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Jin X, Gu TH, Kwon NH, Hwang SJ. Synergetic Advantages of Atomically Coupled 2D Inorganic and Graphene Nanosheets as Versatile Building Blocks for Diverse Functional Nanohybrids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005922. [PMID: 33890336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
2D nanostructured materials, including inorganic and graphene nanosheets, have evoked plenty of scientific research activity due to their intriguing properties and excellent functionalities. The complementary advantages and common 2D crystal shapes of inorganic and graphene nanosheets render their homogenous mixtures powerful building blocks for novel high-performance functional hybrid materials. The nanometer-level thickness of 2D inorganic/graphene nanosheets allows the achievement of unusually strong electronic couplings between sheets, leading to a remarkable improvement in preexisting functionalities and the creation of unexpected properties. The synergetic merits of atomically coupled 2D inorganic-graphene nanosheets are presented here in the exploration of novel heterogeneous functional materials, with an emphasis on their critical roles as hybridization building blocks, interstratified sheets, additives, substrates, and deposited monolayers. The great flexibility and controllability of the elemental compositions, defect structures, and surface natures of inorganic-graphene nanosheets provide valuable opportunities for exploring high-performance nanohybrids applicable as electrodes for supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, electrocatalysts, photocatalysts, and water purification agents, to give some examples. An outlook on future research perspectives for the exploitation of emerging 2D nanosheet-based hybrid materials is also presented along with novel synthetic strategies to maximize the synergetic advantage of atomically mixed 2D inorganic-graphene nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ha Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ju Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ji J, Chung Y, Hyun K, Chung KY, Kwon Y. Effect of axial ligand on the performance of hemin based catalysts and their use for fuel cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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3
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Samantaray MR, Mondal AK, Murugadoss G, Pitchaimuthu S, Das S, Bahru R, Mohamed MA. Synergetic Effects of Hybrid Carbon Nanostructured Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122779. [PMID: 32575516 PMCID: PMC7346093 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the structural and physicochemical properties of stable carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The research community has long sought to harvest highly efficient third-generation DSSCs by developing carbon-based CEs, which are among the most important components of DSSCs. Since the initial introduction of DSSCs, Pt-based electrodes have been commonly used as CEs owing to their high-electrocatalytic activities, thus, accelerating the redox couple at the electrode/electrolyte interface to complete the circuit. However, Pt-based electrodes have several limitations due to their cost, abundance, complicated facility, and low corrosion resistance in a liquid electrolyte, which further restricts the large-area applications of DSSCs. Although carbon-based nanostructures showed the best potential to replace Pt-CE of DSSC, several new properties and characteristics of carbon-CE have been reported for future enhancements in this field. In this review, we discuss the detailed synthesis, properties, and performances of various carbonaceous materials proposed for DSSC-CE. These nano-carbon materials include carbon nanoparticles, activated carbon, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotube, two-dimensional graphene, and hybrid carbon material composites. Among the CE materials currently available, carbon-carbon hybridized electrodes show the best performance efficiency (up to 10.05%) with a high fill factor (83%). Indeed, up to 8.23% improvements in cell efficiency may be achieved by a carbon-metal hybrid material under sun condition. This review then provides guidance on how to choose appropriate carbon nanomaterials to improve the performance of CEs used in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R. Samantaray
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India;
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Mondal
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (A.K.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Govindhasamy Murugadoss
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600119, India;
| | - Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu
- Multifunctional Photocatalyst and Coatings Group, SPECIFIC, Materials Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA1 8EN, UK;
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.A.M.); Tel.: +91-542-2368428 (S.D.); +603-8911-8558 (M.A.M.)
| | - Raihana Bahru
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (A.K.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (A.K.M.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.A.M.); Tel.: +91-542-2368428 (S.D.); +603-8911-8558 (M.A.M.)
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Ratul Kumar Biswas, Nemala SS, Mallick S. Platinum and Transparent Conducting Oxide Free Graphene-CNT Composite Based Counter-Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375519040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mousavi F, Shamsipur M, Taherpour A(A, Pashabadi A. A rhodium-decorated carbon nanotube cathode material in the dye-sensitized solar cell: Conversion efficiency reached to 11%. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Ou J, Xiang J, Liu J, Sun L. Surface-Supported Metal-Organic Framework Thin-Film-Derived Transparent CoS 1.097@N-Doped Carbon Film as an Efficient Counter Electrode for Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14862-14870. [PMID: 30933467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An effective design for counter electrode (CE) catalytic materials with superior catalytic activity, excellent stability, low cost, and a facile fabrication process is urgently needed for industrialization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Herein, we report a facile in situ method to fabricate transparent CoS1.097 anchored on an N-doped carbon film electrode through sulfurization of a cobalt-metalloporphyrin metal-organic framework thin film on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass. The transparent film as counter electrode in bifacial DSSCs exhibited higher power conversion efficiency (9.11% and 6.64%), respectively, from front and rear irradiation than that of Pt (8.04% and 5.87%). The uniformly dispersed CoS1.097 nanoparticles on an N-doped carbon film provide a large catalytic active area and facilitate the electron transfer, which leads to the excellent catalytic ability of the CoS1.097@N-doped carbon film. In addition, the in situ preparation of the uniform film with a nanosheet structure offers high electrical conductivity and unobstructed access for the diffusion of triiodide to available electroactive sites, resulting in excellent device performance with superior long-term stability over 1000 h under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Ou
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , 410083 Changsha , China
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Institute of Technology , 421002 Hengyang , China
| | - Juan Xiang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , 410083 Changsha , China
| | - Jinxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis , Dalian University of Technology , 116024 Dalian , China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis , Dalian University of Technology , 116024 Dalian , China
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 110044 Stockholm , Sweden
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7
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Kweon DH, Baek JB. Edge-Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets as Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804440. [PMID: 30537132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A scalable and low-cost production of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) is one of the most important challenges for their commercialization. A simple mechanochemical reaction has been developed and applied to prepare various edge-functionalized GnPs (EFGnPs). EFGnPs can be produced in a simple and ecofriendly manner by ball milling of graphite with target substances (X = nonmetals, halogens, semimetals, or metalloids). The unique feature of this method is its use of kinetic energy, which can generate active carbon species by unzipping of graphitic CC bonds in dry conditions (no solvent). The active carbon species efficiently pick up X substance(s), leading to the formation of graphitic CX bonds along the broken edges and the delamination of graphitic layers into EFGnPs. Unlike graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), the preparation of EFGnPs does not involve toxic chemicals, such as corrosive acids and toxic reducing agents. Furthermore, the prepared EFGnPs preserve high crystallinity in the basal area due to their edge-selective functionalization. Considering the available edge X groups that can be selectively employed, the potential applications of EFGnPs are unlimited. In this context, the synthesis, characterizations, and applications of EFGnPs, specifically, as metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in both cobalt and iodine electrolytes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyung Kweon
- Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
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8
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Hernández-Ferrer J, Ansón-Casaos A, Víctor-Román S, Sanahuja-Parejo O, Martínez MT, Villacampa B, Benito AM, Maser WK. Photoactivity improvement of TiO2 electrodes by thin hole transport layers of reduced graphene oxide. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Sharma K, Sharma V, Sharma SS. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Fundamentals and Current Status. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:381. [PMID: 30488132 PMCID: PMC6261913 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) belong to the group of thin-film solar cells which have been under extensive research for more than two decades due to their low cost, simple preparation methodology, low toxicity and ease of production. Still, there is lot of scope for the replacement of current DSSC materials due to their high cost, less abundance, and long-term stability. The efficiency of existing DSSCs reaches up to 12%, using Ru(II) dyes by optimizing material and structural properties which is still less than the efficiency offered by first- and second-generation solar cells, i.e., other thin-film solar cells and Si-based solar cells which offer ~ 20-30% efficiency. This article provides an in-depth review on DSSC construction, operating principle, key problems (low efficiency, low scalability, and low stability), prospective efficient materials, and finally a brief insight to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Sharma
- Department of Physics, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, 305004 India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - S. S. Sharma
- Department of Physics, Govt. Women Engineering College, Ajmer, 305002 India
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Sasi S, Sugunan SK, Radhakrishnan Nair P, Subramanian KRV, Mathew S. Scope of surface-modified molecular and nanomaterials in gel/liquid forms for developing mechanically flexible DSSCs/QDSSCs. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 18:15-29. [PMID: 30398278 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The advanced lifestyle of the human race involves heavy usage of various gadgets which require copious supplies of energy for uninterrupted functioning. Due to the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels and the accelerating demand for other energy resources, renewable energy sources, especially solar cells, are being extensively explored as viable alternatives. Flexible solar cells have recently emerged as an advanced member of the photovoltaic family; the flexibility and pliability of these photovoltaic materials are advantageous from a practical point of view. Conventional flexible solar cell materials, when dispersed in solvents, are usually volatile and create severe stability issues when incorporated in devices. Recently, non-volatile, less viscous functional molecular liquids/gels have been proposed as potential materials for use in foldable device applications. This perspective article discusses the scope of surface-modified non-volatile molecular and nanomaterials in liquid/gel forms in the manufacturing and deployment of flexible photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorya Sasi
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Sunish K Sugunan
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. and Department of Chemistry, CMS College (Autonomous) - affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - P Radhakrishnan Nair
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - K R V Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM University, Nagadenahalli, Dodballapur Taluk, Bengaluru 562103, India
| | - Suresh Mathew
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. and School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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11
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Jayaraman T, Murthy AP, Elakkiya V, Chandrasekaran S, Nithyadharseni P, Khan Z, Senthil RA, Shanker R, Raghavender M, Kuppusami P, Jagannathan M, Ashokkumar M. Recent development on carbon based heterostructures for their applications in energy and environment: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Incorporation of indium in TiO2-based photoanodes for enhancing the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Kumar S, Singh R, Mahajan A, Bedi R, Saxena V, Aswal D. Optimized reduction of graphite oxide for highly exfoliated silver nanoparticles anchored graphene sheets for dye sensitized solar cell applications. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Yuan Z, Xiao X, Li J, Zhao Z, Yu D, Li Q. Self-Assembled Graphene-Based Architectures and Their Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700626. [PMID: 29619311 PMCID: PMC5827106 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to unique planar structures and remarkable thermal, electronic, and mechanical properties, chemically modified graphenes (CMGs) such as graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, and the related derivatives are recognized as the attractive building blocks for "bottom-up" nanotechnology, while self-assembly of CMGs has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to construct advanced functional materials/systems based on graphene. By virtue of a variety of noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interaction, metal-to-ligand bonds, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions, and π-π interactions, the CMGs bearing various functional groups are highly desirable for the assemblies with themselves and a variety of organic and/or inorganic species which can yield various hierarchical nanostructures and macroscopic composites endowed with unique structures, properties, and functions for widespread technological applications such as electronics, optoelectronics, electrocatalysis/photocatalysis, environment, and energy storage and conversion. In this review, significant recent advances concerning the self-assembly of CMGs are summarized, and the broad applications of self-assembled graphene-based materials as well as some future opportunities and challenges in this vibrant area are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Xiaofen Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary ProgramKent State UniversityKentOH44242USA
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Raji Karunagaran J, Janakiraman M, Jonna N, Natesan B, Nallamuthu P. A PDDA functionalized nitrogen and sulphur doped graphene composite as the counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) functionalized nitrogen and sulphur doped graphene (SN-Gp) was synthesized as a Pt-free counter electrode (CE) for developing highly efficient and low cost dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Narendranath Jonna
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- AC Tech Campus
- Anna University
- Chennai 600 025
- India
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Jimenez MJM, Oliveira RF, Almeida TP, Ferreira RCH, Bufon CCB, Rodrigues V, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Gobbi ÂL, Piazzetta MHO, Riul A. Charge carrier transport in defective reduced graphene oxide as quantum dots and nanoplatelets in multilayer films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:495711. [PMID: 28985189 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa91c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a breakthrough 2D material due to its unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, with considerable responsiveness in real applications. However, the coverage of large areas with pristine graphene is a challenge and graphene derivatives have been alternatively exploited to produce hybrid and composite materials that allow for new developments, considering also the handling of large areas using distinct methodologies. For electronic applications there is significant interest in the investigation of the electrical properties of graphene derivatives and related composites to determine whether the characteristic 2D charge transport of pristine graphene is preserved. Here, we report a systematic study of the charge transport mechanisms of reduced graphene oxide chemically functionalized with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), named as GPSS. GPSS was produced either as quantum dots (QDs) or nanoplatelets (NPLs), being further nanostructured with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) through the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to produce graphene nanocomposites with molecular level control. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements indicated a meticulous growth of the LbL nanostructures onto gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), with a space-charge-limited current dominated by a Mott-variable range hopping mechanism. A 2D intra-planar conduction within the GPSS nanostructure was observed, which resulted in effective charge carrier mobility (μ) of 4.7 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the QDs and 34.7 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the NPLs. The LbL assemblies together with the dimension of the materials (QDs or NPLs) were favorably used for the fine tuning and control of the charge carrier mobility inside the LbL nanostructures. Such 2D charge conduction mechanism and high μ values inside an interlocked multilayered assembly containing graphene-based nanocomposites are of great interest for organic devices and functionalization of interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawin J M Jimenez
- Department of Applied Physics, 'Gleb Wataghin' Institute of Physics, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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17
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Recent Progress on the Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanostructures as Counter Electrodes in DSSCs Based on Iodine/Iodide Electrolytes. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7080234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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18
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Guo SQ, Wang LC, Zhang CG, Qi GC, Gu BC, Liu L, Yuan ZH. A unique semiconductor-carbon-metal hybrid structure design as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6837-6845. [PMID: 28497832 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00718c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of counter electrodes (CEs) severely restricts the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. However, electrons trapped by bulk defects greatly reduce the catalytic activity of the CE. In this study, we report a novel In2S3-C-Au hybrid structure designed by simply decorating Au particles on the surface of carbon-coated hierarchical In2S3 flower-like architectures, which could avoid the abovementioned problems. This effect can be attributed to the unique contribution of indium sulfide, carbon, and Au from the hybrid structure, as well as to their synergy. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the hybrid structure possessed high catalytic activity and electrochemical stability for the interconversion of the redox couple I3-/I-. Moreover, this superior performance can be incorporated into the dye-sensitized solar cells system. We used this hybrid structure as a counter electrode by casting it on an FTO substrate to form a film, which displayed better photovoltaic conversion efficiency (8.91%) than the commercial Pt counterpart (7.67%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qi Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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19
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Low-cost transparent graphene electrodes made by ultrasonic substrate vibration-assisted spray coating (SVASC) for thin film devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41127-017-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Jin J, Wei Z, Qiao X, Fan H, Cui L. Substrate-mediated growth of vanadium carbide with controllable structure as high performance electrocatalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
VC nanoparticles, from cuboctahedron to cubic, have been synthesized using graphene oxide as the nucleation and growth substrate. The energy conversion efficiency of the DSSCs with the VC-ch counter electrode reached 7.92%, comparable to Pt based CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutao Jin
- Dongguan University of Technology
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering
- China
| | - Zhiyang Wei
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Xiaochang Qiao
- Dongguan University of Technology
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering
- China
| | - Hongbo Fan
- Dongguan University of Technology
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering
- China
| | - Lifeng Cui
- Dongguan University of Technology
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering
- China
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Wu J, Lan Z, Lin J, Huang M, Huang Y, Fan L, Luo G, Lin Y, Xie Y, Wei Y. Counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5975-6023. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00752j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article panoramically reviews the counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, which is of great significance for the development of photovoltaic and photoelectric devices.
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Azimzadeh M, Nasirizadeh N, Rahaie M, Naderi-Manesh H. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using a biosensor based on electrochemically-reduced graphene oxide and gold nanowires for the quantification of serum microRNA-137. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum miR-137 is quantified for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease using a electrochemically reduced graphene oxide and gold nanowire modified electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center
- Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
- Yazd
- Iran
| | - Navid Nasirizadeh
- Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering
- Yazd Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Yazd
- Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahaie
- Department of Life Science Engineering
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology/Biophysics
- Faculty of Biological Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
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23
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Noorbakhsh A, Alnajar AIK. Antifouling properties of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for highly sensitive determination of insulin. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Lu L, Seenivasan R, Wang YC, Yu JH, Gunasekaran S. An Electrochemical Immunosensor for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Mycotoxins Fumonisin B1 and Deoxynivalenol. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Bai Y, Xu Y, Wang J, Gao M, Zhu J, Rehman WU. Electrochemically Prepared Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy- thiophene)/Polypyrrole Films with Hollow Micro-/Nanohorn Arrays as High-Efficiency Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Youlong Xu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Mingqi Gao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Wasif ur Rehman
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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26
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Rani A, Chung K, Kwon J, Kim SJ, Jang YH, Jang YJ, Quan LN, Yoon M, Park JH, Kim DH. Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Graphene Multilayers as Pt-Free Alternative Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11488-11498. [PMID: 27136200 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Low cost, charged, and large scale graphene multilayers fabricated from nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide N-rGO(+), nitrogen and sulfur codoped reduced graphene oxide NS-rGO(+), and undoped reduced graphene oxide rGO(-) were applied as alternative counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The neat rGO-based counter electrodes were developed via two types of layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly (SA) methods: spin coating and spray coating methods. In the spin coating method, two sets of multilayer films were fabricated on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using GO(-) combined with N-GO(+) followed by annealing and denoted as [rGO(-)/N-rGO(+)]n or with NS-GO(+) and denoted as [rGO(-)/NS-rGO(+)]n for counter electrodes in DSSCs. The DSSCs employing new types of counter electrodes exhibited ∼7.0% and ∼6.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE) based on ten bilayers of [rGO(-)/N-rGO(+)]10 and [rGO(-)/NS-rGO(+)]10, respectively. The DSSCs equipped with a blend of one bilayer of [rGO(-):N-rGO(+)] and [rGO(-):NS-rGO(+)] on PDDA-coated FTO substrates were prepared from a spray coating and showed ∼6.4% and ∼5.6% PCE, respectively. Thus, it was demonstrated that a combination of undoped, nitrogen-doped, and nitrogen and sulfur codoped reduced graphene oxides can be considered as potentially powerful Pt-free electrocatalysts and alternative electrodes in conventional photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Rani
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Kyungwha Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jeong Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University , 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung June Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University , 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Minji Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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27
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Sakthinathan S, Kubendhiran S, Chen SM, Manibalan K, Govindasamy M, Tamizhdurai P, Huang ST. Reduced Graphene Oxide Non-covalent Functionalized with Zinc Tetra Phenyl Porphyrin Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine in Human Serum and Rat Brain Samples. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Sakthinathan
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3; Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Subbiramaniyan Kubendhiran
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3; Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Shen Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3; Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Kesavan Manibalan
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3; Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Mani Govindasamy
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3; Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - P. Tamizhdurai
- National Centre For Catalysis Research (NCCR); Indian Institute of Technology; Chennai
| | - Sheng Tung Huang
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3; Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan (R.O.C)
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Sardar S, Ghosh S, Remita H, Kar P, Liu B, Bhattacharya C, Lemmens P, Pal SK. Enhanced photovoltage in DSSCs: synergistic combination of a silver modified TiO2 photoanode and a low cost counter electrode. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01863g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced photovoltage in the presence of silver modified TiO2 nanocomposites as a photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Sardar
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700 098
- India
| | - Srabanti Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700 098
- India
| | - Hynd Remita
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- 91405 Orsay
- France
| | - Prasenjit Kar
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700 098
- India
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Chinmoy Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Peter Lemmens
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology
- Braunschweig
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700 098
- India
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29
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Eskandari M, Ghahary R, Shokri M, Ahmadi V. Zinc oxide/copper sulfide nanorods as a highly catalytic counter electrode material for quantum dot sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper sulfide deposited ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs/CuS) were applied as a new counter electrode material with high electrocatalytic activity towards polysulfide electrolyte, for QDSSCs with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eskandari
- Nanotechnology Research Group
- Academic Center for Education
- Culture & Research (ACECR) on TMU
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Maedeh Shokri
- Department of Nanomaterial Engineering
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
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31
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Khan M, Al-Marri AH, Khan M, Shaik MR, Mohri N, Adil SF, Kuniyil M, Alkhathlan HZ, Al-Warthan A, Tremel W, Tahir MN, Siddiqui MRH. Green Approach for the Effective Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Salvadora persica L. Root (Miswak) Extract. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:987. [PMID: 26138452 PMCID: PMC4489966 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, green reduction of graphene oxide (GRO) using various natural materials, including plant extracts, has drawn significant attention among the scientific community. These methods are sustainable, low cost, and are more environmentally friendly than other standard methods of reduction. Herein, we report a facile and eco-friendly method for the bioreduction of GRO using Salvadora persica L. (S. persica L.) roots (miswak) extract as a bioreductant. The as-prepared highly reduced graphene oxide (SP-HRG) was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various results have confirmed that the biomolecules present in the root extract of miswak not only act as a bioreductant but also functionalize the surface of SP-HRG by acting as a capping ligand to stabilize it in water and other solvents. The dispersion quality of SP-HRG in deionized water was investigated in detail by preparing different samples of SP-HRG with increasing concentration of root extract. Furthermore, the dispersibility of SP-HRG was also compared with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRG). The developed eco-friendly method for the reduction of GRO could provide a better substitute for a large-scale production of dispersant-free graphene and graphene-based materials for various applications in both technological and biological fields such as electronics, nanomedicine, and bionic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Khan
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi H Al-Marri
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Merajuddin Khan
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nils Mohri
- />Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mufsir Kuniyil
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Z Alkhathlan
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- />Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- />Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohammed Rafiq H Siddiqui
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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32
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Xu Y, Gao M, Zhang G, Wang X, Li J, Wang S, Sang Y. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide with enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward tetracycline detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)60956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bi E, Chen H, Yang X, Ye F, Yin M, Han L. Fullerene-Structured MoSe2 Hollow Spheres Anchored on Highly Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as a Conductive Catalyst for Photovoltaic Applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13214. [PMID: 26279305 PMCID: PMC4538603 DOI: 10.1038/srep13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A conductive catalyst composed of fullerene-structured MoSe2 hollow spheres and highly nitrogen-doped graphene (HNG-MoSe2) was successfully synthesized via a wet chemical process. The small molecule diethylenetriamine, which was used during the process, served as a surfactant to stabilize the fullerene-structured MoSe2 hollow spheres and to provide a high content of nitrogen heteroatoms for graphene doping (ca. 12% N). The superior synergistic effect between the highly nitrogen-doped graphene and the high surface-to-volume ratio MoSe2 hollow spheres afforded the HNG-MoSe2 composite high conductivity and excellent catalytic activity as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel measurements. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) prepared with HNG-MoSe2 as a counter electrode exhibited a conversion efficiency of 10.01%, which was close to that of a DSSC with a Pt counter electrode (10.55%). The synergy between the composite materials and the resulting highly efficient catalysis provide benchmarks for preparing well-defined, graphene-based conductive catalysts for clean and sustainable energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Maoshu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Photovoltaic Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Batmunkh M, Biggs MJ, Shapter JG. Carbon Nanotubes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2963-2989. [PMID: 25864907 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As one type of emerging photovoltaic cell, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are an attractive potential source of renewable energy due to their eco-friendliness, ease of fabrication, and cost effectiveness. However, in DSSCs, the rarity and high cost of some electrode materials (transparent conducting oxide and platinum) and the inefficient performance caused by slow electron transport, poor light-harvesting efficiency, and significant charge recombination are critical issues. Recent research has shown that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates to overcome these issues due to their unique electrical, optical, chemical, physical, as well as catalytic properties. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research that has focused on the application of CNTs and their hybrids in transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs), in semiconducting layers, and in counter electrodes of DSSCs. At the end of this review, some important research directions for the future use of CNTs in DSSCs are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Mark J Biggs
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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Seo SH, Jeong EJ, Han JT, Kang HC, Cha SI, Lee DY, Lee GW. Efficient low-temperature transparent electrocatalytic layers based on graphene oxide nanosheets for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10863-10871. [PMID: 25945810 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic materials with a porous structure have been fabricated on glass substrates, via high-temperature fabrication, for application as alternatives to platinum in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Efficient, nonporous, nanometer-thick electrocatalytic layers based on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were prepared on plastic substrates using electrochemical control at low temperatures of ≤100 °C. Single-layer, oxygen-rich GO nanosheets prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates were electrochemically deoxygenated in acidic medium within a narrow scan range in order to obtain marginally reduced GO at minimum expense of the oxygen groups. The resulting electrochemically reduced GO (E-RGO) had a high density of residual alcohol groups with high electrocatalytic activity toward the positively charged cobalt-complex redox mediators used in DSCs. The ultrathin, alcohol-rich E-RGO layer on ITO-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) was successfully applied as a lightweight, low-temperature counter electrode with an extremely high optical transmittance of ∼97.7% at 550 nm. A cobalt(II/III)-mediated DSC employing the highly transparent, alcohol-rich E-RGO electrode exhibited a photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of 5.07%. This is superior to that obtained with conventionally reduced GO using hydrazine (3.94%) and even similar to that obtained with platinum (5.10%). This is the first report of a highly transparent planar electrocatalytic layer based on carbonaceous materials fabricated on ITO plastics for application in DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hee Seo
- †Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Jeong
- †Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120, Korea
- ‡Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Joong Tark Han
- †Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Hyon Chol Kang
- ‡Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Seung I Cha
- †Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Lee
- †Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Geon-Woong Lee
- †Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120, Korea
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Balasingam SK, Jun Y. Recent Progress on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Counter Electrodes for Cost-Effective Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim WR, Park H, Choi WY. Conical islands of TiO2 nanotube arrays in the photoelectrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:63. [PMID: 25852360 PMCID: PMC4384997 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ti conical island structures were fabricated using photolithography and the reactive ion etching method. The resulting conical island structures were anodized in ethylene glycol solution containing 0.25 wt% NH4F and 2 vol% H2O, and conical islands composed of TiO2 nanotubes were successfully formed on the Ti foils. The conical islands composed of TiO2 nanotubes were employed in photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). DSC photoelectrodes based on planar Ti structures covered with TiO2 nanotubes were also fabricated as a reference. The short-circuit current (J sc) and efficiency of DSCs based on the conical island structures were higher than those of the reference samples. The efficiency of DSCs based on the conical island structures reached up to 1.866%. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open-circuit voltage (V oc) decay measurements, DSCs based on the conical island structures exhibited a lower charge transfer resistance at the counter cathode and a longer electron lifetime at the interface of the photoelectrode and electrolyte compared to the reference samples. The conical island structure was very effective at improving performances of DSCs based on TiO2 nanotubes. Graphical AbstractConical islands of TiO2 nanotube arrays are fabricated by an anodizing process with Ti protruding dots which have a conical shape. The conical islands are applied for use in DSC photoelectrodes. DSCs based on the conical islands of TiO2 nanotube arrays have the potential to achieve higher efficiency levels compared to DSCs based on normal TiO2 nanotubes and TiO2 nanoparticles because the conical islands of TiO2 nanotube arrays enlarge the surface area for dye adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Rae Kim
- />Department of Metal and Materials Engineering, Gangneung-wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-720 South Korea
| | - Hun Park
- />Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Seoul, 130-741 South Korea
| | - Won-Youl Choi
- />Department of Metal and Materials Engineering, Gangneung-wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-720 South Korea
- />Research Institute for Dental Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-720 South Korea
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38
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Molecularly engineered graphene surfaces for sensing applications: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 859:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rao SS, Durga IK, Tulasi-Varma CV, Punnoose D, Cheol LJ, Kim HJ. The synthesis and characterization of lead sulfide with cube-like structure as a counter electrode in the presence of urea using a hydrothermal method. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PbS counter electrodes at different concentrations of urea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dinah Punnoose
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-609 735
- South Korea
| | - Lee Jae Cheol
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-609 735
- South Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-609 735
- South Korea
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40
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Abstract
This review summarizes the latest research for exploiting the flexible electronic applications of inorganic nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures
- Institute of Semiconductor
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures
- Institute of Semiconductor
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures
- Institute of Semiconductor
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
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41
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Jeena SE, Gnanaprakasam P, Dakshinamurthy A, Selvaraju T. Tuning the direct growth of Agseeds into bimetallic Ag@Cu nanorods on surface functionalized electrochemically reduced graphene oxide: enhanced nitrite detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05730b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant challenges in the growth of 1D nanostructure on reduced graphene oxide surface were addressed. It enabled the electrooxidation of the nitrite ion (NO2−) with high sensitivity and good detection limit of 1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Jeena
- Department of Chemistry
- Karunya University
- Coimbatore 641114
- India
| | | | - Arun Dakshinamurthy
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Karunya University
- Coimbatore 64114
- India
| | - T. Selvaraju
- Department of Chemistry
- Karunya University
- Coimbatore 641114
- India
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42
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Liu Z, Lau SP, Yan F. Functionalized graphene and other two-dimensional materials for photovoltaic devices: device design and processing. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5638-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
2D materials have been successfully used in various types of solar cells as transparent electrodes, interfacial and active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Liu
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
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43
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Yang LN, Li SC, Li ZS, Li QS. Molecular engineering of quinoxaline dyes toward more efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N-annulated perylene-containing quinoxaline sensitizer (NIQ4) displays remarkable performance in light harvesting, electron injection, and dye regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Shi-Cheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
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44
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Adpakpang K, Oh SM, Jin X, Hwang SJ. A Direct Hybridization between Isocharged Nanosheets of Layered Metal Oxide and Graphene through a Surface-Modification Assembly Process. Chemistry 2014; 20:15459-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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Zhang Y, Yuan S, Liu W. Inverted organic solar cells employing RGO/TiO x composite films as electron transport layers. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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47
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Kavan L, Yum JH, Graetzel M. Graphene-based cathodes for liquid-junction dye sensitized solar cells: Electrocatalytic and mass transport effects. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Zhang B, Xu X, Zhang X, Huang D, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhan F, Deng M, He Y, Chen W, Shen Y, Wang M. Investigation of Dye Regeneration Kinetics in Sensitized Solar Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1182-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Wang X, Sun G, Routh P, Kim DH, Huang W, Chen P. Heteroatom-doped graphene materials: syntheses, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7067-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1297] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom doping endows graphene with new or improved properties and greatly enhances its potential for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Parimal Routh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio-Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
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50
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Bikkarolla SK, Cumpson P, Joseph P, Papakonstantinou P. Oxygen reduction reaction by electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. Faraday Discuss 2014; 173:415-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that a partially reduced graphene oxide electrocatalyst, synthesized by electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO), displays significantly enhanced catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solutions compared to the starting GO. The electrochemical partial reduction of GO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) verified the enhanced electron transfer ability of the electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) compared to GO. The resultant ErGO electrode showed enhanced capacitance and an ORR onset potential of −0.11 V vs. Ag/AgCl, similar to that of a nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) electrode produced by a hydrothermal process. However the ErGO exhibited considerably lower electron transfer numbers (2.0–3.3 at a potential range of −0.4 V to −1.0 V) indicating that although both catalysts operate under combined 4e− and 2e− ORR processes, ErGO follows a more predominant 2e− pathway. The ORR process in ErGO has been linked to the presence of quinone functional groups, which favour the 2e− ORR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Cumpson
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering
- University of Newcastle
- Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Paul Joseph
- School of the Built Environment
- University of Ulster
- Newtownabbey, UK
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