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Agnew M, Cadmus-Bertram L, Kwekkeboom K, Gorzelitz J, Ruzicka M, Gangnon R, Andersen SW. "There is no expiration date": a qualitative analysis using the Social Cognitive Theory to identify factors influencing physical activity among adults living with advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:242. [PMID: 38514490 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify cognitive, behavioral, environmental, and other factors that influence physical activity in adults with advanced cancer using qualitative, semi-structured interviews. METHODS Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults living with stage IV breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer; or multiple myeloma recruited from the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center. We used the Social Cognitive Theory to design the interview guide and a reflexive thematic approach for analysis. RESULTS Participants were 62 years old on average and currently receiving treatment. Despite reporting numerous barriers to physical activity, most participants discussed engaging in some physical activity. Participants reported difficulties coping with changes in physical functioning especially due to fatigue, weakness, neuropathy, and pain. While cold weather was seen as a deterrent for activity, access to sidewalks was a commonly reported feature of neighborhood conduciveness for physical activity. Regardless of current activity levels, adults with advanced cancer were interested in engaging in activities to meet their goals of gaining strength and maintaining independence. Having a conversation with a provider from their cancer care team about physical activity was seen as encouraging for pursuing some activity. CONCLUSIONS Adults living with advanced cancer are interested in pursuing activity to gain strength and maintain independence despite reported barriers to physical activity. To ensure patients are encouraged to be active, accessible resources, targeted referrals, and interventions designed to address their goals are critical next steps. RELEVANCE Integrating conversations about physical activity into oncology care for adults living with advanced cancer is an important next step to encourage patients to remain active and help them improve strength and maintain quality of life and independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Agnew
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, 610 Walnut St #707, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
| | - Lisa Cadmus-Bertram
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kristine Kwekkeboom
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Madison, 701 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jessica Gorzelitz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, 225 E Market St, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Marla Ruzicka
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, 610 Walnut St #707, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, 610 Walnut St #707, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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Xu W, Agnew M, Kamis C, Schultz A, Salas S, Malecki K, Engelman M. Constructing Residential Histories in a General Population-Based Representative Sample. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:348-359. [PMID: 37715463 PMCID: PMC10840075 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on neighborhoods and health typically measures neighborhood context at a single point in time. However, neighborhood exposures accumulate over the life course, influenced by both residential mobility and neighborhood change, with potential implications for estimating the impact of neighborhoods on health. Commercial databases offer fine-grained longitudinal residential address data that can enrich life-course spatial epidemiology research, and validated methods for reconstructing residential histories from these databases are needed. Our study draws on unique data from a geographically diverse, population-based representative sample of adult Wisconsin residents and the LexisNexis (New York, New York) Accurint, a commercial personal profile database, to develop a systematic and reliable methodology for constructing individual residential histories. Our analysis demonstrated that creating residential histories across diverse geographical contexts is feasible, and it highlights differences in the information obtained from available residential histories by age, education, race/ethnicity, and rural/urban/suburban residency. Researchers should consider potential address data availability and information biases favoring socioeconomically advantaged individuals and their implications for studying health inequalities. Despite these limitations, LexisNexis data can generate varied residential exposure metrics and be linked to contextual data to enrich research into the contextual determinants of health at varied geographic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Correspondence to Dr. Wei Xu, Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 (e-mail: )
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Cadmus-Bertram L, Solk P, Agnew M, Starikovsky J, Schmidt C, Morelli WA, Hodgson V, Freeman H, Muller L, Mishory A, Naxi S, Carden L, Tevaarwerk AJ, Wolter M, Barber E, Spencer R, Sesto ME, Gradishar W, Gangnon R, Spring B, Nahum-Shani I, Phillips SM. A multi-site trial of an electronic health integrated physical activity promotion intervention in breast and endometrial cancers survivors: MyActivity study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 130:107187. [PMID: 37086916 PMCID: PMC10413251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the known benefits of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for breast and endometrial cancer survivors, most are insufficiently active, interventions response is heterogeneous, and MVPA programming integration into cancer care is limited. A stepped care approach, in which the least resource-intensive intervention is delivered first and additional components are added based on individual response, is one strategy to enhance uptake of physical activity programming. However, the most effective intervention augmentation strategies are unknown. In this singly randomized trial of post-treatment, inactive breast and endometrial cancer survivors (n = 323), participants receive a minimal intervention including a Fitbit linked with their clinic's patient portal and, in turn, the electronic health record (EHR) with weekly feedback delivered via the portal. MVPA progress summaries are sent to participants' oncology team via the EHR. MVPA adherence is evaluated at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks; non-responders (those meeting ≤80% of the MVPA goal over previous 4 weeks) at each timepoint are randomized once for the remainder of the 24-week intervention to one of two "step-up" conditions: (1) online gym or (2) coaching calls, while responders continue with the minimal Fitbit+EHR intervention. The primary outcome is ActiGraph-measured MVPA at 24 and 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes include symptom burden and functional performance at 24 and 48 weeks. This trial will inform development of an effective, scalable, and tailored intervention for survivors by identifying non-responders and providing them with the intervention augmentations necessary to increase MVPA and improve health outcomes. Clinical Trials Registration # NCT04262180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cadmus-Bertram
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Kinesiology, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Payton Solk
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Megan Agnew
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Kinesiology, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Julia Starikovsky
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Christian Schmidt
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Kinesiology, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Whitney A Morelli
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Hodgson
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Kinesiology, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Hannah Freeman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Laura Muller
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Kinesiology, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Abby Mishory
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sondra Naxi
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Kinesiology, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Lillian Carden
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Amye J Tevaarwerk
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Melanie Wolter
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Emma Barber
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ryan Spencer
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Mary E Sesto
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - William Gradishar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Population Health Sciences and Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Spring
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Siobhan M Phillips
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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Agnew M, Bea MD, Friedline T. Payday lenders and premature mortality. Front Public Health 2022; 10:993585. [PMID: 36330114 PMCID: PMC9623148 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.993585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationships between debt and poor health are worrisome as access to expensive credit expands and population health worsens along certain metrics. We focus on payday lenders as one type of expensive credit and investigate the spatial relationships between lender storefronts and premature mortality rates. We combine causes of death data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and payday lender locations at the county-level in the United States between 2000 and 2017. After accounting for county socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, the local presence of payday lenders is associated with an increased incidence risk of all-cause and specific-cause premature mortality. State regulations may attenuate these relationships, which provides insights on policy strategies to mitigate health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Agnew
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Megan Doherty Bea
- Department of Consumer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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5
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Realini CE, Pavan E, Purchas RW, Agnew M, Johnson PL, Bermingham EN, Moon CD. Relationships between intramuscular fat percentage and fatty acid composition in M. longissimus lumborum of pasture-finished lambs in New Zealand. Meat Sci 2021; 181:108618. [PMID: 34242892 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports relationships between fatty acids (FAs) and intramuscular fat (IMF)% in M. longissimus lumborum samples from 108 pasture-fed ewe lambs. Samples ranged in IMF from 1 to 6%. Relationships between %FA with total IMF% were mainly linear with percentages of saturated and monounsaturated FAs (MUFA), including trans-FAs, increasing and polyunsaturated FAs decreasing as IMF% increased. Normalized FA content data at 5.5% relative to 1.5% IMF, showed the highest relative increase for C14:0 as rates of endogenous synthesis increase with higher IMF deposition. This can be related to enhanced C12:0 elongation and lower rates of C14:0 desaturation, supported by a preferential desaturation of C18:1 trans-11 and C18:0 compared with C14:0 and C16:0 as IMF increased. The greatest normalized increase after C14:0 was anteisoC17:0 followed by other branched chain FAs and then trans-MUFA and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11. Finally, C22:6 and C22:5 showed higher relative increase than C20:5 indicating greater rates of elongation and desaturation past C20:5 at higher levels of fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Realini
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - E Pavan
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R W Purchas
- 16 Clifton Terrace, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M Agnew
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P L Johnson
- AgResearch Invermay, Puddle Alley, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - E N Bermingham
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C D Moon
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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6
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Realini CE, Pavan E, Johnson PL, Font-I-Furnols M, Jacob N, Agnew M, Craigie CR, Moon CD. Consumer liking of M. longissimus lumborum from New Zealand pasture-finished lamb is influenced by intramuscular fat. Meat Sci 2020; 173:108380. [PMID: 33288363 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Palatability of meat is known to be affected by intramuscular fat (IMF), but the effect in relatively low-fat New Zealand lamb is unknown. This study evaluated the eating quality of 108 loins (M. longissimus lumborum) from a single flock of ewe-lambs. Loins ranged from 1.09-5.68% IMF and were stratified into 6 groups: 1.65, 2.12, 2.65, 3.20, 3.58 and 4.40%. Consumers' (n = 165) overall liking of lamb increased significantly at around 3% IMF, achieving maximum scores at 4% IMF. One consumer cluster (n = 111) showed a linear increase in overall liking with increasing IMF%, regarded as 'IMF lovers: the more the better', while a second cluster (n = 54) preferred 2.5-3.5% IMF, described as 'IMF optimizers: just the right amount'. IMF% was modestly correlated (~ + 0.25) with all sensory attributes except juiciness. Liking scores were modestly correlated with monounsaturated (~ + 0.25) and polyunsaturated (~ - 0.20) fatty acids. Results suggest aiming for IMF% levels in New Zealand lamb beyond 3% to maximize eating quality for premium markets in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Realini
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
| | - E Pavan
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - P L Johnson
- AgResearch Invermay, Puddle Alley, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - M Font-I-Furnols
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - N Jacob
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - M Agnew
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - C R Craigie
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - C D Moon
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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Yazel-Smith L, El-Mikati HK, Adjei M, Haberlin-Pittz KM, Agnew M, Hannon TS. Integrating Diabetes Prevention Education Among Teenagers Involved in Summer Employment: Encouraging Environments for Health in Adolescence (ENHANCE). J Community Health 2020; 45:856-861. [PMID: 32146639 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth is a growing healthcare and public health concern. It is costly, and youth suffer from disabling and deadly comorbid conditions at a faster pace than adult onset. However, T2D is preventable. The population of obese youth at greatest risk for T2D is of minority race/ethnicity and socioeconomically disadvantaged background, which creates barriers to health promoting lifestyles. Despite being the first line of prevention efforts for T2D, efficacious behavioral lifestyle interventions are still lacking at the community level. During the summers of 2016 and 2017, a study integrated obesity and diabetes prevention health education into TeenWorks summer employment program at Indy Urban Acres in Indianapolis, Indiana. Results were analyzed using paired sample t-tests. Participants (N = 168) had a mean age of 15.8 ± 0.7 years, 61% female, 13% Hispanic, 80% Black. By the end of the intervention, physical activity (p = 0.000) and prevention knowledge (p = 0.000) were significantly higher. Dietary intake (p = 0.204), self-efficacy (p = 0.58), food insecurity (p = 0.058) and depression screening scores (p = 0.809) were not significantly different. In light of the continuing childhood obesity epidemic and increasing prevalence of prediabetes and T2D in youth, there is a pressing need to understand and reduce barriers to obesity and diabetes prevention in high-risk populations. This study demonstrated the feasibility of integrating obesity and T2D prevention health education into a teen summer employment program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yazel-Smith
- Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Hala K El-Mikati
- Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michael Adjei
- Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kathryn M Haberlin-Pittz
- Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Megan Agnew
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Warf Office Building, 610 Walnut Suite 707, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Tamara S Hannon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Ball BA, El-Sheikh Ali H, Scoggin KE, Riddle WT, Schnobrich M, Bradekamp E, Agnew M, Squires EL, Troedsson MHT. Relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone and fertility in the mare. Theriogenology 2018; 125:335-341. [PMID: 30508805 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate; 1) the stability of measured serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in samples after multiple freeze-thaw cycles, 2) the repeatability of AMH concentrations within mares during the same breeding season as well as across breeding seasons, and 3) the relationship between serum AMH concentrations and fertility (measured as first cycle pregnancy rates) in thoroughbred mares. For the first aim, AMH concentrations (n = 9) were examined across four freeze-thaw cycles with no significant change in measured AMH concentrations. For the second aim, serum AMH concentrations (n = 12) were examined over three successive estrous cycles and over two successive breeding seasons and AMH levels were significantly correlated for individual animals within (r; 0.71-82) or across breeding seasons (r = 0.81). For the third aim, Thoroughbred mares (n = 419) on farms in central Kentucky had blood samples taken during estrus. Pregnancy was determined with transrectal ultrasonography at Days 13-18 after mating and ovulation, and pregnancy outcome was recorded as open, pregnant or twins. The relationships between mare age, serum AMH concentrations and the interaction of age and AMH with pregnancy outcome was examined by nominal logistic regression, and the relationship between serum AMH concentrations and mare age, pregnancy outcome and the interaction of age and pregnancy outcome was examined by ANOVA. Data in this study were then stratified according to quartiles into lower (25%), mid-50% (second and third quartiles combined - 50%) and upper (25%) quartiles for age and serum AMH concentration for further analysis by logistic regression. There were significant effects of mare age and pregnancy outcome, but not their interaction on serum AMH concentrations which were higher (P = 0.04) in pregnant than in open mares (0.65 ± 0.03 vs 0.55 ± 0.04 ng/mL, respectively). Likewise, logistic regression revealed significant effect of mare age and AMH but not their interaction on pregnancy outcome on the first mated cycle. Mares in the lower AMH quartile were more likely to be open at Day 13-18 than mares in the middle (odds ratio (OR) = 1.87)=13 or upper quartile (OR = 2.62) for AMH concentrations. Mares in the mid-50% (OR = 3.91) or upper (OR = 4.97) age quartile were more likely to be open at Day 13-18 compared to mares in the young age quartile. Based upon a Chi-squared analysis, the proportion of pregnant mares differed across age quartiles (P < 0.0001) and was greater (P < 0.05) in the young mare quartile. The proportion of pregnant mares tended to differ across AMH quartile (P = 0.1), and when adjusted for age quartile using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test, the proportion of pregnant mares differed (P < 0.05) across AMH quartile. In conclusion, mares with peripheral AMH concentrations in the lowest quartile had lower fertility compared to mares in the mid-50% or upper quartile.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, USA.
| | - H El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, USA; Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Egypt
| | - K E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - W T Riddle
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M Schnobrich
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - E Bradekamp
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M Agnew
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - E L Squires
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - M H T Troedsson
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, USA
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Zhang Y, Agnew M, Roger T, Roux FS, Konrad T, Faccio D, Leach J, Forbes A. Simultaneous entanglement swapping of multiple orbital angular momentum states of light. Nat Commun 2017; 8:632. [PMID: 28935969 PMCID: PMC5608840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High-bit-rate long-distance quantum communication is a proposed technology for future communication networks and relies on high-dimensional quantum entanglement as a core resource. While it is known that spatial modes of light provide an avenue for high-dimensional entanglement, the ability to transport such quantum states robustly over long distances remains challenging. To overcome this, entanglement swapping may be used to generate remote quantum correlations between particles that have not interacted; this is the core ingredient of a quantum repeater, akin to repeaters in optical fibre networks. Here we demonstrate entanglement swapping of multiple orbital angular momentum states of light. Our approach does not distinguish between different anti-symmetric states, and thus entanglement swapping occurs for several thousand pairs of spatial light modes simultaneously. This work represents the first step towards a quantum network for high-dimensional entangled states and provides a test bed for fundamental tests of quantum science. Entanglement swapping in high dimensions requires large numbers of entangled photons and consequently suffers from low photon flux. Here the authors demonstrate entanglement swapping of multiple spatial modes of light simultaneously, without the need for increasing the photon numbers with dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Megan Agnew
- IPaQS, SUPA, Heriot-Watt, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Thomas Roger
- IPaQS, SUPA, Heriot-Watt, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Filippus S Roux
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa.,National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Konrad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,National Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | | | | | - Andrew Forbes
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
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11
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Zhang Y, Roux FS, Konrad T, Agnew M, Leach J, Forbes A. Engineering two-photon high-dimensional states through quantum interference. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501165. [PMID: 26933685 PMCID: PMC4771439 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many protocols in quantum science, for example, linear optical quantum computing, require access to large-scale entangled quantum states. Such systems can be realized through many-particle qubits, but this approach often suffers from scalability problems. An alternative strategy is to consider a lesser number of particles that exist in high-dimensional states. The spatial modes of light are one such candidate that provides access to high-dimensional quantum states, and thus they increase the storage and processing potential of quantum information systems. We demonstrate the controlled engineering of two-photon high-dimensional states entangled in their orbital angular momentum through Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. We prepare a large range of high-dimensional entangled states and implement precise quantum state filtering. We characterize the full quantum state before and after the filter, and are thus able to determine that only the antisymmetric component of the initial state remains. This work paves the way for high-dimensional processing and communication of multiphoton quantum states, for example, in teleportation beyond qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Filippus S. Roux
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Thomas Konrad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Megan Agnew
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science (IPaQS), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jonathan Leach
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science (IPaQS), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrew Forbes
- School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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12
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Pullanagari RR, Yule IJ, Agnew M. Corrigendum to “On-line prediction of lamb fatty acid composition by visible near infrared spectroscopy” [Meat Science 100 (2014) 156–163]. Meat Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Pullanagari RR, Yule IJ, Agnew M. On-line prediction of lamb fatty acid composition by visible near infrared spectroscopy. Meat Sci 2015; 100:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tonolini F, Chan S, Agnew M, Lindsay A, Leach J. Reconstructing high-dimensional two-photon entangled states via compressive sensing. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6542. [PMID: 25306850 PMCID: PMC4194436 DOI: 10.1038/srep06542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately establishing the state of large-scale quantum systems is an important tool in quantum information science; however, the large number of unknown parameters hinders the rapid characterisation of such states, and reconstruction procedures can become prohibitively time-consuming. Compressive sensing, a procedure for solving inverse problems by incorporating prior knowledge about the form of the solution, provides an attractive alternative to the problem of high-dimensional quantum state characterisation. Using a modified version of compressive sensing that incorporates the principles of singular value thresholding, we reconstruct the density matrix of a high-dimensional two-photon entangled system. The dimension of each photon is equal to d = 17, corresponding to a system of 83521 unknown real parameters. Accurate reconstruction is achieved with approximately 2500 measurements, only 3% of the total number of unknown parameters in the state. The algorithm we develop is fast, computationally inexpensive, and applicable to a wide range of quantum states, thus demonstrating compressive sensing as an effective technique for measuring the state of large-scale quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tonolini
- SUPA, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Susan Chan
- SUPA, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Megan Agnew
- SUPA, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Alan Lindsay
- SUPA, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, USA
| | - Jonathan Leach
- SUPA, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Agnew M, Bolduc E, Resch KJ, Franke-Arnold S, Leach J. Discriminating single-photon states unambiguously in high dimensions. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:020501. [PMID: 25062151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to uniquely identify a quantum state is integral to quantum science, but for nonorthogonal states, quantum mechanics precludes deterministic, error-free discrimination. However, using the nondeterministic protocol of unambiguous state discrimination enables the error-free differentiation of states, at the cost of a lower frequency of success. We discriminate experimentally between nonorthogonal, high-dimensional states encoded in single photons; our results range from dimension d=2 to d=14. We quantify the performance of our method by comparing the total measured error rate to the theoretical rate predicted by minimum-error state discrimination. For the chosen states, we find a lower error rate by more than 1 standard deviation for dimensions up to d=12. This method will find immediate application in high-dimensional implementations of quantum information protocols, such as quantum cryptography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Agnew
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada and SUPA, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Eliot Bolduc
- SUPA, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Resch
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sonja Franke-Arnold
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Leach
- SUPA, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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16
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Donohue JM, Agnew M, Lavoie J, Resch KJ. Coherent ultrafast measurement of time-bin encoded photons. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:153602. [PMID: 24160599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Time-bin encoding is a robust form of optical quantum information, especially for transmission in optical fibers. To readout the information, the separation of the time bins must be larger than the detector time resolution, typically on the order of nanoseconds for photon counters. In the present work, we demonstrate a technique using a nonlinear interaction between chirped entangled time-bin photons and shaped laser pulses to perform projective measurements on arbitrary time-bin states with picosecond-scale separations. We demonstrate a tomographically complete set of time-bin qubit projective measurements and show the fidelity of operations is sufficiently high to violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-Bell inequality by more than 6 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Donohue
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Agnew M, Salvail JZ, Leach J, Boyd RW. Generation of orbital angular momentum Bell states and their verification via accessible nonlinear witnesses. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:030402. [PMID: 23909296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The controlled generation of entangled states and their subsequent detection are integral aspects of quantum information science. In this Letter, we implement a simple and precise technique that produces any of the four Bell states in the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom. We then use these states to perform the first experimental demonstration of an accessible nonlinear entanglement witness. Such a witness determines entanglement by using the same measurements as required for a linear witness but can detect, in this case, twice as many states as a single linear witness can. We anticipate that our method of state preparation and nonlinear witnesses will have further uses in areas of quantum science, such as superdense coding and quantum key distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Agnew
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada
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Ni Y, Nesrallah J, Agnew M, Geske FJ, Favaloro EJ. Establishment and characterization of a new and stable collagen-binding assay for the assessment of von Willebrand factor activity. Int J Lab Hematol 2012; 35:170-6. [PMID: 23107512 PMCID: PMC3617461 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Laboratory diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD) requires determination of both von Willebrand factor (VWF) protein levels and activity. Current VWF activity tests include the ristocetin cofactor assay and the collagen-binding assay (VWF:CB). The goal of this investigation is to characterize a new collagen-binding assay and to determine its effectiveness in identifying VWD. Methods Analytical studies were carried out to characterize the performance of a new VWF:CB ELISA. Additionally, samples from a normal population were tested as were well-characterized type 1 and type 2 VWD samples. Results Repeatability and within-laboratory precision studies resulted in coefficients of variation (CVs) of ≤11%. A linear range of 1–354% (0.01–3.54 IU/mL) was determined, along with a limit of detection and a lower limit of quantitation of 1.6% and 4.0% (0.016 and 0.04 IU/mL), respectively. Samples tested from apparently healthy individuals resulted in a normal range of 54–217% (0.54–2.17 IU/mL). Known VWD type 1 and type 2 samples were also analyzed by the ELISA, with 99% of samples having VWF:CB below the normal reference range and an estimated 96% sensitivity and 87% specificity using a VWF collagen-binding/antigen cutoff ratio of 0.50. Conclusion This new VWF:CB ELISA provides an accurate measure of collagen-binding activity that aids in the diagnosis and differentiation of type 1 from type 2 VWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Precision BioLogic, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
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Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement is investigated in the Bessel-Gaussian (BG) basis. Having a readily adjustable radial scale, BG modes provide an alternative basis for OAM entanglement over Laguerre-Gaussian modes. We show that the OAM bandwidth in terms of BG modes can be increased by selection of particular radial wavevectors and leads to a flattening of the spectrum, which allows for higher dimensionality in the entangled state. We demonstrate entanglement in terms of BG modes by performing a Bell-type experiment and showing a violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality for the ℓ = ±1 subspace. In addition, we use quantum state tomography to indicate higher-dimensional entanglement in terms of BG modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie McLaren
- CSIR National Laser Centre, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Cooper BG, Steenbruggen I, Mitchell S, Severin T, Oostveen E, Burgos F, Matthys H, Normand H, Kivastik J, Leuppi J, Flezar M, Agnew M, Pedersen O, Sorichter S, Brusasco V, Tomalak W, Palange P. HERMES Spirometry: the European Spirometry Driving Licence. Breathe (Sheff) 2011. [DOI: 10.1183/20734735.026310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Godwin A, Takahara G, Agnew M, Stevenson J. Functional data analysis as a means of evaluating kinematic and kinetic waveforms. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14639220903023368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Asa C, Miller P, Agnew M, Rebolledo JAR, Lindsey SL, Callahan M, Bauman K. Relationship of inbreeding with sperm quality and reproductive success in Mexican gray wolves. Anim Conserv 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Agnew M. The spiritual side of illness. Spirit care process implements a systematic approach to spiritual healthcare. Health Prog 1999; 80:66-7. [PMID: 10539603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Agnew M. "Spirit care" treats both soul and body. With new approach, system demonstrates Catholic healthcare's extra dimension. Health Prog 1998; 79:76-7, 85. [PMID: 10181598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Agnew
- Daughters of Charity National Health System, St. Louis--South Division, MO, USA
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Karliczek G, Birks RJ, Brenken U, Agnew M. Termination of anaesthesia--do we pay enough attention to its consequences? Haemodynamic studies following the use of piritramide, flunitrazepam and nitrous oxide anaesthesia for open heart surgery. Anaesthesist 1980; 29:370-5. [PMID: 6107056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
After completion of coronary or valve replacement surgery the haemodynamic changes due to cessation of nitrous oxide were measured. Seventy-four patients received piritramide-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. In 20 patients nitrous oxide was continued after operation and no marked haemodynamic changes occurred. However, when nitrous oxide was discontinued immediately after the operation (n=30) a significant rise in systolic arterial pressure (108+/-15 to 153+/-30 mm Hg), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (35+/-9 to 40+/-16 mm Hg), systemic vascular resistance (111 +/-26 to 148+/-44 MN.s.m-5) and rate pressure product (9,600+/-1,600 to 14,300+/-4,000) occurred. Heart rate (89+/-11 min-1), left artrial pressure (13+/---4 mm Hg) CO2 minute production (125+/-19 ml. min-1.m-2) and cardiac index (2.5+/-0.61.min-1.m-2) rose only moderately. When additional flunisternal closure to 24 patients, marked haemodynamic changes were still noted after N2O withdrawal, even though anaesthesia was prolonged. The sudden rise of arterial pressure and vascular resistance implies risks to patients with myoicardial or coronary insufficiency, therefore close monitoring is necessary, when nitrous oxide has to be stopped, to enable undelayed antihypertensive therapy.
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Karliczek GF, Brenken U, Agnew M. [Induction of anaesthesia with etomidate and piritramide in valvular heart disease and coronary-artery disease (author's transl)]. Anaesthesist 1980; 29:1-11. [PMID: 6967268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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