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Hung KLJ, Fan SL, Strang CG, Park MG, Thomson JD. Pollen carryover, pollinator movement, and spatial context impact the delivery of pollination services in apple orchards. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2917. [PMID: 37661589 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the relative contributions of different pollinator taxa to pollination services is a central task in both basic eco-evolutionary research and applied conservation and agriculture. To that end, many studies have quantified single-visit pollen deposition and visitation frequency, which together determine a pollinator species' rate of conspecific pollen delivery. However, for plant species that require or benefit from outcrossing, pollination service quality further depends upon the ratio of outcross to self-pollen deposited, which is determined by two additional pollinator traits: pollen carryover and movement patterns among genetically compatible plant individuals. Here, we compare the pollination capacities of managed honey bees, native bumble bees, and native mining bees in apple-a varietally self-incompatible commercial crop-when pollen carryover and pollinator movement patterns are considered. We constructed simulation models of outcross pollen deposition parameterized using empirically measured single-visit pollen deposition, visitation frequency, and probabilities of intertree movement exhibited by each pollinator type, as well as pollen carryover patterns simulated based on parameters reported in the literature. In these models, we also explicitly specified the spatial relationships among cross-compatible trees based on field-realistic orchard layout schemes. We found that estimated pollination service delivery was considerably reduced for all pollinator types when pollen carryover and pollinator movement patterns were considered, as compared to when only single-visit pollen deposition and visitation frequency were considered. We also found that the performance of different pollinator types varied greatly across simulated orchard layout schemes and pollen carryover scenarios, including one instance where bumble and mining bees reversed their relative rankings. In all simulations, native bumble and mining bees outperformed managed honey bees in terms of both outcross pollen delivery per unit time and per flower visited, with disparities being greatest under scenarios of low pollen carryover. We demonstrate the degree to which pollination studies may reach inaccurate conclusions regarding pollination service delivery when pollen carryover and pollinator movement patterns are ignored. Our finding of the strong context dependence of pollination efficiency, even within a single plant-pollinator taxon pair, cautions that future studies in both basic and applied pollination biology should explicitly consider the ecological context in which pollination interactions take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Lou James Hung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sophia L Fan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline G Strang
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mia G Park
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - James D Thomson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Park MG, Delphia CM, Prince C, Yocum GD, Rinehart JP, O’Neill KM, Burkle LA, Bowsher JH, Greenlee KJ. Effects of Temperature and Wildflower Strips on Survival and Macronutrient Stores of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Under Extended Cold Storage. Environ Entomol 2022; 51:958-968. [PMID: 35964238 PMCID: PMC9585370 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Megachile rotundata (F.) is an important pollinator of alfalfa in the United States. Enhancing landscapes with wildflowers is a primary strategy for conserving pollinators and may improve the sustainability of M. rotundata. Changing cold storage temperatures from a traditionally static thermal regime (STR) to a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) improves overwintering success and extends M. rotundata's shelf life and pollination window. Whether floral resources enhance overwintering survival and/or interact with a thermal regime are unknown. We tested the combined effects of enhancing alfalfa fields with wildflowers and thermal regime on survival and macronutrient stores under extended cold storage (i.e., beyond one season). Megachile rotundata adults were released in alfalfa plots with and without wildflower strips. Completed nests were harvested in September and stored in STR. After a year, cells were randomly assigned to remain in STR for 6 months or in FTR for a year of extended cold storage; emergence rates were observed monthly. Macronutrient levels of emerged females were assessed. FTR improved M. rotundata survival but there was no measurable effect of wildflower strips on overwintering success or nutrient stores. Timing of nest establishment emerged as a key factor: offspring produced late in the season had lower winter survival and dry body mass. Sugars and glycogen stores increased under FTR but not STR. Trehalose levels were similar across treatments. Total lipid stores depleted faster under FTR. While wildflowers did not improve M. rotundata survival, our findings provide mechanistic insight into benefits and potential costs of FTR for this important pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey M Delphia
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Montana Entomology Collection, Marsh Labs, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Cassandra Prince
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - George D Yocum
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Joseph P Rinehart
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kevin M O’Neill
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Julia H Bowsher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kendra J Greenlee
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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3
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Kang CH, Roh J, Yeom JA, Ahn SH, Park MG, Park KP, Baik SK. Asymptomatic Cerebral Vasoconstriction after Carotid Artery Stenting. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:305-309. [PMID: 31974083 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carotid artery stent placement is widely performed for treatment of carotid stenosis. The purpose of this study is to present our observations on cerebral vasoconstriction in ipsilateral anterior circulation during immediate poststenting angiography in patients with near-total occlusion of the proximal ICA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patient data from December 2008 to December 2018. There were 28 patients with carotid near-total occlusion. Two neuroradiologists reviewed the final cerebral angiographic finding of carotid artery stent placement to evaluate the presence of vasoconstriction or vasodilation. RESULTS A total of 28 patients with near-total occlusion (mean ± standard deviation age, 69.0 ± 6.5 years; 92.9% male) were analyzed. Ten patients showed vasoconstriction in the treated territory, and 18 patients did not show vasoconstriction after carotid artery stenting. There were no statistically significant differences in comorbidity, frequency of symptomatic lesions, antiplatelet medication, mean procedure time, and initial NIHSS and baseline modified Rankin scale scores between the 2 groups. However, vasoconstriction is more likely to happen in patients with isolated territory from the contralateral anterior and posterior circulation (66.7% in the isolated territory group and 12.5% in the not-isolated territory group; P < .05). No headache or neurologic deficit was noted in all 10 patients with cerebral vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral vasoconstriction may occur after carotid artery stenting more frequently than expected. It occurs more frequently in patients with near-total occlusion and with isolation of the cerebral circulation. A large-scale study is necessary to assess the clinical implications of cerebral vasoconstriction after carotid artery stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kang
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.H.K., J.R., J.A.Y., S.K.B.)
| | - J Roh
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.H.K., J.R., J.A.Y., S.K.B.)
| | - J A Yeom
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.H.K., J.R., J.A.Y., S.K.B.)
| | - S H Ahn
- Neurology (S.H.A., M.G.P., K.P.P.), Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - M G Park
- Neurology (S.H.A., M.G.P., K.P.P.), Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - K P Park
- Neurology (S.H.A., M.G.P., K.P.P.), Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - S K Baik
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.H.K., J.R., J.A.Y., S.K.B.)
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4
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Grab H, Branstetter MG, Amon N, Urban-Mead KR, Park MG, Gibbs J, Blitzer EJ, Poveda K, Loeb G, Danforth BN. Agriculturally dominated landscapes reduce bee phylogenetic diversity and pollination services. Science 2019; 363:282-284. [PMID: 30655441 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change threatens global biodiversity and may reshape the tree of life by favoring some lineages over others. Whether phylogenetic diversity loss compromises ecosystem service delivery remains unknown. We address this knowledge gap using extensive genomic, community, and crop datasets to examine relationships among land use, pollinator phylogenetic structure, and crop production. Pollinator communities in highly agricultural landscapes contain 230 million fewer years of evolutionary history; this loss was strongly associated with reduced crop yield and quality. Our study links landscape-mediated changes in the phylogenetic structure of natural communities to the disruption of ecosystem services. Measuring conservation success by species counts alone may fail to protect ecosystem functions and the full diversity of life from which they are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Grab
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michael G Branstetter
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Nolan Amon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Mia G Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Greg Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Bryan N Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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5
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Lichtenberg EM, Kennedy CM, Kremen C, Batáry P, Berendse F, Bommarco R, Bosque-Pérez NA, Carvalheiro LG, Snyder WE, Williams NM, Winfree R, Klatt BK, Åström S, Benjamin F, Brittain C, Chaplin-Kramer R, Clough Y, Danforth B, Diekötter T, Eigenbrode SD, Ekroos J, Elle E, Freitas BM, Fukuda Y, Gaines-Day HR, Grab H, Gratton C, Holzschuh A, Isaacs R, Isaia M, Jha S, Jonason D, Jones VP, Klein AM, Krauss J, Letourneau DK, Macfadyen S, Mallinger RE, Martin EA, Martinez E, Memmott J, Morandin L, Neame L, Otieno M, Park MG, Pfiffner L, Pocock MJO, Ponce C, Potts SG, Poveda K, Ramos M, Rosenheim JA, Rundlöf M, Sardiñas H, Saunders ME, Schon NL, Sciligo AR, Sidhu CS, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T, Veselý M, Weisser WW, Wilson JK, Crowder DW. A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:4946-4957. [PMID: 28488295 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, we quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in-field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in-field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor M Lichtenberg
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Claire Kremen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Berendse
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nilsa A Bosque-Pérez
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Björn K Klatt
- Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Åström
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Faye Benjamin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Claire Brittain
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bryan Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanford D Eigenbrode
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Elle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Breno M Freitas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Yuki Fukuda
- Centres for the Study of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Heather Grab
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dennis Jonason
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent P Jones
- Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deborah K Letourneau
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel E Mallinger
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emily A Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Lisa Neame
- Alberta Environment and Parks, Regional Planning Branch, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Otieno
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Embu University College, Embu, Kenya
| | - Mia G Park
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Humanities & Integrated Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lukas Pfiffner
- Department of Crop Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos Ponce
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mariangie Ramos
- Department of Agricultural Technology, University of Puerto Rico at Utuado, Utuado, PR, USA
| | - Jay A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hillary Sardiñas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Manu E Saunders
- Institute for Land Water & Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole L Schon
- AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Amber R Sciligo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C Sheena Sidhu
- University of California Cooperative Extension, San Mateo & San Francisco Counties, Half Moon Bay, CA, USA
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Milan Veselý
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julianna K Wilson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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6
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Park MG, Blitzer EJ, Gibbs J, Losey JE, Danforth BN. Negative effects of pesticides on wild bee communities can be buffered by landscape context. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150299. [PMID: 26041355 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild bee communities provide underappreciated but critical agricultural pollination services. Given predicted global shortages in pollination services, managing agroecosystems to support thriving wild bee communities is, therefore, central to ensuring sustainable food production. Benefits of natural (including semi-natural) habitat for wild bee abundance and diversity on farms are well documented. By contrast, few studies have examined toxicity of pesticides on wild bees, let alone effects of farm-level pesticide exposure on entire bee communities. Whether beneficial natural areas could mediate effects of harmful pesticides on wild bees is also unknown. Here, we assess the effect of conventional pesticide use on the wild bee community visiting apple (Malus domestica) within a gradient of percentage natural area in the landscape. Wild bee community abundance and species richness decreased linearly with increasing pesticide use in orchards one year after application; however, pesticide effects on wild bees were buffered by increasing proportion of natural habitat in the surrounding landscape. A significant contribution of fungicides to observed pesticide effects suggests deleterious properties of a class of pesticides that was, until recently, considered benign to bees. Our results demonstrate extended benefits of natural areas for wild pollinators and highlight the importance of considering the landscape context when weighing up the costs of pest management on crop pollination services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia G Park
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Department of Humanities and Integrated Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - E J Blitzer
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Biology Department, Carrol College, Helena, MT 59625, USA
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - John E Losey
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Bryan N Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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7
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Kleijn D, Winfree R, Bartomeus I, Carvalheiro LG, Henry M, Isaacs R, Klein AM, Kremen C, M'Gonigle LK, Rader R, Ricketts TH, Williams NM, Lee Adamson N, Ascher JS, Báldi A, Batáry P, Benjamin F, Biesmeijer JC, Blitzer EJ, Bommarco R, Brand MR, Bretagnolle V, Button L, Cariveau DP, Chifflet R, Colville JF, Danforth BN, Elle E, Garratt MPD, Herzog F, Holzschuh A, Howlett BG, Jauker F, Jha S, Knop E, Krewenka KM, Le Féon V, Mandelik Y, May EA, Park MG, Pisanty G, Reemer M, Riedinger V, Rollin O, Rundlöf M, Sardiñas HS, Scheper J, Sciligo AR, Smith HG, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thorp R, Tscharntke T, Verhulst J, Viana BF, Vaissière BE, Veldtman R, Ward KL, Westphal C, Potts SG. Delivery of crop pollination services is an insufficient argument for wild pollinator conservation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7414. [PMID: 26079893 PMCID: PMC4490361 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that more diverse ecosystems deliver greater benefits to people, and these ecosystem services have become a key argument for biodiversity conservation. However, it is unclear how much biodiversity is needed to deliver ecosystem services in a cost-effective way. Here we show that, while the contribution of wild bees to crop production is significant, service delivery is restricted to a limited subset of all known bee species. Across crops, years and biogeographical regions, crop-visiting wild bee communities are dominated by a small number of common species, and threatened species are rarely observed on crops. Dominant crop pollinators persist under agricultural expansion and many are easily enhanced by simple conservation measures, suggesting that cost-effective management strategies to promote crop pollination should target a different set of species than management strategies to promote threatened bees. Conserving the biological diversity of bees therefore requires more than just ecosystem-service-based arguments. One argument for conserving biological diversity is that it delivers beneficial ecosystem services. However, Kleijn et al. show that the economic benefits of crop pollination are delivered by only a small subset of relatively common species, arguing that threatened species should be considered separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kleijn
- Animal Ecology Team, Center for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra, Wageningen UR, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Departmento Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EDB-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Miall Building, Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mickaël Henry
- UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, INRA, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France.,UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, INRA, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 578 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Group, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79106, Germany
| | - Claire Kremen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3114, USA
| | - Leithen K M'Gonigle
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3114, USA
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia
| | - Taylor H Ricketts
- Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, 617 Main Street, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | - John S Ascher
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - András Báldi
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány u. 2-4, Vácrátót 2163, Hungary
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Faye Benjamin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Jacobus C Biesmeijer
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor J Blitzer
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Mariëtte R Brand
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa.,Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.,Iziko South African Museum, 25 Queen Victoria Street, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université La Rochelle, F-79360 Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
| | - Lindsey Button
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University,8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Daniel P Cariveau
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Rémy Chifflet
- Plateforme Régionale d'Innovation "Agriculture Biologique et Périurbaine Durable", EPLEFPA du Lycée Nature, Allée des Druides, 85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Jonathan F Colville
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa
| | - Bryan N Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Elizabeth Elle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université La Rochelle, F-79360 Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
| | - Michael P D Garratt
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Reckenholzstr. 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brad G Howlett
- Sustainable Production, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Frank Jauker
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 401 Biological Laboratories, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Eva Knop
- Community Ecology Group, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin M Krewenka
- Agroecology Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Violette Le Féon
- UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, INRA, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Yael Mandelik
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Emily A May
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 578 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Mia G Park
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Gideon Pisanty
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Menno Reemer
- EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Riedinger
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Orianne Rollin
- UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, INRA, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France.,UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, INRA, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France.,ITSAP - Institut de l'abeille, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hillary S Sardiñas
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3114, USA
| | - Jeroen Scheper
- Animal Ecology Team, Center for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra, Wageningen UR, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amber R Sciligo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3114, USA
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Department of Biology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Centre of Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robbin Thorp
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Blandina F Viana
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-290, Brazil
| | - Bernard E Vaissière
- UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, INRA, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France.,UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, INRA, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Ruan Veldtman
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa.,Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Kimiora L Ward
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Agroecology Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
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8
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Bartomeus I, Park MG, Gibbs J, Danforth BN, Lakso AN, Winfree R. Biodiversity ensures plant-pollinator phenological synchrony against climate change. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1331-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Bartomeus
- Department of Entomology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mia G. Park
- Department of Entomology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
- Department of Entomology; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | | | - Alan N. Lakso
- Department of Horticulture; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Entomology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
- Department of Ecology; Evolution and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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9
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Guilherme Becker C, Dalziel BD, Kersch-Becker MF, Park MG, Mouchka M. Indirect Effects of Human Development Along the Coast on Coral Health. Biotropica 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Guilherme Becker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY; 14853; U.S.A
| | - Benjamin D. Dalziel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY; 14853; U.S.A
| | - Mônica F. Kersch-Becker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY; 14853; U.S.A
| | - Mia G. Park
- Department of Entomology; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY; 14853; U.S.A
| | - Morgan Mouchka
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY; 14853; U.S.A
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10
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Kim DW, Kang JH, Lim YS, Lee MH, Seo WS, Park HH, Seo KH, Park MG. Pretreatment of polyethylene terephthalate substrate for the growth of Ga-doped ZnO thin film. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:1617-1620. [PMID: 21456250 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the pretreatment of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate on the growth of transparent conducting Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin film was investigated. Because of its high gas and moisture absorption and easy gas permeation, PET substrate was annealed at 100 degrees C in a vacuum chamber prior to the sputtering growth of GZO thin film for the outgassing of impurity gases. GZO thin film was deposited on the pretreated PET substrate by rf-magnetron sputtering and significantly improved electrical properties of GZO thin film was achieved. Electrical and structural characterizations of the GZO thin films were carried out by 4-point probe, Hall measurement, and scanning electron microscopy, and the effects of the pretreatment on the improved properties of GZO thin films were discussed. This result is not only useful to PET substrate, but also could be applicable to other plastic substrates which inevitably containing the moisture and impurity gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Kim
- Green Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Seoul 153-801, Korea
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11
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Abstract
Biological invasions change native plant communities, but theory predicting whether introductions create naturalized or invasive species is lacking. Focusing on either plant traits or interactions of introduced plants with native biota creates unreliable results, and improvements may require integration of trait- and interaction-based approaches. To assess the importance of plant traits and herbivory on invasiveness, we incorporated herbivore effects in comparisons of growth and phenology of invasive Phragmites australis and its native congener P. australis subsp. americanus. Our results were influenced by venue (field or common garden), with extended life span and optimized leaf-age structure of introduced P. australis indicating greater potential for resource capture. Attack by introduced gallflies affected expression of plant traits, but we found no consistent effect of aphid attack. Origin did not affect leaf emergence or stem height, but preferential gallfly attack stunted native P. australis and delayed senescence. Greater resource capture and lower attack by nonnative herbivores could give introduced P. australis an advantage over the native subspecies. Our results demonstrating the importance of plant traits as well as their modification by interactions with natural enemies questions whether the outcome of plant introductions can be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia G Park
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA
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12
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Lee S, Kim DJ, Park MG, Park SK, Kim JS, Hyun SJ, Oh JE, Nam ES, Joo SH. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2147-8. [PMID: 18790176 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) includes pathologic changes of interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and fibrous intimal thickening. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is a fibrogenic cytokine involved in renal allograft fibrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is induced as an adaptive response to hypoxia triggering the production of fibrogenic cytokines such as TGF-beta1. Between January 1995 and February 2005, we performed 71 renal allograft biopsies in 61 recipients. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with an immunoperoxidase technique using as the primary antibody either a rabbit anti-human TGF-beta1 polyclonal or a mouse anti-human HIF-1alpha monoclonal reagent. The glomerular TGF-beta1 expression in recipients diagnosed with glomerulonephritis was significantly greater than other pathologic groups (P < .05), and the glomerular TGF-beta1 expression in the heavy proteinuria group (> or =2.5 g/d) was significantly greater than the low proteinuria group (<1.0 g/d; P < .05). The tubular and interstitial TGF-beta1 and HIF-1alpha expressions in CAN were greater than in other groups (P < .05). The tubular TGF-beta1 expression among the graft loss group was significantly greater than the graft function group (P < .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Abstract
For nutrient removal from low strength wastewater, biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes available at present are not efficient due to the shortage of organic carbon. By using the carbon source obtained from the degradation of return sludge, it was attempted to enhance the efficiency of denitrification and phosphorus release. Based on its degradation mechanism, the ENR (Endogenous Nitrate Respiration) process was developed and compared with the conventional A2/O (Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic), MUCT (Modified University of Cape Town) processes. In the experiment, the specific phosphorus release rates of A2/O, MUCT, and ENR processes were 0.8, 2.3, and 2.6 mg PO1-P g1 MLVSS-h. As the nitrate concentration decreased below 3.0 mg NO1-N l1 due to the endogenous nitrate respiration, the effluent nitrate of the ENR process was lower than the A2/O process and the MUCT process by 25% and 10% while the phosphorus removal efficiencies increased by 15% and 6%, respectively. It was found that the ENR process was an effective and economical alternative for removing nutrient from low strength wastewater
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Shin
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Taejon
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14
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Abstract
We investigated the effect of cromakalim, a K+ channel opener, that activates indirectly the Na(+)-K+ pump, in association with increased K+ conductance in the mesenteric arteries. In 65% of human mesenteric arteries tested, the concentration-dependent relaxation curves for cromakalim were biphasic: the low concentration (< 10(-7) M) effect was preferentially inhibited by ouabain, whereas the higher concentration effect was significantly inhibited by glibenclamide. In branches of canine mesenteric artery, the cromakalim-induced relaxation was inhibited by pretreatment with ouabain (1 microM) as well as by glibenclamide (1 microM). The reduction in contraction of human and canine mesenteric arterial strips caused by cromakalim was totally reversed by pretreatment with ouabain (1 microM) or glibenclamide (1 microM). On the other hand, in canine mesenteric artery, cromakalim caused a significant stimulation of 22Na+ influx and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake in association with increased 86Rb+ efflux, all of which were inhibited by glibenclamide (1 microM). Thus, it is suggested that cromakalim possesses the additional property to stimulate the Na(+)-K+ pump through an elevation in intracellular Na+, resulting in strong relaxation of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea
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15
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Kim YJ, Park MG, Choi WJ. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome--case report and review of clinical features. Korean J Ophthalmol 1990; 4:108-11. [PMID: 2092161 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.1990.4.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by the presence of gray-white flakes on the pupillary borders and anterior lens capsule, increased trabecular meshwork pigmentation, and association with glaucoma. We describe 3 patients with this syndrome seen at Asan Meidcal Center Department of Ophthalmology in 1989, and we focus on their clinical features and management. We believe that patients with this syndrome are not as rare in Korea as has been thought, judging by scant report of cases in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Rogers RD, Park MG, Kevill DN. Structure of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole. Acta Crystallogr C 1990; 46 ( Pt 11):2218-21. [PMID: 2073374 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270190002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
C15H13N3O, Mr = 251.29, triclinic, P-1, a = 9.294, (1), b = 11.394 (4), c = 13.375 (2) A, a = 103.60 (2), beta = 96.82 (1), gamma = 107.47 (2) degrees, V = 1285 A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.30 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K alpha) = 0.71073 A, mu = 0.92 cm-1, F(000) = 528, T = 295 K, final R = 0.045 for 2311 observed [Fo greater than or equal to 5 sigma(Fo)] reflections. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The triazole rings are planar with the phenyl substituents twisted with respect to these planes. The two molecules in the asymmetric unit are different in the relative twists of the phenyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115
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