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Choi T, Koo M, Joo J, Kim T, Shon YM, Park J. Bidirectional Neuronal Control of Epileptiform Activity by Repetitive Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302404. [PMID: 37997163 PMCID: PMC10787102 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive stimulation procedures are used in neuromodulation techniques to induce persistent excitatory or inhibitory brain activity. The directivity of modulation is empirically regulated by modifying the stimulation length, interval, and strength. However, bidirectional neuronal modulations using ultrasound stimulations are rarely reported. This study presents bidirectional control of epileptiform activities with repetitive transcranial-focused ultrasound stimulations in a rat model of drug-induced acute epilepsy. It is found that repeated transmission of elongated (40 s), ultra-low pressure (0.25 MPa) ultrasound can fully suppress epileptic activities in electro-encephalography and cerebral blood volume measurements, while the change in bursting intervals from 40 to 20 s worsens epileptic activities even with the same burst length. Furthermore, the suppression induced by 40 s long bursts is transformed to excitatory states by a subsequent transmission. Bidirectional modulation of epileptic seizures with repeated ultrasound stimulation is achieved by regulating the changes in glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric acid levels, as confirmed by measurements of expressed c-Fos and GAD65 and multitemporal analysis of neurotransmitters in the interstitial fluid obtained via microdialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Choi
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Minseok Koo
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jaesoon Joo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Shon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jinhyoung Park
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
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Wang Y, Tsytsarev V, Liao LD. In vivo laser speckle contrast imaging of 4-aminopyridine- or pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036119. [PMID: 37781728 PMCID: PMC10541235 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies on epileptic seizures are closely linked to the study of neurovascular coupling. Obtaining reliable information about cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the area of epileptic activity through minimally invasive techniques is crucial for research in this field. In our studies, we used laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to gather information about the local blood circulation in the area of epileptic activity. We used two models of epileptic seizures: one based on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and another based on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). We verified the duration of an epileptic seizure using electrocorticography (ECoG). We applied the antiepileptic drug topiramate (TPM) to both models, but its effect was different in each case. However, in both models, TPM had an effect on neurovascular coupling in the area of epileptic activity, as shown by both LSCI and ECoG data. We demonstrated that TPM significantly reduced the amplitude of 4-AP-induced epileptic seizures (4-AP+TPM: 0.61 ± 0.13 mV vs 4-AP: 1.08 ± 0.19 mV; p < 0.05), and it also reduced gamma power in ECoG in PTZ-induced epileptic seizures (PTZ+TPM: 38.5% ± 11.9% of the peak value vs PTZ: 59.2% ± 3.0% of peak value; p < 0.05). We also captured the pattern of CBF changes during focal epileptic seizures induced by 4-AP. Our data confirm that the system of simultaneous cortical LSCI and registration of ECoG makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological agents in various types of epileptic seizures in in vivo models and provides spatial and temporal information on the process of ictogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
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Gleichgerrcht E, Dumitru M, Hartmann DA, Munsell BC, Kuzniecky R, Bonilha L, Sameni R. Seizure forecasting using machine learning models trained by seizure diaries. Physiol Meas 2022; 43:10.1088/1361-6579/aca6ca. [PMID: 36541513 PMCID: PMC9940727 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aca6ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives.People with refractory epilepsy are overwhelmed by the uncertainty of their next seizures. Accurate prediction of future seizures could greatly improve the quality of life for these patients. New evidence suggests that seizure occurrences can have cyclical patterns for some patients. Even though these cyclicalities are not intuitive, they can be identified by machine learning (ML), to identify patients with predictable vs unpredictable seizure patterns.Approach.Self-reported seizure logs of 153 patients from the Human Epilepsy Project with more than three reported seizures (totaling 8337 seizures) were used to obtain inter-seizure interval time-series for training and evaluation of the forecasting models. Two classes of prediction methods were studied: (1) statistical approaches using Bayesian fusion of population-wise and individual-wise seizure patterns; and (2) ML-based algorithms including least squares, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, support vector machine (SVM) regression, and long short-term memory regression. Leave-one-person-out cross-validation was used for training and evaluation, by training on seizure diaries of all except one subject and testing on the left-out subject.Main results.The leading forecasting models were the SVM regression and a statistical model that combined the median of population-wise seizure time-intervals with a test subject's prior seizure intervals. SVM was able to forecast 50%, 70%, 81%, 84%, and 87% of seizures of unseen subjects within 0, 1, 2, 3 to 4 d of mean absolute forecasting error, respectively. The subject-wise performances show that patients with more frequent seizures were generally better predicted.Significance.ML models can leverage non-random patterns within self-reported seizure diaries to forecast future seizures. While diary-based seizure forecasting alone is only one of many aspects of clinical care of patients with epilepsy, studying the level of predictability across seizures and patients paves the path towards a better understanding of predictable vs unpredictable seizures on individualized and population-wise bases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mircea Dumitru
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - David A. Hartmann
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Brent C. Munsell
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Leonardo Bonilha
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Reza Sameni
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Optical Property Measurement and Temperature Monitoring in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy by Diffuse Optical Tomography: A Correlation Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we propose a new approach utilizing diffuse optical tomography (DOT) to monitoring the changes in tissues’ optical properties and temperature in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. By correlating the tissue reduced scattering coefficient (μs’) reconstructed by DOT and the temperature measured by a thermocouple, the quantitative relationship between μs’ and temperature in HIFU treatment was explored. The experiments were conducted using porcine and chicken breast muscle tissues during HIFU; the temperature of each tissue sample was recorded using a thermocouple. To incorporate the temperature dependency of tissue optical properties, both polynomial and exponential models were utilized to fit the experimental data. The results show that the change of μs’ during HIFU treatment could be detected in real-time using DOT and that this change of μs’ is quantitatively correlated with tissue temperature. Furthermore, while the tissue-type-dependent relationship between μs’ and temperature is non-linear in nature, it is stable and repeatable. Therefore, our approach has the potential to be used to predict temperature of tissue during HIFU treatment.
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Current Review of Optical Neural Interfaces for Clinical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080925. [PMID: 34442547 PMCID: PMC8400671 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural interfaces, which enable the recording and stimulation of living neurons, have emerged as valuable tools in understanding the brain in health and disease, as well as serving as neural prostheses. While neural interfaces are typically based on electrical transduction, alternative energy modalities have been explored to create safe and effective approaches. Among these approaches, optical methods of linking neurons to the outside world have gained attention because light offers high spatial selectivity and decreased invasiveness. Here, we review the current state-of-art of optical neural interfaces and their clinical applications. Optical neural interfaces can be categorized into optical control and optical readout, each of which can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic approaches. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods and offer a comparison of relative performance. Future directions, including their clinical opportunities, are discussed with regard to the optical properties of biological tissue.
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Arnal-Real C, Mahmoudzadeh M, Manoochehri M, Nourhashemi M, Wallois F. What Triggers the Interictal Epileptic Spike? A Multimodal Multiscale Analysis of the Dynamic of Synaptic and Non-synaptic Neuronal and Vascular Compartments Using Electrical and Optical Measurements. Front Neurol 2021; 12:596926. [PMID: 33643187 PMCID: PMC7907164 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.596926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interictal spikes (IISs) may result from a disturbance of the intimate functional balance between various neuronal (synaptic and non-synaptic), vascular, and metabolic compartments. To better characterize the complex interactions within these compartments at different scales we developed a simultaneous multimodal-multiscale approach and measure their activity around the time of the IIS. We performed such measurements in an epileptic rat model (n = 43). We thus evaluated (1) synaptic dynamics by combining electrocorticography and multiunit activity recording in the time and time-frequency domain, (2) non-synaptic dynamics by recording modifications in light scattering induced by changes in the membrane configuration related to cell activity using the fast optical signal, and (3) vascular dynamics using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and, independently but simultaneously to the electrocorticography, the changes in cerebral blood flow using diffuse correlation spectroscopy. The first observed alterations in the measured signals occurred in the hemodynamic compartments a few seconds before the peak of the IIS. These hemodynamic changes were followed by changes in coherence and then synchronization between the deep and superficial neural networks in the 1 s preceding the IIS peaks. Finally, changes in light scattering before the epileptic spikes suggest a change in membrane configuration before the IIS. Our multimodal, multiscale approach highlights the complexity of (1) interactions between the various neuronal, vascular, and extracellular compartments, (2) neural interactions between various layers, (3) the synaptic mechanisms (coherence and synchronization), and (4) non-synaptic mechanisms that take place in the neuronal network around the time of the IISs in a very specific cerebral hemodynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Arnal-Real
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mana Manoochehri
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mina Nourhashemi
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Chen WL, Wagner J, Heugel N, Sugar J, Lee YW, Conant L, Malloy M, Heffernan J, Quirk B, Zinos A, Beardsley SA, Prost R, Whelan HT. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Clinical Application in the Field of Neuroscience: Advances and Future Directions. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:724. [PMID: 32742257 PMCID: PMC7364176 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) detects the changes of hemoglobin species inside the brain, but via differences in optical absorption. Within the near-infrared spectrum, light can penetrate biological tissues and be absorbed by chromophores, such as oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. What makes fNIRS more advantageous is its portability and potential for long-term monitoring. This paper reviews the basic mechanisms of fNIRS and its current clinical applications, the limitations toward more widespread clinical usage of fNIRS, and current efforts to improve the temporal and spatial resolution of fNIRS toward robust clinical usage within subjects. Oligochannel fNIRS is adequate for estimating global cerebral function and it has become an important tool in the critical care setting for evaluating cerebral oxygenation and autoregulation in patients with stroke and traumatic brain injury. When it comes to a more sophisticated utilization, spatial and temporal resolution becomes critical. Multichannel NIRS has improved the spatial resolution of fNIRS for brain mapping in certain task modalities, such as language mapping. However, averaging and group analysis are currently required, limiting its clinical use for monitoring and real-time event detection in individual subjects. Advances in signal processing have moved fNIRS toward individual clinical use for detecting certain types of seizures, assessing autonomic function and cortical spreading depression. However, its lack of accuracy and precision has been the major obstacle toward more sophisticated clinical use of fNIRS. The use of high-density whole head optode arrays, precise sensor locations relative to the head, anatomical co-registration, short-distance channels, and multi-dimensional signal processing can be combined to improve the sensitivity of fNIRS and increase its use as a wide-spread clinical tool for the robust assessment of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Wagner
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Nicholas Heugel
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeffrey Sugar
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Yu-Wen Lee
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lisa Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Marsha Malloy
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Joseph Heffernan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brendan Quirk
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anthony Zinos
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biochemical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Scott A Beardsley
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biochemical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Robert Prost
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Harry T Whelan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Kang J, Zhang HK, Kadam SD, Fedorko J, Valentine H, Malla AP, Yan P, Harraz MM, Kang JU, Rahmim A, Gjedde A, Loew LM, Wong DF, Boctor EM. Transcranial Recording of Electrophysiological Neural Activity in the Rodent Brain in vivo Using Functional Photoacoustic Imaging of Near-Infrared Voltage-Sensitive Dye. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:579. [PMID: 31447622 PMCID: PMC6696882 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally-invasive monitoring of electrophysiological neural activities in real-time-that enables quantification of neural functions without a need for invasive craniotomy and the longer time constants of fMRI and PET-presents a very challenging yet significant task for neuroimaging. In this paper, we present in vivo functional PA (fPA) imaging of chemoconvulsant rat seizure model with intact scalp using a fluorescence quenching-based cyanine voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) characterized by a lipid vesicle model mimicking different levels of membrane potential variation. The framework also involves use of a near-infrared VSD delivered through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), opened by pharmacological modulation of adenosine receptor signaling. Our normalized time-frequency analysis presented in vivo VSD response in the seizure group significantly distinguishable from those of the control groups at sub-mm spatial resolution. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording confirmed the changes of severity and frequency of brain activities, induced by chemoconvulsant seizures of the rat brain. The findings demonstrate that the near-infrared fPA VSD imaging is a promising tool for in vivo recording of brain activities through intact scalp, which would pave a way to its future translation in real time human brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeun Kang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haichong K. Zhang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shilpa D. Kadam
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Julie Fedorko
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Heather Valentine
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adarsha P. Malla
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ping Yan
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Maged M. Harraz
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leslie M. Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emad M. Boctor
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Spectral entropy indicates electrophysiological and hemodynamic changes in drug-resistant epilepsy - A multimodal MREG study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101763. [PMID: 30927607 PMCID: PMC6444290 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Epilepsy causes measurable irregularity over a range of brain signal frequencies, as well as autonomic nervous system functions that modulate heart and respiratory rate variability. Imaging dynamic neuronal signals utilizing simultaneously acquired ultra-fast 10 Hz magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG), direct current electroencephalography (DC-EEG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can provide a more comprehensive picture of human brain function. Spectral entropy (SE) is a nonlinear method to summarize signal power irregularity over measured frequencies. SE was used as a joint measure to study whether spectral signal irregularity over a range of brain signal frequencies based on synchronous multimodal brain signals could provide new insights in the neural underpinnings of epileptiform activity. Methods Ten patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and ten healthy controls (HC) were scanned with 10 Hz MREG sequence in combination with EEG, NIRS (measuring oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin: HbO, Hb, and HbT, respectively), and cardiorespiratory signals. After pre-processing, voxelwise SEMREG was estimated from MREG data. Different neurophysiological and physiological subfrequency band signals were further estimated from MREG, DC-EEG, and NIRS: fullband (0–5 Hz, FB), near FB (0.08–5 Hz, NFB), brain pulsations in very-low (0.009–0.08 Hz, VLFP), respiratory (0.12–0.4 Hz, RFP), and cardiac (0.7–1.6 Hz, CFP) frequency bands. Global dynamic fluctuations in MREG and NIRS were analyzed in windows of 2 min with 50% overlap. Results Right thalamus, cingulate gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and frontal pole showed significantly higher SEMREG in DRE patients compared to HC. In DRE patients, SE of cortical Hb was significantly reduced in FB (p = .045), NFB (p = .017), and CFP (p = .038), while both HbO and HbT were significantly reduced in RFP (p = .038, p = .045, respectively). Dynamic SE of HbT was reduced in DRE patients in RFP during minutes 2 to 6. Fitting to the frontal MREG and NIRS results, DRE patients showed a significant increase in SEEEG in FB in fronto-central and parieto-occipital regions, in VLFP in parieto-central region, accompanied with a significant decrease in RFP in frontal pole and parietal and occipital (O2, Oz) regions. Conclusion This is the first study to show altered spectral entropy from synchronous MREG, EEG, and NIRS in DRE patients. Higher SEMREG in DRE patients in anterior cingulate gyrus together with SEEEG and SENIRS results in 0.12–0.4 Hz can be linked to altered parasympathetic function and respiratory pulsations in the brain. Higher SEMREG in thalamus in DRE patients is connected to disturbances in anatomical and functional connections in epilepsy. Findings suggest that spectral irregularity of both electrophysiological and hemodynamic signals are altered in specific way depending on the physiological frequency range. Simultaneous imaging methods indicate spectral irregularity in neurovascular and electrophysiological brain pulsations in DRE. Altered spectral entropy in EEG, NIRS and BOLD indicate dysfunctional brain pulsations in respiratory frequency in epilepsy. Spectral irregularity (0-5 Hz) of BOLD in right thalamus supports previous structural and functional findings in epilepsy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE It has been challenging to detect early changes preceding seizure onset in patients with epilepsy. This study investigated the preictal discharges (PIDs) by intracranial electroencephalogram of 11 seizures from 7 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS The EEG segments consisting of 30 seconds before ictal onset and 5 seconds after ictal onset were selected for analysis. After PID detection, the amplitude and interval were measured. According to the timing of PID onset, the 30-second period preceding seizure onset was divided into two stages: before PID stage and PID stage. The autocorrelation coefficients during the two stages were calculated and compared. RESULTS Preictal discharge amplitude progressively increased, while PID interval gradually decreased toward seizure onset. The autocorrelation coefficients of PID channels were significantly higher during PID stage than before PID stage. There was an overlap between channels with PIDs and seizure onset channels (80.77%). CONCLUSIONS Preictal discharges emerge prior to ictal event, with a dynamic change and a spatial correlation with seizure onset zone. These findings deepen our understanding of seizure generation and help early prediction and localization of seizure onset zone.
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Seizure Detection and Network Dynamics of Generalized Convulsive Seizures: Towards Rational Designing of Closed-Loop Neuromodulation. NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL 2018; 2017:9606213. [PMID: 29387712 PMCID: PMC5745672 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9606213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Studies have demonstrated the utility of closed-loop neuromodulation in treating focal onset seizures. There is an utmost need of neurostimulation therapy for generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The study goals are to map the thalamocortical network dynamics during the generalized convulsive seizures and identify targets for reliable seizure detection. Methods Local field potentials were recorded from bilateral cortex, hippocampi, and centromedian thalami in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pentylenetetrazol was used to induce multiple convulsive seizures. The performances of two automated seizure detection methods (line length and P-operators) as a function of different cortical and subcortical structures were estimated. Multiple linear correlations-Granger's Causality was used to determine the effective connectivity. Results Of the 29 generalized tonic-clonic seizures analyzed, line length detected 100% of seizures in all the channels while the P-operator detected only 35% of seizures. The detection latencies were shortest in the thalamus in comparison to the cortex. There was a decrease in amplitude correlation within the thalamocortical network during the seizure, and flow of information was decreased from thalamus to hippocampal-parietal nodes. Significance The preclinical study confirms thalamus as a superior target for automated detection of generalized seizures and modulation of synchrony to increase coupling may be a strategy to abate seizures.
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Xi L, Jin T, Zhou J, Carney P, Jiang H. Hybrid photoacoustic and electrophysiological recording of neurovascular communications in freely-moving rats. Neuroimage 2017; 161:232-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Interictal Spikes Induced by Acute Models of Focal Epilepsy in Rats: A Simultaneous Electrocorticography and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Brain Topogr 2017; 30:390-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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A Closed Loop Brain-machine Interface for Epilepsy Control Using Dorsal Column Electrical Stimulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32814. [PMID: 27605389 PMCID: PMC5015048 DOI: 10.1038/srep32814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although electrical neurostimulation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for drug-resistant cases of epilepsy, current procedures such as deep brain stimulation, vagus, and trigeminal nerve stimulation are effective only in a fraction of the patients. Here we demonstrate a closed loop brain-machine interface that delivers electrical stimulation to the dorsal column (DCS) of the spinal cord to suppress epileptic seizures. Rats were implanted with cortical recording microelectrodes and spinal cord stimulating electrodes, and then injected with pentylenetetrazole to induce seizures. Seizures were detected in real time from cortical local field potentials, after which DCS was applied. This method decreased seizure episode frequency by 44% and seizure duration by 38%. We argue that the therapeutic effect of DCS is related to modulation of cortical theta waves, and propose that this closed-loop interface has the potential to become an effective and semi-invasive treatment for refractory epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
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15
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Sigal I, Koletar MM, Ringuette D, Gad R, Jeffrey M, Carlen PL, Stefanovic B, Levi O. Imaging brain activity during seizures in freely behaving rats using a miniature multi-modal imaging system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3596-3609. [PMID: 27699123 PMCID: PMC5030035 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report on a miniature label-free imaging system for monitoring brain blood flow and blood oxygenation changes in awake, freely behaving rats. The device, weighing 15 grams, enables imaging in a ∼ 2 × 2 mm field of view with 4.4 μm lateral resolution and 1 - 8 Hz temporal sampling rate. The imaging is performed through a chronically-implanted cranial window that remains optically clear between 2 to > 6 weeks after the craniotomy. This imaging method is well suited for longitudinal studies of chronic models of brain diseases and disorders. In this work, it is applied to monitoring neurovascular coupling during drug-induced absence-like seizures 6 weeks following the craniotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Sigal
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9,
Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4,
Canada
| | - Margaret M. Koletar
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5,
Canada
| | - Dene Ringuette
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9,
Canada
| | - Raanan Gad
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9,
Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4,
Canada
| | - Melanie Jeffrey
- Krembil Research Institute, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1,
Canada
| | - Peter L. Carlen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9,
Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1,
Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5,
Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5,
Canada
| | - Ofer Levi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9,
Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4,
Canada
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16
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Tang J, Xi L, Zhou J, Huang H, Zhang T, Carney PR, Jiang H. Noninvasive high-speed photoacoustic tomography of cerebral hemodynamics in awake-moving rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1224-32. [PMID: 26082016 PMCID: PMC4527999 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present a noninvasive method of photoacoustic tomography (PAT) for imaging cerebral hemodynamics in awake-moving rats. The wearable PAT (wPAT) system has a size of 15 mm in height and 33 mm in diameter, and a weight of ~8 g (excluding cabling). The wPAT achieved an imaging rate of 3.33 frames/s with a lateral resolution of 243 μm. Animal experiments were designed to show wPAT feasibility for imaging cerebral hemodynamics on awake-moving animals. Results showed that the cerebral oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin changed significantly in response to hyperoxia; and, after the injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), cerebral blood volume changed faster over time and larger in amplitude for rats in awake-moving state compared with rats under anesthesia. By providing a light-weight, high-resolution technology for in vivo monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics in awake-behaving animals, it will be possible to develop a comprehensive understanding on how activity alters hemodynamics in normal and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lei Xi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Junli Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paul R Carney
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Huabei Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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17
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Eberle MM, Hsu MS, Rodriguez CL, Szu JI, Oliveira MC, Binder DK, Park BH. Localization of cortical tissue optical changes during seizure activity in vivo with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1812-27. [PMID: 26137382 PMCID: PMC4467710 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high resolution, minimally invasive imaging technique, which can produce depth-resolved cross-sectional images. In this study, OCT was used to detect changes in the optical properties of cortical tissue in vivo in mice during the induction of global (pentylenetetrazol) and focal (4-aminopyridine) seizures. Through the use of a confidence interval statistical method on depth-resolved volumes of attenuation coefficient, we demonstrated localization of regions exhibiting both significant positive and negative changes in attenuation coefficient, as well as differentiating between global and focal seizure propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Eberle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Mike S. Hsu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Carissa L. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Jenny I. Szu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Michael C. Oliveira
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Devin K. Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - B. Hyle Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
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18
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Yang H, Zhang T, Zhou J, Carney PR, Jiang H. In vivo imaging of epileptic foci in rats using a miniature probe integrating diffuse optical tomography and electroencephalographic source localization. Epilepsia 2015; 56:94-100. [PMID: 25524046 PMCID: PMC4308439 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this work is to establish a new dual-modal brain-mapping technique based on diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and electroencephalographic source localization (ESL) that can chronically/intracranially record optical/electroencephalography (EEG) data to precisely map seizures and localize the seizure-onset zone and associated epileptic brain network. METHODS The dual-modal imaging system was employed to image seizures in an experimental acute bicuculline methiodide rat model of focal epilepsy. Depth information derived from DOT was used as constraint in ESL to enhance the image reconstruction. Groups of animals were compared based on localization of seizure foci, either at different positions or at different depths. RESULTS This novel imaging technique successfully localized the seizure-onset zone in rat induced by bicuculline methiodide injected at a depth of 1, 2, and 3 mm, respectively. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of the depth information from DOT into the ESL image reconstruction resulted in more accurate and reliable ESL images. Although the ESL images showed a horizontal shift of the source localization, the DOT identified the seizure focus accurately. In one case, when the bicuculline methiodide (BMI) was injected at a site outside the field of view (FOV) of the DOT/ESL interface, ESL gave false-positive detection of the focus, while DOT showed negative detection. SIGNIFICANCE This study represents the first to identify seizure-onset zone using implantable DOT. In addition, the combination of DOT/ESL has never been documented in neuroscience and epilepsy imaging. This technology will enable us to precisely measure the neural activity and hemodynamic response at exactly the same tissue site and at both cortical and subcortical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Junli Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Paul R. Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Szczurowska E, Mareš P. An antagonist of calcium permeable AMPA receptors, IEM1460: Anticonvulsant action in immature rats? Epilepsy Res 2014; 109:106-13. [PMID: 25524849 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors lacking GluA2 subunit are widely distributed in developing brain. IEM1460 as a specific antagonist of these receptors might be a potential age-specific anticonvulsant. Possible anticonvulsant action was assessed in two models of epileptic seizures: pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) - induced convulsions and cortical afterdischarges elicited in 12-, 18- and 25-day-old rats. IEM1460 was administered intraperitoneally in doses of 3, 10 and 20mg/kg. Pretreatment with IEM1460 at the dose of 20mg/kg resulted in delayed onset of PTZ-induced minimal clonic seizures in all age groups. PTZ-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures were suppressed in 18- and 25-day-old rats by 10 and 20mg/kg doses of IEM1460. Duration of cortical afterdischarges progressively increased with repeated stimulations in control 12-day-old rats. The IEM1460 dose of 10mg/kg fully blocked this prolongation and the 20-mg/kg dose partly suppressed it. Administration of IEM1460 had moderate proconvulsant effect on 18- and 25-day-old animals - afterdischarges were prolonged with repeated stimulations. The duration of cortical epileptic afterdischarges in adult (80-day-old) animals was not affected by IEM1460. Effects of IEM1460 are dependent on the model of seizures used, their ictogenic structures and developmental changes in subunit composition of AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczurowska
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Mareš
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhang T, Zhou J, Carney PR, Jiang H. Towards real-time detection of seizures in awake rats with GPU-accelerated diffuse optical tomography. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 240:28-36. [PMID: 25445250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancement in clinically relevant studies like seizure interruption using functional neuro imaging tools has shown that specific changes in hemodynamics precede and accompany seizure onset and propagation. However, preclinical seizure experiments need to be conducted in awake animals with images reconstructed and displayed in real-time. METHODS This article describes an approach that can be utilized to tackle these challenges. A subject specific head interface and restraining method was designed to allow for DOT to imaging of hemodynamic changes in unanesthetized rats during evoked acute seizures. Using CUDA programming model, the finite-element based nonlinear iterative algorithm for image reconstruction was parallelized. RESULTS Early hemodynamic changes were monitored in real time and observed tens of seconds prior to seizure onset. Utilizing the massive parallelization offered by graphic processing units (GPU), DOT was extended to online image reconstruction within 1s. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Pre-seizure state related hemodynamic changes were detected in awake rats. 3D monitoring of hemodynamic changes was performed in real time with our parallelized image reconstruction procedure. CONCLUSION Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a promising neuroimaging tool for the investigation of seizures in awake animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Junli Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paul R Carney
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Huabei Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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