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Gierster L, Turkina O, Deinert J, Vempati S, Baeta E, Garmshausen Y, Hecht S, Draxl C, Stähler J. Right On Time: Ultrafast Charge Separation Before Hybrid Exciton Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403765. [PMID: 38874072 PMCID: PMC11336905 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Organic/inorganic hybrid systems offer great potential for novel solar cell design combining the tunability of organic chromophore absorption properties with high charge carrier mobilities of inorganic semiconductors. However, often such material combinations do not show the expected performance: while ZnO, for example, basically exhibits all necessary properties for a successful application in light-harvesting, it was clearly outpaced by TiO2 in terms of charge separation efficiency. The origin of this deficiency has long been debated. This study employs femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and many-body ab initio calculations to identify and quantify all elementary steps leading to the suppression of charge separation at an exemplary organic/ZnO interface. It is demonstrated that charge separation indeed occurs efficiently on ultrafast (350 fs) timescales, but that electrons are recaptured at the interface on a 100 ps timescale and subsequently trapped in a strongly bound (0.7 eV) hybrid exciton state with a lifetime exceeding 5 µs. Thus, initially successful charge separation is followed by delayed electron capture at the interface, leading to apparently low charge separation efficiencies. This finding provides a sufficiently large time frame for counter-measures in device design to successfully implement specifically ZnO and, moreover, invites material scientists to revisit charge separation in various kinds of previously discarded hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gierster
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBrook‐Taylor‐Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Department of Physical ChemistryFritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐GesellschaftFaradayweg 4‐614195BerlinGermany
| | - Olga Turkina
- Department of PhysicsHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinNewtonstr. 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Jan‐Christoph Deinert
- Department of Physical ChemistryFritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐GesellschaftFaradayweg 4‐614195BerlinGermany
| | - Sesha Vempati
- Department of Physical ChemistryFritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐GesellschaftFaradayweg 4‐614195BerlinGermany
| | - Elsie Baeta
- Department of Physical ChemistryFritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐GesellschaftFaradayweg 4‐614195BerlinGermany
| | - Yves Garmshausen
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBrook‐Taylor‐Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBrook‐Taylor‐Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Center for the Science of Materials BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinZum Großen Windkanal 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Claudia Draxl
- Department of PhysicsHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinNewtonstr. 1512489BerlinGermany
- Center for the Science of Materials BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinZum Großen Windkanal 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Julia Stähler
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBrook‐Taylor‐Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Department of Physical ChemistryFritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐GesellschaftFaradayweg 4‐614195BerlinGermany
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Dash S, Padhan P. Lattice thermal conductivity of ZnO: experimental and theoretical studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14754-14765. [PMID: 38716688 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
ZnO has been explored using different approaches such as doping, nanostructuring, 2D confinement, and introduction of interface effects for improving thermoelectric performance and lowering thermal conductivity. Herein, the lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of ZnO determined from Raman thermometry, the 3ω-method and simulation using three-phonon scattering is presented. The average Debye temperature (θD) of A1(TO) and E2(high) modes estimated utilizing bond-order-length-strength correlation with local bond averaging effects is ∼422 K. The average κL of ZnO calculated using the theoretical coefficient of Slack's equation, θD, and Grüneisen parameter (γ) in Slack's equation is 2.75 W m-1 K-1, which is significantly lower than the κL ∼ 50.9 W m-1 K-1 simulated by considering the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional with Hubbard and non-analytical corrections. The coefficient of Slack's equation is determined from the κL ∼ 31 W m-1 K-1 of ZnO measured using the 3ω-method for the accurate estimation of the κL. The experimental coefficient of Slack's equation with Raman thermometry data yields κL ∼ 50.6 W m-1 K-1, which is higher than the value obtained using the 3ω-method but consistent with the theoretical value. Thus, three-phonon anharmonicity describes the κL of ZnO associated with Raman scattering. The method adopted to calculate κL will help for the in-depth analysis of phonon dynamics and the design of wurtzite-ZnO-related power electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyasiban Dash
- Nanoscale Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Prahallad Padhan
- Nanoscale Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
- Functional Oxides Research Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Becker MR, Loche P, Netz RR. Electrokinetic, electrochemical, and electrostatic surface potentials of the pristine water liquid-vapor interface. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:240902. [PMID: 36586978 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conceptually simple, the air-water interface displays rich behavior and is subject to intense experimental and theoretical investigations. Different definitions of the electrostatic surface potential as well as different calculation methods, each relevant for distinct experimental scenarios, lead to widely varying potential magnitudes and sometimes even different signs. Based on quantum-chemical density-functional-theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations, different surface potentials are evaluated and compared to force-field (FF) MD simulations. As well explained in the literature, the laterally averaged electrostatic surface potential, accessible to electron holography, is dominated by the trace of the water molecular quadrupole moment, and using DFT-MD amounts to +4.35 V inside the water phase, very different from results obtained with FF water models which yield negative values of the order of -0.4 to -0.6 V. Thus, when predicting potentials within water molecules, as relevant for photoelectron spectroscopy and non-linear interface-specific spectroscopy, DFT simulations should be used. The electrochemical surface potential, relevant for ion transfer reactions and ion surface adsorption, is much smaller, less than 200 mV in magnitude, and depends specifically on the ion radius. Charge transfer between interfacial water molecules leads to a sizable surface potential as well. However, when probing electrokinetics by explicitly applying a lateral electric field in DFT-MD simulations, the electrokinetic ζ-potential turns out to be negligible, in agreement with predictions using continuous hydrodynamic models. Thus, interfacial polarization charges from intermolecular charge transfer do not lead to significant electrokinetic mobility at the pristine vapor-liquid water interface, even assuming these transfer charges are mobile in an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Loche
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland R Netz
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Lin YP, Piskunov S, Trinkler L, Ming-Chi Chou M, Chang L. Electronic and Optical Properties of Rocksalt Mg 1-xZn xO and Wurtzite Zn 1-xMg xO with Varied Concentrations of Magnesium and Zinc. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7689. [PMID: 36363286 PMCID: PMC9653927 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structural, electronic and optical properties of rocksalt Mg1-xZnxO and wurtzite Zn1-xMgxO with the concentration of Zn and Mg varying from 0.125 to 0.875 were investigated using density functional theory (DFT), DFT+U, linear response theory and the Bethe-Salpeter equation. According to the experimental band gap for varied concentrations of magnesium and zinc, modeling the supercell was utilized for the varied concentrations of Mg/Zn/O compounds in order to not only avoid constructing the complicated interface systems that are observed in the experiments but also take into account the excitonic effects that usually require huge computational resources. From the calculated density of states, the Zn states are highly related to the edge of the conduction band minimum and responsible for the width of bandgap. In addition, the contribution of Zn-d states is below expectations as they are located away from the VBM. As for the optical response, an increase in Zn concentration would cause a red-shifted spectrum, on the whole. In contrast, the higher concentration of Mg also triggers the blue-shift of the optical spectrum. In addition, anisotropic properties could be found in the spectrum with consideration of the excitonic effects, whereas there is no apparent difference in optical response based on linear response theory. In addition, the optical features of this work reflect the characteristic peaks of the literature around the absorption onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Pai Lin
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergei Piskunov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Laima Trinkler
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mitch Ming-Chi Chou
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Liuwen Chang
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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5
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Lin YP, Piskunov S, Trinkler L, Chou MMC, Chang L. Influence of Stress on Electronic and Optical Properties of Rocksalt and Wurtzite MgO-ZnO Nanocomposites with Varying Concentrations of Magnesium and Zinc. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3408. [PMID: 36234537 PMCID: PMC9565919 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structural, electronic and optical properties of stressed MgO-ZnO nanocomposite alloys with concentrations of Zn and Mg varying from 0.125 to 0.875 were studied using ab initio simulations. Two crystal structures are considered for the initial MgO-ZnO alloys: the rocksalt Mg1-xZnxO and wurtzite Zn1-xMgxO phases. For rocksalt Mg1-xZnxO, the optimized structures are stable at pressures below 10 GPa. The larger the Mg concentration and pressure, the wider the Eg of the rocksalt phase. In contrast, the optimal geometries of wurtzite Zn1-xMgxO reveal a diversity of possibilities, including rocksalt, wurtzite and mixed phases. These effects lead to the fact that the optical properties of wurtzite Zn1-xMgxO not only demonstrate the properties of the wurtzite phase but also indicate the optical features of the rocksalt phase. In addition, mixed phases of Zn1-xMgxO simultaneously provide the characteristics of both wurtzite and rocksalt phases with the same structures in different dielectric matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Pai Lin
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergei Piskunov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Laima Trinkler
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mitch Ming-Chi Chou
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Liuwen Chang
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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6
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Zhao Y, Yan F, Liu X, Ma H, Zhang Z, Jiao A. Thermal Transport Properties of Diamond Phonons by Electric Field. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3399. [PMID: 36234524 PMCID: PMC9565564 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For the preparation of diamond heat sinks with ultra-high thermal conductivity by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technology, the influence of diamond growth direction and electric field on thermal conductivity is worth exploring. In this work, the phonon and thermal transport properties of diamond in three crystal orientation groups (<100>, <110>, and <111>) were investigated using first-principles calculations by electric field. The results show that the response of the diamond in the three-crystal orientation groups presented an obvious anisotropy under positive and negative electric fields. The electric field can break the symmetry of the diamond lattice, causing the electron density around the C atoms to be segregated with the direction of the electric field. Then the phonon spectrum and the thermodynamic properties of diamond were changed. At the same time, due to the coupling relationship between electrons and phonons, the electric field can affect the phonon group velocity, phonon mean free path, phonon−phonon interaction strength and phonon lifetime of the diamond. In the crystal orientation [111], when the electric field strength is ±0.004 a.u., the thermal conductivity is 2654 and 1283 W·m−1K−1, respectively. The main reason for the change in the thermal conductivity of the diamond lattice caused by the electric field is that the electric field has an acceleration effect on the extranuclear electrons of the C atoms in the diamond. Due to the coupling relationship between the electrons and the phonons, the thermodynamic and phonon properties of the diamond change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Fengyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Safety Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Hongfeng Ma
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Aisheng Jiao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Sikdar MK, Singh A, Bhakta S, Sahoo M, Jha SN, Shukla DK, Kanjilal D, Sahoo PK. Modulation of intrinsic defects in vertically grown ZnO nanorods by ion implantation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18255-18264. [PMID: 35876232 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic defects created by chemically inert gas (Xe) ion implantation in vertically grown ZnO nanorods are studied by optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The surface defects produced due to dynamic sputtering by ion beams control the fraction of O and Zn with ion fluence, which helps in tuning the optoelectronic properties. The forbidden Raman modes related to Zn interstitials and oxygen vacancies are observed because of the weak Fröhlich interaction, which arises due to disruption of the long-range lattice order. The evolution of the lattice disorder is identified by O K-edge and Zn K-edge scans of XAS. The hybridization strength between the O 2p and Zn 4p states increases with ion fluence and modulates the impact of intrinsic defects. The ion irradiation induced defects also construct intermediate defects bands which reduce the optical bandgap. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to correlate the experimentally observed trend of bandgap narrowing with the origin of electronic states related to Zn interstitial and O vacancy defects within the forbidden energy gap in ZnO. Our finding can be beneficial to achieve enhanced conductivity in ZnO by accurately varying the intrinsic defects through ion irradiation, which may work as a tuning knob to control the optoelectronic properties of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Sikdar
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Odisha - 752050, India.
| | - Avanendra Singh
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Odisha - 752050, India. .,Plasmonics and Perovskites Laboratory (PPL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P., India
| | - Sourav Bhakta
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Odisha - 752050, India.
| | - Madhusmita Sahoo
- Thin Film and Coatings Section, Surface and Nanoscience Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - S N Jha
- Beamline Development and Application Section, BARC, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - D K Shukla
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore - 452001, India
| | - D Kanjilal
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Pratap K Sahoo
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Odisha - 752050, India.
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Controlled Fabrication of Quality ZnO NWs/CNTs and ZnO NWs/Gr Heterostructures via Direct Two-Step CVD Method. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071836. [PMID: 34361224 PMCID: PMC8308266 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel and advanced approach of growing zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) directly on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene (Gr) surfaces has been demonstrated through the successful formation of 1D–1D and 1D–2D heterostructure interfaces. The direct two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was utilized to ensure high-quality materials’ synthesis and scalable production of different architectures. Iron-based universal compound molecular ink was used as a catalyst in both processes (a) to form a monolayer of horizontally defined networks of SWCNTs interfaced with vertically oriented ZnO NWs and (b) to grow densely packed ZnO NWs directly on a graphene surface. We show here that our universal compound molecular ink is efficient and selective in the direct synthesis of ZnO NWs/CNTs and ZnO NWs/Gr heterostructures. Heterostructures were also selectively patterned through different fabrication techniques and grown in predefined locations, demonstrating an ability to control materials’ placement and morphology. Several characterization tools were employed to interrogate the prepared heterostructures. ZnO NWs were shown to grow uniformly over the network of SWCNTs, and much denser packed vertically oriented ZnO NWs were produced on graphene thin films. Such heterostructures can be used widely in many potential applications, such as photocatalysts, supercapacitors, solar cells, piezoelectric or thermal actuators, as well as chemical or biological sensors.
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9
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Hayashida T, Tsutsui M, Murayama S, Nakada T, Taniguchi M. Dielectric Coatings for Resistive Pulse Sensing Using Solid-State Pores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10632-10638. [PMID: 33595287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on the systematic characterization of the effectiveness of dielectric coating to tailor capture-to-translocation dynamics of single particles in solid-state pores. We covered the surface of SiNx membranes with SiO2, HfO2, Al2O3, TiO2, or ZnO, which allowed us to change the ζ-potential at the pore wall, reflecting the isoelectric points of these coating materials. Resistive pulse measurements of negatively charged polystyrene beads elucidated more facile electrophoretic capture of the particles and slower translocation motions in the channel under more negative electric potential at the oxide surface. These findings provide a guide to engineer pore wall surface for optimizing the translocation dynamics for efficient sensing of particles and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Hayashida
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Sanae Murayama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Ramalingam V, Hwang I. Zero valent zinc regulates adipocyte differentiation through calpain family protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling in mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Lee CC, Hsu CE, Hsueh HC. Partitioning interatomic force constants for first-principles phonon calculations: applications to NaCl, PbTiO 3, monolayer CrI 3, and twisted bilayer graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:055902. [PMID: 33086197 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abc358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
First-principles phonon calculations have been widely performed for studying vibrational properties of condensed matter, where the dynamical matrix is commonly constructed via supercell force-constant calculations or the linear response approach. With different manners, a supercell can be introduced in both methods. Unless the supercell is large enough, the interpolated phonon property highly depends on the shape and size of the supercell and the imposed periodicity could give unphysical results that can be easily overlooked. Along this line, we discuss how a traditional method can be used to partition the force constants at the supercell boundary and then propose a more flexible method based on the translational symmetry and interatomic distances. The partition method is also compatible with the mixed-space approach for describing LO-TO splitting. We have applied the proposed partition method to NaCl, PbTiO3, monolayer CrI3, and twisted bilayer graphene, where we show how the method can deliver reasonable results. The proper partition is especially important for studying moderate-size systems with low symmetry, such as two-dimensional materials on substrates, and useful for the implementation of phonon calculations in first-principles packages using atomic basis functions, where symmetry operations are usually not applied owing to the suitability for large-scale calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Lee
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
- Research Center for X-ray Science, College of Science, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Chin-En Hsu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chung Hsueh
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
- Research Center for X-ray Science, College of Science, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
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12
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Costa WC, Sandri C, de Quadros S, Silva AL, Eccher J, Zimmermann LM, Mora JR, Bock H, Bechtold IH. Stabilization of ZnO quantum dots by preferred 1:2 interaction with a liquid crystal molecule. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Transformation of terahertz vibrational modes of cytosine under hydration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10271. [PMID: 32581269 PMCID: PMC7314841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine and cytosine monohydrate are representative biomolecules for investigating the effect of hydrogen bonds in deoxyribonucleic acid. To better understand intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, between nucleobases it is necessary to identify the low-frequency vibrational modes associated with intermolecular interactions and crystalline structures. In this study, we investigated the characteristic low-frequency vibrational modes of cytosine and cytosine monohydrate using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The crystal geometry was obtained by the powder X-ray diffraction technique. The optimized atomic positions and the normal modes in the terahertz region were calculated using density functional theory (DFT), which agreed well with the experimental results. We found that overall terahertz absorption peaks of cytosine and cytosine monohydrate consist of collective vibrations mixed with intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations in mode character analysis, and that the most intense peaks of both samples involve remarkable intermolecular translational vibration. These results indicate that THz-TDS combined with DFT calculations including mode character analysis can be an effective method for understanding how water molecules contribute to the characteristics of the low-frequency vibrational modes by intermolecular vibrations with hydrogen bonding in biological and biomedical applications.
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Calzolari A, Pavan B, Curtarolo S, Buongiorno Nardelli M, Fornari M. Vibrational spectral fingerprinting for chemical recognition of biominerals. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:770-778. [PMID: 32107826 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies associated with calcified tissue, such as osteoporosis, demand in vivo and/or in situ spectroscopic analysis to assess the role of chemical substitutions in the inorganic component. High energy X-ray or NMR spectroscopies are impractical or damaging in biomedical conditions. Low energy spectroscopies, such as IR and Raman techniques, are often the best alternative. In apatite biominerals, the vibrational signatures of the phosphate group are generally used as fingerprint of the materials although they provide only limited information. Here, we have used first principles calculations to unravel the complexity of the complete vibrational spectra of apatites. We determined the spectroscopic features of all the phonon modes of fluoroapatite, hydroxy-apatite, and carbonated fluoroapatite beyond the analysis of the phosphate groups, focusing on the effect of local corrections induced by the crystalline environment and the specific mineral composition. This provides a clear and unique reference to discriminate structural and chemical variations in biominerals, opening the way to a widespread application of non-invasive spectroscopies for in vivo diagnostics, and biomedical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR-NANO, Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, IT and Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Chemistry and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt., Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Stefano Curtarolo
- Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708 and Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Marco Buongiorno Nardelli
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA and Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Marco Fornari
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859 USA and Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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15
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Bo R, Zhang F, Bu S, Nasiri N, Di Bernardo I, Tran-Phu T, Shrestha A, Chen H, Taheri M, Qi S, Zhang Y, Mulmudi HK, Lipton-Duffin J, Gaspera ED, Tricoli A. One-Step Synthesis of Porous Transparent Conductive Oxides by Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Aluminum-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9589-9599. [PMID: 32019296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are highly desirable for numerous applications ranging from photovoltaics to light-emitting diodes and photoelectrochemical devices. Despite progress, it remains challenging to fabricate porous TCOs (pTCOs) that may provide, for instance, a hierarchical nanostructured morphology for the separation of photoexcited hole/electron couples. Here, we present a facile process for the fabrication of porous architectures of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), a low-cost and earth-abundant transparent conductive oxide. Three-dimensional nanostructured films of AZO with tunable porosities from 10 to 98% were rapidly self-assembled from flame-made nanoparticle aerosols. Successful Al doping was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An optimal Al-doping level of 1% was found to induce the highest material conductivity, while a higher amount led to partial segregation and formation of aluminum oxide domains. A controllable semiconducting to conducting behavior with a resistivity change of more than 4 orders of magnitudes from about 3 × 102 to 9.4 × 106 Ω cm was observed by increasing the AZO film porosity from 10 to 98%. While the denser AZO morphologies may find immediate application as transparent electrodes, we demonstrate that the ultraporous semiconducting layers have potential as a light-driven gas sensor, showing a high response of 1.92-1 ppm of ethanol at room temperature. We believe that these tunable porous transparent conductive oxides and their scalable fabrication method may provide a highly performing material for future optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renheng Bo
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Fan Zhang
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
- College of Energy Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Shulin Bu
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Noushin Nasiri
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
- School of engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Iolanda Di Bernardo
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Thanh Tran-Phu
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Aabhash Shrestha
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Mahdiar Taheri
- Labotatory of Advanced Nanomaterials for Sustainability, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Shuhua Qi
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Energy Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Hemant Kumar Mulmudi
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - Josh Lipton-Duffin
- Institute for Future Environments (IFE) and Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF) , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Level 6, P Block, Gardens Point campus, 2 George St. Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia
| | | | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
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16
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Korepanov VI. Phonon propagation scale and nanoscale order in vitreous silica from Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:055901. [PMID: 31627196 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab4f23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For nanoscale systems such as nanoparticles and 3D-bonded networks, the range of spatial coherence is well reflected in the Raman spectral pattern. For confined, or localized, phonons, the range of q-points contributing to the spectrum depends on the phonon confinement length, which makes it possible to derive size information from the spectra. In this work, the Raman spectrum of vitreous silica is described as localized phonons of an SiO2 network. The convergence of the spectral pattern with the confinement size is studied. It is shown that the phonon propagation scale in vitreous silica is within the 0.5-2 nm range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly I Korepanov
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia
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17
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Saputro AG, Akbar FT, Setyagar NPP, Agusta MK, Pramudya AD, Dipojono HK. Effect of surface defects on the interaction of the oxygen molecule with the ZnO(101̄0) surface. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06338b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strong O2–ZnO(101̄0) interactions can only occur when the ZnO(101̄0) surface has either an O vacancy or a Zn–O dimer vacancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhitya Gandaryus Saputro
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
| | - Fiki Taufik Akbar
- Theoretical High Energy Physics Research Group
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | | | - Mohammad Kemal Agusta
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
| | | | - Hermawan Kresno Dipojono
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
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18
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Korepanov VI, Hamaguchi HO. Ordered Structures in Liquid Water as Studied by Raman Spectroscopy and the Phonon Confinement Model. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly I. Korepanov
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials RAS, 6, Ac. Ossipyan str., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, College of Science, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hiro-o Hamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, College of Science, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Spectroscopic Science Laboratory Co., 3-22-9 Ozenji-higashi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 215-0018, Japan
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19
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Kim HS, Lee JS, Kim SJ, Lee J, Lucero AT, Sung MM, Kim J. Realization of Spatially Addressable Library by a Novel Combinatorial Approach on Atomic Layer Deposition: A Case Study of Zinc Oxide. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:445-455. [PMID: 31063348 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Though the synthesis of libraries of multicomponent metal oxide systems is prevalent using the combinatorial approach, the combinatorial approach has been rarely realized in studying simple metal oxides, especially applied to the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. In this literature, a novel combinatorial approach technique is utilized within an ALD grown simple metal oxide to synthesize a "spatially addressable combinatorial library". The two key factors in gradients were defined during the ALD process: (1) the process temperature and (2) a nonuniform flow of pulsed gases inside a cross-flow reactor. To validate the feasibility of our novel combinatorial approach, a case study of zinc oxide (ZnO), a simple metal oxide whose properties are well-known, is performed. Because of the induced gradient, the ZnO (002) crystallite size was found to gradually vary across a 100 mm wafer (∼10-20 nm) with a corresponding increase in the normalized Raman E2/A1 peak intensity ratio. The findings agree well with the visible grain size observed from scanning electron microscope. The novel combinatorial approach provides a means of systematical interpretation of the combined effect of the two gradients, especially in the analysis of the microstructure of ZnO crystals. Moreover, the combinatorial library reveals that the process temperature, rather than the crystal size, plays the most significant role in determining the electrical conductivity of ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Sejoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Joy S. Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Si Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Antonio T. Lucero
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Myung Mo Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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20
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Horzum S, Iyikanat F, Senger RT, Çelebi C, Sbeta M, Yildiz A, Serin T. Monitoring the characteristic properties of Ga-doped ZnO by Raman spectroscopy and atomic scale calculations. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Rivera-Julio J, González-García A, González-Hernández R, López-Pérez W, Peeters FM, Hernández-Nieves AD. Vibrational properties of germanane and fluorinated germanene in the chair, boat, and zigzag-line configurations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:075301. [PMID: 30523897 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf45f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and vibrational properties of germanane and fluorinated germanene are studied within density functional theory (DFT) and density functional perturbation theory frameworks. Different structural configurations of germanane and fluorinated germanene are investigated. The energy difference between the different configurations are consistently smaller than the energy of thermal fluctuations for all the analyzed DFT functionals LDA, GGA, and hybrid functionals, which implies that, in principle, it is possible to find these different configurations in different regions of the sample as minority phases or local defects. We calculate the Raman and infrared spectra for these configurations by using ab initio calculations and compare it with available experimental spectra for germanane. Our results show the presence of minority phases compatible with the configurations analyzed in this work. As these low energy configurations are metastable the present work shows that the synthesis of these energy competing phases is feasible by selectively changing the synthesis conditions, which is an opportunity to expand in this way the availability of new two-dimensional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rivera-Julio
- Condensed matter theory group, Centro Atomico Bariloche and CONICET, S. C. de Bariloche, 8400 S. C. de Bariloche, Argentina. Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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22
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Korepanov VI, Chan SY, Hsu HC, Hamaguchi HO. Phonon confinement and size effect in Raman spectra of ZnO nanoparticles. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01222. [PMID: 30828658 PMCID: PMC6383037 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We study Raman spectra of ZnO nanoparticles of 5-12 nm size in the whole range of the first-order phonon bands. We apply the 3D phonon confinement model (PCM) for the interpretation of the observed Raman spectra. It is found that PCM is well applicable to the acoustic modes as well as to the optical ones, despite the fact that PCM has been thought not to be suitable for acoustic phonons. We show that the asymptotic behavior of PCM for the small-size limit is more consistent with the observation than that of the elastic sphere model (ESM). Furthermore, PCM gives detailed information on the complex size-dependent shapes of the phonon bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly I. Korepanov
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Si-Yuan Chan
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Hiro-o Hamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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23
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Braiek Z, Roques-Carmes T, Assaker IB, Gannouni M, Arnoux P, Corbel S, Chtourou R. Enhanced solar and visible light photocatalytic activity of In2S3-decorated ZnO nanowires for water purification. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Missori M, Pawcenis D, Bagniuk J, Mosca Conte A, Violante C, Maggio M, Peccianti M, Pulci O, Łojewska J. Quantitative diagnostics of ancient paper using THz time-domain spectroscopy. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Kaygili O, Ercan I, Ates T, Keser S, Orek C, Gunduz B, Seckin T, Bulut N, Bañares L. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the structure of synthesized ZnO powder. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Light induced DNA-functionalized TiO 2 nanocrystalline interface: Theoretical and experimental insights towards DNA damage detection. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:159-176. [PMID: 30308399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the emerging applications of DNA-functionalized TiO2 nanocrystals towards DNA damage detection, it is inevitable to understand the better chemistry as well as in-depth molecular interaction phenomena. Fundamentally, energy difference underlies the layer-by-layer construction, resulted in the increase of the interaction energy and thus, altering the electrochemical behavior. Herein, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using DMol3 and DFTB+ codes successfully to elucidate the structural, electronics, and vibrational properties of the layer-by-layer components composing ss-DNA/dopamine/TiO2/FTO. The obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental findings. The band gaps of FTO and TiO2 were computationally obtained at 3.335 and 3.136 eV which are comparable with the experimental data (3.500 eV; FTO and 3.200 eV; TiO2). Frontier orbital analysis is also considered to elucidate their electron transfer phenomena. Further, a 100 ns MD simulations are carried out using canonical ensemble embedded with COMPASS-Universal Forcefields generating useful thermodynamics parameters. Binding energies indicate increasing interaction energies for the layer-by-layer nanosystem, in agreement with the increasing diameter of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) semicircle. Our results reveal the fundamental understanding of the DNA-functionalized TiO2 nanocrystals down to molecular and electronic level and further, paving a way of its application towards nanoelectrochemical DNA biosensors.
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27
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Flores EM, Gouvea RA, Piotrowski MJ, Moreira ML. Band alignment and charge transfer predictions of ZnO/ZnX (X = S, Se or Te) interfaces applied to solar cells: a PBE+U theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4953-4961. [PMID: 29387858 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of semiconductor materials for the development of solar cells is of great importance today. Two topics are considered to be of critical importance for the efficiency of Grätzel-type solar cells, the efficiency of charge separation and the efficiency of charge carrier transfer. Thus, one research focus is the combination of semiconductor materials with the aim of reducing charge recombination, which occurs by spatial charge separation. From an experimental point of view, the combining of materials can be achieved by decorating a core with a shell of another material resulting in a core-shell system, which allows control of the desired photoelectronic properties. In this context, a computational simulation is mandatory for the atomistic understanding of possible semiconductor combinations and for the prediction of their properties. Considering the construction of ZnO/ZnX (X = S, Se or Te) interfaces, we seek to investigate the electronic influence of the shell (ZnX) on the core (ZnO) and, consequently, find out which of the interfaces would present the appropriate properties for (Grätzel-type) solar cell applications. To perform this study, we have employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations, considering the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. However, it is well-known that plain DFT fails to describe strong electronic correlated materials where, in general, an underestimation of the band gap is obtained. Thus, to obtain the correct description of the electronic properties, a Hubbard correction was employed, i.e. PBE+U calculations. The PBE+U methodology provided the correct electronic structure properties for bulk ZnO in good agreement with experimental values (99.4%). The ZnO/ZnX interfaces were built and were composed of six ZnO layers and two ZnX layers, which represents the decoration process. The core-shell band gap was 2.2 eV for ZnO/ZnS, ∼1.71 eV for ZnO/ZnSe and ∼0.95 eV for ZnO/ZnTe, which also exhibited a type-II band alignment. Bader charge analysis showed an accumulation of charges in the 6th layer of ZnO for the three ZnO/ZnX interfaces. On the basis of these results, we have proposed that ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnSe core-shell structures can be applied as good candidates (with better efficiency) for photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efracio Mamani Flores
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Pelotas, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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28
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Bashyal K, Pyles CK, Afroosheh S, Lamichhane A, Zayak AT. Empirical optimization of DFT + U and HSE for the band structure of ZnO. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:065501. [PMID: 29327688 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ZnO is a well-known wide band gap semiconductor with promising potential for applications in optoelectronics, transparent electronics, and spintronics. Computational simulations based on the density functional theory (DFT) play an important role in the research of ZnO, but the standard functionals, like Perdew-Burke-Erzenhof, result in largely underestimated values of the band gap and the binding energies of the Zn3d electrons. Methods like DFT + U and hybrid functionals are meant to remedy the weaknesses of plain DFT. However, both methods are not parameter-free. Direct comparison with experimental data is the best way to optimize the computational parameters. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) is commonly considered as a benchmark for the computed electronic densities of states. In this work, both DFT + U and HSE methods were parametrized to fit almost exactly the binding energies of electrons in ZnO obtained by XPS. The optimized parameterizations of DFT + U and HSE lead to significantly worse results in reproducing the ion-clamped static dielectric tensor, compared to standard high-level calculations, including GW, which in turn yield a perfect match for the dielectric tensor. The failure of our XPS-based optimization reveals the fact that XPS does not report the ground state electronic structure for ZnO and should not be used for benchmarking ground state electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Bashyal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States of America
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29
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Cigarini L, Ruini A, Catellani A, Calzolari A. Conflicting effect of chemical doping on the thermoelectric response of ordered PEDOT aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5021-5027. [PMID: 29388641 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) semiconductor plays a relevant role in the development of organic thermoelectric (TE) devices for low-power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cigarini
- Dipartimento FIM
- Universitá di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- Modena
- Italy
- CNR-NANO
| | - Alice Ruini
- Dipartimento FIM
- Universitá di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- Modena
- Italy
- CNR-NANO
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30
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New energy with ZnS: novel applications for a standard transparent compound. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16805. [PMID: 29196653 PMCID: PMC5711861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We revise the electronic and optical properties of ZnS on the basis of first principles simulations, in view of novel routes for optoelectronic and photonic devices, such as transparent conductors and plasmonic applications. In particular, we consider doping effects, as induced by Al and Cu. It is shown that doping ZnS with Al imparts a n-character and allows for a plasmonic activity in the mid-IR that can be exploited for IR metamaterials, while Cu doping induces a spin dependent p-type character to the ZnS host, opening the way to the engineering of transparent p-n junctions, p-type transparent conductive materials and spintronic applications. The possibility of promoting the wurtzite lattice, presenting a different symmetry with respect to the most stable and common zincblende structure, is explored. Homo- and heterojunctions to twin ZnO are discussed as a possible route to transparent metamaterial devices for communications and energy.
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31
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Giannozzi P, Andreussi O, Brumme T, Bunau O, Buongiorno Nardelli M, Calandra M, Car R, Cavazzoni C, Ceresoli D, Cococcioni M, Colonna N, Carnimeo I, Dal Corso A, de Gironcoli S, Delugas P, DiStasio RA, Ferretti A, Floris A, Fratesi G, Fugallo G, Gebauer R, Gerstmann U, Giustino F, Gorni T, Jia J, Kawamura M, Ko HY, Kokalj A, Küçükbenli E, Lazzeri M, Marsili M, Marzari N, Mauri F, Nguyen NL, Nguyen HV, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Paulatto L, Poncé S, Rocca D, Sabatini R, Santra B, Schlipf M, Seitsonen AP, Smogunov A, Timrov I, Thonhauser T, Umari P, Vast N, Wu X, Baroni S. Advanced capabilities for materials modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:465901. [PMID: 29064822 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8f79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1533] [Impact Index Per Article: 219.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantum EXPRESSO is an integrated suite of open-source computer codes for quantum simulations of materials using state-of-the-art electronic-structure techniques, based on density-functional theory, density-functional perturbation theory, and many-body perturbation theory, within the plane-wave pseudopotential and projector-augmented-wave approaches. Quantum EXPRESSO owes its popularity to the wide variety of properties and processes it allows to simulate, to its performance on an increasingly broad array of hardware architectures, and to a community of researchers that rely on its capabilities as a core open-source development platform to implement their ideas. In this paper we describe recent extensions and improvements, covering new methodologies and property calculators, improved parallelization, code modularization, and extended interoperability both within the distribution and with external software.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giannozzi
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - O Andreussi
- Institute of Computational Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Brumme
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Bunau
- IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC University Paris 06, MNHN, IRD, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M Buongiorno Nardelli
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - M Calandra
- IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC University Paris 06, MNHN, IRD, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - C Cavazzoni
- CINECA-Via Magnanelli 6/3, I-40033 Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Ceresoli
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM), National Research Council (CNR), I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Cococcioni
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Colonna
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Carnimeo
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - A Dal Corso
- SISSA-Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
| | - S de Gironcoli
- SISSA-Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
| | - P Delugas
- SISSA-Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - R A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - A Ferretti
- CNR Istituto Nanoscienze, I-42125 Modena, Italy
| | - A Floris
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - G Fratesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Fugallo
- ETSF, Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - R Gebauer
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - U Gerstmann
- Department Physik, Universität Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - F Giustino
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - T Gorni
- IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC University Paris 06, MNHN, IRD, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
- SISSA-Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - J Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - M Kawamura
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - H-Y Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - A Kokalj
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - E Küçükbenli
- SISSA-Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Lazzeri
- IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC University Paris 06, MNHN, IRD, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M Marsili
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Mauri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - N L Nguyen
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H-V Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - A Otero-de-la-Roza
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - L Paulatto
- IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC University Paris 06, MNHN, IRD, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S Poncé
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - D Rocca
- Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - R Sabatini
- Orionis Biosciences, Newton, MA 02466, United States of America
| | - B Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - M Schlipf
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - A P Seitsonen
- Institut für Chimie, Universität Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Smogunov
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - I Timrov
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Thonhauser
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States of America
| | - P Umari
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
| | - N Vast
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, École Polytechnique, CEA-DRF-IRAMIS, CNRS UMR 7642, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - X Wu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-1801, United States of America
| | - S Baroni
- SISSA-Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
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Azpeitia J, Otero-Irurueta G, Palacio I, Martinez JI, del Árbol NR, Santoro G, Gutiérrez A, Aballe L, Foerster M, Kalbac M, Vales V, Mompeán FJ, García-Hernández M, Martín-Gago JA, Munuera C, López MF. High-quality PVD graphene growth by fullerene decomposition on Cu foils. CARBON 2017; 119:535-543. [PMID: 28507390 PMCID: PMC5428744 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a new protocol to grow large-area, high-quality single-layer graphene on Cu foils at relatively low temperatures. We use C60 molecules evaporated in ultra high vacuum conditions as carbon source. This clean environment results in a strong reduction of oxygen-containing groups as depicted by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Unzipping of C60 is thermally promoted by annealing the substrate at 800ºC during evaporation. The graphene layer extends over areas larger than the Cu crystallite size, although it is changing its orientation with respect to the surface in the wrinkles and grain boundaries, producing a modulated ring in the low energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern. This protocol is a self-limiting process leading exclusively to one single graphene layer. Raman spectroscopy confirms the high quality of the grown graphene. This layer exhibits an unperturbed Dirac-cone with a clear n-doping of 0.77 eV, which is caused by the interaction between graphene and substrate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that this interaction can be induced by a coupling between graphene and substrate at specific points of the structure leading to a local sp3 configuration, which also contribute to the D-band in the Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Azpeitia
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Otero-Irurueta
- Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA-DEM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I. Palacio
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. I. Martinez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Ruiz del Árbol
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Santoro
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Aballe
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - M. Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - M. Kalbac
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Vales
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - F. J. Mompeán
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. García-Hernández
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. A. Martín-Gago
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Munuera
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. F. López
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Ahmad R, Tripathy N, Ahn MS, Hahn YB. Solution Process Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio ZnO Nanorods on Electrode Surface for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Uric Acid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46475. [PMID: 28418039 PMCID: PMC5394472 DOI: 10.1038/srep46475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates a highly stable, selective and sensitive uric acid (UA) biosensor based on high aspect ratio zinc oxide nanorods (ZNRs) vertical grown on electrode surface via a simple one-step low temperature solution route. Uricase enzyme was immobilized on the ZNRs followed by Nafion covering to fabricate UA sensing electrodes (Nafion/Uricase-ZNRs/Ag). The fabricated electrodes showed enhanced performance with attractive analytical response, such as a high sensitivity of 239.67 μA cm−2 mM−1 in wide-linear range (0.01–4.56 mM), rapid response time (~3 s), low detection limit (5 nM), and low value of apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Kmapp, 0.025 mM). In addition, selectivity, reproducibility and long-term storage stability of biosensor was also demonstrated. These results can be attributed to the high aspect ratio of vertically grown ZNRs which provides high surface area leading to enhanced enzyme immobilization, high electrocatalytic activity, and direct electron transfer during electrochemical detection of UA. We expect that this biosensor platform will be advantageous to fabricate ultrasensitive, robust, low-cost sensing device for numerous analyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Ahmad
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nirmalya Tripathy
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sang Ahn
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bong Hahn
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
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Catellani A, Calzolari A. Codoping and Interstitial Deactivation in the Control of Amphoteric Li Dopant in ZnO for the Realization of p-Type TCOs. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10040332. [PMID: 28772691 PMCID: PMC5506896 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on first principle investigations about the electrical character of Li-X codoped ZnO transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). We studied a set of possible X codopants including either unintentional dopants typically present in the system (e.g., H, O) or monovalent acceptor groups, based on nitrogen and halogens (F, Cl, I). The interplay between dopants and structural point defects in the host (such as vacancies) is also taken explicitly into account, demonstrating the crucial effect that zinc and oxygen vacancies have on the final properties of TCOs. Our results show that Li-ZnO has a p-type character, when Li is included as Zn substitutional dopant, but it turns into an n-type when Li is in interstitial sites. The inclusion of X-codopants is considered to deactivate the n-type character of interstitial Li atoms: the total Li-X compensation effect and the corresponding electrical character of the doped compounds selectively depend on the presence of vacancies in the host. We prove that LiF-doped ZnO is the only codoped system that exhibits a p-type character in the presence of Zn vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Catellani
- CNR-NANO Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR-NANO Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
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35
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Daiko Y, Schmidt J, Kawamura G, Romeis S, Segets D, Iwamoto Y, Peukert W. Mechanochemically induced sulfur doping in ZnO via oxygen vacancy formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13838-13845. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemically induced oxygen vacancy of ZnO is indispensable in order to control the level of sulfur doping quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Daiko
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - J. Schmidt
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS)
| | - G. Kawamura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - S. Romeis
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS)
| | - D. Segets
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS)
| | - Y. Iwamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - W. Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS)
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36
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Consiglio A, Tian Z. Importance of the Hubbard correction on the thermal conductivity calculation of strongly correlated materials: a case study of ZnO. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36875. [PMID: 27830737 PMCID: PMC5103272 DOI: 10.1038/srep36875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide bandgap semiconductor, ZnO, has gained interest recently as a promising option for use in power electronics such as thermoelectric and piezoelectric generators, as well as optoelectronic devices. Though much work has been done to improve its electronic properties, relatively little is known of its thermal transport properties with large variations in measured thermal conductivity. In this study, we examine the effects of a Hubbard corrected energy functional on the lattice thermal conductivity of wurtzite ZnO calculated using density functional theory and an iterative solution to the Boltzmann transport equation. Showing good agreement with existing experimental measurements, and with a detailed analysis of the mode-dependence and phonon properties, the results from this study highlight the importance of the Hubbard correction in calculations of thermal transport properties of materials with strongly correlated electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Zhiting Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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37
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Persano L, Catellani A, Dagdeviren C, Ma Y, Guo X, Huang Y, Calzolari A, Pisignano D. Shear Piezoelectricity in Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene): Full Piezotensor Coefficients by Molecular Modeling, Biaxial Transverse Response, and Use in Suspended Energy-Harvesting Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7633-9. [PMID: 27357595 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic flexible character of polymeric materials causes remarkable strain deformations along directions perpendicular to the applied stress. The biaxial response in the shear piezoelectricity of polyvinylidenefluoride copolymers is analyzed and their full piezoelectric tensors are provided. The microscopic shear is exploited in single suspended nanowires bent by localized loading to couple flexural deformation and transverse piezoelectric response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Persano
- CNR-NANO, Istituto Nanoscienze, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano I, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Catellani
- CNR-NANO, Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, via Campi 213, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yinji Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR-NANO, Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, via Campi 213, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- CNR-NANO, Istituto Nanoscienze, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano I, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
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38
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Mulwa WM, Ouma CN, Onani MO, Dejene FB. Energetic, electronic and optical properties of lanthanide doped TiO2: An ab initio LDA+U study. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Kranert C, Sturm C, Schmidt-Grund R, Grundmann M. Raman Tensor Formalism for Optically Anisotropic Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:127401. [PMID: 27058099 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a formalism for calculating the Raman scattering intensity dependent on the polarization configuration for optically anisotropic crystals. It can be applied to crystals of arbitrary orientation and crystal symmetry measured in normal incidence backscattering geometry. The classical Raman tensor formalism cannot be used for optically anisotropic materials due to birefringence causing the polarization within the crystal to be depth dependent. We show that in the limit of averaging over a sufficiently large scattering depth, the observed Raman intensities converge and can be described by an effective Raman tensor given here. Full agreement with experimental results for uniaxial and biaxial crystals is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kranert
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Experimentelle Physik II, Abteilung Halbleiterphysik, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chris Sturm
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Experimentelle Physik II, Abteilung Halbleiterphysik, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Schmidt-Grund
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Experimentelle Physik II, Abteilung Halbleiterphysik, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marius Grundmann
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Experimentelle Physik II, Abteilung Halbleiterphysik, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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40
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Tian H, Mao AJ, Zhao HJ, Cui Y, Li H, Kuang XY. Large polarization and dielectric response in epitaxial SrZrO3 films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7680-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07881d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of (001) epitaxial SrZrO3 thin films under misfit strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ai-Jie Mao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hong Jian Zhao
- Laboratory of Dielectric Materials
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yingqi Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton
- CNRS
- Université
- Paris-Sud
- ENS Cachan
| | - Xiao-Yu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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41
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Ghosh M, Ghosh S, Seibt M, Rao KY, Peretzki P, Mohan Rao G. Ferroelectric origin in one-dimensional undoped ZnO towards high electromechanical response. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Vabbina PK, Kaushik A, Pokhrel N, Bhansali S, Pala N. Electrochemical cortisol immunosensors based on sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide 1D nanorods and 2D nanoflakes. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 63:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Catellani A, Ruini A, Nardelli MB, Calzolari A. Unconventional co-existence of plasmon and thermoelectric activity in In:ZnO nanowires. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In:ZnO nanowires present the unique property of being simultaneously plasmonic and thermoelectric materials that can be used to realize coupled plasmonic/thermoelectric power generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Catellani
- Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO-S3
- I-41125 Modena
- Italy
- CNR-IMEM
- Parco Area delle Scienze, 37A
| | - Alice Ruini
- Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO-S3
- I-41125 Modena
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Informatica e Matematica
| | | | - Arrigo Calzolari
- Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO-S3
- I-41125 Modena
- Italy
- Department of Physics
- University of North Texas
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