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Holmström A, Meriläinen A, Hyvönen J, Nolvi A, Ylitalo T, Steffen K, Björkenheim R, Strömberg G, Nieminen HJ, Kassamakov I, Pajarinen J, Hupa L, Salmi A, Hæggström E, Lindfors NC. Evaluation of bone growth around bioactive glass S53P4 by scanning acoustic microscopy co-registered with optical interferometry and elemental analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6646. [PMID: 37095138 PMCID: PMC10126192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glass (BAG) is a bone substitute that can be used in orthopaedic surgery. Following implantation, the BAG is expected to be replaced by bone via bone growth and gradual degradation of the BAG. However, the hydroxyapatite mineral forming on BAG resembles bone mineral, not providing sufficient contrast to distinguish the two in X-ray images. In this study, we co-registered coded-excitation scanning acoustic microscopy (CESAM), scanning white light interferometry (SWLI), and scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) (SEM-EDX) to investigate the bone growth and BAG reactions on a micron scale in a rabbit bone ex vivo. The acoustic impedance map recorded by the CESAM provides high elasticity-associated contrast to study materials and their combinations, while simultaneously producing a topography map of the sample. The acoustic impedance map correlated with the elemental analysis from SEM-EDX. SWLI also produces a topography map, but with higher resolution than CESAM. The two topography maps (CESAM and SWLI) were in good agreement. Furthermore, using information from both maps simultaneously produced by the CESAM (acoustic impedance and topography) allowed determining regions-of-interest related to bone formation around the BAG with greater ease than from either map alone. CESAM is therefore a promising tool for evaluating the degradation of bone substitutes and the bone healing process ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axi Holmström
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Antti Meriläinen
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Hyvönen
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anton Nolvi
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Ylitalo
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Steffen
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Björkenheim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gustav Strömberg
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki J Nieminen
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ivan Kassamakov
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Salmi
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Edward Hæggström
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina C Lindfors
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Awad A, Fina F, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Advances in powder bed fusion 3D printing in drug delivery and healthcare. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:406-424. [PMID: 33951489 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Powder bed fusion (PBF) is a 3D printing method that selectively consolidates powders into 3D objects using a power source. PBF has various derivatives; selective laser sintering/melting, direct metal laser sintering, electron beam melting and multi-jet fusion. These technologies provide a multitude of benefits that make them well suited for the fabrication of bespoke drug-laden formulations, devices and implants. This includes their superior printing resolution and speed, and ability to produce objects without the need for secondary supports, enabling them to precisely create complex products. Herein, this review article outlines the unique applications of PBF 3D printing, including the main principles underpinning its technologies and highlighting their novel pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The challenges and shortcomings are also considered, emphasising on their effects on the 3D printed products, whilst providing a forward-thinking view.
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Inoue M, Kiefer O, Fischer B, Breitkreutz J. Raman monitoring of semi-continuously manufactured orodispersible films for individualized dosing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Quasi-Dynamic Dissolution of Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers Loaded with Piroxicam. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100491. [PMID: 31554258 PMCID: PMC6835728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated and monitored in situ the wetting and dissolution properties of polymeric nanofibers and determined the solid-state of a drug during dissolution. Piroxicam (PRX) was used as a low-dose and poorly-soluble model drug, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polydextrose (PD) were used as carrier polymers for electrospinning (ES). The initial-stage dissolution of the nanofibers was monitored in situ with three-dimensional white light microscopic interferometry (SWLI) and high-resolution optical microscopy. The physical solid-state characterization of nanofibers was performed with Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We showed that PRX recrystallizes in a microcrystalline form immediately after wetting of nanofibers, which could lead to enhanced dissolution of drug. Initiation of crystal formation was detected by SWLI, indicating: (1) that PRX was partially released from the nanofibers, and (2) that the solid-state form of PRX changed from amorphous to crystalline. The amount, shape, and size of the PRX crystals depended on the carrier polymer used in the nanofibers and dissolution media (pH). In conclusion, the present nanofibers loaded with PRX exhibit a quasi-dynamic dissolution via recrystallization. SWLI enables a rapid, non-contacting, and non-destructive method for in situ monitoring the early-stage dissolution of nanofibers and regional mapping of crystalline changes (re-crystallization) during wetting. Such analysis is crucial because the wetting and dissolution of nanofibers can greatly influence the performance of nanofibrous drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Arafat B, Qinna N, Cieszynska M, Forbes RT, Alhnan MA. Tailored on demand anti-coagulant dosing: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 3D printed purpose-designed oral dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:282-289. [PMID: 29673871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin therapy has been associated with high levels of inter- and intra-individual variation in the required dose to reach a therapeutic anticoagulation outcome. Therefore, a dynamic system that is able to achieve accurate delivery of a warfarin dose is of significant importance. Here we assess the ability of 3D printing to fabricate and deliver tailored individualised precision dosing using in-vitro and in-vivo models. Sodium warfarin loaded filaments were compounded using hot melt extrusion (HME) and further fabricated via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing to produce capsular-ovoid-shaped dosage forms loaded at 200 or 400 µg dose. The solid dosage forms and comparator warfarin aqueous solutions were administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats. A novel UV imaging approach indicated that the erosion of the methacrylate matrix was at a rate of 16.4 and 15.2 µm/min for horizontal and vertical planes respectively. In vivo, 3D printed forms were as proportionately effective as their comparative solution form in doubling plasma exposure following a doubling of warfarin dose (184% versus 192% respectively). The 3D printed ovoids showed a lower Cmax of warfarin (1.51 and 3.33 mg/mL versus 2.5 and 6.44 mg/mL) and a longer Tmax (6 and 3.7 versus 4 and 1.5 h) in comparison to liquid formulation. This work demonstrates for the first time in vivo, the potential of FDM 3D printing to produce a tailored specific dosage form and to accurately titrate coumarin dose response to an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Arafat
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK; Faculty of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Nidal Qinna
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Milena Cieszynska
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Robert T Forbes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
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Montonen R, Kassamakov I, Lehmann P, Österberg K, Hæggström E. Group refractive index quantification using a Fourier domain short coherence Sagnac interferometer. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:887-890. [PMID: 29444019 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The group refractive index is important in length calibration of Fourier domain interferometers by transparent transfer standards. We demonstrate accurate group refractive index quantification using a Fourier domain short coherence Sagnac interferometer. Because of a justified linear length calibration function, the calibration constants cancel out in the evaluation of the group refractive index, which is then obtained accurately from two uncalibrated lengths. Measurements of two standard thickness coverslips revealed group indices of 1.5426±0.0042 and 1.5434±0.0046, with accuracies quoted at the 95% confidence level. This agreed with the dispersion data of the coverslip manufacturer and therefore validates our method. Our method provides a sample specific and accurate group refractive index quantification using the same Fourier domain interferometer that is to be calibrated for the length. This reduces significantly the requirements of the calibration transfer standard.
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Markl D, Zeitler A, Rades T, Rantanen J, Bøtker J. Toward quality assessment of 3D printed oral dosage forms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The additive manufacturing industry achieved a corporate annual growth rate of 25.9% according to the Forbes analysis of the Wohlers Report 2016. This high growth rate is placed in perspective when looking at the past 27 years where the corporate annual growth rate has averaged 26.2% each year indicating that additive manufacturing is clearly a growing industry. Such growth needs to be supported by suitable quality testing methods: with the economic success achieved in this market and the associated transition from mass production toward mass customization comes the need for new and innovative methods to assess the quality of the 3D printed geometries. This will be especially important for pharmaceutical products where a sub-standard quality of the final product can have detrimental consequences for patient health and safety. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markl
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bioactive Potential of 3D-Printed Oleo-Gum-Resin Disks: B. papyrifera, C. myrrha, and S. benzoin Loading Nanooxides-TiO 2, P25, Cu 2O, and MoO 3. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2017; 2017:6398167. [PMID: 28811751 PMCID: PMC5547715 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6398167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This experimental study investigates the bioactive potential of filaments produced via hot melt extrusion (HME) and intended for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing purposes. The oleo-gum-resins from benzoin, myrrha, and olibanum in pure state and also charged with 10% of metal oxide nanoparticles, TiO2, P25, Cu2O, and MoO3, were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Disks were 3D-printed into model geometries (10 × 5 mm) and the disk-diffusion methodology was used for the evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of materials in study against the clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Due to their intrinsic properties, disks containing resins in pure state mostly prevent surface-associated growth; meanwhile, disks loaded with 10% oxides prevent planktonic growth of microorganisms in the susceptibility assay. The microscopy analysis showed that part of nanoparticles was encapsulated by the biopolymeric matrix of resins, in most cases remaining disorderly dispersed over the surface of resins. Thermal analysis shows that plant resins have peculiar characteristics, with a thermal behavior similar to commercial available semicrystalline polymers, although their structure consists of a mix of organic compounds.
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Markl D, Zeitler JA, Rasch C, Michaelsen MH, Müllertz A, Rantanen J, Rades T, Bøtker J. Analysis of 3D Prints by X-ray Computed Microtomography and Terahertz Pulsed Imaging. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1037-1052. [PMID: 28004318 PMCID: PMC5382186 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A 3D printer was used to realise compartmental dosage forms containing multiple active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) formulations. This work demonstrates the microstructural characterisation of 3D printed solid dosage forms using X-ray computed microtomography (XμCT) and terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI). METHODS Printing was performed with either polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polylactic acid (PLA). The structures were examined by XμCT and TPI. Liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) formulations containing saquinavir and halofantrine were incorporated into the 3D printed compartmentalised structures and in vitro drug release determined. RESULTS A clear difference in terms of pore structure between PVA and PLA prints was observed by extracting the porosity (5.5% for PVA and 0.2% for PLA prints), pore length and pore volume from the XμCT data. The print resolution and accuracy was characterised by XμCT and TPI on the basis of the computer-aided design (CAD) models of the dosage form (compartmentalised PVA structures were 7.5 ± 0.75% larger than designed; n = 3). CONCLUSIONS The 3D printer can reproduce specific structures very accurately, whereas the 3D prints can deviate from the designed model. The microstructural information extracted by XμCT and TPI will assist to gain a better understanding about the performance of 3D printed dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markl
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Cecilie Rasch
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Høtoft Michaelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Scarpa M, Stegemann S, Hsiao WK, Pichler H, Gaisford S, Bresciani M, Paudel A, Orlu M. Orodispersible films: Towards drug delivery in special populations. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:327-335. [PMID: 28302515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODF) hold promise as a novel delivery method, with the potential to deliver tailored therapies to different patient populations. This article reviews the current strides of ODF technology and some of its unmet quality and manufacturing aspects. A topic highlights opportunities and limitations of inkjet printed ODF as a population-specific drug delivery. Overall, this article aims to stimulate further research to fill the current knowledge gap between manufacturing and administration requirements of ODF targeting specific patient subpopulations such as geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Kai Hsiao
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Pichler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Gaisford
- School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amrit Paudel
- Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
| | - Mine Orlu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Norman J, Madurawe RD, Moore CM, Khan MA, Khairuzzaman A. A new chapter in pharmaceutical manufacturing: 3D-printed drug products. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 108:39-50. [PMID: 27001902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FDA recently approved a 3D-printed drug product in August 2015, which is indicative of a new chapter for pharmaceutical manufacturing. This review article summarizes progress with 3D printed drug products and discusses process development for solid oral dosage forms. 3D printing is a layer-by-layer process capable of producing 3D drug products from digital designs. Traditional pharmaceutical processes, such as tablet compression, have been used for decades with established regulatory pathways. These processes are well understood, but antiquated in terms of process capability and manufacturing flexibility. 3D printing, as a platform technology, has competitive advantages for complex products, personalized products, and products made on-demand. These advantages create opportunities for improving the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of medicines. Although 3D printing differs from traditional manufacturing processes for solid oral dosage forms, risk-based process development is feasible. This review highlights how product and process understanding can facilitate the development of a control strategy for different 3D printing methods. Overall, the authors believe that the recent approval of a 3D printed drug product will stimulate continual innovation in pharmaceutical manufacturing technology. FDA encourages the development of advanced manufacturing technologies, including 3D-printing, using science- and risk-based approaches.
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Montonen R, Kassamakov I, Hæggström E, Österberg K. Calibration of Fourier domain short coherence interferometer for absolute distance measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:4635-4639. [PMID: 26192496 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We calibrated and determined the measurement uncertainty of a custom-made Fourier domain short coherence interferometer operated in laboratory conditions. We compared the optical thickness of two thickness standards and three coverslips determined with our interferometer to the geometric thickness determined by SEM. Using this calibration data, we derived a calibration function with a 95% confidence level system uncertainty of (5.9×10(-3)r+2.3) μm, where r is the optical distance in μm, across the 240 μm optical measurement range. The confidence limit includes contributions from uncertainties in the optical thickness, geometric thickness, and refractive index measurements as well as uncertainties arising from cosine errors and thermal expansion. The results show feasibility for noncontacting absolute distance characterization with micrometer-level accuracy. This instrument is intended for verifying the alignment of the discs of an accelerating structure in the possible future compact linear collider.
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Skowyra J, Pietrzak K, Alhnan MA. Fabrication of extended-release patient-tailored prednisolone tablets via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 68:11-7. [PMID: 25460545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable tailoring of the dose of controlled release tablets to suit an individual patient is a major challenge for personalized medicine. The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) based 3D printer to fabricate extended release tablet using prednisolone loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) filaments and to control its dose. Prednisolone was loaded into a PVA-based (1.75 mm) filament at approximately 1.9% w/w via incubation in a saturated methanolic solution of prednisolone. The physical form of the drug was assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Dose accuracy and in vitro drug release patterns were assessed using HPLC and pH change flow-through dissolution test. Prednisolone loaded PVA filament demonstrated an ability to be fabricated into regular ellipse-shaped solid tablets using the FDM-based 3D printer. It was possible to control the mass of printed tablet through manipulating the volume of the design (R(2) = 0.9983). On printing tablets with target drug contents of 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5 and 10mg, a good correlation between target and achieved dose was obtained (R(2) = 0.9904) with a dose accuracy range of 88.7-107%. Thermal analysis and XRPD indicated that the majority of prednisolone existed in amorphous form within the tablets. In vitro drug release from 3D printed tablets was extended up to 24h. FDM based 3D printing is a promising method to produce and control the dose of extended release tablets, providing a highly adjustable, affordable, minimally sized, digitally controlled platform for producing patient-tailored medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Skowyra
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pietrzak
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
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Nganga S, Moritz N, Kolakovic R, Jakobsson K, Nyman JO, Borgogna M, Travan A, Crosera M, Donati I, Vallittu PK, Sandler N. Inkjet printing of Chitlac-nanosilver—a method to create functional coatings for non-metallic bone implants. Biofabrication 2014; 6:041001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/4/041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Raijada D, Genina N, Fors D, Wisaeus E, Peltonen J, Rantanen J, Sandler N. Designing Printable Medicinal Products: Solvent System and Carrier-Substrate Screening. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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