2
|
Mammola S, Cardoso P, Angyal D, Balázs G, Blick T, Brustel H, Carter J, Ćurčić S, Danflous S, Dányi L, Déjean S, Deltshev C, Elverici M, Fernández J, Gasparo F, Komnenov M, Komposch C, Kováč L, Kunt KB, Mock A, Moldovan O, Naumova M, Pavlek M, Prieto CE, Ribera C, Rozwałka R, Růžička V, Vargovitsh RS, Zaenker S, Isaia M. Continental data on cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe (Arachnida: Araneae). Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e38492. [PMID: 31636503 PMCID: PMC6794329 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e38492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) are widespread in subterranean ecosystems worldwide and represent an important component of subterranean trophic webs. Yet, global-scale diversity patterns of subterranean spiders are still mostly unknown. In the frame of the CAWEB project, a European joint network of cave arachnologists, we collected data on cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe in order to explore their continental diversity patterns. Two main datasets were compiled: one listing all subterranean spider species recorded in numerous subterranean localities across Europe and another with high resolution data about the subterranean habitat in which they were collected. From these two datasets, we further generated a third dataset with individual geo-referenced occurrence records for all these species. NEW INFORMATION Data from 475 geo-referenced subterranean localities (caves, mines and other artificial subterranean sites, interstitial habitats) are herein made available. For each subterranean locality, information about the composition of the spider community is provided, along with local geomorphological and habitat features. Altogether, these communities account for > 300 unique taxonomic entities and 2,091 unique geo-referenced occurrence records, that are made available via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Mammola and Cardoso 2019). This dataset is unique in that it covers both a large geographic extent (from 35° south to 67° north) and contains high-resolution local data on geomorphological and habitat features. Given that this kind of high-resolution data are rarely associated with broad-scale datasets used in macroecology, this dataset has high potential for helping researchers in tackling a range of biogeographical and macroecological questions, not necessarily uniquely related to arachnology or subterranean biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurinItaly
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandLaboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandLaboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Dorottya Angyal
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
- UMDI, Faculty of Sciences, UNAM National Autonomous University of Mexico, Sisal, MexicoUMDI, Faculty of Sciences, UNAM National Autonomous University of MexicoSisalMexico
| | - Gergely Balázs
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Theo Blick
- Independent Researcher, Hummeltal, GermanyIndependent ResearcherHummeltalGermany
| | - Hervé Brustel
- Ecole d'Ingénieur de Purpan, Toulouse, FranceEcole d'Ingénieur de PurpanToulouseFrance
| | - Julian Carter
- Amgueddfa Cymru National Museum Wales, Cardiff, United KingdomAmgueddfa Cymru National Museum WalesCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Samuel Danflous
- Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, FranceConservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-PyrénéesToulouseFrance
| | - László Dányi
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
| | - Sylvain Déjean
- Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées, Tolouse, FranceConservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-PyrénéesTolouseFrance
| | - Christo Deltshev
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, BulgariaNational Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Mert Elverici
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincanTurkey
| | - Jon Fernández
- Independent researcher, Basque Country, SpainIndependent researcherBasque CountrySpain
| | - Fulvio Gasparo
- Commissione Grotte “E. Boegan”, Società Alpina delle Giulie, C.A.I., Trieste, ItalyCommissione Grotte “E. Boegan”, Società Alpina delle Giulie, C.A.I.TriesteItaly
| | - Marjan Komnenov
- Independent Researcher, Blwd Kuzman Josifovski Pitu, Skopje, MacedoniaIndependent Researcher, Blwd Kuzman Josifovski PituSkopjeMacedonia
| | - Christian Komposch
- OEKOTEAM - Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Graz, AustriaOEKOTEAM - Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape PlanningGrazAustria
| | - L’ubomír Kováč
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Kadir Boğaç Kunt
- Zoological Collection of Cyprus Wildlife Research Institute, Kyrenia, CyprusZoological Collection of Cyprus Wildlife Research InstituteKyreniaCyprus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical UniversityEskişehirTurkey
| | - Andrej Mock
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Oana Moldovan
- Emil Racovitza Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaEmil Racovitza Institute of SpeleologyCluj-NapocaRomania
| | - Maria Naumova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaRuđer Bošković InstituteZagrebCroatia
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, CroatiaCroatian Biospeleological SocietyZagrebCroatia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlos E. Prieto
- Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque CountryBilbaoSpain
| | - Carles Ribera
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Robert Rozwałka
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński UniversityWarsawPoland
| | - Vlastimil Růžička
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech RepublicBiology Centre, Institute of EntomologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Robert S. Vargovitsh
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, UkraineSchmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKievUkraine
| | - Stefan Zaenker
- Verband der deutschen Höhlen- und Karstforscher e.V., Fulda, GermanyVerband der deutschen Höhlen- und Karstforscher e.V.FuldaGermany
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurinItaly
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lipovšek S, Leitinger G, Janžekovič F, Kozel P, Dariš B, Perc M, Devetak D, Weiland N, Novak T. Towards understanding partial adaptation to the subterranean habitat in the European cave spider, Meta menardi: An ecocytological approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9121. [PMID: 31235705 PMCID: PMC6591380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European cave spider, Meta menardi, is a representative of the troglophiles, i.e. non-strictly subterranean organisms. Our aim was to interpret the cytological results from an ecological perspective, and provide a synthesis of the hitherto knowledge about M. menardi into a theory of key features marking it a troglophile. We studied ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelial cells in individuals spending winter under natural conditions in caves, using light microscopy and TEM. The midgut diverticula epithelium consisted of secretory cells, digestive cells and adipocytes. During winter, gradual vacuolization of some digestive cells appeared, and some necrotic digestive cells and necrotic adipocytes appeared. This cytological information completes previous studies on M. menardi starved under controlled conditions in the laboratory. In experimental starvation and natural winter conditions, M. menardi gradually exploit reserve compounds from spherites, protein granules and through autophagy, and energy-supplying lipids and glycogen, as do many overwintering arthropods. We found no special cellular response to living in the habitat. Features that make it partly adapted to the subterranean habitat include starvation hardiness as a possible preadaptation, an extremely opportunistic diet, a partly reduced orb, tracking and capturing prey on bare walls and partly reduced tolerance to below-zero temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saška Lipovšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Franc Janžekovič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kozel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU, Titov trg 2, 6230, Postojna, Slovenia
- UNESCO Chair on Karst Education, University of Nova Gorica, Glavni trg 8, 5271, Vipava, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Dariš
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Perc
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Devetak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nina Weiland
- Vodovodna ulica 27, 2352, Selnica ob Dravi, Slovenia
| | - Tone Novak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lunghi E. Ecology and life history of Meta bourneti (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from Monte Albo (Sardinia, Italy). PeerJ 2018; 6:e6049. [PMID: 30519514 PMCID: PMC6275118 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The orb-weaver spider Meta bourneti Simon 1922 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) is one of the most common cave predators occurring in the Mediterranean basin. Although the congeneric M. menardi represented the model species in several studies, our knowledge of M. bourneti is only founded on observations performed on a handful of populations. In this study M. bourneti spiders were studied in caves of Monte Albo (Sardinia, Italy) over a year. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to analyze spider occupancy inside cave environments, as well as spider abundance. Analyses on M. bourneti occupancy and abundance were also repeated for adults and juveniles separately. Generalized Linear Models, were used to weight species absence based on its detection probability. Linear Mixed Models were used to detect possible divergences in subterranean spatial use between adult and juvenile spiders. Although widespread on the mountain, M. bourneti generally showed low density and low detection probability. Most of the individuals observed were juveniles. The spiders generally occupied cave sectors with high ceilings that were deep enough to show particular microclimatic features. Adults tended to occupy less illuminated areas than juveniles, while the latter were more frequently found in sectors showing high humidity. The abundance of M. bourneti was strongly related to high humidity and the presence of two troglophile species, Hydromantes flavus Wake, Salvador & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2005 (Amphibia: Caudata) and Oxychilus oppressus (Shuttleworth, 1877) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata). The abundance of juveniles was related to sector temperature and humidity, the presence of H. flavus and O. oppressus and to morphological sector features. However, when only adults were considered, no significant relationships were found. Adult and juvenile spiders did not differ in their spatial distribution inside the caves studied, but a seasonal distribution of the species along cave walls was observed. Microclimate was one of the most important features affecting both the presence and abundance of M. bourneti in subterranean environments. Individuals tended to occupy lower heights during hot seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lunghi
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.,Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Natural Oasis, Prato, Prato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fonseca-Ferreira R, Zampaulo RDA, Guadanucci JPL. Diversity of iron cave-dwelling mygalomorph spiders from Pará, Brazil, with description of three new species (Araneae). TROPICAL ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03946975.2017.1367590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fonseca-Ferreira
- Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, via Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Robson de Almeida Zampaulo
- Gerencia de Licenciamento Ambiental e Espeleologia, Vale SA, Avenida Doutor Marco Paulo Simon Jardim, 34006-200 Nova Lima-MG, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Leite Guadanucci
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24A 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro-SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|