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Poli A, Zanellati A, Piano E, Biagioli F, Coleine C, Nicolosi G, Selbmann L, Isaia M, Prigione V, Varese GC. Cultivable fungal diversity in two karstic caves in Italy: under-investigated habitats as source of putative novel taxa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4164. [PMID: 38378919 PMCID: PMC10879487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial diversity of caves is largely understudied and its possible applications are still unknown. Autochthonous fungi, in particular, may have the potential to biomineralize metals and may be used as promising agents for bioremediation of polluted sites; thus, unearthing the fungal diversity in hypogean ecosystems is nowadays of utmost importance. To start addressing this knowledge gap, the cultivable mycobiota of two neighbouring caves-one natural and one exploited for touristic purposes-were characterised and compared by studying fungi isolated from sediments collected at increasing distances from the entrance. Overall, 250 fungal isolates ascribable to 69 taxa (mainly Ascomycota) were found, a high percentage of which was reported in caves for the first time. The sediments of the touristic cave displayed a richer and more diversified community in comparison with the natural one, possibly due to visitors carrying propagules or organic material. Considering that these environments are still poorly explored, chances to detect new fungal lineages are not negligible.
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Grants
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- 2017HTXT2R Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
- IR0000005 European Commission - NextGenerationEU
- IR0000005 European Commission - NextGenerationEU
- IR0000005 European Commission - NextGenerationEU
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- European Commission – NextGenerationEU
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10100, Torino, Italy
| | - A Zanellati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10100, Torino, Italy
| | - E Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - F Biagioli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - C Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - G Nicolosi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - L Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - M Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - V Prigione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10100, Torino, Italy.
| | - G C Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10100, Torino, Italy
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2
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Duque T, Chowdhury S, Isaia M, Pekár S, Riess K, Scherf G, Schäfer RB, Entling MH. Sensitivity of spiders from different ecosystems to lambda-cyhalothrin: effects of phylogeny and climate. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:857-865. [PMID: 37867443 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of their importance as arthropod predators, spiders have received little attention in the risk assessment of pesticides. In addition, research has mainly focused on a few species commonly found in agricultural habitats. Spiders living in more natural ecosystems may also be exposed to and affected by pesticides, including insecticides. However, their sensitivity and factors driving possible variations in sensitivity between spider taxa are largely unknown. To fill this gap, we quantified the sensitivity of 28 spider species from a wide range of European ecosystems to lambda-cyhalothrin in an acute exposure scenario. RESULTS Sensitivity varied among the tested populations by a factor of 30. Strong differences in sensitivity were observed between families, but also between genera within the Lycosidae. Apart from the variation explained by the phylogeny, spiders from boreal and polar climates were more sensitive than spiders from warmer areas. Overall, the median lethal concentration (LC50 ) of 85% of species was below the recommended application rate of lambda-cyhalothrin (75 ng a.i. cm-2 ). CONCLUSION Our study underlines the high sensitivity of spiders to lambda-cyhalothrin, which can lead to unintended negative effects on pest suppression in areas treated with this insecticide. The strong differences observed between families and genera indicate that the functional composition of spider communities would change in affected areas. Overall, the variation in spider sensitivity suggests that multispecies investigations should be more widely considered in pesticide risk assessment. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Duque
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Sumaiya Chowdhury
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kai Riess
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Gregor Scherf
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Martin H Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
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3
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Nicolosi G, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Piano E, Isaia M, Miller AZ. First Insights into the Bacterial Diversity of Mount Etna Volcanic Caves. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:1632-1645. [PMID: 36750476 PMCID: PMC10497698 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While microbial communities in limestone caves across the world are relatively understood, knowledge of the microbial composition in lava tubes is lagging behind. These caves are found in volcanic regions worldwide and are typically lined with multicolored microbial mats on their walls and ceilings. The Mount Etna (Sicily, S-Italy) represents one of the most active volcanos in the world. Due to its outstanding biodiversity and geological features, it was declared Natural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO in 2013. Despite the presence of more than 200 basaltic lava tubes, the microbial diversity of these hypogean systems has never been investigated so far. Here, we investigated bacterial communities in four lava tubes of Mount Etna volcano. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was carried out for the morphological characterization and detection of microbial features. We documented an abundant presence of microbial cells with different morphotypes including rod-shaped, filamentous, and coccoidal cells with surface appendages, resembling actinobacteria reported in other lava tubes across the world. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the colored microbial mats collected were mostly composed of bacteria belonging to the phyla Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexota, and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, the analysis revealed a dominance of the genus Crossiella, which is actively involved in biomineralization processes, followed by Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Chujaibacter, and Sphingomonas. The presence of these taxa is associated with the carbon, nitrogen, and ammonia cycles, and some are possibly related to the anthropic disturbance of these caves. This study provides the first insight into the microbial diversity of the Etna volcano lava tubes, and expands on previous research on microbiology of volcanic caves across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nicolosi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Centro Speleologico Etneo, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Elena Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ana Z Miller
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales Y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain.
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4
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Piano E, Biagioli F, Nicolosi G, Coleine C, Poli A, Prigione V, Zanellati A, Addesso R, Varese GC, Selbmann L, Isaia M. Tourism affects microbial assemblages in show caves. Sci Total Environ 2023; 871:162106. [PMID: 36764528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance on natural ecosystems is growing in frequency and magnitude affecting all ecosystems components. Understanding the response of different types of biocoenosis to human disturbance is urgently needed and it can be achieved by adopting a metacommunity framework. With the aid of advanced molecular techniques, we investigated sediment communities of Fungi, Bacteria and Archaea in four Italian show caves, aiming to disentangle the effects induced by tourism on their diversity and to highlight changes in the driving forces that shape their community composition. We modelled diversity measures against proxies of tourism pressure. With this approach we demonstrate that the cave tourism has a direct effect on the community of Bacteria and an indirect influence on Fungi and Archaea. By analysing the main driving forces influencing the community composition of the three microbial groups, we highlighted that stochastic factors override dispersal-related processes and environmental selection in show caves compared to undisturbed areas. Thanks to this approach, we provide new perspectives on the dynamics of microbial communities under human disturbance suggesting that a proper understanding of the underlying selective mechanisms requires a comprehensive and multi-taxonomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Biagioli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolosi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Poli
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Prigione
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanellati
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosangela Addesso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
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Nicolosi G, Mammola S, Verbrugge L, Isaia M. Aliens in caves: the global dimension of biological invasions in subterranean ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:849-867. [PMID: 36680327 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alien species are a significant threat to natural ecosystems and human economies. Despite global efforts to address this challenge, the documented number of alien species is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, the magnitude of the impact of alien species may vary significantly across habitats. For example, some habitats are naturally less prone to biological invasions due to stringent abiotic and biotic characteristics, selecting for a limited number of introduced species possessing traits closely related to the native organisms. Subterranean ecosystems are quintessential examples of habitats with strong environmental filters (e.g. lack of light and scarcity of food), driving convergent adaptations in species that have successfully adapted to life in darkness. Despite these stringent environmental constraints, the number of records of alien species in subterranean ecosystems has increased in recent decades, but the relevant literature remains largely fragmented and mostly anecdotal. Therefore, even though caves are generally considered very fragile ecosystems, their susceptibility to impacts by alien species remains untested other than for some very specific cases. We provide the first systematic literature survey to synthesise available knowledge on alien species in subterranean ecosystems globally. This review is supported by a database summarising the available literature, aiming to identify gaps in the distribution and spread of alien invertebrate species in subterranean habitats, and laying the foundations for future management practices and interventions. First, we quantitatively assessed the current knowledge of alien species in subterranean ecosystems to shed light on broader questions about taxonomic biases, geographical patterns, modes of dispersal, pathways for introductions and potential impacts. Secondly, we collected species-specific traits for each recorded alien species and tested whether subterranean habitats act as ecological filters for their establishment, favouring organisms with pre-adaptive traits suitable for subterranean life. We found information on the presence of 246 subterranean alien species belonging to 18 different classes. The dominant alien species were invertebrates, especially insects and arachnids. Most species were reported in terrestrial subterranean habitats from all continents except Antarctica. Palaearctic and Nearctic biogeographic regions represented the main source of alien species. The main routes of introductions into the recipient country are linked to commercial activities (84.3% of cases for which there was information available). Negative impacts have been documented for a small number of case studies (22.7%), mostly related to increased competition with native species. For a limited number of case studies (6.1%), management strategies were reported but the effectiveness of these interventions has rarely been quantified. Accordingly, information on costs is very limited. Approximately half of the species in our database can be considered established in subterranean habitats. According to our results, the presence of suitable traits grants access to the stringent environmental filter posed by subterranean environments, facilitating establishment in the new habitat. We recommend that future studies deepen the understanding of invasiveness into subterranean habitats, raising public and scientific community awareness of preserving these fragile ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nicolosi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Molecular Ecology Group (Dark-MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Corso Tonolli, 50, Pallanza, 28922, Italy.,Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Laura Verbrugge
- Water and Development Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Tietotie 1E, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
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Milano F, Tolve M, Isaia M. Natural history and conservation of the wolf spider Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) (Araneae, Lycosidae), assessed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List. ZOOSYSTEMA 2023. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Milano
- Laboratorio di Ecologia – Ecosistemi terrestri, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13 – 10123 Torino (Italy)
| | - Marco Tolve
- Laboratorio di Ecologia – Ecosistemi terrestri, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13 – 10123 Torino (Italy)
| | - Marco Isaia
- Laboratorio di Ecologia – Ecosistemi terrestri, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13 – 10123 Torino (Italy)
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7
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Piano E, Nicolosi G, Mammola S, Balestra V, Baroni B, Bellopede R, Cumino E, Muzzulini N, Piquet A, Isaia M. A literature-based database of the natural heritage, the ecological status and tourism-related impacts in show caves worldwide. NC 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.50.80505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The touristic use of caves causes multiple environmental alterations to the subterranean ecosystem, having potential effects on all components, from the atmosphere to lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Setting a baseline on the current knowledge of the ecological status of world show caves is pivotal to implement monitoring and management programs aiming at their conservation. However, information on this topic is scattered throughout several publications, making it difficult to access data and ultimately delaying advances towards a sustainable touristic use of show caves. We provide a literature-based dataset relative to the knowledge on the ecological status of 265 show caves worldwide. Data were collated from 289 papers selected through a systematic literature survey of an initial set of more than 1,000 scientific papers. We made the compiled information available through two complementary datasets, reporting: (i) references of the selected papers and (ii) 44 fields relative to the main characteristics of show caves investigated in literature. These fields encompass information about geographic locations, cave general characteristics, natural heritage, and the specific environmental components—and related environmental parameters—investigated in each of the considered study. Such a dataset improves our accessibility to the basic information provided by literature on the ecological status of show caves, also pointing out some literature gaps that should be addressed by future research. By making these data freely available and re-usable, we hope to stimulate research in the field of cave tourism, cave conservation, and cave-based ecology.
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8
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Mammola S, Malumbres-Olarte J, Arabesky V, Barrales-Alcalá DA, Barrion-Dupo AL, Benamú MA, Bird TL, Bogomolova M, Cardoso P, Chatzaki M, Cheng RC, Chu TA, Classen-Rodríguez LM, Čupić I, Dhiya'ulhaq NU, Drapeau Picard AP, El-Hennawy HK, Elverici M, Fukushima CS, Ganem Z, Gavish-Regev E, Gonnye NT, Hacala A, Haddad CR, Hesselberg T, Tian Ho TA, Into T, Isaia M, Jayaraman D, Karuaera N, Khalap R, Khalap K, Kim D, Korhonen T, Kralj-Fišer S, Land H, Lin SW, Loboda S, Lowe E, Lubin Y, Martínez A, Mbo Z, Miličić M, Kioko GM, Nanni V, Norma-Rashid Y, Nwankwo D, Painting CJ, Pang A, Pantini P, Pavlek M, Pearce R, Petcharad B, Pétillon J, Raberahona OC, Russo P, Saarinen JA, Segura-Hernández L, Sentenská L, Uhl G, Walker L, Warui CM, Wiśniewski K, Zamani A, Chuang A, Scott C. The global spread of misinformation on spiders. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R871-R873. [PMID: 35998593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the internet era, the digital architecture that keeps us connected and informed may also amplify the spread of misinformation. This problem is gaining global attention, as evidence accumulates that misinformation may interfere with democratic processes and undermine collective responses to environmental and health crises1,2. In an increasingly polluted information ecosystem, understanding the factors underlying the generation and spread of misinformation is becoming a pressing scientific and societal challenge3. Here, we studied the global spread of (mis-)information on spiders using a high-resolution global database of online newspaper articles on spider-human interactions, covering stories of spider-human encounters and biting events published from 2010-20204. We found that 47% of articles contained errors and 43% were sensationalist. Moreover, we show that the flow of spider-related news occurs within a highly interconnected global network and provide evidence that sensationalism is a key factor underlying the spread of misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy.
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Valeria Arabesky
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | | | - Aimee Lynn Barrion-Dupo
- Environmental Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences and Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Banos, 4031, Philippines
| | - Marco Antonio Benamú
- Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Lab. Ecotoxicología de Artrópodos Terrestres, Centro Univeritario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio Ecología del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas clemente Estable (IIBCE), Uruguay
| | - Tharina L Bird
- Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 4197, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Chatzaki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - Ren-Chung Cheng
- Department of Life sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No.145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402204, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ai Chu
- Department of Life sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No.145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402204, Taiwan
| | - Leticia M Classen-Rodríguez
- Department of Biology, Macelwane Hall, 3507 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Iva Čupić
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Mert Elverici
- Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Biology Department, 24002, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Caroline S Fukushima
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zeana Ganem
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel; The Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Efrat Gavish-Regev
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Naledi T Gonnye
- Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Axel Hacala
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Charles R Haddad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | | | - Tammy Ai Tian Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Thanakorn Into
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13 - 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Dharmaraj Jayaraman
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Nallampalli, Dharmapuri-636807, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | - Kiran Khalap
- 5A Sagar Sangeet, SBS Marg, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuuli Korhonen
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Kralj-Fišer
- Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heidi Land
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, General and Systematic Zoology, Loitzerstrasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Shou-Wang Lin
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, General and Systematic Zoology, Loitzerstrasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah Loboda
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lowe
- Department of Biological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2122, Australia
| | - Yael Lubin
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel; Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, University in Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zingisile Mbo
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Marija Miličić
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Ðind-ića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Grace Mwende Kioko
- National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, P.O. BOX 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Veronica Nanni
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13 - 10123 Torino, Italy; School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Science, Technology and Society Department, 25100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Yusoff Norma-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Nwankwo
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Christina J Painting
- Te Aka Ma(-)tuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | | | - Paolo Pantini
- Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali "E. Caffi", Piazza Cittadella, 10, I-24129 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia; Rud(-)er Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Richard Pearce
- Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Moreton Morrell, Warwickshire College University Centre, Warwickshire, UK
| | - Booppa Petcharad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Julien Pétillon
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Philip Russo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Joni A Saarinen
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lenka Sentenská
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Gabriele Uhl
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, General and Systematic Zoology, Loitzerstrasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leilani Walker
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley Street East, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Te Pu-naha Matatini, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles M Warui
- Murang'a University of Technology, Department of Physical & Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 75-10200, Murang'a, Kenya
| | - Konrad Wiśniewski
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewskiego 22a, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Angela Chuang
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine Scott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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9
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Milano F, Borio L, Komposch C, Mammola S, Pantini P, Pavlek M, Isaia M. Species conservation profiles of the endemic spiders Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from the Alps and the north-western Dinarides. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e87261. [PMID: 36761670 PMCID: PMC9848466 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e87261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Troglohyphantes Joseph, 1882 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) includes 131 species, mainly distributed across the main European mountain ranges. The Alps and the north-western Dinarides account for 66 species, most of them showing narrow or even point-like distributions. The majority of Troglohyphantes spiders dwell in subterranean habitats including caves, mines, soil litter, rocky debris and other moist and shaded retreats. Despite being intensively studied from taxonomic, ecological and biogeographic standpoints, knowledge on the status of conservation and on the potential risk of extinction of these spiders is lagging. To date, only three species have been included in the global IUCN Red List, but their status has not been updated ever since their last assessment in 1996. The aim of this contribution is to assess the Alpine and north-western Dinaric species of the genus Troglohyphantes and to re-assess the species previously evaluated, according to the last version of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. New information Amongst the 66 species here considered, 62 had sufficient data to allow the quantification of their Extent Of Occurrence (EOO) and Area Of Occupancy (AOO). Most of the species have a narrow distribution range, with an estimated EOO < 20,000 km2 and AOO < 2,000 km2, meeting the thresholds for the inclusion in the threatened categories. Five species have a more widespread distribution (EOO > 20,000 km2), extending across multiple countries. The quality of the data on distribution of four species was not sufficient to provide a reliable estimation of the distribution range.A continuing decline in EOO, AOO and habitat quality was inferred for 30 species. The majority of them were subterranean specialised species, with a reduced thermal tolerance and a low dispersal ability. Accordingly, changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change represent a major threat for these species. Land-use change and habitat alteration were identified as additional relevant threats for several species.A considerable proportion of the species here assessed was found in protected areas and in sites of the Natura 2000 network. In addition, 14 species are formally protected by national and sub-national legislation. At present, 25 species are listed in the regional Red Lists.Long-term monitoring programmes, management plans for both the species and their habitats, expansion of the extant protected areas and designation of new ones, should be considered as the most effective approaches to species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Milano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Luca Borio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Christian Komposch
- ÖKOTEAM – Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Graz, AustriaÖKOTEAM – Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape PlanningGrazAustria
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Verbania Pallanza, ItalyWater Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR)Verbania PallanzaItaly,Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Museum of Natural History, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Paolo Pantini
- Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi.”, Bergamo, ItalyMuseo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi.”BergamoItaly
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaRuđer Bošković InstituteZagrebCroatia,Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, CroatiaCroatian Biospeleological SocietyZagrebCroatia
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurinItaly
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10
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Mammola S, Meierhofer MB, Borges PA, Colado R, Culver DC, Deharveng L, Delić T, Di Lorenzo T, Dražina T, Ferreira RL, Fiasca B, Fišer C, Galassi DMP, Garzoli L, Gerovasileiou V, Griebler C, Halse S, Howarth FG, Isaia M, Johnson JS, Komerički A, Martínez A, Milano F, Moldovan OT, Nanni V, Nicolosi G, Niemiller ML, Pallarés S, Pavlek M, Piano E, Pipan T, Sanchez‐Fernandez D, Santangeli A, Schmidt SI, Wynne JJ, Zagmajster M, Zakšek V, Cardoso P. Towards evidence-based conservation of subterranean ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1476-1510. [PMID: 35315207 PMCID: PMC9545027 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Subterranean ecosystems are among the most widespread environments on Earth, yet we still have poor knowledge of their biodiversity. To raise awareness of subterranean ecosystems, the essential services they provide, and their unique conservation challenges, 2021 and 2022 were designated International Years of Caves and Karst. As these ecosystems have traditionally been overlooked in global conservation agendas and multilateral agreements, a quantitative assessment of solution-based approaches to safeguard subterranean biota and associated habitats is timely. This assessment allows researchers and practitioners to understand the progress made and research needs in subterranean ecology and management. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature focused on subterranean ecosystems globally (terrestrial, freshwater, and saltwater systems), to quantify the available evidence-base for the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We selected 708 publications from the years 1964 to 2021 that discussed, recommended, or implemented 1,954 conservation interventions in subterranean ecosystems. We noted a steep increase in the number of studies from the 2000s while, surprisingly, the proportion of studies quantifying the impact of conservation interventions has steadily and significantly decreased in recent years. The effectiveness of 31% of conservation interventions has been tested statistically. We further highlight that 64% of the reported research occurred in the Palearctic and Nearctic biogeographic regions. Assessments of the effectiveness of conservation interventions were heavily biased towards indirect measures (monitoring and risk assessment), a limited sample of organisms (mostly arthropods and bats), and more accessible systems (terrestrial caves). Our results indicate that most conservation science in the field of subterranean biology does not apply a rigorous quantitative approach, resulting in sparse evidence for the effectiveness of interventions. This raises the important question of how to make conservation efforts more feasible to implement, cost-effective, and long-lasting. Although there is no single remedy, we propose a suite of potential solutions to focus our efforts better towards increasing statistical testing and stress the importance of standardising study reporting to facilitate meta-analytical exercises. We also provide a database summarising the available literature, which will help to build quantitative knowledge about interventions likely to yield the greatest impacts depending upon the subterranean species and habitats of interest. We view this as a starting point to shift away from the widespread tendency of recommending conservation interventions based on anecdotal and expert-based information rather than scientific evidence, without quantitatively testing their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe)Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of HelsinkiPohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13Helsinki00100Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (dark‐MEG)Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR)Largo Tonolli, 50Verbania‐Pallanza28922Italy
| | - Melissa B. Meierhofer
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus (LUOMUS)University of HelsinkiPohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13Helsinki00100Finland
| | - Paulo A.V. Borges
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group / CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of Azores, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment (FCAA), Rua Capitão João d'ÀvilaPico da Urze, 9700‐042 Angra do HeroísmoAzoresPortugal
| | - Raquel Colado
- Departament of Ecology and HidrologyUniversity of MurciaMurcia30100Spain
| | - David C. Culver
- Department of Environmental ScienceAmerican University4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.WWashingtonDC20016U.S.A.
| | - Louis Deharveng
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CNRS UMR 7205, MNHN, UPMC, EPHEMuseum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Teo Delić
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaJamnikarjeva 101Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET‐CNR), National Research CouncilVia Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Tvrtko Dražina
- Division of Zoology, Department of BiologyFaculty of Science, University of ZagrebRooseveltov Trg 6Zagreb10000Croatia
- Croatian Biospeleological SocietyRooseveltov Trg 6Zagreb10000Croatia
| | - Rodrigo L. Ferreira
- Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department, Federal University of LavrasCampus universitário s/n, Aquenta SolLavrasMG37200‐900Brazil
| | - Barbara Fiasca
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaVia Vetoio 1, CoppitoL'Aquila67100Italy
| | - Cene Fišer
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaJamnikarjeva 101Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Diana M. P. Galassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaVia Vetoio 1, CoppitoL'Aquila67100Italy
| | - Laura Garzoli
- Molecular Ecology Group (dark‐MEG)Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR)Largo Tonolli, 50Verbania‐Pallanza28922Italy
| | - Vasilis Gerovasileiou
- Department of Environment, Faculty of EnvironmentIonian University, M. Minotou‐Giannopoulou strPanagoulaZakynthos29100Greece
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine BiologyBiotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC)Thalassocosmos, GournesCrete71500Greece
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of LimnologyUniversity of ViennaDjerassiplatz 1Vienna1030Austria
| | - Stuart Halse
- Bennelongia Environmental Consultants5 Bishop StreetJolimontWA6014Australia
| | | | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinVia Accademia Albertina, 13TorinoI‐10123Italy
| | - Joseph S. Johnson
- Department of Biological SciencesOhio University57 Oxbow TrailAthensOH45701U.S.A.
| | - Ana Komerički
- Croatian Biospeleological SocietyRooseveltov Trg 6Zagreb10000Croatia
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Molecular Ecology Group (dark‐MEG)Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR)Largo Tonolli, 50Verbania‐Pallanza28922Italy
| | - Filippo Milano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinVia Accademia Albertina, 13TorinoI‐10123Italy
| | - Oana T. Moldovan
- Emil Racovita Institute of SpeleologyClinicilor 5Cluj‐Napoca400006Romania
- Romanian Institute of Science and TechnologySaturn 24‐26Cluj‐Napoca400504Romania
| | - Veronica Nanni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinVia Accademia Albertina, 13TorinoI‐10123Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolosi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinVia Accademia Albertina, 13TorinoI‐10123Italy
| | - Matthew L. Niemiller
- Department of Biological SciencesThe University of Alabama in Huntsville301 Sparkman Drive NWHuntsvilleAL35899U.S.A.
| | - Susana Pallarés
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio GlobalMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSICCalle de José Gutiérrez Abascal 2Madrid28006Spain
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Croatian Biospeleological SocietyRooseveltov Trg 6Zagreb10000Croatia
- Ruđer Bošković InstituteBijenička cesta 54Zagreb10000Croatia
| | - Elena Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinVia Accademia Albertina, 13TorinoI‐10123Italy
| | - Tanja Pipan
- ZRC SAZUKarst Research InstituteNovi trg 2Ljubljana1000Slovenia
- UNESCO Chair on Karst EducationUniversity of Nova GoricaGlavni trg 8Vipava5271Slovenia
| | | | - Andrea Santangeli
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiViikinkaari 1Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Susanne I. Schmidt
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre CASNa Sádkách 702/7České Budějovice370 05Czech Republic
- Department of Lake ResearchHelmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchBrückstraße 3aMagdeburg39114Germany
| | - J. Judson Wynne
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Box 5640, Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ86011U.S.A.
| | - Maja Zagmajster
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaJamnikarjeva 101Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Valerija Zakšek
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaJamnikarjeva 101Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe)Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of HelsinkiPohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13Helsinki00100Finland
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group / CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of Azores, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment (FCAA), Rua Capitão João d'ÀvilaPico da Urze, 9700‐042 Angra do HeroísmoAzoresPortugal
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11
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Griebenow ZH, Isaia M, Moradmand M. A remarkable troglomorphic ant, Yavnella laventa sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae), identified as the first known worker of Yavnella Kugler by phylogenomic inference. INVERTEBR SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/is22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Isaia M, Arnedo MA, Mammola S. A multi-layered approach uncovers overlooked taxonomic and physiological diversity in Alpine subterranean spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Troglohyphantes). INVERTEBR SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/is21054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Nervo B, Roggero A, Isaia M, Chamberlain D, Rolando A, Palestrini C. Integrating thermal tolerance, water balance and morphology: An experimental study on dung beetles. J Therm Biol 2021; 101:103093. [PMID: 34879911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of extreme and rising mean temperatures due to climate change can pose significant physiological challenges for insects. An integrated approach that focuses on mechanisms of body temperature regulation, water balance and morphology may help to unravel the functional traits underpinning thermoregulation strategies and the most relevant trade-offs between temperature and water balance regulation. Here, we focused on four species of tunneler dung beetles as important providers of ecosystem services. In this experimental research, we first quantified two traits related to desiccation resistance and tolerance via experimental tests, and subsequently defined two levels of resistance and tolerance (i.e. low and high) according to significant differences among species. Second, we identified morphological traits correlated with water balance strategies, and we found that desiccation resistance and tolerance increased with small relative size of spiracles and wings. High levels of desiccation tolerance were also correlated with small body mass. Third, by integrating thermal tolerance with functional traits based on desiccation resistance and desiccation tolerance, we found that the species with the highest survival rates under elevated temperatures (Euoniticellus fulvus) was characterized by low desiccation resistance and high desiccation tolerance. Our results suggest shared physiological and morphological responses to temperature and desiccation, with potential conflicts between the need to regulate heat and water balance. They also highlighted the sensitivity of a large species such as Geotrupes stercorarius to warm and arid conditions with potential implications for its geographic distribution and the provisioning of ecosystem services under a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Nervo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy.
| | - Angela Roggero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Dan Chamberlain
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Rolando
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Palestrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
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14
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Pekár S, Wolff JO, Černecká Ľ, Birkhofer K, Mammola S, Lowe EC, Fukushima CS, Herberstein ME, Kučera A, Buzatto BA, Djoudi EA, Domenech M, Enciso AV, Piñanez Espejo YMG, Febles S, García LF, Gonçalves-Souza T, Isaia M, Lafage D, Líznarová E, Macías-Hernández N, Magalhães I, Malumbres-Olarte J, Michálek O, Michalik P, Michalko R, Milano F, Munévar A, Nentwig W, Nicolosi G, Painting CJ, Pétillon J, Piano E, Privet K, Ramírez MJ, Ramos C, Řezáč M, Ridel A, Růžička V, Santos I, Sentenská L, Walker L, Wierucka K, Zurita GA, Cardoso P. The World Spider Trait database: a centralized global open repository for curated data on spider traits. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baab064. [PMID: 34651181 PMCID: PMC8517500 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Spiders are a highly diversified group of arthropods and play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems as ubiquitous predators, which makes them a suitable group to test a variety of eco-evolutionary hypotheses. For this purpose, knowledge of a diverse range of species traits is required. Until now, data on spider traits have been scattered across thousands of publications produced for over two centuries and written in diverse languages. To facilitate access to such data, we developed an online database for archiving and accessing spider traits at a global scale. The database has been designed to accommodate a great variety of traits (e.g. ecological, behavioural and morphological) measured at individual, species or higher taxonomic levels. Records are accompanied by extensive metadata (e.g. location and method). The database is curated by an expert team, regularly updated and open to any user. A future goal of the growing database is to include all published and unpublished data on spider traits provided by experts worldwide and to facilitate broad cross-taxon assays in functional ecology and comparative biology. Database URL:https://spidertraits.sci.muni.cz/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czechia
| | - Jonas O Wolff
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, Greifswald 17489, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wally’s Walk, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ľudmila Černecká
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, Ľ. Štúra 2, Zvolen 960 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, Cottbus 03046, Germany
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Corso Tonolli, 50, Pallanza 28922, Italy
| | - Elizabeth C Lowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wally’s Walk, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Caroline S Fukushima
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marie E Herberstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wally’s Walk, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Adam Kučera
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czechia
| | - Bruno A Buzatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wally’s Walk, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - El Aziz Djoudi
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, Cottbus 03046, Germany
| | - Marc Domenech
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Febles
- Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Tenerife (GIET), C/ San Eulogio 15, 1º, La Laguna, Canary Islands 38108, Spain
| | - Luis F García
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Ruta 8 Km 282, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | - Thiago Gonçalves-Souza
- Department of Biology, Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation Lab, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos—CEP, Recife, PE 50710-270, Brazil
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Denis Lafage
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Eva Líznarová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czechia
| | - Nuria Macías-Hernández
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife 38206, Spain
| | - Ivan Magalhães
- Division of Arachnology, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- CE3C—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Ondřej Michálek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czechia
| | - Peter Michalik
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Radek Michalko
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Filippo Milano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Ana Munévar
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNAM-CONICET), Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Wolfgang Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Nicolosi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Christina J Painting
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Julien Pétillon
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Elena Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Kaïna Privet
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Martín J Ramírez
- Division of Arachnology, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - Cândida Ramos
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Milan Řezáč
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6 CZ-16106, Czechia
| | - Aurélien Ridel
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Vlastimil Růžička
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 370 05, Czechia
| | - Irene Santos
- Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Tenerife (GIET), C/ San Eulogio 15, 1º, La Laguna, Canary Islands 38108, Spain
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
| | - Lenka Sentenská
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czechia
| | - Leilani Walker
- Natural Sciences, Auckland War Memorial Museum, Parnell, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kaja Wierucka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wally’s Walk, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Kuhn-Nentwig L, Lischer HEL, Pekár S, Langenegger N, Albo MJ, Isaia M, Nentwig W. Linear Peptides-A Combinatorial Innovation in the Venom of Some Modern Spiders. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:705141. [PMID: 34295924 PMCID: PMC8290080 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.705141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the venom of spiders, linear peptides (LPs), also called cytolytical or antimicrobial peptides, represent a largely neglected group of mostly membrane active substances that contribute in some spider species considerably to the killing power of spider venom. By next-generation sequencing venom gland transcriptome analysis, we investigated 48 spider species from 23 spider families and detected LPs in 20 species, belonging to five spider families (Ctenidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Pisauridae, and Zodariidae). The structural diversity is extraordinary high in some species: the lynx spider Oxyopes heterophthalmus contains 62 and the lycosid Pardosa palustris 60 different LPs. In total, we identified 524 linear peptide structures and some of them are in lycosids identical on amino acid level. LPs are mainly encoded in complex precursor structures in which, after the signal peptide and propeptide, 13 or more LPs (Hogna radiata) are connected by linkers. Besides Cupiennius species, also in Oxyopidae, posttranslational modifications of some precursor structures result in the formation of two-chain peptides. It is obvious that complex precursor structures represent a very suitable and fast method to produce a high number and a high diversity of bioactive LPs as economically as possible. At least in Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, and in the genus Cupiennius, LPs reach very high Transcripts Per Kilobase Million values, indicating functional importance within the envenomation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kuhn-Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidi E. L. Lischer
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Maria J. Albo
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) Water Research InstituteNational Research Council of Italy (CNR‐IRSA) Verbania Pallanza Italy
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Veronica Nanni
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV) University of Genoa Genova Italy
| | - Paolo Pantini
- Museo civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi” Bergamo Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Torino Italy
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Piano E, Giuliano D, Isaia M. Islands in cities: Urbanization and fragmentation drive taxonomic and functional variation in ground arthropods. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mammola S, Arnedo MA, Fišer C, Cardoso P, Dejanaz AJ, Isaia M. Environmental filtering and convergent evolution determine the ecological specialization of subterranean spiders. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) IRSA—Water Research Institute National Research Council Verbania Pallanza Italy
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cene Fišer
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Andrea J. Dejanaz
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
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Mammola S, Cardoso P, Angyal D, Balázs G, Blick T, Brustel H, Carter J, Ćurčić S, Danflous S, Dányi L, Déjean S, Deltshev C, Elverici M, Fernández J, Gasparo F, Komnenov M, Komposch C, Kováč L, Kunt KB, Mock A, Moldovan OT, Naumova M, Pavlek M, Prieto CE, Ribera C, Rozwałka R, Růžička V, Vargovitsh RS, Zaenker S, Isaia M. Local- versus broad-scale environmental drivers of continental β-diversity patterns in subterranean spider communities across Europe. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191579. [PMID: 31662080 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroecologists seek to identify drivers of community turnover (β-diversity) through broad spatial scales. However, the influence of local habitat features in driving broad-scale β-diversity patterns remains largely untested, owing to the objective challenges of associating local-scale variables to continental-framed datasets. We examined the relative contribution of local- versus broad-scale drivers of continental β-diversity patterns, using a uniquely suited dataset of cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe (35-70° latitude). Generalized dissimilarity modelling showed that geographical distance, mean annual temperature and size of the karst area in which caves occurred drove most of β-diversity, with differential contributions of each factor according to the level of subterranean specialization. Highly specialized communities were mostly influenced by geographical distance, while less specialized communities were mostly driven by mean annual temperature. Conversely, local-scale habitat features turned out to be meaningless predictors of community change, which emphasizes the idea of caves as the human accessible fraction of the extended network of fissures that more properly represents the elective habitat of the subterranean fauna. To the extent that the effect of local features turned to be inconspicuous, caves emerge as experimental model systems in which to study broad biological patterns without the confounding effect of local habitat features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,LIBRe-Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- LIBRe-Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dorottya Angyal
- UMDI, Faculty of Sciences, UNAM National Autonomous University of Mexico, Sisal, Mexico.,Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Balázs
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Theo Blick
- Independent Researcher, Hummeltal, Germany
| | | | | | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Samuel Danflous
- Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - László Dányi
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sylvain Déjean
- Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Christo Deltshev
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mert Elverici
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | | | - Fulvio Gasparo
- Commissione Grotte 'E. Boegan', Società Alpina delle Giulie, C.A.I., Trieste, Italy
| | - Marjan Komnenov
- Independent Researcher, Blwd Kuzman Josifovski Pitu, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Christian Komposch
- OEKOTEAM - Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Kadir Boğaç Kunt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Zoological Collection of Cyprus Wildlife Research Institute, Taşkent, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Andrej Mock
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Oana Teodora Moldovan
- Emil Racovitza Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Romanian Institute of Science and Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Naumova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carlos E Prieto
- Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carles Ribera
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Rozwałka
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Vlastimil Růžička
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert S Vargovitsh
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Stefan Zaenker
- Verband der deutschen Höhlen- und Karstforscher e.V., Fulda, Germany
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Mammola S, Cardoso P, Angyal D, Balázs G, Blick T, Brustel H, Carter J, Ćurčić S, Danflous S, Dányi L, Déjean S, Deltshev C, Elverici M, Fernández J, Gasparo F, Komnenov M, Komposch C, Kováč L, Kunt KB, Mock A, Moldovan O, Naumova M, Pavlek M, Prieto CE, Ribera C, Rozwałka R, Růžička V, Vargovitsh RS, Zaenker S, Isaia M. Continental data on cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe (Arachnida: Araneae). Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e38492. [PMID: 31636503 PMCID: PMC6794329 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e38492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) are widespread in subterranean ecosystems worldwide and represent an important component of subterranean trophic webs. Yet, global-scale diversity patterns of subterranean spiders are still mostly unknown. In the frame of the CAWEB project, a European joint network of cave arachnologists, we collected data on cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe in order to explore their continental diversity patterns. Two main datasets were compiled: one listing all subterranean spider species recorded in numerous subterranean localities across Europe and another with high resolution data about the subterranean habitat in which they were collected. From these two datasets, we further generated a third dataset with individual geo-referenced occurrence records for all these species. NEW INFORMATION Data from 475 geo-referenced subterranean localities (caves, mines and other artificial subterranean sites, interstitial habitats) are herein made available. For each subterranean locality, information about the composition of the spider community is provided, along with local geomorphological and habitat features. Altogether, these communities account for > 300 unique taxonomic entities and 2,091 unique geo-referenced occurrence records, that are made available via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Mammola and Cardoso 2019). This dataset is unique in that it covers both a large geographic extent (from 35° south to 67° north) and contains high-resolution local data on geomorphological and habitat features. Given that this kind of high-resolution data are rarely associated with broad-scale datasets used in macroecology, this dataset has high potential for helping researchers in tackling a range of biogeographical and macroecological questions, not necessarily uniquely related to arachnology or subterranean biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurinItaly
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandLaboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandLaboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Dorottya Angyal
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
- UMDI, Faculty of Sciences, UNAM National Autonomous University of Mexico, Sisal, MexicoUMDI, Faculty of Sciences, UNAM National Autonomous University of MexicoSisalMexico
| | - Gergely Balázs
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Theo Blick
- Independent Researcher, Hummeltal, GermanyIndependent ResearcherHummeltalGermany
| | - Hervé Brustel
- Ecole d'Ingénieur de Purpan, Toulouse, FranceEcole d'Ingénieur de PurpanToulouseFrance
| | - Julian Carter
- Amgueddfa Cymru National Museum Wales, Cardiff, United KingdomAmgueddfa Cymru National Museum WalesCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Samuel Danflous
- Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, FranceConservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-PyrénéesToulouseFrance
| | - László Dányi
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
| | - Sylvain Déjean
- Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées, Tolouse, FranceConservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-PyrénéesTolouseFrance
| | - Christo Deltshev
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, BulgariaNational Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Mert Elverici
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincanTurkey
| | - Jon Fernández
- Independent researcher, Basque Country, SpainIndependent researcherBasque CountrySpain
| | - Fulvio Gasparo
- Commissione Grotte “E. Boegan”, Società Alpina delle Giulie, C.A.I., Trieste, ItalyCommissione Grotte “E. Boegan”, Società Alpina delle Giulie, C.A.I.TriesteItaly
| | - Marjan Komnenov
- Independent Researcher, Blwd Kuzman Josifovski Pitu, Skopje, MacedoniaIndependent Researcher, Blwd Kuzman Josifovski PituSkopjeMacedonia
| | - Christian Komposch
- OEKOTEAM - Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Graz, AustriaOEKOTEAM - Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape PlanningGrazAustria
| | - L’ubomír Kováč
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Kadir Boğaç Kunt
- Zoological Collection of Cyprus Wildlife Research Institute, Kyrenia, CyprusZoological Collection of Cyprus Wildlife Research InstituteKyreniaCyprus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical UniversityEskişehirTurkey
| | - Andrej Mock
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Oana Moldovan
- Emil Racovitza Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaEmil Racovitza Institute of SpeleologyCluj-NapocaRomania
| | - Maria Naumova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaRuđer Bošković InstituteZagrebCroatia
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, CroatiaCroatian Biospeleological SocietyZagrebCroatia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlos E. Prieto
- Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque CountryBilbaoSpain
| | - Carles Ribera
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Robert Rozwałka
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński UniversityWarsawPoland
| | - Vlastimil Růžička
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech RepublicBiology Centre, Institute of EntomologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Robert S. Vargovitsh
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, UkraineSchmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKievUkraine
| | - Stefan Zaenker
- Verband der deutschen Höhlen- und Karstforscher e.V., Fulda, GermanyVerband der deutschen Höhlen- und Karstforscher e.V.FuldaGermany
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurinItaly
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
- LIBRe – Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Elena Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Florian Malard
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE Villeurbanne France
| | - Philippe Vernon
- Univ Rennes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6553, ECOBIO Station Biologique de Paimpont Paimpont France
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
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Mammola S, Cardoso P, Culver DC, Deharveng L, Ferreira RL, Fišer C, Galassi DMP, Griebler C, Halse S, Humphreys WF, Isaia M, Malard F, Martinez A, Moldovan OT, Niemiller ML, Pavlek M, Reboleira ASPS, Souza-Silva M, Teeling EC, Wynne JJ, Zagmajster M. Scientists' Warning on the Conservation of Subterranean Ecosystems. Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In light of recent alarming trends in human population growth, climate change, and other environmental modifications, a “Warning to humanity” manifesto was published in BioScience in 2017. This call reiterated most of the ideas originally expressed by the Union of Concerned Scientists in 1992, including the fear that we are “pushing Earth's ecosystems beyond their capacities to support the web of life.” As subterranean biologists, we take this opportunity to emphasize the global importance and the conservation challenges associated with subterranean ecosystems. They likely represent the most widespread nonmarine environments on Earth, but specialized subterranean organisms remain among the least documented and studied. Largely overlooked in conservation policies, subterranean habitats play a critical role in the function of the web of life and provide important ecosystem services. We highlight the main threats to subterranean ecosystems and propose a set of effective actions to protect this globally important natural heritage.
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Milano F, Mammola S, Rollard C, Leccia MF, Isaia M. An inventory of the spider species of Barcelonnette (France), with taxonomic notes on Piniphantes agnellus n. comb. (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZOOSYSTEMA 2019. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Milano
- Lab. di Ecologia – Ecosistemi terrestri, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, I-10123 Torino (Italy)
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Lab. di Ecologia – Ecosistemi terrestri, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, I-10123 Torino (Italy)
| | - Christine Rollard
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
| | | | - Marco Isaia
- Lab. di Ecologia – Ecosistemi terrestri, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, I-10123 Torino (Italy)
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Axel L. Schönhofer
- Abteilung Evolutionsbiologie; Institut für Zoologie; Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Turin; Turin Italy
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Abstract
Being characterized by the absence of light and a reduced environmental cyclicity, the subterranean domain is generally regarded as temporally stable. Yet, in the proximity of cave entrances (twilight zones), patterns of sunlight and darkness can be detected within the 24-hour day–night cycle. In parallel, changes in the abiotic and biotic conditions are expected; however, these patterns have been rarely explored in animal communities dwelling in the twilight zone. We performed a biological investigation in a small abandoned mine in the Western Alps, monitoring it once per season, both during the day and at night. At each survey, we collected data on the spatial distribution of the resident species, their activity patterns, and the main microclimatic parameters. We observed significant daily variations in the environmental conditions during winter and spring, namely higher temperature, relative humidity and availability of trophic resources at night. In conjunction with these disparate nocturnal conditions, the abundance of troglophile species was also higher, as well as the activity patterns of one of the most frequent species inhabiting the entrance area – the orb-weaver spiderMetamenardi. We further documented temporal changes in the composition of the parietal community, due to species using the mine as a diurnal, nocturnal or overwintering shelter. Overall, our results suggest that the communities of the twilight zone are not temporally stable and we highlight the importance of taking into account not only their seasonal, but also their daily variations.
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Mammola S, Arnedo MA, Pantini P, Piano E, Chiappetta N, Isaia M. Ecological speciation in darkness? Spatial niche partitioning in sibling subterranean spiders (Araneae : Linyphiidae : Troglohyphantes). INVERTEBR SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/is17090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Speciation in subterranean habitats is commonly explained as the result of divergent selection in geographically isolated populations; conversely, the contribution of niche partitioning in driving subterranean species diversification has been rarely quantified. The present study integrated molecular and morphological data with a hypervolume analysis based on functional traits to investigate a potential case of parapatric speciation by means of niche differentiation in two sibling spiders inhabiting contiguous subterranean habitats within a small alpine hypogean site. Troglohyphantes giachinoi, sp. nov. and T. bornensis are diagnosed by small details of the genitalia, which are likely to be involved in a reproductive barrier. Molecular analysis recovered the two species as sister, and revealed a deep genetic divergence that may trace back to the Messinian (~6 million years ago). The hypervolume analysis highlighted a marginal overlap in their ecological niches, coupled with morphological character displacement. Specifically, T. giachinoi, sp. nov. exhibits morphological traits suitable for thriving in the smaller pores of the superficial network of underground fissures (Milieu Souterrain Superficiel, MSS), whereas T. bornensis shows a greater adaptation to the deep subterranean habitat. Our results suggest that different selective regimes within the subterranean environment, i.e. deep caves v. MSS, may either drive local speciation or facilitate contiguous distributions of independently subterranean adapted species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Turin Italy
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Carles Ribera
- Biodiversity Research Institute and Department of Animal Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Biodiversity Research Institute and Department of Animal Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Ruđer Bošković Institute; Zagreb Croatia
- Croatian Biospeleological Society; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Turin Italy
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Tampucci D, Azzoni RS, Boracchi P, Citterio C, Compostella C, Diolaiuti G, Isaia M, Marano G, Smiraglia C, Gobbi M, Caccianiga M. Debris-covered glaciers as habitat for plant and arthropod species: Environmental framework and colonization patterns. Ecological Complexity 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lichtenberg EM, Kennedy CM, Kremen C, Batáry P, Berendse F, Bommarco R, Bosque-Pérez NA, Carvalheiro LG, Snyder WE, Williams NM, Winfree R, Klatt BK, Åström S, Benjamin F, Brittain C, Chaplin-Kramer R, Clough Y, Danforth B, Diekötter T, Eigenbrode SD, Ekroos J, Elle E, Freitas BM, Fukuda Y, Gaines-Day HR, Grab H, Gratton C, Holzschuh A, Isaacs R, Isaia M, Jha S, Jonason D, Jones VP, Klein AM, Krauss J, Letourneau DK, Macfadyen S, Mallinger RE, Martin EA, Martinez E, Memmott J, Morandin L, Neame L, Otieno M, Park MG, Pfiffner L, Pocock MJO, Ponce C, Potts SG, Poveda K, Ramos M, Rosenheim JA, Rundlöf M, Sardiñas H, Saunders ME, Schon NL, Sciligo AR, Sidhu CS, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T, Veselý M, Weisser WW, Wilson JK, Crowder DW. A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:4946-4957. [PMID: 28488295 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, we quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in-field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in-field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor M Lichtenberg
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Claire Kremen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Berendse
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nilsa A Bosque-Pérez
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Björn K Klatt
- Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Åström
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Faye Benjamin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Claire Brittain
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bryan Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanford D Eigenbrode
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Elle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Breno M Freitas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Yuki Fukuda
- Centres for the Study of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Heather Grab
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dennis Jonason
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent P Jones
- Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deborah K Letourneau
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel E Mallinger
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emily A Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Lisa Neame
- Alberta Environment and Parks, Regional Planning Branch, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Otieno
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Embu University College, Embu, Kenya
| | - Mia G Park
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Humanities & Integrated Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lukas Pfiffner
- Department of Crop Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos Ponce
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mariangie Ramos
- Department of Agricultural Technology, University of Puerto Rico at Utuado, Utuado, PR, USA
| | - Jay A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hillary Sardiñas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Manu E Saunders
- Institute for Land Water & Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole L Schon
- AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Amber R Sciligo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C Sheena Sidhu
- University of California Cooperative Extension, San Mateo & San Francisco Counties, Half Moon Bay, CA, USA
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Milan Veselý
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julianna K Wilson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Mammola S, Michalik P, Hebets EA, Isaia M. Record breaking achievements by spiders and the scientists who study them. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3972. [PMID: 29104823 PMCID: PMC5668680 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal biology has been steadily losing fashion in both formal education and scientific research. Simultaneous with this is an observable decrease in the connection between humans, their environment, and the organisms with which they share the planet. Nonetheless, we propose that organismal biology can facilitate scientific observation, discovery, research, and engagement, especially when the organisms of focus are ubiquitous and charismatic animals such as spiders. Despite being often feared, spiders are mysterious and intriguing, offering a useful foundation for the effective teaching and learning of scientific concepts and processes. In order to provide an entryway for teachers and students-as well as scientists themselves-into the biology of spiders, we compiled a list of 99 record breaking achievements by spiders (the "Spider World Records"). We chose a world-record style format, as this is known to be an effective way to intrigue readers of all ages. We highlighted, for example, the largest and smallest spiders, the largest prey eaten, the fastest runners, the highest fliers, the species with the longest sperm, the most venomous species, and many more. We hope that our compilation will inspire science educators to embrace the biology of spiders as a resource that engages students in science learning. By making these achievements accessible to non-arachnologists and arachnologists alike, we suggest that they could be used: (i) by educators to draw in students for science education, (ii) to highlight gaps in current organismal knowledge, and (iii) to suggest novel avenues for future research efforts. Our contribution is not meant to be comprehensive, but aims to raise public awareness on spiders, while also providing an initial database of their record breaking achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- IUCN SSC Spider and Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter Michalik
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eileen A. Hebets
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- IUCN SSC Spider and Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy
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Piano E, De Wolf K, Bona F, Bonte D, Bowler DE, Isaia M, Lens L, Merckx T, Mertens D, van Kerckvoorde M, De Meester L, Hendrickx F. Urbanization drives community shifts towards thermophilic and dispersive species at local and landscape scales. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:2554-2564. [PMID: 27997069 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing conversion of agricultural and natural areas to human-dominated urban landscapes is predicted to lead to a major decline in biodiversity worldwide. Two conditions that typically differ between urban environments and the surrounding landscape are increased temperature, and high patch isolation and habitat turnover rates. However, the extent and spatial scale at which these altered conditions shape biotic communities through selection and/or filtering on species traits are currently poorly understood. We sampled carabid beetles at 81 sites in Belgium using a hierarchically nested sampling design wherein three local-scale (200 × 200 m) urbanization levels were repeatedly sampled across three landscape-scale (3 × 3 km) urbanization levels. First, we showed that communities sampled in the most urbanized locations and landscapes displayed a distinct species composition at both local and landscape scale. Second, we related community means of species-specific thermal preferences and dispersal capacity (based on European distribution and wing morphology, respectively) to the urbanization gradients. We showed that urban communities consisted on average of species with a preference for higher temperatures and with better dispersal capacities compared to rural communities. These shifts were caused by an increased number of species tolerating higher temperatures, a decreased richness of species with low thermal preference, and an almost complete depletion of species with very low-dispersal capacity in the most urbanized localities. Effects of urbanization were most clearly detected at the local scale, although more subtle effects could also be found at the scale of entire landscapes. Our results demonstrate that urbanization may fundamentally and consistently alter species composition by exerting a strong filtering effect on species dispersal characteristics and favouring replacement by warm-dwelling species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
- Entomology Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Wolf
- Entomology Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Francesca Bona
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Diana E Bowler
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Merckx
- Behavioural Ecology and Conservation Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2, 1348, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Daan Mertens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marc van Kerckvoorde
- Entomology Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. De Bériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Entomology Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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Abstract
World experts of different disciplines, from molecular biology to macro-ecology, recognize the value of cave ecosystems as ideal ecological and evolutionary laboratories. Among other subterranean taxa, spiders stand out as intriguing model organisms for their ecological role of top predators, their unique adaptations to the hypogean medium and their sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance. As the description of the first eyeless spider (Stalita taenaria), an array of papers on subterranean spider biology, ecology and evolution has been published, but a comprehensive review on these topics is still lacking. We provide a general overview of the spider families recorded in hypogean habitats worldwide, we review the different adaptations of hypogean spiders to subterranean life, and we summarize the information gathered so far about their origin, population structure, ecology and conservation status. Finally, we point out the limits of the knowledge we currently have regarding hypogean spiders, aiming to stimulate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy
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Mammola S, Hormiga G, Isaia M. Species conservation profile of the stenoendemic cave spider Pimoa delphinica (Araneae, Pimoidae) from the Varaita valley (NW-Italy). Biodivers Data J 2017:e11509. [PMID: 28325985 PMCID: PMC5345104 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.5.e11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Torino, Italy; IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy
| | - Gustavo Hormiga
- The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Marco Isaia
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Torino, Italy; IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy
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Piano E, Isaia M, Falasco E, La Morgia V, Soldato G, Bona F. Local versus landscape spatial influence on biodiversity: a case study across five European industrialized areas. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:126. [PMID: 28238172 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Land use change-mostly habitat loss and fragmentation-has been recognized as one of the major drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide. According to the habitat amount hypothesis, these phenomena are mostly driven by the habitat area effect. As a result, species richness is a function of both the extent of suitable habitats and their availability in the surrounding landscape, irrespective of the dimension and isolation of patches of suitable habitat. In this context, we tested how the extent of natural areas, selected as proxies of suitable habitats for biodiversity, influences species richness in highly anthropogenic landscapes. We defined five circular sampling areas of 5 km radius, including both natural reserves and anthropogenic land uses, centred in five major industrial sites in France, Italy and Germany. We monitored different biodiversity indicators for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, including breeding birds, diurnal butterflies, grassland vegetation, odonata, amphibians, aquatic plants and benthic diatoms. We studied the response of the different indicators to the extent of natural land uses in the sampling area (local effect) and in the surrounding landscape (landscape effect), identified as a peripheral ring encircling the sampling area. Results showed a positive response of five out of seven biodiversity indicators, with aquatic plants and odonata responding positively to the local effect, while birds, vegetation and diatoms showed a positive response to the landscape effect. Diatoms also showed a significant combined response to both effects. We conclude that surrounding landscapes act as important biodiversity sources, increasing the local biodiversity in highly anthropogenic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - M Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy.
| | - E Falasco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - V La Morgia
- ISPRA, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Soldato
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - F Bona
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino. Via Accademia Albertina, 13. I-10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino. Via Accademia Albertina, 13. I-10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Mazzuca
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paolo Pantini
- Museo civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi.” Piazza Cittadella, 10. I-24129 Bergamo, Italy
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Mammola S, Milano F, Cardoso P, Isaia M. Species conservation profile of the alpine stenoendemic spider Vesubia jugorum (Araneae, Lycosidae) from the Maritime Alps. Biodivers Data J 2016:e10527. [PMID: 27932924 PMCID: PMC5136662 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.4.e10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy
| | - Filippo Milano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy
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Lüscher G, Ammari Y, Andriets A, Angelova S, Arndorfer M, Bailey D, Balázs K, Bogers M, Bunce RGH, Choisis JP, Dennis P, Díaz M, Dyman T, Eiter S, Fjellstad W, Fraser M, Friedel JK, Garchi S, Geijzendorffer IR, Gomiero T, González-Bornay G, Guteva Y, Herzog F, Jeanneret P, Jongman RHG, Kainz M, Kwikiriza N, López Díaz ML, Moreno G, Nicholas-Davies P, Nkwiine C, Opio J, Paoletti MG, Podmaniczky L, Pointereau P, Pulido F, Sarthou JP, Schneider MK, Sghaier T, Siebrecht N, Stoyanova S, Wolfrum S, Yashchenko S, Albrecht H, Báldi A, Belényesi M, Benhadi-Marin J, Blick T, Buholzer S, Centeri C, Choisis N, Cuendet G, De Lange HJ, Déjean S, Deltshev C, Díaz Cosín DJ, Dramstad W, Elek Z, Engan G, Evtushenko K, Falusi E, Finch OD, Frank T, Gavinelli F, Genoud D, Gillingham PK, Grónás V, Gutiérrez M, Häusler W, Heer X, Hübner T, Isaia M, Jerkovich G, Jesus JB, Kakudidi E, Kelemen E, Koncz N, Kovacs E, Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Last L, Ljubomirov T, Mandery K, Mayr J, Mjelde A, Muster C, Nascimbene J, Neumayer J, Ødegaard F, Ortiz Sánchez FJ, Oschatz ML, Papaja-Hülsbergen S, Paschetta M, Pavett M, Pelosi C, Penksza K, Pommeresche R, Popov V, Radchenko V, Richner N, Riedel S, Scullion J, Sommaggio D, Szalkovszki O, Szerencsits E, Trigo D, Vale J, van Kats R, Vasilev A, Whittington AE, Wilkes-Allemann J, Zanetti T. Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions. Ecology 2016; 97:1625. [PMID: 27859220 DOI: 10.1890/15-1985.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Farmland is a major land cover type in Europe and Africa and provides habitat for numerous species. The severe decline in farmland biodiversity of the last decades has been attributed to changes in farming practices, and organic and low-input farming are assumed to mitigate detrimental effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity. Since the farm enterprise is the primary unit of agricultural decision making, management-related effects at the field scale need to be assessed at the farm level. Therefore, in this study, data were collected on habitat characteristics, vascular plant, earthworm, spider, and bee communities and on the corresponding agricultural management in 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions. In 15 environmental and agricultural homogeneous regions, 6-20 farms with the same farm type (e.g., arable crops, grassland, or specific permanent crops) were selected. If available, an equal number of organic and non-organic farms were randomly selected. Alternatively, farms were sampled along a gradient of management intensity. For all selected farms, the entire farmed area was mapped, which resulted in total in the mapping of 11 338 units attributed to 194 standardized habitat types, provided together with additional descriptors. On each farm, one site per available habitat type was randomly selected for species diversity investigations. Species were sampled on 2115 sites and identified to the species level by expert taxonomists. Species lists and abundance estimates are provided for each site and sampling date (one date for plants and earthworms, three dates for spiders and bees). In addition, farmers provided information about their management practices in face-to-face interviews following a standardized questionnaire. Farm management indicators for each farm are available (e.g., nitrogen input, pesticide applications, or energy input). Analyses revealed a positive effect of unproductive areas and a negative effect of intensive management on biodiversity. Communities of the four taxonomic groups strongly differed in their response to habitat characteristics, agricultural management, and regional circumstances. The data has potential for further insights into interactions of farmland biodiversity and agricultural management at site, farm, and regional scale.
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Mammola S, Giachino PM, Piano E, Jones A, Barberis M, Badino G, Isaia M. Ecology and sampling techniques of an understudied subterranean habitat: the Milieu Souterrain Superficiel (MSS). Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Berto S, De Laurentiis E, Tota T, Chiavazza E, Daniele PG, Minella M, Isaia M, Brigante M, Vione D. Properties of the humic-like material arising from the photo-transformation of L-tyrosine. Sci Total Environ 2016; 545-546:434-444. [PMID: 26748008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The UVB photolysis of L-tyrosine yields species with fluorescence and absorption spectra that are very similar to those of humic substances. By potentiometric measurements, chemical modeling and the application of NMR, mass spectrometry and laser flash photolysis, it was possible to get insights into the structural and chemical properties of the compounds derived by the L-tyrosine phototransformation. The photolytic process follows aromatic-ring hydroxylation and dimerization. The latter is presumably linked with the photoinduced generation of tyrosyl (phenoxy-type) radicals, which have a marked tendency to dimerize and possibly oligomerize. Interestingly, photoinduced transformation gives compounds with protogenic and complexation capabilities similar to those of the humic substances that occur naturally in surface waters. This finding substantiates a new and potentially important abiotic (photolytic) pathway for the formation of humic compounds in surface-water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Berto
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Elisa De Laurentiis
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tota
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Chiavazza
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marco Minella
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, BP 80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Paschetta M, Christille C, Marguerettaz F, Isaia M. Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy). ZOOSYSTEMA 2016. [DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mammola S, Isaia M, Arnedo MA. Alpine endemic spiders shed light on the origin and evolution of subterranean species. PeerJ 2016; 3:e1384. [PMID: 26734503 PMCID: PMC4699788 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed a comparative study to unravel the phylogeography of two Alpine endemic spiders characterized by a different degree of adaptation to subterranean life: Troglohyphantes vignai (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and Pimoa rupicola (Araneae, Pimoidae), the latter showing minor adaptation to hypogean life. We sampled populations of the model species in caves and other subterranean habitats across their known geographical range in the Western Alps. By combining phylogeographic inferences and Ecological Niche Modeling techniques, we inferred the biogeographic scenario that led to the present day population structure of the two species. According to our divergent time estimates and relative uncertainties, the isolation of T. vignai and P. rupicola from their northern sister groups was tracked back to Middle–Late Miocene. Furthermore, the fingerprint left by Pleistocene glaciations on the population structure revealed by the genetic data, led to the hypothesis that a progressive adaptation to subterranean habitats occurred in T. vignai, followed by strong population isolation. On the other hand, P. rupicola underwent a remarkable genetic bottleneck during the Pleistocene glaciations, that shaped its present population structure. It seems likely that such shallow population structure is both the result of the minor degree of specialization to hypogean life and the higher dispersal ability characterizing this species. The simultaneous study of overlapping spider species showing different levels of adaptation to hypogean life, disclosed a new way to clarify patterns of biological diversification and to understand the effects of past climatic shift on the subterranean biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Miquel A Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Animal & Biodiversity Research Institute, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Mammola S, Hormiga G, Arnedo MA, Isaia M. Unexpected diversity in the relictual European spiders of the genus Pimoa (Araneae : Pimoidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/is16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pimoidae is a small family of araneoid spiders, hitherto represented in Europe by two species with disjunct distribution in the Alps and in the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain. Here we report the description of two additional European species of Pimoa, discovered within the range of the only former alpine species, P. rupicola: P. graphitica sp. nov. and P. delphinica sp. nov. The new species are distinguished from the latter by genitalic characters as well as by molecular characters. On the basis of the re-examination of old and recent abundant material collected in caves and other subterranean habitats, we revise the distribution patterns of the genus Pimoa in the Alps and outline the species distribution ranges. Molecular data suggest the existence of gene flow between populations of the two new species when in sympatry. The different species probably originated in the alpine region as a result of range contractions following dramatic climatic changes in the Alps since the mid Miocene. We interpreted the present-day overlapping distribution in light of a possible postglacial expansion. Finally, we provide insights on the natural history and life cycles of the new species and discuss their phylogenetic relationships within Pimoidae.
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Decae A, Pantini P, Isaia M. A new species-complex within the trapdoor spider genus Nemesia Audouin 1826 distributed in northern and central Italy, with descriptions of three new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2015; 4059:525-40. [PMID: 26701576 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Three new Nemesia Audouin 1826 species from northern and central Italy are named. They share a combination of sexual characters, not found in other described species. A new species-complex within Nemesia is here referred to as the apenninica group. Within the apenninica group, N. apenninica n. sp., N. hastensis n. sp., and N. pedemontana n. sp. differ in the morphology of the male palpal organ and the female spermathecae. The three species have different kinds of geographical distributions. While N. apenninica and N. hastensis have locally restricted and geographically separated distributions, the distribution of N. pedemontana overlaps with that of both of these species and extends widely in northern and central Italy. In its periphery, the distribution of N. pedemontana overlaps with that of species other than the apenninica group, e.g., N. meridionalis (Costa, 1835) in southern Italy and N. manderstjernae (L. Koch, 1871) and N. carminans (Latreille, 1818) in Liguria. Information on burrow structure, phenology and habitat are provided for all three new species. Some aspects of the behavior and feeding are discussed for N. pedemontana and N. hastensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Decae
- Natural History Museum Rotterdam, Westzeedijk 345 (Museumpark), 3015 AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.;
| | - Paolo Pantini
- Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali "E. Caffi" di Bergamo, Piazza Cittadella 10, 24129 Bergamo, Italy.;
| | - Marco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.;
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Morgia VL, Balbo C, Memoli S, Isaia M. Rodents in grassland habitats: does livestock grazing matter? A comparison of two Alpine sites with different grazing histories. ZOOSYSTEMA 2015. [DOI: 10.5252/z2015n4a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Villemant C, Daugeron C, Gargominy O, Isaia M, Deharveng L, Judson MLI. The Mercantour/Alpi Marittime All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI): achievements and prospects. ZOOSYSTEMA 2015. [DOI: 10.5252/z2015n4a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Piano E, Bona F, Falasco E, La Morgia V, Badino G, Isaia M. Environmental drivers of phototrophic biofilms in an Alpine show cave (SW-Italian Alps). Sci Total Environ 2015; 536:1007-1018. [PMID: 26112916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of lampenflora is a major threat for the conservation of show caves, since phototrophic organisms cause physical, chemical and aesthetic damage to speleothems. In this paper we examine the environmental factors influencing the presence and the growth of the three main photosynthetic groups composing phototrophic biofilms in the Bossea show cave (SW-Italian Alps). The presence and the primary production of cyanobacteria, diatoms and green algae were detected with BenthoTorch®, an instrument for in situ measurement of chlorophyll a concentration that has never been used before in caves. By means of different techniques of regression analysis, we highlighted the response of the three photosynthetic groups to different environmental factors. Illuminance proved to be the main factor influencing positively both the probability of the presence and the productivity of the three groups. The presence of seeping water on the substrate and the distance from the cave entrance proved to play an important role in determining patterns of colonization. By means of GIS techniques, we provide thematic maps of the cave, providing a representation of pattern of the density of the three examined photosynthetic groups within different areas of the cave. The same approach may apply to other show caves, aiming at providing suggestions for the cave management (i.e. cleaning of the cave walls and positioning of artificial lights) and reduce impact caused by tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - F Bona
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - E Falasco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - V La Morgia
- ISPRA, via Ca' Fornacetta, 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - G Badino
- Department of Physics, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - M Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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Isaia M, Paschetta M, Chiarle A. Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation “Alpi Marittime” (NW Italy). ZOOSYSTEMA 2015. [DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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