to the histological diagnosis in parentheses. This classification system would be helpful for pathologists with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Bieńkowski M, Wöhrer A, Moser P, Kitzwögerer M, Ricken G, Ströbel T, Hainfellner JA. Molecular diagnostic testing of diffuse gliomas in the real-life setting: A practical approach. Clin Neuropathol 2018; 37:166-177. [PMID: 29923492 PMCID: PMC6102559 DOI: 10.5414/np301110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Typing of diffuse gliomas according to the WHO 2016 Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System is based on the integration of histology with molecular biomarkers. However, the choice of appropriate methods for molecular analysis and criteria for interpretation of test results is left to each diagnostic laboratory. In the present study, we tested the applicability of combined immunohistochemistry, direct sequencing, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for diagnostic assessment of IDH1/2 mutation status, chromosome 1p/19q status, and TERT promoter mutations. To this end, we analyzed a consecutive series of 165 patients with diffuse low- and high-grade gliomas (WHO grade II and III) from three Austrian centers in which tissue specimens were routinely processed. We could reliably detect IDH1/2 mutations by combining immunohistochemistry, direct sequencing, and MLPA analysis. MLPA analysis also allowed reliable detection of combined whole chromosomal arm 1p/19q codeletion when using carefully selected criteria providing an optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity. Direct sequencing proved to be suitable for identification of TERT promoter mutations, although its analytical performance remains to be assessed. To conclude, we propose a practicable combination of methods and criteria which allow reliable molecular diagnostic testing of diffuse gliomas in the real-life setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bieńkowski
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Adelheid Wöhrer
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Melitta Kitzwögerer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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14
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Impact of PCR-based molecular analysis in daily diagnosis for the patient with gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2018; 35:141-147. [PMID: 29931485 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-018-0322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The WHO2016 CNS update requires a combined histological and molecular assessment. To assess the major aberrations such as co-deletion of complete chromosome arms 1p and 19q (Co-del), isocitrate dehydrogenase and histone H3 mutations, direct sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and/or FISH are methods considered to be "golden standard" in the community. However, these methods are expensive and complicated. The aim of this study is verification of the sensitivity of the simple PCR-based techniques for assessment of molecular information in daily diagnosis. We analyzed a total number of 80 patients with gliomas. FISH and PCR-based microsatellite analysis were compared for Co-del assessment. Direct sequencing and qPCR using hig-resolution melting (HRM) were compared for IDH and histone H3 mutations. The sensitivity and specificity of FISH were 0.71 and 0.79, respectively. FISH using a commercially available Vysis probe had a risk of high false-positive rate (0.25). For assessment of IDH1 mutations, the sensitivity and specificity of HRM were 1.0 and 0.96, respectively. For assessment of IDH2 and H3 mutations by HRM, both sensitivity and specificity were 1.0. We consider PCR-based molecular analysis to be a simple and accurate technique in daily diagnosis that is readily available for a small scientific facility.
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15
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Chen Y, Lu J, Xia L, Xue D, Yu X, Shen D, Xu L, Li G. Testicular orphan receptor 4 promotes tumor progression and implies poor survival through AKT3 regulation in seminoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:384-394. [PMID: 29197138 PMCID: PMC5797821 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminoma is the most common testicular germ cell tumor worldwide and mainly occurs in 15-35-year-old young men. Early studies have indicated that testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) first cloned from testis is involved in the invasion and metastasis of several human tumors; however, little attention is paid to the function of TR4 in seminoma. Our immunohistochemical (IHC) staining results showed that patients with advanced stage tumors tended to have higher expression of TR4. Importantly, there was a significant association between elevated TR4 expression and reduced overall survival in seminoma patients. In vitro MTS, western blot and transwell assays, after manipulating TR4 expression in Tcam-2 cells, revealed that TR4 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted Tcam-2 cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanism dissection demonstrated that AKT3, a critical component in the signaling pathway, played a crucial role in mediating TR4-promoted Tcam-2 cell proliferation and invasion. We further revealed that TR4 modulated AKT3 at the transcriptional level via chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. Meanwhile, addition of the AKT3 siRNA blocked the function of TR4. Overall, these findings first elucidate that TR4 is a novel prognostic marker and plays a critical role in the metastatic capacity of Tcam-2 cells by EMT regulation and, consequently, targeting TR4-AKT3 pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlei Chen
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyang Lu
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwei Xue
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Shen
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Harewood L, Kishore K, Eldridge MD, Wingett S, Pearson D, Schoenfelder S, Collins VP, Fraser P. Hi-C as a tool for precise detection and characterisation of chromosomal rearrangements and copy number variation in human tumours. Genome Biol 2017; 18:125. [PMID: 28655341 PMCID: PMC5488307 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements occur constitutionally in the general population and somatically in the majority of cancers. Detection of balanced rearrangements, such as reciprocal translocations and inversions, is troublesome, which is particularly detrimental in oncology where rearrangements play diagnostic and prognostic roles. Here we describe the use of Hi-C as a tool for detection of both balanced and unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements in primary human tumour samples, with the potential to define chromosome breakpoints to bp resolution. In addition, we show copy number profiles can also be obtained from the same data, all at a significantly lower cost than standard sequencing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Harewood
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK. .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK-CI), University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kamal Kishore
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK-CI), University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew D Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK-CI), University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Wingett
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Danita Pearson
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - V Peter Collins
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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17
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Hata N, Hatae R, Yoshimoto K, Murata H, Kuga D, Akagi Y, Sangatsuda Y, Suzuki SO, Iwaki T, Mizoguchi M, Iihara K. Insular primary glioblastomas with IDH mutations: Clinical and biological specificities. Neuropathology 2017; 37:200-206. [PMID: 28116838 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a good prognostic marker for glioblastoma (GBM). Although it is infrequent in primary tumors, it is found in most lower-grade gliomas. Thus, it is unclear whether IDH mutation is a marker for a specific phenotype of apparently primary de novo GBMs (pGBMs), or a marker for secondary tumors (sGBMs). We addressed this issue by analyzing clinical, radiographic and molecular findings in our institutional case series. Our cases included 92 pGBMs, with five cases of IDH1 mutations at R132 and no IDH2 mutations. The median overall survival of these five patients was 29 months (range: 4 to >40 months), which is considered good prognoses. Clinical and radiographic characteristics were distinct from IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt) pGBMs. IDH-mutant (IDH-mut) tumors consistently involved insular lesions and were subdivided into: (i) the two cases of elderly patients with long clinical histories and features implying multistep tumor development; and (ii) the three cases of younger patients with diffusely swelling insular tumors, slight contrast enhancement and no necrosis. Genetic and expression analyses of IDH-mut pGBMs were similar to those of sGBMs, suggesting that they are indeed distinct from their IDH-wt counterparts. TERT promoter mutation, a genetic marker of oligodendroglial derivation, was detected in one long-surviving case, but genetic alterations in the astrocyte-sGBM pathway were generally prevalent in IDH-mut pGBMs. Our results present a unique phenotype of IDH-mut pGBMs arising from insular cortex region, the molecular backgrounds of which are similar to sGBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Murata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yojiro Akagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi O Suzuki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Sun Y, Ji P, Chen T, Zhou X, Yang D, Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu L, Xia D, Liu Y, Multani AS, Shmulevich I, Kucherlapati R, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Hamilton SR, Sun B, Zhang W. MIIP haploinsufficiency induces chromosomal instability and promotes tumour progression in colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2016; 241:67-79. [PMID: 27741356 DOI: 10.1002/path.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP), located on 1p36.22, is a potential tumour suppressor gene in glioma. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and mechanism of action of MIIP in colorectal cancer (CRC). MIIP protein expression gradually decreased along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and was negatively correlated with lymph node and distant metastasis in 526 colorectal tissue samples (p < 0.05 for all). Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data showed that decreased MIIP expression was significantly associated with MIIP hemizygous deletion (p = 0.0005), which was detected in 27.7% (52/188) of CRC cases, and associated with lymph node and distant metastasis (p < 0.05 for both). We deleted one copy of the MIIP gene in HCT116 CRC cells using zinc finger nuclease technology and demonstrated that MIIP haploinsufficiency resulted in increased colony formation and cell migration and invasion, which was consistent with the results from siRNA-mediated MIIP knockdown in two CRC cell lines (p < 0.05 for all). Moreover, MIIP haploinsufficiency promoted CRC progression in vivo (p < 0.05). Genomic instability and spectral karyotyping assays demonstrated that MIIP haploinsufficiency induced chromosomal instability (CIN). Besides modulating the downstream proteins of APC/CCdc20 , securin and cyclin B1, MIIP haploinsufficiency inhibited topoisomerase II (Topo II) activity and induced chromosomal missegregation. Therefore, we report that MIIP is a novel potential tumour suppressor gene in CRC. Moreover, we characterized the MIIP gene as a novel CIN suppressor gene, through altering the stability of mitotic checkpoint proteins and disturbing Topo II activity. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Limei Hu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianren Xia
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanxue Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Asha S Multani
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Raju Kucherlapati
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stanley R Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 20174, USA
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19
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Karsy M, Neil JA, Guan J, Mahan MA, Mark MA, Colman H, Jensen RL. A practical review of prognostic correlations of molecular biomarkers in glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38:E4. [PMID: 25727226 DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.focus14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts in research and therapeutics, achieving longer survival for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains a formidable challenge. Furthermore, because of rapid advances in the scientific understanding of GBM, communication with patients regarding the explanations and implications of genetic and molecular markers can be difficult. Understanding the important biomarkers that play a role in GBM pathogenesis may also help clinicians in educating patients about prognosis, potential clinical trials, and monitoring response to treatments. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review that can be discussed with patients regarding common molecular markers, namely O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and 1p/19q. The importance of the distinction between a prognostic and a predictive biomarker as well as clinical trials regarding these markers and their relevance to clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center; and
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20
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Abstract
Genomic deletion of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) is a rite of passage for virtually all human cancers. The synthetic lethal paradigm has provided a framework for the development of molecular targeted therapeutics that are functionally linked to the loss of specific TSG functions. In the course of genomic events that delete TSGs, a large number of genes with no apparent direct role in tumor promotion also sustain deletion as a result of chromosomal proximity to the target TSG. In this perspective, we review the novel concept of "collateral lethality", which has served to identify cancer-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities resulting from co-deletion of passenger genes neighboring TSG. The large number of collaterally deleted genes, playing diverse functions in cell homeostasis, offers a rich repertoire of pharmacologically targetable vulnerabilities presenting novel opportunities for the development of personalized anti-neoplastic therapies.
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21
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Brandner S, von Deimling A. Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive relevance of molecular markers in gliomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:694-720. [PMID: 25944653 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The advances of genome-wide 'discovery platforms' and the increasing affordability of the analysis of significant sample sizes have led to the identification of novel mutations in brain tumours that became diagnostically and prognostically relevant. The development of mutation-specific antibodies has facilitated the introduction of these convenient biomarkers into most neuropathology laboratories and has changed our approach to brain tumour diagnostics. However, tissue diagnosis will remain an essential first step for the correct stratification for subsequent molecular tests, and the combined interpretation of the molecular and tissue diagnosis ideally remains with the neuropathologist. This overview will help our understanding of the pathobiology of common intrinsic brain tumours in adults and help guiding which molecular tests can supplement and refine the tissue diagnosis of the most common adult intrinsic brain tumours. This article will discuss the relevance of 1p/19q codeletions, IDH1/2 mutations, BRAF V600E and BRAF fusion mutations, more recently discovered mutations in ATRX, H3F3A, TERT, CIC and FUBP1, for diagnosis, prognostication and predictive testing. In a tumour-specific topic, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mutations in the pathogenesis of pilocytic astrocytomas will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ and DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Thuy MN, Kam JK, Lee GC, Tao PL, Ling DQ, Cheng M, Goh SK, Papachristos AJ, Shukla L, Wall KL, Smoll NR, Jones JJ, Gikenye N, Soh B, Moffat B, Johnson N, Drummond KJ. A novel literature-based approach to identify genetic and molecular predictors of survival in glioblastoma multiforme: Analysis of 14,678 patients using systematic review and meta-analytical tools. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:785-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Collins V. Pathology of Gliomas and Developments in Molecular Testing. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:377-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Collins VP, Ichimura K, Di Y, Pearson D, Chan R, Thompson LC, Gabe R, Brada M, Stenning SP. Prognostic and predictive markers in recurrent high grade glioma; results from the BR12 randomised trial. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:68. [PMID: 24952577 PMCID: PMC4229733 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the prognostic and predictive value of a range of molecular changes in the setting of a randomised trial comparing standard PCV (procarbazine, CCNU (1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) and vincristine) chemotherapy with the standard temozolomide (TMZ) 5-day (200 mg/m2/day) schedule and a 21-day (100 mg/m2/day) schedule in chemo-naïve, high-grade glioma (non-oligodendroglial tumours; WHO (World Health Organisation) grades III and IV) patients at first progression following radiotherapy. 354 samples (79.2%) from the first operation of the 447 randomised patients provided enough tumour DNA for some or all parts of the study. Genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH), mutation analysis of IDH1/2 and TP53 and methylation analyses of the MGMT CpG-island was done. 84% of grade III tumours and 17% of grade IV had IDH1 or IDH2 mutations that conferred a better prognosis in both; MGMT methylation (defined as average value across 16 CpGs ≥ 10%) occurred in 75% of tumours and was also associated with improved survival. Both were of independent prognostic value after accounting for clinical factors and tumour grade. None of the molecular changes investigated gave clear evidence of a predictive benefit of TMZ over PCV or 21-day TMZ over 5-day TMZ although power was limited and a role for MGMT methylation could not be ruled out. Loss of 1p and 19q was seen in only 4 patients although hemizygous loss of 1p36 occurred in 20%. The findings support reports that IDH1/2 mutations and MGMT methylation can be used in addition to tumour grade and clinical factors to predict survival in patients with recurrent high grade gliomas when treated with any of the therapy regimes used.
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25
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ZENG LIANG, FEE BRIANE, RIVAS MIRIAMV, LIN JAMES, ADAMSON DAVIDCORY. Adherens junctional associated protein-1: A novel 1p36 tumor suppressor candidate in gliomas. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:13-7. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Protein p73 is a member of the p53 protein family that can induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis by the activation of p53-responsive genes as well as p53-independent pathways. Alternative promoter usage, together with differential splicing of the C-terminal exons, forms several distinct mRNAs that are translated into corresponding protein isoforms containing different domains. While TAp73 isoforms respond to genotoxic stress in a manner similar to tumor suppressor p53, ΔTAp73 isoforms inhibit apoptosis during normal development and in cancer cell lines. Thus, the impact of p73 on tumorigenesis depends on a subtle balance between tumor-promoting and -suppressing isoforms. Due to the structural homology between p53 and p73, a subtle balance among p53 family members and their isoforms could influence glioma cell evolution toward malignancy. Thus, the p73 status has to be considered when studying the regulatory role of p53 protein in gliomagenesis. The presented review summarizes recent knowledge about the issue of p73 and its isoforms with respect to neuro-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery and International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
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27
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Haynes HR, Camelo-Piragua S, Kurian KM. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in adult and pediatric gliomas: toward personalized treatment. Front Oncol 2014; 4:47. [PMID: 24716189 PMCID: PMC3970023 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that both adult and pediatric glial tumor entities represent collections of neoplastic lesions, each with individual pathological molecular events and treatment responses. In this review, we discuss the current prognostic biomarkers validated for clinical use or with future clinical validity for gliomas. Accurate prognostication is crucial for managing patients as treatments may be associated with high morbidity and the benefits of high risk interventions must be judged by the treating clinicians. We also review biomarkers with predictive validity, which may become clinically relevant with the development of targeted therapies for adult and pediatric gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Haynes
- Department of Neuropathology, Frenchay Hospital , Bristol , UK
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28
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Polivka J, Janku F. Molecular targets for cancer therapy in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:164-75. [PMID: 24333502 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in various cellular signaling pathways are instrumental in regulating cellular metabolism, tumor development, growth, proliferation, metastasis and cytoskeletal reorganization. The fundamental cellular signaling cascade involved in these processes, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), closely related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, is a crucial and intensively explored intracellular signaling pathway in tumorigenesis. Various activating mutations in oncogenes together with the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are found in diverse malignancies across almost all members of the pathway. Substantial progress in uncovering PI3K/AKT/mTOR alterations and their roles in tumorigenesis has enabled the development of novel targeted molecules with potential for developing efficacious anticancer treatment. Two approved anticancer drugs, everolimus and temsirolimus, exemplify targeted inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in the clinic and many others are in preclinical development as well as being tested in early clinical trials for many different types of cancer. This review focuses on targeted PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling from the perspective of novel molecular targets for cancer therapy found in key pathway members and their corresponding experimental therapeutic agents. Various aberrant prognostic and predictive biomarkers are also discussed and examples are given. Novel approaches to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition together with a better understanding of prognostic and predictive markers have the potential to significantly improve the future care of cancer patients in the current era of personalized cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine Plzen, Charles University Prague, Husova 3, 301 66 Plzen, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital Plzen, Alej Svobody 80, 304 60 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Laxton RC, Popov S, Doey L, Jury A, Bhangoo R, Gullan R, Chandler C, Brazil L, Sadler G, Beaney R, Sibtain N, King A, Bodi I, Jones C, Ashkan K, Al-Sarraj S. Primary glioblastoma with oligodendroglial differentiation has better clinical outcome but no difference in common biological markers compared with other types of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1635-43. [PMID: 24158110 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme with an oligodendroglial component (GBMO) has been recognized in the World Health Organization classification-however, the diagnostic criteria, molecular biology, and clinical outcome of primary GBMO remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether primary GBMO is a distinct clinicopathological subgroup of GBM and to determine the relative frequency of prognostic markers such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 1p and/or 19q, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation. METHODS We examined 288 cases of primary GBM and assessed the molecular markers in 57 GBMO and 50 cases of other primary GBM, correlating the data with clinical parameters and outcome. RESULTS GBMO comprised 21.5% of our GBM specimens and showed significantly longer survival compared with our other GBM (12 mo vs 5.8 mo, P = .006); there was also a strong correlation with younger age at diagnosis (56.4 y vs 60.6 y, P = .005). Singular LOH of 19q (P = .04) conferred a 1.9-fold increased hazard of shorter survival. There was no difference in the frequencies of 1p or 19q deletion, MGMT promoter methylation, or IDH1 mutation (P = .8, P = 1.0, P = 1.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Primary GBMO is a subgroup of GBM associated with longer survival and a younger age group but shows no difference in the frequency of LOH of 1p/19q, MGMT, and IDH1 mutation compared with other primary GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Laxton
- Corresponding Author: Ross Laxton, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
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30
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Avci CB, Dodurga Y, Susluer SY, Sıgva ZOD, Yucebas M, Caglar HO, Akalin T, Dalbasti T, Oktar N, Gunduz C. Promoter hypermethylation-mediated down-regulation of RUNX3 gene in human brain tumors. Ir J Med Sci 2013; 183:259-64. [PMID: 23934435 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-1001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Runx family proteins, including RUNX3, are tissue-restricted transcription factors and play role in neuronal development and tumorigenesis. RUNX3 has an important role in glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenesis because of its promoter hypermethylation. AIM We aimed to evaluate the methylation-mediated expression regulation of RUNX3 gene in brain tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cases of meningiomas WHO grade III (3), anaplastic astrocytomas (3), diffuse astrocytoma (3), and GBM (12) were recruited into this study. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed for analyses of DNA promoter methylation and analyses of methylation-mediated expression status of RUNX3 gene was performed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS There was no significant difference between methylated and unmethylated quantitative ratio of RUNX3 gene promoter region and also no significant difference in relative ratio of RUNX3 gene expression in brain tumor groups. Methylated and unmethylated ratio in anaplastic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, GBM, meningioma (WHO grade III) and in all groups were; 1.44, 1.09, 1.51, 1.52 and 1.43, respectively. One allele was found methylated necessarily. No methylation was detected in one case of GBM group and one case of anaplastic astrocytoma group. There was no unmethylated promoter in one of the GBM cases. There were significant differences between relative ratio of RUNX3 gene expression and methylated/unmethylated ratio rates for all cases (p = 0.001) and GBM groups (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION This study overemphasized the RUNX3 gene importance in brain tumors, due to the existence of at least one methylated allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey,
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31
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Baronchelli S, Bentivegna A, Redaelli S, Riva G, Butta V, Paoletta L, Isimbaldi G, Miozzo M, Tabano S, Daga A, Marubbi D, Cattaneo M, Biunno I, Dalprà L. Delineating the cytogenomic and epigenomic landscapes of glioma stem cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57462. [PMID: 23468990 PMCID: PMC3585345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and malignant type of glioma, is characterized by a poor prognosis and the lack of an effective treatment, which are due to a small sub-population of cells with stem-like properties, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs). The term "multiforme" describes the histological features of this tumor, that is, the cellular and morphological heterogeneity. At the molecular level multiple layers of alterations may reflect this heterogeneity providing together the driving force for tumor initiation and development. In order to decipher the common "signature" of the ancestral GSC population, we examined six already characterized GSC lines evaluating their cytogenomic and epigenomic profiles through a multilevel approach (conventional cytogenetic, FISH, aCGH, MeDIP-Chip and functional bioinformatic analysis). We found several canonical cytogenetic alterations associated with GBM and a common minimal deleted region (MDR) at 1p36.31, including CAMTA1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene, specific for the GSC population. Therefore, on one hand our data confirm a role of driver mutations for copy number alterations (CNAs) included in the GBM genomic-signature (gain of chromosome 7- EGFR gene, loss of chromosome 13- RB1 gene, loss of chromosome 10-PTEN gene); on the other, it is not obvious that the new identified CNAs are passenger mutations, as they may be necessary for tumor progression specific for the individual patient. Through our approach, we were able to demonstrate that not only individual genes into a pathway can be perturbed through multiple mechanisms and at different levels, but also that different combinations of perturbed genes can incapacitate functional modules within a cellular networks. Therefore, beyond the differences that can create apparent heterogeneity of alterations among GSC lines, there's a sort of selective force acting on them in order to converge towards the impairment of cell development and differentiation processes. This new overview could have a huge importance in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baronchelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Science and Technology Park, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Butta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Paoletta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino- Istituto Scientifico Tumori (IST) Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Marubbi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino- Istituto Scientifico Tumori (IST) Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Cattaneo
- Science and Technology Park, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Biunno
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research-National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Surgical Pathology, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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32
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Cheung M, Testa JR. Diverse mechanisms of AKT pathway activation in human malignancy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2013; 13:234-44. [PMID: 23297823 DOI: 10.2174/1568009611313030002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AKT/PKB (Protein Kinase B) are central proteins mediating signals from receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. AKT kinases are involved in a number of important cellular processes including cell proliferation and survival, cell size in response to nutrient availability, tumor invasion/metastasis, and angiogenesis.Various components of the AKT signaling pathway are encoded by tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes whose loss or activation, respectively, plays an important role in tumorigenesis. The growing body of evidence connecting deregulated AKT signaling with sporadic human cancers and inherited cancer predisposition syndromes is discussed. We also highlight new findings regarding the involvement of activating mutations of AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 in somatic overgrowth disorders: Proteus syndrome, hypoglycemia with hypertrophy, and hemimegalencephaly, respectively. In addition, we review recent literature documenting the various ways the AKT signaling pathway is activated in human cancers and consequences for molecularly targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
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Okita Y, Narita Y, Miyakita Y, Ohno M, Matsushita Y, Fukushima S, Sumi M, Ichimura K, Kayama T, Shibui S. IDH1/2 mutation is a prognostic marker for survival and predicts response to chemotherapy for grade II gliomas concomitantly treated with radiation therapy. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1325-36. [PMID: 22825915 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable prognostic biomarkers of grade II gliomas remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2), 1p/19q co-deletion, and clinicopathological factors in patients with grade II glioma who were primarily treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy after surgery. Seventy-two consecutive patients, including 49 cases of diffuse astrocytomas (DA), 4 oligodendrogliomas (OL) and 19 oligoastrocytomas (OA), who underwent treatment from 1991 to 2010 at a single institution were examined. The overall survival (OS) of the DA patients (8.3 years) was significantly shorter than that of the OL and OA patients (11.7 years). IDH1/2 mutations were found in 46.9% of the DA patients and 82.6% of the OL and OA patients. The progression-free survival (PFS) and OS of the patients with IDH1/2 mutations (8.4 and 16.3 years) were significantly longer than those of the patients without IDH1/2 mutations (3.3 and 4.5 years). Among the patients with IDH1/2 mutations, those who were initially treated with chemoradiotherapy including nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), had significantly longer PFS than those treated with radiotherapy alone, whereas no significant difference in PFS was observed between the chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy groups in the patients without IDH1/2 mutations. Oligodendroglial tumors, age <40 years, initial Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥80, and IDH1/2 mutations were favorable prognostic factors regarding PFS and OS. IDH1/2 mutation was a predictive factor of response to chemoradiotherapy in grade II gliomas. Patients with IDH1/2 mutations may benefit more from chemoraiotherapy than those without IDH1/2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Okita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Agamanolis DP, Katsetos CD, Klonk CJ, Bartkowski HM, Ganapathy S, Staugaitis SM, Kuerbitz SJ, Patton DF, Talaizadeh A, Cohen BH. An unusual form of superficially disseminated glioma in children: report of 3 cases. J Child Neurol 2012; 27:727-33. [PMID: 22596013 DOI: 10.1177/0883073811426500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three children, aged 4, 5, and 9 years, had an insidious onset of ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hydrocephalus and countless foci of high T2 signal coating the cerebellum, basilar cisterns, brainstem, and fourth ventricle. Similar lesions were present in the spinal cord. Symptoms were relatively mild given the massive tumor burden. Biopsies were composed of superficially infiltrating cells with oligodendroglioma-like features (perinuclear halos and cytologic monotony) and microcysts. Classical cytogenetic analysis of 2 cases showed normal karyotypes. Chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed 1p36 deletion with intact 19q in 2 cases and no abnormality in one. A similar combination of clinical, MRI, and histopathologic findings has been reported previously in 10 other cases. The pathologic findings suggest a glioma with diffuse or multifocal superficial origin and do not correspond to a described entity in the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri P Agamanolis
- Department of Pathology, Akron Children's Hospital and Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, OH 44308, USA.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a histopathologically heterogeneous disease with few treatment options. Therapy based on genomic alterations is rapidly gaining popularity because of the high response rate and high specificity. DNA copy number and exon-sequencing studies of glioblastoma multiforme samples have revealed recurrent genomic alterations in genes such as TP53, EGFR, and IDH1, but to date, this has not resulted in novel glioblastoma multiforme therapies. Identification of expression subtypes has resulted in new insights such as the association between genomic abnormalities and expression signatures. This review describes the types of genomic studies that have been performed and that are underway, the most prominent results, and the implications of genomic research for the development of clinical treatment modalities.
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Abstract
Chromosome 1p36.23 is frequently deleted in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). miR-34a localizes in this region. Our experiments found that miR-34a was often deleted and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was frequently amplified in genomic DNA of 55 GBMs using single-nucleotide polymorphism DNA microarray. Notably, we found that the mean survival time was significantly shortened for patients whose GBMs had both EGFR amplification and miR-34a deletion. Expression of miR-34a was significantly lower in GBM samples compared with normal brain tissue. Forced expression of miR-34a in GBM cells decreased their ability to migrate and profoundly decreased their levels of cyclin-A1, -B1, -D1, and -D3, as well as cyclin-dependent kinase and increased expression of cyclin kinase inhibitor proteins (p21, p27). Also, human GBM cells (U251) stable overexpressing mir-34a formed smaller tumors when growing as xenografts in immunodeficient mice compared with wild-type U251 GBM cells. Furthermore, the protein expression of EGFR decreased in the cells with forced overexpression of miR-34a. Additional studies showed that mir-34a targeted Yin Yang-1 (YY1) and YY1 is a transcription factor that can stimulate the expression of EGFR. Thus, our data suggest that miR-34a acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting growth of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo associated with moderating the expression of cell-cycle proteins and EGFR. Moreover, we discovered for the first time that both deletion of miR-34a and amplification of EGFR were associated with significantly decreased overall survival of GBM patients.
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Recent advances in the molecular understanding of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2012; 108:11-27. [PMID: 22270850 PMCID: PMC3337398 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite maximum treatment, patients only have a median survival time of 15 months, because of the tumor’s resistance to current therapeutic approaches. Thus far, methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter has been the only confirmed molecular predictive factor in glioblastoma. Novel “genome-wide” techniques have identified additional important molecular alterations as mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and its prognostic importance. This review summarizes findings and techniques of genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic studies of glioblastoma. It provides the clinician with an up-to-date overview of current identified molecular alterations that should ultimately lead to new therapeutic targets and more individualized treatment approaches in glioblastoma.
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Ducray F, Idbaih A, Wang XW, Cheneau C, Labussiere M, Sanson M. Predictive and prognostic factors for gliomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:781-9. [PMID: 21554053 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, gliomas, in particular the most frequent and malignant glioblastoma, remain devastating tumors and need a better molecular characterization to improve both classification and treatment. Currently, three molecular markers, related to better outcome, are particularly useful and complement the histological classification: the 1p/19q codeletion strongly predicts prolonged response to treatment and prolonged survival in oligodendroglial tumors; the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation, which is hypothesized to render the cell more vulnerable to alkylants, is associated with a stronger benefit of concomitant chemoradiotherapy in glioblastomas; mutations of the IDH1 (more rarely IDH2) gene affects 40% of gliomas (but 100% of the 1p/19q codeleted gliomas) and is inversely correlated to grade. IDH1 mutation is a strong and independent predictor of survival, whatever grade considered. The consequences of IDH1/IDH2 mutation (that results in a new enzymatic activity transforming alphacetoglutarate into 2-hydroxyglutarate) are currently under investigation. Recently, integrated genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic studies have unraveled new glioblastoma subgroups that further refines the molecular classification of these tumors. Such an approach should be extended to lower grade gliomas.
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RUNX3 expression is lost in glioma and its restoration causes drastic suppression of tumor invasion and migration. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1823-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schraivogel D, Weinmann L, Beier D, Tabatabai G, Eichner A, Zhu JY, Anton M, Sixt M, Weller M, Beier CP, Meister G. CAMTA1 is a novel tumour suppressor regulated by miR-9/9* in glioblastoma stem cells. EMBO J 2011; 30:4309-22. [PMID: 21857646 PMCID: PMC3199389 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells or cancer initiating cells are believed to contribute to cancer recurrence after therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules with fundamental roles in gene regulation. The role of miRNAs in cancer stem cells is only poorly understood. Here, we report miRNA expression profiles of glioblastoma stem cell-containing CD133(+) cell populations. We find that miR-9, miR-9(*) (referred to as miR-9/9(*)), miR-17 and miR-106b are highly abundant in CD133(+) cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-9/9(*) or miR-17 leads to reduced neurosphere formation and stimulates cell differentiation. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) is a putative transcription factor, which induces the expression of the anti-proliferative cardiac hormone natriuretic peptide A (NPPA). We identify CAMTA1 as an miR-9/9(*) and miR-17 target. CAMTA1 expression leads to reduced neurosphere formation and tumour growth in nude mice, suggesting that CAMTA1 can function as tumour suppressor. Consistently, CAMTA1 and NPPA expression correlate with patient survival. Our findings could provide a basis for novel strategies of glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schraivogel
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Weinmann
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dagmar Beier
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Eichner
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jia Yun Zhu
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martina Anton
- TU Munich, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph P Beier
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Mizoguchi M, Kuga D, Guan Y, Hata N, Nakamizo A, Yoshimoto K, Sasaki T. Loss of heterozygosity analysis in malignant gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2011; 28:191-6. [PMID: 21629980 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-011-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastomas, patient outcomes for these highly malignant tumors remain poor. Research into the molecular pathology of glioblastoma has uncovered various genetic changes that contribute to malignancy. Some of the identified molecular markers--such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 1p/19q and chromosome 10, O6-methylguanine methyltransferase promoter hypermethylation, and mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1--may help to predict patient outcomes. Indeed, LOH analysis is an effective approach to classify malignant gliomas. Genome-wide analyses have revealed that the extent and pattern of LOH regions may have important implications for the clinical course of the disease. As the genetic underpinnings of malignant gliomas are complex and varied, careful selection of the methods for genetic analysis in the clinic is important. The fundamental principles of each assay need to be understood to allow careful selection of practically useful methods. This review summarizes recent developments in the molecular analysis of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Klink B, Schlingelhof B, Klink M, Stout-Weider K, Patt S, Schrock E. Glioblastomas with oligodendroglial component-common origin of the different histological parts and genetic subclassification. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:261-75. [PMID: 21538026 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas are the most common and most malignant brain tumors in adults. A small subgroup of glioblastomas contains areas with histological features of oligodendroglial differentiation (GBMO). Our objective was to genetically characterize the oligodendroglial and the astrocytic parts of GBMOs and correlate morphologic and genetic features with clinical data. METHODS The oligodendroglial and the "classic" glioblastoma parts of 13 GBMO were analyzed separately by interphase fluoreszence in situ hybridization (FISH) on paraffin sections using a custom probe set (regions 1p, 1q, 7q, 10q, 17p, 19q, cen18, 21q) and by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) of microdissected paraffin embedded tumor tissue. RESULTS We identified four distinct genetic subtypes in 13 GBMOs: an "astrocytic" subtype (9/13) characterized by +7/-10; an "oligodendroglial" subtype with -1p/-19q (1/13); an "intermediate" subtype showing +7/-1p (1/13), and an "other" subtype having none of the former aberrations typical for gliomas (2/13). The different histological tumor parts of GBMO revealed common genetic changes in all tumors and showed additional aberrations specific for each part. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the monoclonal origin of GBMO followed by the development of the astrocytic and oligodendroglial components. The diagnostic determination of the genetic signatures may allow for a better prognostication of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klink
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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Henrich KO, Bauer T, Schulte J, Ehemann V, Deubzer H, Gogolin S, Muth D, Fischer M, Benner A, König R, Schwab M, Westermann F. CAMTA1, a 1p36 tumor suppressor candidate, inhibits growth and activates differentiation programs in neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3142-51. [PMID: 21385898 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A distal portion of human chromosome 1p is often deleted in neuroblastomas and other cancers and it is generally assumed that this region harbors one or more tumor suppressor genes. In neuroblastoma, a 261 kb region at 1p36.3 that encompasses the smallest region of consistent deletion pinpoints the locus for calmodulin binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1). Low CAMTA1 expression is an independent predictor of poor outcome in multivariate survival analysis, but its potential functionality in neuroblastoma has not been explored. In this study, we used inducible cell models to analyze the impact of CAMTA1 on neuroblastoma biology. In neuroblastoma cells that expressed little endogenous CAMTA1, its ectopic expression slowed cell proliferation, increasing the relative proportion of cells in G(1)/G(0) phases of the cell cycle, inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation, and suppressed the growth of tumor xenografts. CAMTA1 also induced neurite-like processes and markers of neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma cells. Further, retinoic acid and other differentiation- inducing stimuli upregulated CAMTA1 expression in neuroblastoma cells. Transciptome analysis revealed 683 genes regulated on CAMTA1 induction and gene ontology analysis identified genes consistent with CAMTA1-induced phenotypes, with a significant enrichment for genes involved in neuronal function and differentiation. Our findings define properties of CAMTA1 in growth suppression and neuronal differentiation that support its assignment as a 1p36 tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division of Tumor Genetics B030, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology G340, German Cancer Research Center, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Grauer O, Pascher C, Hartmann C, Zeman F, Weller M, Proescholdt M, Brawanski A, Pietsch T, Wick W, Bogdahn U, Hau P. Temozolomide and 13-cis retinoic acid in patients with anaplastic gliomas: a prospective single-arm monocentric phase-II study (RNOP-05). J Neurooncol 2011; 104:801-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
This presentation reports a series of data dealing with recurrent genetic abnormalities and gene expression profiles that characterize primary glioblastomas and secondary glioblastomas resulting from the transformation of low grade tumors (grade II and III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas). The most recent aspects of the concept of tumor stem cells that may explain the relentless growth of GBM will be reported. Molecular features of tumor neoangiogenesis will be described. Epigenetic alterations and deregulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRs) will be also included. Some aspects of tumor predisposition will be also discussed. Finally, a short description of exosomes as vectors of tumor information will be presented.
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Bourne TD, Schiff D. Update on molecular findings, management and outcome in low-grade gliomas. Nat Rev Neurol 2010. [PMID: 21045797 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade infiltrating gliomas in adults include diffuse astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. The current gold standard diagnosis of these tumors relies on histological classification; however, emerging molecular abnormalities discovered in these tumors are playing an increasingly prominent part in the process of tumor diagnosis and, consequently, patient management. The frequency and clinical importance of tumor protein p53 (TP53) abnormalities, deletions involving chromosomes 1p and 19q, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status, abnormalities in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene and the BRAF oncogene, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations have become better defined. Molecular markers have not, historically, had an important role in determining the course of treatment for patients with low-grade gliomas, but ongoing phase III clinical trials incorporate 1p deletion or 1p19q codeletion status-and future trials plan to incorporate MGMT promoter methylation status-as stratification factors. Future trials will need to incorporate IDH mutational status in addition to these factors. Ultimately, molecular marker assessment will, hopefully, improve the accuracy of tumor diagnosis and enhance the effectiveness of treatment to achieve improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T David Bourne
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0214, USA
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Restuccia DF, Hemmings BA. From man to mouse and back again: advances in defining tumor AKTivities in vivo. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:705-20. [PMID: 20940316 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.004671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AKT hyperactivation is a common event in human cancers, and inhibition of oncogenic AKT activation is a major goal of drug discovery programs. Mouse tumor models that replicate AKT activation typical of human cancers provide a powerful means by which to investigate mechanisms of oncogenic signaling, identify potential therapeutic targets and determine treatment regimes with maximal therapeutic efficacy. This Perspective highlights recent advances using in vivo studies that reveal how AKT signaling supports tumor formation, cooperates with other mutations to promote tumor progression and facilitates tumor-cell dissemination, focusing on well-characterized prostate carcinoma mouse models that are highly sensitive to AKT activation. The implications of these findings on the therapeutic targeting of AKT and potential new drug targets are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Restuccia
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Palani M, Devan S, Arunkumar R, Vanisree AJ. Frequency variations in the methylated pattern of p73/p21 genes and chromosomal aberrations correlating with different grades of glioma among south Indian population. Med Oncol 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S445-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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