1
|
Mu X, Hu L, Cheng Y, Fang Y, Sun M. Chiral surface plasmon-enhanced chiral spectroscopy: principles and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:581-601. [PMID: 33410859 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the development context and scientific research results of chiral surface plasmons (SPs) in recent years are classified and described in detail. First, the principle of chiral SPs is introduced through classical and quantum theory. Following this, the classification and properties of different chiral structures, as well as the superchiral near-field, are introduced in detail. Second, we describe the excitation and propagation properties of chiral SPs, which lays a good foundation for the application of chiral SPs and their chiral spectra in various fields. After that, we have summarized the recent research results of chiral SPs and their applications in the areas of biology, two-dimensional materials, topological materials, analytical chemistry, chiral sensing, chiral optical force, and chiral light detection. Chiral SPs are a new type of optical phenomenon that have useful application potential in many fields and are worth exploring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao Mu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Li Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Detection, Control and Integrated System, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Cheng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Yurui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soltani N, Agio M. Planar antenna designs for efficient coupling between a single emitter and an optical fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30830-30841. [PMID: 31684326 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence detection is a well-established readout method for sensing, especially for in-vitro diagnostics (IVD). A practical way to guide the emitted signal to a detector is by means of an optical fiber. However, coupling fluorescence into a fiber is challenging and commonly lacks single-molecule sensitivity. In this work, we investigate specific fiber geometries, materials and coatings that in combination with a planar Yagi-Uda antenna reach efficient excitation and collection. The simulation of a practical setting determines more than 70% coupling efficiency for a horizontally oriented dipole, with respect to the planar antenna, emitting at 700 nm and embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Moreover, the coupling efficiency would only scale by a factor of 2/3 for emitters with random orientation, as a result of the antenna geometry. These findings are relevant for single-molecule detection with fiber optics and have implications for other applications involving the coupling of light with nano-scale sources and detectors. Scanning the surface of a sample with such fibers could also be advantageous for imaging techniques to provide a low background noise and a high resolution.
Collapse
|
3
|
Żołnacz K, Musiał A, Srocka N, Große J, Schlösinger MJ, Schneider PI, Kravets O, Mikulicz M, Olszewski J, Poturaj K, Wójcik G, Mergo P, Dybka K, Dyrkacz M, Dłubek M, Rodt S, Burger S, Zschiedrich L, Sęk G, Reitzenstein S, Urbańczyk W. Method for direct coupling of a semiconductor quantum dot to an optical fiber for single-photon source applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26772-26785. [PMID: 31674552 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an effective method for direct fiber coupling of a quantum dot (QD) that is deterministically incorporated into a cylindrical mesa. For precise positioning of the fiber with respect to the QD-mesa, we use a scanning procedure relying on interference of light reflected back from the fiber end-face and the top surface of the mesa, applicable for both single-mode and multi-mode fibers. The central part of the fiber end-face is etched to control the required distance between the top surface of the mesa and the fiber core. Emission around 1260 nm from a fiber-coupled InGaAs/GaAs QD is demonstrated and its stability is proven over multiple cooling cycles. Moreover, a single photon character of emission from such system for a line emitting above 1200 nm is proven experimentally by photon autocorrelation measurements with an obtained value of the second order correlation function at zero time-delay well below 0.5.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W, Du J, Nic Chormaic S. Tailoring a nanofiber for enhanced photon emission and coupling efficiency from single quantum emitters. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1674-1677. [PMID: 29652337 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach to enhance the spontaneous emission rate of single quantum emitters in an optical nanofiber-based cavity by introducing a narrow air-filled groove into the cavity. Our results show that the Purcell factor for single quantum emitters inside the groove of the nanofiber-based cavity can be at least six times greater than for such an emitter on the fiber surface when using an optimized cavity mode and groove width. Moreover, the coupling efficiency of single quantum emitters into the guided mode of this nanofiber-based cavity can reach up to ∼80% with only 35 cavity-grating periods. This new system has the potential to act as an all-fiber platform to realize efficient coupling of photons from single emitters into an optical fiber for quantum information applications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yonezu Y, Wakui K, Furusawa K, Takeoka M, Semba K, Aoki T. Efficient Single-Photon Coupling from a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Embedded in a Diamond Nanowire Utilizing an Optical Nanofiber. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12985. [PMID: 29021540 PMCID: PMC5636877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising solid-state quantum emitters that can be utilized for photonic quantum applications. Various diamond nanophotonic devices have been fabricated for efficient extraction of single photons emitted from NV centers to a single guided mode. However, for constructing scalable quantum networks, further efficient coupling of single photons to a guided mode of a single-mode fiber (SMF) is indispensable and a difficult challenge. Here, we propose a novel efficient hybrid system between an optical nanofiber and a cylindrical-structured diamond nanowire. The maximum coupling efficiency as high as 75% for the sum of both fiber ends is obtained by numerical simulations. The proposed hybrid system will provide a simple and efficient interface between solid-state quantum emitters and a SMF suitable for constructing scalable quantum networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yonezu
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Wakui
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Furusawa
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeoka
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Semba
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Aoki
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wiring up pre-characterized single-photon emitters by laser lithography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31135. [PMID: 27507165 PMCID: PMC4979026 DOI: 10.1038/srep31135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Future quantum optical chips will likely be hybrid in nature and include many single-photon emitters, waveguides, filters, as well as single-photon detectors. Here, we introduce a scalable optical localization-selection-lithography procedure for wiring up a large number of single-photon emitters via polymeric photonic wire bonds in three dimensions. First, we localize and characterize nitrogen vacancies in nanodiamonds inside a solid photoresist exhibiting low background fluorescence. Next, without intermediate steps and using the same optical instrument, we perform aligned three-dimensional laser lithography. As a proof of concept, we design, fabricate, and characterize three-dimensional functional waveguide elements on an optical chip. Each element consists of one single-photon emitter centered in a crossed-arc waveguide configuration, allowing for integrated optical excitation and efficient background suppression at the same time.
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel RN, Schröder T, Wan N, Li L, Mouradian SL, Chen EH, Englund DR. Efficient photon coupling from a diamond nitrogen vacancy center by integration with silica fiber. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16032. [PMID: 30167144 PMCID: PMC6062425 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A central goal in quantum information science is to efficiently interface photons with single optical modes for quantum networking and distributed quantum computing. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a compact and efficient method for the low-loss coupling of a solid-state qubit, the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond, with a single-mode optical fiber. In this approach, single-mode tapered diamond waveguides containing exactly one high quality NV memory are selected and integrated on tapered silica fibers. Numerical optimization of an adiabatic coupler indicates that near-unity-efficiency photon transfer is possible between the two modes. Experimentally, we find an overall collection efficiency between 16% and 37% and estimate a single photon count rate at saturation above 700 kHz. This integrated system enables robust, alignment-free, and efficient interfacing of single-mode optical fibers with single photon emitters and quantum memories in solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi N Patel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Noel Wan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luozhou Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sara L Mouradian
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward H Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dirk R Englund
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nagai R, Aoki T. Ultra-low-loss tapered optical fibers with minimal lengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:28427-28436. [PMID: 25402084 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.028427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We design and fabricate ultra-low-loss tapered optical fibers (TOFs) with minimal lengths. We first optimize variations of the torch scan length using the flame-brush method for fabricating TOFs with taper angles that satisfy the adiabaticity criteria. We accordingly fabricate TOFs with optimal shapes and compare their transmission to TOFs with a constant taper angle and TOFs with an exponential shape. The highest transmission measured for TOFs with an optimal shape is in excess of 99.7% with a total TOF length of only 23 mm, whereas TOFs with a constant taper angle of 2 mrad reach 99.6% transmission for a 63 mm TOF length.
Collapse
|