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Urrego DF, Torres JP. Quantum-inspired protocol for measuring the degree of similarity between spatial shapes. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:C126-C132. [PMID: 36520749 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.473213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We put forward and demonstrate experimentally a quantum-inspired protocol that allows us to quantify the degree of similarity between two spatial shapes embedded in two optical beams without the need to measure the amplitude and phase across each beam. Instead the sought-after information can be retrieved by measuring the degree of polarization of the combined optical beam, a measurement that is much easier to implement experimentally. The protocol makes use of non-separable optical beams, whose main trait is that different degrees of freedom (polarization and spatial shape here) cannot be described independently. One important characteristic of the method described is that it allows us to compare two unknown spatial shapes.
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2
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Hayama K, Cao B, Okamoto R, Suezawa S, Okano M, Takeuchi S. High-depth-resolution imaging of dispersive samples using quantum optical coherence tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4949-4952. [PMID: 36181158 DOI: 10.1364/ol.469874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) is a promising approach to overcome the degradation of the resolution in optical coherence tomography (OCT) due to dispersion. Here, we report on an experimental demonstration of QOCT imaging in the high-resolution regime. We achieved a depth resolution of 2.5 μm, which is the highest value for QOCT imaging, to the best of our knowledge. We show that the QOCT image of a dispersive material remains clear whereas the OCT image is drastically degraded.
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3
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Anwar A, Perumangatt C, Steinlechner F, Jennewein T, Ling A. Entangled photon-pair sources based on three-wave mixing in bulk crystals. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:041101. [PMID: 34243479 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon pairs are a critical resource in quantum communication protocols ranging from quantum key distribution to teleportation. The current workhorse technique for producing photon pairs is via spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in bulk nonlinear crystals. The increased prominence of quantum networks has led to a growing interest in deployable high performance entangled photon-pair sources. This manuscript provides a review of the state-of-the-art bulk-optics-based SPDC sources with continuous wave pump and discusses some of the main considerations when building for deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Anwar
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chithrabhanu Perumangatt
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Steinlechner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Jennewein
- Institute of Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Ling
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
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Bouchard F, Sit A, Zhang Y, Fickler R, Miatto FM, Yao Y, Sciarrino F, Karimi E. Two-photon interference: the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:012402. [PMID: 33232945 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abcd7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 30 years ago, two-photon interference was observed, marking the beginning of a new quantum era. Indeed, two-photon interference has no classical analogue, giving it a distinct advantage for a range of applications. The peculiarities of quantum physics may now be used to our advantage to outperform classical computations, securely communicate information, simulate highly complex physical systems and increase the sensitivity of precise measurements. This separation from classical to quantum physics has motivated physicists to study two-particle interference for both fermionic and bosonic quantum objects. So far, two-particle interference has been observed with massive particles, among others, such as electrons and atoms, in addition to plasmons, demonstrating the extent of this effect to larger and more complex quantum systems. A wide array of novel applications to this quantum effect is to be expected in the future. This review will thus cover the progress and applications of two-photon (two-particle) interference over the last three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bouchard
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alicia Sit
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Robert Fickler
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Filippo M Miatto
- Télécom Paris, LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 19 Place Marguerite Peray, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Yuan Yao
- Télécom Paris, LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 19 Place Marguerite Peray, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Urrego DF, Lopez-Mago D, Vicuña-Hernández V, Torres JP. Quantum-inspired Fredkin gate based on spatial modes of light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:12661-12674. [PMID: 32403759 DOI: 10.1364/oe.384654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insights gained from quantum physics can inspire novel classical technologies. These quantum-inspired technologies are protocols that aim at mimicking particular features of quantum algorithms. They are generally easier to implement and make use of intense beams. Here we demonstrate in a proof-of-concept experiment a quantum-inspired protocol based on the idea of quantum fingerprinting (Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 167902, 2001).The carriers of information are optical beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM). These beams allow the implementation of a Fredkin gate or polarization-controlled SWAP operation that exchanges data encoded on beams with different OAM. We measure the degree of similarity between waveforms and strings of bits without unveiling the information content of the data.
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Graciano PY, Martínez AMA, Lopez-Mago D, Castro-Olvera G, Rosete-Aguilar M, Garduño-Mejía J, Alarcón RR, Ramírez HC, U'Ren AB. Interference effects in quantum-optical coherence tomography using spectrally engineered photon pairs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8954. [PMID: 31222097 PMCID: PMC6586797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical-coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique that employs light in order to measure the internal structure of semitransparent, e.g. biological, samples. It is based on the interference pattern of low-coherence light. Quantum-OCT (QOCT), instead, employs the correlation properties of entangled photon pairs, for example, generated by the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). The usual QOCT scheme uses photon pairs characterised by a joint-spectral amplitude with strict spectral anti-correlations. It has been shown that, in contrast with its classical counterpart, QOCT provides resolution enhancement and dispersion cancellation. In this paper, we revisit the theory of QOCT and extend the theoretical model so as to include photon pairs with arbitrary spectral correlations. We present experimental results that complement the theory and explain the physical underpinnings appearing in the interference pattern. In our experiment, we utilize a pump for the SPDC process ranging from continuous wave to pulsed in the femtosecond regime, and show that cross-correlation interference effects appearing for each pair of layers may be directly suppressed for a sufficiently large pump bandwidth. Our results provide insights and strategies that could guide practical implementations of QOCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yepiz Graciano
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alí Michel Angulo Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Dorilian Lopez-Mago
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., 64849, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Castro-Olvera
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Rosete-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Garduño-Mejía
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Ramírez Alarcón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Héctor Cruz Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfred B U'Ren
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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Lyons A, Knee GC, Bolduc E, Roger T, Leach J, Gauger EM, Faccio D. Attosecond-resolution Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap9416. [PMID: 29736414 PMCID: PMC5935478 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When two indistinguishable photons are each incident on separate input ports of a beamsplitter, they "bunch" deterministically, exiting via the same port as a direct consequence of their bosonic nature. This two-photon interference effect has long-held the potential for application in precision measurement of time delays, such as those induced by transparent specimens with unknown thickness profiles. However, the technique has never achieved resolutions significantly better than the few-femtosecond (micrometer) scale other than in a common-path geometry that severely limits applications. We develop the precision of Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry toward the ultimate limits dictated by statistical estimation theory, achieving few-attosecond (or nanometer path length) scale resolutions in a dual-arm geometry, thus providing access to length scales pertinent to cell biology and monoatomic layer two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lyons
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - George C. Knee
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Eliot Bolduc
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Thomas Roger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jonathan Leach
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Kaiser F, Vergyris P, Aktas D, Babin C, Labonté L, Tanzilli S. Quantum enhancement of accuracy and precision in optical interferometry. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17163. [PMID: 30839519 PMCID: PMC6060044 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White-light interferometry is one of today's most precise tools for determining the properties of optical materials. Its achievable precision and accuracy are typically limited by systematic errors due to a high number of interdependent data-fitting parameters. Here, we introduce spectrally resolved quantum white-light interferometry as a novel tool for optical property measurements, notably, chromatic dispersion in optical fibres. By exploiting both spectral and photon-number correlations of energy-time entangled photon pairs, the number of fitting parameters is significantly reduced, which eliminates systematic errors and leads to an absolute determination of the material parameter. By comparing the quantum method to state-of-the-art approaches, we demonstrate the quantum advantage of 2.4 times better measurement precision, despite requiring 62 times fewer photons. The improved results are due to conceptual advantages enabled by quantum optics, which are likely to define new standards in experimental methods for characterising optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kaiser
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Nice 06108, France
- Now at 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Now at Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Vergyris
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Nice 06108, France
| | - Djeylan Aktas
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Nice 06108, France
| | - Charles Babin
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Nice 06108, France
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Laurent Labonté
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Nice 06108, France
| | - Sébastien Tanzilli
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Nice 06108, France
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9
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Ogawa K, Kitano M. Classical realization of dispersion-canceled, artifact-free, and background-free optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:8280-8289. [PMID: 27137266 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.008280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-optical coherence tomography (Q-OCT) provides a dispersion-canceled axial-imaging method, but its practical use is limited by the weakness of the light source and by artifacts in the images. A recent study using chirped-pulse interferometry (CPI) has demonstrated dispersion-canceled and artifact-free OCT with a classical system; however, unwanted background signals still remain after removing the artifacts. Here, we propose a classical optical method that realizes dispersion-canceled, artifact-free, and background-free OCT. We employ a time-reversed system for Q-OCT with transform-limited input laser pulses to achieve dispersion-canceled OCT with a classical system. We have also introduced a subtraction method to remove artifacts and background signals. With these methods, we experimentally demonstrated dispersion-canceled, artifact-free, and background-free axial imaging of a coverglass and cross-sectional imaging of the surface of a coin.
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10
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Ryczkowski P, Turunen J, Friberg AT, Genty G. Experimental Demonstration of Spectral Intensity Optical Coherence Tomography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22126. [PMID: 26916668 PMCID: PMC4768261 DOI: 10.1038/srep22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally spectral-domain intensity optical coherence tomography using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with balanced detection. We show that the technique allows for a point spread function with reduced full-width at half maximum compared to conventional optical coherence tomography. The method further provides benefits similar to those of chirped-pulse interferometry in terms of dispersion cancellation but only requires a broadband incoherent source and standard detectors. The measurements are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. Finally, we propose an approach that enables the elimination of potential artefacts arising from multiple interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ryczkowski
- Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Turunen
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ari T Friberg
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Goëry Genty
- Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, 33720 Tampere, Finland
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Shirai T, Friberg AT. Intensity-interferometric spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with dispersion cancellation. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2014; 31:258-63. [PMID: 24562023 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a technique for cancelling group-velocity dispersion in spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) based on classical intensity correlations. As a classical analogue of quantum OCT, a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer is combined with a conventional SD-OCT setup, and correlations between different spectral intensities are calculated. It is shown theoretically that a simple computational procedure used in SD-OCT enables scanless cross-sectional imaging with both dispersion cancellation and a factor-of-√2 resolution enhancement. The method involves no ultrafast detectors and works with common light sources.
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Donohue JM, Agnew M, Lavoie J, Resch KJ. Coherent ultrafast measurement of time-bin encoded photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:153602. [PMID: 24160599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Time-bin encoding is a robust form of optical quantum information, especially for transmission in optical fibers. To readout the information, the separation of the time bins must be larger than the detector time resolution, typically on the order of nanoseconds for photon counters. In the present work, we demonstrate a technique using a nonlinear interaction between chirped entangled time-bin photons and shaped laser pulses to perform projective measurements on arbitrary time-bin states with picosecond-scale separations. We demonstrate a tomographically complete set of time-bin qubit projective measurements and show the fidelity of operations is sufficiently high to violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-Bell inequality by more than 6 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Donohue
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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