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Xing J, Zhang YR, Liu S, Chang YC, Yue JD, Fan H, Pan XY. Experimental investigation of quantum entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements in pure diamond. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2563. [PMID: 28566731 PMCID: PMC5451481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One unique feature of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that the outcomes of two incompatible measurements cannot simultaneously achieve arbitrary precision. In an information-theoretic context of quantum information, the uncertainty principle can be formulated as entropic uncertainty relations with two measurements for a quantum bit (qubit) in two-dimensional system. New entropic uncertainty relations are studied for a higher-dimensional quantum state with multiple measurements, and the uncertainty bounds can be tighter than that expected from two measurements settings and cannot result from qubits system with or without a quantum memory. Here we report the first room-temperature experimental testing of the entropic uncertainty relations with three measurements in a natural three-dimensional solid-state system: the nitrogen-vacancy center in pure diamond. The experimental results confirm the entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements. Our result represents a more precise demonstrating of the fundamental uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shang Liu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan-Chun Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie-Dong Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100190, Beijing, China.
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Wang WB, Zu C, He L, Zhang WG, Duan LM. Memory-built-in quantum cloning in a hybrid solid-state spin register. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12203. [PMID: 26178617 PMCID: PMC4503958 DOI: 10.1038/srep12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a way to circumvent the quantum no-cloning theorem, approximate quantum cloning protocols have received wide attention with remarkable applications. Copying of quantum states to memory qubits provides an important strategy for eavesdropping in quantum cryptography. We report an experiment that realizes cloning of quantum states from an electron spin to a nuclear spin in a hybrid solid-state spin register with near-optimal fidelity. The nuclear spin provides an ideal memory qubit at room temperature, which stores the cloned quantum states for a millisecond under ambient conditions, exceeding the lifetime of the original quantum state carried by the electron spin by orders of magnitude. The realization of a cloning machine with built-in quantum memory provides a key step for application of quantum cloning in quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-B Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - C Zu
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - L He
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - W-G Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - L-M Duan
- 1] Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China [2] Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Liu GQ, Zhang YR, Chang YC, Yue JD, Fan H, Pan XY. Demonstration of entanglement-enhanced phase estimation in solid. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6726. [PMID: 25832364 PMCID: PMC4396365 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise parameter estimation plays a central role in science and technology. The statistical error in estimation can be decreased by repeating measurement, leading to that the resultant uncertainty of the estimated parameter is proportional to the square root of the number of repetitions in accordance with the central limit theorem. Quantum parameter estimation, an emerging field of quantum technology, aims to use quantum resources to yield higher statistical precision than classical approaches. Here we report the first room-temperature implementation of entanglement-enhanced phase estimation in a solid-state system: the nitrogen-vacancy centre in pure diamond. We demonstrate a super-resolving phase measurement with two entangled qubits of different physical realizations: an nitrogen-vacancy centre electron spin and a proximal (13)C nuclear spin. The experimental data shows clearly the uncertainty reduction when entanglement resource is used, confirming the theoretical expectation. Our results represent an elemental demonstration of enhancement of quantum metrology against classical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Qin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan-Chun Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie-Dong Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Heng Fan
- 1] Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin-Yu Pan
- 1] Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, China
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