1
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Poding LH, Jägers P, Herlitze S, Huhn M. Diversity and function of fluorescent molecules in marine animals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1391-1410. [PMID: 38468189 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence in marine animals has mainly been studied in Cnidaria but is found in many different phyla such as Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Chordata. While many fluorescent proteins and molecules have been identified, very little information is available about the biological functions of fluorescence. In this review, we focus on describing the occurrence of fluorescence in marine animals and the behavioural and physiological functions of fluorescent molecules based on experimental approaches. These biological functions of fluorescence range from prey and symbiont attraction, photoprotection, photoenhancement, stress mitigation, mimicry, and aposematism to inter- and intraspecific communication. We provide a comprehensive list of marine taxa that utilise fluorescence, including demonstrated effects on behavioural or physiological responses. We describe the numerous known functions of fluorescence in anthozoans and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We also highlight that other marine taxa should be studied regarding the functions of fluorescence. We suggest that an increase in research effort in this field could contribute to understanding the capacity of marine animals to respond to negative effects of climate change, such as rising sea temperatures and increasing intensities of solar irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Poding
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Peter Jägers
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Mareike Huhn
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
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2
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Clarke DN, Rose NH, De Meulenaere E, Rosental B, Pearse JS, Pearse VB, Deheyn DD. Fluorescent proteins generate a genetic color polymorphism and counteract oxidative stress in intertidal sea anemones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317017121. [PMID: 38457522 PMCID: PMC10945830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317017121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are ubiquitous tools in research, yet their endogenous functions in nature are poorly understood. In this work, we describe a combination of functions for FPs in a clade of intertidal sea anemones whose FPs control a genetic color polymorphism together with the ability to combat oxidative stress. Focusing on the underlying genetics of a fluorescent green "Neon" color morph, we show that allelic differences in a single FP gene generate its strong and vibrant color, by increasing both molecular brightness and FP gene expression level. Natural variation in FP sequences also produces differences in antioxidant capacity. We demonstrate that these FPs are strong antioxidants that can protect live cells against oxidative stress. Finally, based on structural modeling of the responsible amino acids, we propose a model for FP antioxidant function that is driven by molecular surface charge. Together, our findings shed light on the multifaceted functions that can co-occur within a single FP and provide a framework for studying the evolution of fluorescence as it balances spectral and physiological functions in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nathaniel Clarke
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA93950
| | - Noah H. Rose
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA93950
| | - Evelien De Meulenaere
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Benyamin Rosental
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva84105, Israel
| | - John S. Pearse
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95060
| | - Vicki Buchsbaum Pearse
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA93950
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95060
| | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92037
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3
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Jin Y, Bae J, Kim TY, Hwang H, Kim T, Yu M, Oh H, Hashiya K, Bando T, Sugiyama H, Jo K. Twelve Colors of Streptavidin–Fluorescent Proteins (SA-FPs): A Versatile Tool to Visualize Genetic Information in Single-Molecule DNA. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16927-16935. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Tehee Yurie Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Hyeseung Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Myungheon Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Hyesoo Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Kaori Hashiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kyubong Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
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4
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CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of glucan synthase in Nannochloropsis gaditana attenuates accumulation of β-1,3-glucose oligomers. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Lie PPY, Yang DS, Stavrides P, Goulbourne CN, Zheng P, Mohan PS, Cataldo AM, Nixon RA. Post-Golgi carriers, not lysosomes, confer lysosomal properties to pre-degradative organelles in normal and dystrophic axons. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109034. [PMID: 33910020 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal trafficking and maturation in neurons remain poorly understood and are unstudied in vivo despite high disease relevance. We generated neuron-specific transgenic mice to track vesicular CTSD acquisition, acidification, and traffic within the autophagic-lysosomal pathway in vivo, revealing that mature lysosomes are restricted from axons. Moreover, TGN-derived transport carriers (TCs), not lysosomes, supply lysosomal components to axonal organelles. Ultrastructurally distinctive TCs containing TGN and lysosomal markers enter axons, engaging autophagic vacuoles and late endosomes. This process is markedly upregulated in dystrophic axons of Alzheimer models. In cultured neurons, most axonal LAMP1 vesicles are weakly acidic TCs that shuttle lysosomal components bidirectionally, conferring limited degradative capability to retrograde organelles before they mature fully to lysosomes within perikarya. The minor LAMP1 subpopulation attaining robust acidification are retrograde Rab7+ endosomes/amphisomes, not lysosomes. Restricted lysosome entry into axons explains the unique lysosome distribution in neurons and their vulnerability toward neuritic dystrophy in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl P Y Lie
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dun-Sheng Yang
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Philip Stavrides
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Chris N Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Ping Zheng
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Panaiyur S Mohan
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anne M Cataldo
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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6
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Dos Santos NV, Saponi CF, Ryan TM, Primo FL, Greaves TL, Pereira JFB. Reversible and irreversible fluorescence activity of the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein in pH: Insights for the development of pH-biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3474-3484. [PMID: 32882278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) is a biomolecule with intense and natural fluorescence, with biological and medical applications. Although widely used as a biomarker in research, its application as a biosensor is limited by the lack of in-depth knowledge regarding its structure and behavior in adverse conditions. This study is focused on addressing this need by evaluating EGFP activity and structure at different pH using three-dimensional fluorescence, circular dichroism and small-angle X-ray scattering. The focus was on the reversibility of the process to gain insights for the development of biocompatible pH-biosensors. EGFP was highly stable at alkaline pH and quenched from neutral-to-acidic pH. Above pH 6.0, the fluorescence loss was almost completely reversible on return to neutral pH, but only partially reversible from pH 5.0 to 2.0. This work updates the knowledge regarding EGFP behavior in pH by accounting for the recent data on its structure. Hence, it is evident that EGFP presents the required properties for use as natural, biocompatible and environmentally friendly neutral to acidic pH-biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vieira Dos Santos
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolina Falaschi Saponi
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Fernando L Primo
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Hederagenin potentiated cisplatin- and paclitaxel-mediated cytotoxicity by impairing autophagy in lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:611. [PMID: 32792495 PMCID: PMC7426971 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy inhibition has been demonstrated to increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. In this study, we identified hederagenin, a triterpenoid derived from Hedera helix, as a potent inhibitor of autophagy and then hypothesized that hederagenin might synergize with chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., cisplatin and paclitaxel) to kill lung cancer cells. Firstly, we observed that hederagenin induced the increased autophagosomes in lung cancer cells concomitantly with the upregulation of LC3-II and p62, which indicated the impairment of autophagic flux. The colocalization assay indicated hederagenin could not block the fusion of lysosomes and autophagosomes, whereas the lysosomal acidification might be inhibited by hederagenin as revealed by the reduced staining of acidity-sensitive reagents (i.e., Lysotracker and acridine orange). The aberrant acidic environment then impaired the function of lysosome, which was evidenced by the decrease of mature cathepsin B and cathepsin D. Lastly, hederagenin, in agree with our hypothesis, promoted pro-apoptotic effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); while the synergistic effect could be abolished by the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine. These data summarily demonstrated hederagenin-induced accumulation of ROS by blocking autophagic flux potentiated the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and paclitaxel in lung cancer cells.
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8
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Pope JR, Johnson RL, Jamieson WD, Worthy HL, Kailasam S, Ahmed RD, Taban I, Auhim HS, Watkins DW, Rizkallah PJ, Castell OK, Jones DD. Association of Fluorescent Protein Pairs and Its Significant Impact on Fluorescence and Energy Transfer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2003167. [PMID: 33437587 PMCID: PMC7788595 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are commonly used in pairs to monitor dynamic biomolecular events through changes in proximity via distance dependent processes such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The impact of FP association is assessed by predicting dimerization sites in silico and stabilizing the dimers by bio-orthogonal covalent linkages. In each tested case dimerization changes inherent fluorescence, including FRET. GFP homodimers demonstrate synergistic behavior with the dimer being brighter than the sum of the monomers. The homodimer structure reveals the chromophores are close with favorable transition dipole alignments and a highly solvated interface. Heterodimerization (GFP with Venus) results in a complex with ≈87% FRET efficiency, significantly below the 99.7% efficiency predicted. A similar efficiency is observed when the wild-type FPs are fused to a naturally occurring protein-protein interface system. GFP complexation with mCherry results in loss of mCherry fluorescence. Thus, simple assumptions used when monitoring interactions between proteins via FP FRET may not always hold true, especially under conditions whereby the protein-protein interactions promote FP interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Pope
- Molecular BiosciencesSchool of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Rachel L. Johnson
- Molecular BiosciencesSchool of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | | | - Harley L. Worthy
- Molecular BiosciencesSchool of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
- Present address:
Henry Wellcome Building for BiocatalysisBiosciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Senthilkumar Kailasam
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation CentreMontrealQuebecH3A 0G1Canada
- Department of Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Rochelle D. Ahmed
- Molecular BiosciencesSchool of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Ismail Taban
- Molecular BiosciencesSchool of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Husam Sabah Auhim
- Molecular BiosciencesSchool of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
- Department of BiologyCollege of ScienceUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq
| | - Daniel W. Watkins
- Molecular BiosciencesSchool of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
- Present address:
School of BiochemistryUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1QUUK
| | | | | | - D. Dafydd Jones
- Molecular BiosciencesSchool of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
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9
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Muslinkina L, Roldán-Salgado A, Gaytán P, Juárez-González VR, Rudiño E, Pletneva N, Pletnev V, Dauter Z, Pletnev S. Structural Factors Enabling Successful GFP-Like Proteins with Alanine as the Third Chromophore-Forming Residue. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1397-1408. [PMID: 30797856 PMCID: PMC6544178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
GFP-like proteins from lancelets (lanFPs) is a new and least studied group that already generated several outstanding biomarkers (mNeonGreen is the brightest FP to date) and has some unique features. Here, we report the study of four homologous lanFPs with GYG and GYA chromophores. Until recently, it was accepted that the third chromophore-forming residue in GFP-like proteins should be glycine, and efforts to replace it were in vain. Now, we have the first structure of a fluorescent protein with a successfully matured chromophore that has alanine as the third chromophore-forming residue. Consideration of the protein structures revealed two alternative routes of posttranslational transformation, resulting in either chromophore maturation or hydrolysis of GYG/GYA tripeptide. Both transformations are catalyzed by the same set of catalytic residues, Arg88 and Glu35-Wat-Glu211 cluster, whereas the residues in positions 62 and 102 shift the equilibrium between chromophore maturation and hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Muslinkina
- Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Abigail Roldán-Salgado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Paul Gaytán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Víctor R Juárez-González
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Enrique Rudiño
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Nadya Pletneva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Pletnev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Zbigniew Dauter
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sergei Pletnev
- Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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Himmelstoß SF, Hirsch T. A critical comparison of lanthanide based upconversion nanoparticles to fluorescent proteins, semiconductor quantum dots, and carbon dots for use in optical sensing and imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2019; 7:022002. [PMID: 30822759 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab0bfa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The right choice of a fluorescent probe is essential for successful luminescence imaging and sensing and especially concerning in vivo and in vitro applications, the development of new classes have gained more and more attention in the last years. One of the most promising class are upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-inorganic nanocrystals capable to convert near-infrared light in high energy radiation. In this review we will compare UCNPs with other fluorescent probes in terms of (a) the optical properties of the probes, such as their brightness, photostability and excitation wavelength; (b) their chemical properties such as the dispersibility, stability under experimental or physiological conditions, availability of chemical modification strategies for labelling; and (c) the potential toxicity and biocompatibility of the probe. Thereby we want to provide a better understanding of the advantages and drawbacks of UCNPs and address future challenges in the design of the nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy F Himmelstoß
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Lee H, Kim J, Yang J, Seo SW, Kim SJ. Diffusiophoretic exclusion of colloidal particles for continuous water purification. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1713-1724. [PMID: 29796478 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been observed that colloidal particles are anomalously repelled from the interface of nanoporous materials and water by up to hundreds of micrometers even if there is no additional external field present. Recently, the physical origin of this anomalous repulsion has turned out to be diffusiophoretic migration triggered by an ion exchange process through the interface. Since the repulsive force is induced by a salt gradient only, the phenomenon can be applied to a microscale water purification platform without the need for any external power sources. In this work, we suggest a micro/nanofluidic device for continuous water purification utilizing long-range diffusiophoretic migration around ion exchangeable surfaces. An ion concentration boundary layer was characterized by the Sherwood number (Sh) which is a key dimensionless number to describe the purification process. Depending on Sh, we have theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that long-range diffusiophoretic exclusion can be used for continuous water purification. Finally, our platform can be used as a highly energy-efficient and portable water treatment option for operations such as purification, disinfection, water softening, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyomin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. (H. Lee) (S. J. Kim)
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12
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Shinoda H, Shannon M, Nagai T. Fluorescent Proteins for Investigating Biological Events in Acidic Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1548. [PMID: 29789517 PMCID: PMC6032295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interior lumen of acidic organelles (e.g., endosomes, secretory granules, lysosomes and plant vacuoles) is an important platform for modification, transport and degradation of biomolecules as well as signal transduction, which remains challenging to investigate using conventional fluorescent proteins (FPs). Due to the highly acidic luminal environment (pH ~ 4.5⁻6.0), most FPs and related sensors are apt to lose their fluorescence. To address the need to image in acidic environments, several research groups have developed acid-tolerant FPs in a wide color range. Furthermore, the engineering of pH insensitive sensors, and their concomitant use with pH sensitive sensors for the purpose of pH-calibration has enabled characterization of the role of luminal ions. In this short review, we summarize the recent development of acid-tolerant FPs and related functional sensors and discuss the future prospects for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shinoda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Michael Shannon
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan.
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Manzoor O, Soleja N, Mohsin M. Nanoscale gizmos - the novel fluorescent probes for monitoring protein activity. Biochem Eng J 2018; 133:83-95. [PMID: 32518506 PMCID: PMC7270366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetically-encoded FRET, organic dye, QD based sensors. Real-time monitoring of the respective metabolite level at sub cellular level. Spatio temporal resolution of the fluorophores by low intensity light. Monitoring of various metabolite levels in any cell type prokaryotic and eukaryotic as well. Functional analysis of the role of proteases in several diseases.
Nanobiotechnology has emerged inherently as an interdisciplinary field, with collaborations from researchers belonging to diverse backgrounds like molecular biology, materials science and organic chemistry. Till the current times, researchers have been able to design numerous types of nanoscale fluorescent tool kits for monitoring protein–protein interactions through real time cellular imagery in a fluorescence microscope. It is apparent that supplementing any protein of interest with a fluorescence habit traces its function and regulation within a cell. Our review therefore highlights the application of several fluorescent probes such as molecular organic dyes, quantum dots (QD) and fluorescent proteins (FPs) to determine activity state, expression and localization of proteins in live and fixed cells. The focus is on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based nanosensors that have been developed by researchers to visualize and monitor protein dynamics and quantify metabolites of diverse nature. FRET based toolkits permit the resolution of ambiguities that arise due to the rotation of sensor molecules and flexibility of the probe. Achievements of live cell imaging and efficient spatiotemporal resolution however have been possible only with the advent of fluorescence microscopic technology, equipped with precisely sensitive automated softwares.
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Ghosh A, Karedla N, Thiele JC, Gregor I, Enderlein J. Fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy: Basics and applications. Methods 2018; 140-141:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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15
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Steiert F, Petrov EP, Schultz P, Schwille P, Weidemann T. Photophysical Behavior of mNeonGreen, an Evolutionarily Distant Green Fluorescent Protein. Biophys J 2018; 114:2419-2431. [PMID: 29706225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) feature complex photophysical behavior that must be considered when studying the dynamics of fusion proteins in model systems and live cells. In this work, we characterize mNeonGreen (mNG), a recently introduced FP from the bilaterian Branchiostoma lanceolatum, in comparison to the well-known hydrozoan variants enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and Aequorea coerulescens GFP by steady-state spectroscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in solutions of different pH. Blind spectral unmixing of sets of absorption spectra reveals three interconverting electronic states of mNG: a nonfluorescent protonated state, a bright state showing bell-shaped pH dependence, and a similarly bright state dominating at high pH. The gradual population of the acidic form by external protonation is reflected by increased flickering at low pH in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements, albeit with much slower flicker rates and lower amplitudes as compared to Aequorea GFPs. In addition, increased flickering of mNG indicates a second deprotonation step above pH 10 leading to a slight decrease in fluorescence. Thus, mNG is distinguished from Aequorea GFPs by a two-step protonation response with opposite effects that reflects a chemically distinct chromophore environment. Despite the more complex pH dependence, mNG represents a superior FP under a broad range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Steiert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Eugene P Petrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Weidemann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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16
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Suphatrakul A, Duangchinda T, Jupatanakul N, Prasittisa K, Onnome S, Pengon J, Siridechadilok B. Multi-color fluorescent reporter dengue viruses with improved stability for analysis of a multi-virus infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194399. [PMID: 29547653 PMCID: PMC5856417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reporter virus is a versatile tool to visualize and to analyze virus infections. However, for flaviviruses, it is difficult to maintain the inserted reporter genes on the viral genome, limiting its use in several studies that require homogeneous virus particles and several rounds of virus replication. Here, we showed that flanking inserted GFP genes on both sides with ribosome-skipping 2A sequences improved the stability and the consistency of their fluorescent signals for dengue-virus-serotype 2 (DENV2) reporter viruses. The reporter viruses can infect known susceptible mammalian cell lines and primary CD14+ human monocytes. This design can accommodate several fluorescent protein genes, enabling the generation of multi-color DENV2-16681 reporter viruses with comparable replication capabilities, as demonstrated by their abilities to maintain their fluorescent intensities during co-infections and to exclude superinfections regardless of the fluorescent tags. The reported design of multi-color DENV2 should be useful for high-throughput analyses, single-cell analysis, and characterizations of interference and superinfection in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amporn Suphatrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Natapong Jupatanakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kanjanawadee Prasittisa
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Suppachoke Onnome
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jutharat Pengon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Bunpote Siridechadilok
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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17
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Shinoda H, Ma Y, Nakashima R, Sakurai K, Matsuda T, Nagai T. Acid-Tolerant Monomeric GFP from Olindias formosa. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:330-338.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Ghosh A, Isbaner S, Veiga-Gutiérrez M, Gregor I, Enderlein J, Karedla N. Quantifying Microsecond Transition Times Using Fluorescence Lifetime Correlation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6022-6028. [PMID: 29183125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many complex luminescent emitters such as fluorescent proteins exhibit multiple emitting states that result in rapid fluctuations of their excited-state lifetime. Here, we apply fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS) to resolve the photophysical state dynamics of the prototypical fluorescence protein enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). We quantify the microsecond transition rates between its two fluorescent states, which have otherwise highly overlapping emission spectra. We relate these transitions to a room-temperature angstrom-scale rotational isomerism of an amino acid next to its fluorescent center. With this study, we demonstrate the power of FLCS for studying the rapid transition dynamics of a broad range of light-emitting systems with complex multistate photophysics, which cannot be easily done by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghosh
- III. Institute of Physics, Georg August University , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Isbaner
- III. Institute of Physics, Georg August University , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Gregor
- III. Institute of Physics, Georg August University , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- III. Institute of Physics, Georg August University , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Narain Karedla
- III. Institute of Physics, Georg August University , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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19
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ShadowY: a dark yellow fluorescent protein for FLIM-based FRET measurement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6791. [PMID: 28754922 PMCID: PMC5533704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement (FLIM-FRET) is one of the powerful methods for imaging of intracellular protein activities such as protein–protein interactions and conformational changes. Here, using saturation mutagenesis, we developed a dark yellow fluorescent protein named ShadowY that can serve as an acceptor for FLIM-FRET. ShadowY is spectrally similar to the previously reported dark YFP but has a much smaller quantum yield, greater extinction coefficient, and superior folding property. When ShadowY was paired with mEGFP or a Clover mutant (CloverT153M/F223R) and applied to a single-molecule FRET sensor to monitor a light-dependent conformational change of the light-oxygen-voltage domain 2 (LOV2) in HeLa cells, we observed a large FRET signal change with low cell-to-cell variability, allowing for precise measurement of individual cell responses. In addition, an application of ShadowY to a separate-type Ras FRET sensor revealed an EGF-dependent large FRET signal increase. Thus, ShadowY in combination with mEGFP or CloverT153M/F223R is a promising FLIM-FRET acceptor.
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20
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Molecular evolution of versatile derivatives from a GFP-like protein in the marine copepod Chiridius poppei. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181186. [PMID: 28700734 PMCID: PMC5507436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins are now indispensable tools in molecular research. They have also been adapted for a wide variety of uses in cases involving creative applications, including textiles, aquarium fish, and ornamental plants. Our colleagues have previously cloned a yellow GFP-like protein derived from the marine copepod Chiridius poppei (YGFP), and moreover, succeeded in generating transgenic flowers with clearly visible fluorescence, without the need for high-sensitivity imaging equipment. However, due to the low Stokes shift of YGFP (10 nm), it is difficult to separate emitted light of a labeled object from the light used for excitation; hence, limitations for various applications remain. In this study, which was aimed at developing YGFP mutants with increased Stokes shifts, we conducted stepwise molecular evolution experiments on YGFP by screening random mutations at three key amino acids, based on their fluorescent characteristics and structural stabilities, followed by optimization of their fluorescence output by DNA shuffling of the entire coding sequence. We successfully identified an eYGFPuv that had an excitation maximum in UV wavelengths and a 24-fold increase in fluorescence intensity compared to the previously reported YGFP mutant (H52D). In addition, eYGFPuv exhibited almost 9-fold higher fluorescence intensity compared to the commercially available GFPuv when expressed in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells and without any differences in cytotoxicity. Thus, this novel mutant with the desirable characteristics of bright fluorescence, long Stokes shift, and low cytotoxity, may be particularly well suited to a variety of molecular and biological applications.
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21
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Harbaugh SV, Goodson MS, Dillon K, Zabarnick S, Kelley-Loughnane N. Riboswitch-Based Reversible Dual Color Sensor. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:766-781. [PMID: 28121427 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Riboswitches are RNA-based "sensors" that utilize chemically induced structural changes in the 5'-untranslated region of mRNA to regulate expression of downstream genes. Coupling a specific riboswitch with a reporter gene system translates chemical detection by the cell into a quantifiable reporter protein signal. For the majority of reporter gene systems, the readout signal is only expressed in the presence of the target analyte. This makes it difficult to determine the viability and localization of the uninduced biosensor when it is used for "real-word" applications. To address this problem, we developed a dual-color reporter comprising elements of the E. coli fimbriae phase variation system: recombinase FimE controlled by a synthetic riboswitch and an invertible DNA segment (fimS) containing a constitutively active promoter placed between two fluorescent protein genes. Without an analyte, the fluorescent reporter constitutively expressed green fluorescent protein (GFPa1). Addition of the analyte initiated translation of fimE causing unidirectional inversion of the fimS segment and constitutive expression of red fluorescent protein (mKate2). Thus, the sensor is always fluorescent, but its color is determined by detection of a specific analyte. We demonstrate that the recombinase-based dual-color reporter can be successfully applied to monitor the activation of a theophylline synthetic riboswitch that was used as our model system. To show the feasibility of the FimE recombinase-based system to serve as a reporter for monitoring activation of multiple synthetic riboswitches and, therefore, expand the applicability of the system, we tested a number of previously developed synthetic riboswitches responsive to different analytes. We show that the dual-color reporter system can be successfully used to monitor activation of M6 and M6″ riboswitches responsive to ammeline and pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine, respectively, and a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-responsive riboswitch developed in this study. We also demonstrate that the system can be reversed by HbiF recombinase-mediated fimS inversion to the initial state of the fluorescent reporter, creating a resettable and reusable cell-based sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Harbaugh
- 711th
Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Michael S. Goodson
- 711th
Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia
Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Kateri Dillon
- 711th
Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Sarah Zabarnick
- 711th
Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- 711th
Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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22
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Yue JX, Holland ND, Holland LZ, Deheyn DD. The evolution of genes encoding for green fluorescent proteins: insights from cephalochordates (amphioxus). Sci Rep 2016; 6:28350. [PMID: 27311567 PMCID: PMC4911609 DOI: 10.1038/srep28350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) was originally found in cnidarians, and later in copepods and cephalochordates (amphioxus) (Branchiostoma spp). Here, we looked for GFP-encoding genes in Asymmetron, an early-diverged cephalochordate lineage, and found two such genes closely related to some of the Branchiostoma GFPs. Dim fluorescence was found throughout the body in adults of Asymmetron lucayanum, and, as in Branchiostoma floridae, was especially intense in the ripe ovaries. Spectra of the fluorescence were similar between Asymmetron and Branchiostoma. Lineage-specific expansion of GFP-encoding genes in the genus Branchiostoma was observed, largely driven by tandem duplications. Despite such expansion, purifying selection has strongly shaped the evolution of GFP-encoding genes in cephalochordates, with apparent relaxation for highly duplicated clades. All cephalochordate GFP-encoding genes are quite different from those of copepods and cnidarians. Thus, the ancestral cephalochordates probably had GFP, but since GFP appears to be lacking in more early-diverged deuterostomes (echinoderms, hemichordates), it is uncertain whether the ancestral cephalochordates (i.e. the common ancestor of Asymmetron and Branchiostoma) acquired GFP by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from copepods or cnidarians or inherited it from the common ancestor of copepods and deuterostomes, i.e. the ancestral bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Yue
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | - Nicholas D. Holland
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Linda Z. Holland
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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23
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Mérola F, Erard M, Fredj A, Pasquier H. Engineering fluorescent proteins towards ultimate performances: lessons from the newly developed cyan variants. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/4/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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GFP-complementation assay to detect functional CPP and protein delivery into living cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18329. [PMID: 26671759 PMCID: PMC4680871 DOI: 10.1038/srep18329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient cargo uptake is essential for cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) therapeutics, which deliver widely diverse cargoes by exploiting natural cell processes to penetrate the cell’s membranes. Yet most current CPP activity assays are hampered by limitations in assessing uptake, including confounding effects of conjugated fluorophores or ligands, indirect read-outs requiring secondary processing, and difficulty in discriminating internalization from endosomally trapped cargo. Split-complementation Endosomal Escape (SEE) provides the first direct assay visualizing true cytoplasmic-delivery of proteins at biologically relevant concentrations. The SEE assay has minimal background, is amenable to high-throughput processes, and adaptable to different transient and stable cell lines. This split-GFP-based platform can be useful to study transduction mechanisms, cellular imaging, and characterizing novel CPPs as pharmaceutical delivery agents in the treatment of disease.
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25
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Savage TJ, Dunphy DR, Harbaugh S, Kelley-Loughnane N, Harper JC, Brinker CJ. Influence of Silica Matrix Composition and Functional Component Additives on the Bioactivity and Viability of Encapsulated Living Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:1231-1238. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. Savage
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Darren R. Dunphy
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Svetlana Harbaugh
- Air
Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Air
Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | | | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
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26
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An optical biosensor from green fluorescent Escherichia coli for the evaluation of single and combined heavy metal toxicities. SENSORS 2015; 15:12668-81. [PMID: 26029952 PMCID: PMC4507640 DOI: 10.3390/s150612668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence-based fiber optic toxicity biosensor based on genetically modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was developed for the evaluation of the toxicity of several hazardous heavy metal ions. The toxic metals include Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Fe(III). The optimum fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of the optical biosensor were 400 ± 2 nm and 485 ± 2 nm, respectively. Based on the toxicity observed under optimal conditions, the detection limits of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Fe(III) that can be detected using the toxicity biosensor were at 0.04, 0.32, 0.46, 2.80, 100, 250, 400, 720 and 2600 μg/L, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed biosensor were 3.5%–4.8% RSD (relative standard deviation) and 3.6%–5.1% RSD (n = 8), respectively. The biosensor response was stable for at least five weeks, and demonstrated higher sensitivity towards metal toxicity evaluation when compared to a conventional Microtox assay.
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27
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Drachuk I, Calabrese R, Harbaugh S, Kelley-Loughnane N, Kaplan DL, Stone M, Tsukruk VV. Silk macromolecules with amino acid-poly(ethylene glycol) grafts for controlling layer-by-layer encapsulation and aggregation of recombinant bacterial cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1219-35. [PMID: 25588116 DOI: 10.1021/nn504890z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces double-brush designs of functionalized silk polyelectrolytes based upon regenerated silk fibroin (SF), which is modified with poly-L-lysine (SF-PLL), poly-L-glutamic acid (SF-PGA), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains with different grafting architecture and variable amino acid-PEG graft composition for cell encapsulation. The molecular weight of poly amino acids (length of side chains), molecular weight and degree of PEG grafting (D) were varied in order to assess the formation of cytocompatible and robust layer-by-layer (LbL) shells on two types of bacterial cells (Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria). We observed that shells assembled with charged polycationic amino acids adversely effected the properties of microbial cells while promoting the formation of large cell aggregates. In contrast, hydrogen-bonded shells with high PEG grafting density were the most cytocompatible, while promoting formation of stable colloidal suspensions of individual cell encapsulates. The stability to degradation of silk shells (under standard cell incubation procedure) was related to the intrinsic properties of thermodynamic bonding forces, with shells based on electrostatic interactions having stronger resistance to deterioration compared to pure hydrogen-bonded silk shells. By optimizing the charge density of silk polyelectrolytes brushes, as well as the length and the degree of PEG side grafts, robust and cytocompatible cell coatings were engineered that can control aggregation of cells for biosensor devices and other potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Drachuk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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