1
|
Lee HJ, An S, Bae S, Lee JH. Diarylpropionitrile inhibits melanogenesis via protein kinase A/cAMP-response element-binding protein/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor signaling pathway in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:113-123. [PMID: 35203061 PMCID: PMC8890945 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), a selective agonist for estrogen receptor β (ERβ), has been reported to regulate various hormonal responses through activation of ERβ in tissues including the mammary gland and brain. However, the effect of DPN on melanogenesis independent of ERβ has not been studied. The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of anti-melanogenic effect of DPN and its underlying mechanism. Melanin contents and cellular tyrosinase activity assay indicated that DPN inhibited melanin biosynthesis in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cell line. However, DPN had no direct influence on in vitro tyrosinase catalytic activity. On the other hand, 17β-estradiol had no effect on inhibition of melanogenesis, suggesting that the DPN-mediated suppression of melanin production was not related with estrogen signaling pathway. Immunoblotting analysis showed that DPN down-regulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a central transcription factor of melanogenesis and its down-stream genes including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Also, DPN attenuated the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). Additionally, DPN suppressed the melanin synthesis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT conditioned media culture system suggesting that DPN has potential as an anti-melanogenic activity in physiological conditions. Collectively, our data show that DPN inhibits melanogenesis via down-regulation of PKA/CREB/MITF signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang X, Dong Q, Li J, Li F, Michniak-Kohn BB, Zhao D, Ho CT, Huang Q. Anti-Melanogenic Mechanism of Tetrahydrocurcumin and Enhancing Its Topical Delivery Efficacy Using a Lecithin-Based Nanoemulsion. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081185. [PMID: 34452146 PMCID: PMC8397971 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has been well known for its superior antioxidant properties. Therefore, it is speculated that it might be effective to relieve oxidative stress-induced diseases, such as skin hyperpigmentation. In this work, an in vitro B16F10 melanoma cell model was used to study the impact of THC on the melanogenic process under stressed conditions. It was demonstrated that THC could effectively inhibit the α-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells and the expressions of three key enzymes involved with the biosynthetic process of melanin, tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), were all significantly reduced. In addition, an in vitro human keratinocyte cell model was used to investigate the potential protective role of THC on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. It was found that THC could prevent H2O2-induced oxidative stress based on the results of both the cell viability study and the intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) study assessed by the flow cytometry. Last, THC was formulated into a lecithin based nanoemulsion, and an in vitro Franz diffusion cell study using Strat-M® membrane concluded that the nanoemulsion could significantly enhance the membrane permeation compared to the unformatted THC suspension. This research demonstrated the anti-melanogenic benefits of THC on the melanoma and keratinocyte cell models and the topical delivery efficacy could be significantly enhanced using a lecithin based nanoemulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Tang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (X.T.); (Q.D.); (C.-T.H.)
| | - Qiaoru Dong
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (X.T.); (Q.D.); (C.-T.H.)
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Fang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Bozena B. Michniak-Kohn
- Center of Dermal Research (CDR) and Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Life Sciences Building, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Denggao Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China;
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (X.T.); (Q.D.); (C.-T.H.)
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (X.T.); (Q.D.); (C.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-932-5514
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang R, Wei Y, Li M, Cai M, Gu R, Ma Y, Chen L, Wang J. Melanogenesis effects of rice protein hydrolysate and its characteristic peptides Leu-Leu-Lys, Leu-Pro-Lys, and pyroGlu-Lys on UVB-induced human epidermal melanocyte cells. Food Funct 2021; 11:8757-8767. [PMID: 32955075 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01808b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the melanogenesis effects of rice protein hydrolysate (RPH) and explored the underlying molecular mechanism of its characteristic peptides. In this investigation, human epidermal melanocyte (PIG1) cells were used to establish a UVB-induced model to evaluate the effect of RPH on melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to identify the peptide composition (2-4 amino acids) in RPH. Enzymatic hydrolysis was employed to screen the characteristic peptides Leu-Leu-Lys (LLK), Leu-Pro-Lys (LPK), and pyroGlu-Lys (pEK), while their effect on the molecular mechanism involved in the melanin synthesis process was further explored using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. The results indicated that RPH reduced the melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and ROS production in PIG1 cells. The selected peptides LLK, LPK, and pEK from RPH reduced the expression of tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) and affected melanin synthesis by regulating the JNK/β-Trcp/NFκB-p65/MITF signaling pathway at the mRNA and protein levels. This study shows that RPH plays a vital role in the melanogenesis process, therefore, providing a theoretical basis for the use of RPH as a novel additive product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Ying Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Mingliang Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Muyi Cai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Ruizeng Gu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Yong Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Novel dissolving microneedles preparation for synergistic melasma therapy: Combined effects of tranexamic acid and licorice extract. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120406. [PMID: 33711468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare dissolving microneedles (DMNs) patches containing tranexamic acid (TA) for the treatment of melasma. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were preferred as matrix materials through the compatibility experiment. In the in vitro permeation study, the transdermal amount of TA was significantly promoted through dissolving microneedles with the cumulative release was 44.43 ± 6.55%. By comparison, the release of TA solution assisted with solid microneedles (SMNs) was merely 11.31 ± 2.30% (p < 0.05). Pharmacokinetics study indicated the bioavailability of dissolving microneedles was more than 1.3 times compared with oral administration. In pharmacodynamics investigation, TA dissolving microneedles obviously reduced melanin deposition in the skin of melasma guinea pigs after 8 consecutive administrations. In particular, the combination of tranexamic acid and licorice extract (LIC) dissolving microneedles worked better than tranexamic acid alone. Accelerated stress conditions including high temperature, high humidity, as well as photostability were designed to prove that TA microneedles maintained good pharmaceutical stability. In conclusion, tranexamic acid dissolving microneedles showed reliable quality and remarkable effect. Moreover, the combination of tranexamic acid and licorice extract had a synergistic therapy in melasma.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a highly regulated process through which the pigment melanin is produced in skin cells. Irregularities in the molecular events that govern the process of skin pigmentation can cause disorders like vitiligo. In order to understand the biology of disease progression, it is important to have an in depth understanding of intracellular events. Mathematical models provide an integrated view of intracellular signalling. There are very few models to date that incorporate intracellular processes relevant to melanogenesis and only one to our knowledge that simulates the dynamics of response to varying levels of input. Here, we report the formulation of the largest Boolean model (265 nodes) for melanogenesis to date. The model was built on the basis of a detailed interaction network graph published by Raghunath et al. Through additional manual curation of the reported interactions, we converted the graph into a set of Boolean rules, following the procedure of the first Boolean model (62 nodes) for melanogenesis published by Lee et al. Simulations show that the predicted response to varying UV levels for most of the nodes is similar to the predictions of the existing model. The greater complexity allows investigation of the sensitivity of melanin to additional nodes. We carried out perturbation analysis of the network through node deletion and constitutive activation to identify sensitivity of outcomes, and compared the nodes identified as sensitive to previous reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dnyane
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
An S, Cho SY, Kang J, Lee S, Kim HS, Min DJ, Son E, Cho KH. Inhibition of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) can revert cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31535-31546. [PMID: 33229519 PMCID: PMC7733858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920338117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is defined as a stable, persistent arrest of cell proliferation. Here, we examine whether senescent cells can lose senescence hallmarks and reenter a reversible state of cell-cycle arrest (quiescence). We constructed a molecular regulatory network of cellular senescence based on previous experimental evidence. To infer the regulatory logic of the network, we performed phosphoprotein array experiments with normal human dermal fibroblasts and used the data to optimize the regulatory relationships between molecules with an evolutionary algorithm. From ensemble analysis of network models, we identified 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) as a promising target for inhibitors to convert the senescent state to the quiescent state. We showed that inhibition of PDK1 in senescent human dermal fibroblasts eradicates senescence hallmarks and restores entry into the cell cycle by suppressing both nuclear factor κB and mTOR signaling, resulting in restored skin regeneration capacity. Our findings provide insight into a potential therapeutic strategy to treat age-related diseases associated with the accumulation of senescent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sugyun An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Cho
- R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, 17074 Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Kang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobeom Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Su Kim
- R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, 17074 Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Min
- R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, 17074 Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - EuiDong Son
- R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, 17074 Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joo JI, Choi M, Jang SH, Choi S, Park SM, Shin D, Cho KH. Realizing Cancer Precision Medicine by Integrating Systems Biology and Nanomaterial Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906783. [PMID: 32253807 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical trials for cancer precision medicine have yielded unsatisfactory results due to challenges such as drug resistance and low efficacy. Drug resistance is often caused by the complex compensatory regulation within the biomolecular network in a cancer cell. Recently, systems biological studies have modeled and simulated such complex networks to unravel the hidden mechanisms of drug resistance and identify promising new drug targets or combinatorial or sequential treatments for overcoming resistance to anticancer drugs. However, many of the identified targets or treatments present major difficulties for drug development and clinical application. Nanocarriers represent a path forward for developing therapies with these "undruggable" targets or those that require precise combinatorial or sequential application, for which conventional drug delivery mechanisms are unsuitable. Conversely, a challenge in nanomedicine has been low efficacy due to heterogeneity of cancers in patients. This problem can also be resolved through systems biological approaches by identifying personalized targets for individual patients or promoting the drug responses. Therefore, integration of systems biology and nanomaterial engineering will enable the clinical application of cancer precision medicine to overcome both drug resistance of conventional treatments and low efficacy of nanomedicine due to patient heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Il Joo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Jang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sea Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkwan Shin
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim D, Kim HJ, Jun HS. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Extract Stimulates Melanogenesis by Induction of COX2 Expression through the Activation of p38 MAPK in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7642019. [PMID: 32714420 PMCID: PMC7334760 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7642019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) root extracts have been used for treating graying hair in Oriental medicine; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the melanogenic effects of PM root have not been fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the melanogenic effects of an ethanolic extract of PM root (PME) and the mechanisms involved. We examined the effects of PME on cell viability, cellular melanin content, and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells. The melanogenic mechanism of PME was explored using signaling inhibitors and examining the expression of melanogenic genes and signaling molecules by western blot and RT-qPCR analyses. PME did not exhibit any cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells compared to that in control cells. PME treatment significantly increased melanin production and tyrosinase activity. In addition, PME induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) as well as that of melanogenic genes, such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF), tyrosinase-related protein (Trp) 1, Trp2, and tyrosinase, in B16F10 cells. PME treatment increased the level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and pretreatment with SB 203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, significantly suppressed this PME-induced increase in the expression of COX2 and melanogenic genes. These results indicate that PME induced the expression of melanogenic genes by inducing COX2 expression via the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, thereby contributing to the enhancement of melanogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Albrecht M, Lucarelli P, Kulms D, Sauter T. Computational models of melanoma. Theor Biol Med Model 2020; 17:8. [PMID: 32410672 PMCID: PMC7222475 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-020-00126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes, proteins, or cells influence each other and consequently create patterns, which can be increasingly better observed by experimental biology and medicine. Thereby, descriptive methods of statistics and bioinformatics sharpen and structure our perception. However, additionally considering the interconnectivity between biological elements promises a deeper and more coherent understanding of melanoma. For instance, integrative network-based tools and well-grounded inductive in silico research reveal disease mechanisms, stratify patients, and support treatment individualization. This review gives an overview of different modeling techniques beyond statistics, shows how different strategies align with the respective medical biology, and identifies possible areas of new computational melanoma research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Albrecht
- Systems Biology Group, Life Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belval, 4367 Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Systems Biology Group, Life Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belval, 4367 Luxembourg
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, 01307 Germany
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Systems Biology Group, Life Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belval, 4367 Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Feedback analysis identifies a combination target for overcoming adaptive resistance to targeted cancer therapy. Oncogene 2020; 39:3803-3820. [PMID: 32157217 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drugs aim to treat cancer by directly inhibiting oncogene activity or oncogenic pathways, but drug resistance frequently emerges. Due to the intricate dynamics of cancer signaling networks, which contain complex feedback regulations, cancer cells can rewire these networks to adapt to and counter the cytotoxic effects of a drug, thereby limiting the efficacy of targeted therapies. To identify a combinatorial drug target that can overcome such a limitation, we developed a Boolean network simulation and analysis framework and applied this approach to a large-scale signaling network of colorectal cancer with integrated genomic information. We discovered Src as a critical combination drug target that can overcome the adaptive resistance to the targeted inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by blocking the essential feedback regulation responsible for resistance. The proposed framework is generic and can be widely used to identify drug targets that can overcome adaptive resistance to targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Farag AGA, Hammam MA, Al-Sharaky DR, El-Boghdady GM. Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3: a novel keratinocyte-derived melanogenic cytokine in vitiligo patients. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:434-441. [PMID: 31644616 PMCID: PMC7007044 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-vitro studies showed that Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 (LGI3) is a keratinocyte-derived cytokine that stimulates melanin synthesis and is increased after ultra violet B (UVB) irradiation. So, we postulated that LGI3 may be involved in vitiligo aetiopathogenesis and may participate in narrow band ultra violet B (NB-UVB) induced pigmentation in vitiligo. OBJECTIVES To assess this hypothesis, lesional LGI3 immunohistochemical expression of vitiligo patients before and after NB-UVB phototherapy was studied, and its correlation with repigmentation was evaluated. METHODS Forty vitiligo patients and 20 age, sex, and skin phenotype-matched controls were enrolled. Patients were treated with NB-UVB thrice weekly for 12 weeks. VASI score was evaluated before and after NB-UVB sessions. For vitiligo patients, baseline LGI3 immunohistochemical staining was estimated, and compared to that of controls and to its post-treatment data in those patients. Results: Baseline LGI3 immunohistochemical studied parameters (expression, intensity, percentage and H score) were significantly lower in vitiligo cases than controls (p=0.003, 0.013, 0.001 and 0.001 respectively). After 12 weeks of NB-UVB phototherapy, these LGI3 immunohistochemical parameters were up-regulated and became comparable to that of controls (p >0.05 for all). There was a significant positive correlation between the improvement of both VASI score and LGI3 H score mean values (r=-0.349 , p=0.027). STUDY LIMITATIONS Small number of investigated subjects. CONCLUSIONS Decreased LGI3 protein may play an active role in vitiligo pathogenesis and its up-regulation after NB-UVB phototherapy, may actively participate in NB-UVB photo-induced melanogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Andrology, and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ahmed Hammam
- Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Department of Andrology, and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Ghada Mohamed El-Boghdady
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Andrology, and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park D, Lee HS, Kang JH, Kim SM, Gong JR, Cho KH. Attractor landscape analysis of the cardiac signaling network reveals mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for heart failure. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 10:180-194. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daebeom Park
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Kang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Myeong Kim
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ryeol Gong
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dnyane PA, Puntambekar SS, Gadgil CJ. Method for identification of sensitive nodes in Boolean models of biological networks. IET Syst Biol 2018; 12:1-6. [PMID: 29337284 PMCID: PMC8687266 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2017.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems are often represented as Boolean networks and analysed to identify sensitive nodes which on perturbation disproportionately change a predefined output. There exist different kinds of perturbation methods: perturbation of function, perturbation of state and perturbation in update scheme. Nodes may have defects in interpretation of the inputs from other nodes and calculation of the node output. To simulate these defects and systematically assess their effect on the system output, two new function perturbations, referred to as ‘not of function’ and ‘function of not’, are introduced. In the former, the inputs are assumed to be correctly interpreted but the output of the update rule is perturbed; and in the latter, each input is perturbed but the correct update rule is applied. These and previously used perturbation methods were applied to two existing Boolean models, namely the human melanogenesis signalling network and the fly segment polarity network. Through mathematical simulations, it was found that these methods successfully identified nodes earlier found to be sensitive using other methods, and were also able to identify sensitive nodes which were previously unreported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja A. Dnyane
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical LaboratoryDr. Homi Bhabha RoadPune411 008India
| | - Shraddha S. Puntambekar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical LaboratoryDr. Homi Bhabha RoadPune411 008India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory CampusPune411 008India
| | - Chetan J. Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical LaboratoryDr. Homi Bhabha RoadPune411 008India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory CampusPune411 008India
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew Delhi110 020India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Context-independent essential regulatory interactions for apoptosis and hypertrophy in the cardiac signaling network. Sci Rep 2017; 7:34. [PMID: 28232733 PMCID: PMC5428364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes are the primary causes of heart failure and are known to be regulated by complex interactions in the underlying intracellular signaling network. Previous experimental studies were successful in identifying some key signaling components, but most of the findings were confined to particular experimental conditions corresponding to specific cellular contexts. A question then arises as to whether there might be essential regulatory interactions that prevail across diverse cellular contexts. To address this question, we have constructed a large-scale cardiac signaling network by integrating previous experimental results and developed a mathematical model using normalized ordinary differential equations. Specific cellular contexts were reflected to different kinetic parameters sampled from random distributions. Through extensive computer simulations with various parameter distributions, we revealed the five most essential context-independent regulatory interactions (between: (1) αAR and Gαq, (2) IP3 and calcium, (3) epac and CaMK, (4) JNK and NFAT, and (5) p38 and NFAT) for hypertrophy and apoptosis that were consistently found over all our perturbation analyses. These essential interactions are expected to be the most promising therapeutic targets across a broad spectrum of individual conditions of heart failure patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cho SH, Park SM, Lee HS, Lee HY, Cho KH. Attractor landscape analysis of colorectal tumorigenesis and its reversion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:96. [PMID: 27765040 PMCID: PMC5072344 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations that induce dysfunction of intracellular signaling. However, the underlying mechanism of colorectal tumorigenesis driven by genetic mutations remains yet to be elucidated. Results To investigate colorectal tumorigenesis at a system-level, we have reconstructed a large-scale Boolean network model of the human signaling network by integrating previous experimental results on canonical signaling pathways related to proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Throughout an extensive simulation analysis of the attractor landscape of the signaling network model, we found that the attractor landscape changes its shape by expanding the basin of attractors for abnormal proliferation and metastasis along with the accumulation of driver mutations. A further hypothetical study shows that restoration of a normal phenotype might be possible by reversely controlling the attractor landscape. Interestingly, the targets of approved anti-cancer drugs were highly enriched in the identified molecular targets for the reverse control. Conclusions Our results show that the dynamical analysis of a signaling network based on attractor landscape is useful in acquiring a system-level understanding of tumorigenesis and developing a new therapeutic strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-016-0341-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Yeol Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trehalose, sucrose and raffinose are novel activators of autophagy in human keratinocytes through an mTOR-independent pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28423. [PMID: 27328819 PMCID: PMC4916512 DOI: 10.1038/srep28423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that is found in a diverse range of organisms but not in mammals. Autophagy is a process which mediates the sequestration, lysosomal delivery and degradation of proteins and organelles. Studies have shown that trehalose exerts beneficial effects through inducing autophagy in mammalian cells. However, whether trehalose or other saccharides can activate autophagy in keratinocytes is unknown. Here, we found that trehalose treatment increased the LC3-I to LC3-II conversion, acridine orange-stained vacuoles and GFP-LC3B (LC3B protein tagged with green fluorescent protein) puncta in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line, indicating autophagy induction. Trehalose-induced autophagy was also observed in primary keratinocytes and the A431 epidermal cancer cell line. mTOR signalling was not affected by trehalose treatment, suggesting that trehalose induced autophagy through an mTOR-independent pathway. mTOR-independent autophagy induction was also observed in HaCaT and HeLa cells treated with sucrose or raffinose but not in glucose, maltose or sorbitol treated HaCaT cells, indicating that autophagy induction was not a general property of saccharides. Finally, although trehalose treatment had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, it had a cytoprotective effect on cells exposed to UVB radiation. Our study provides new insight into the saccharide-mediated regulation of autophagy in keratinocytes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cho KH, Joo JI, Shin D, Kim D, Park SM. The reverse control of irreversible biological processes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:366-77. [PMID: 27327189 PMCID: PMC5094504 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most biological processes have been considered to be irreversible for a long time, but some recent studies have shown the possibility of their reversion at a cellular level. How can we then understand the reversion of such biological processes? We introduce a unified conceptual framework based on the attractor landscape, a molecular phase portrait describing the dynamics of a molecular regulatory network, and the phenotype landscape, a map of phenotypes determined by the steady states of particular output molecules in the attractor landscape. In this framework, irreversible processes involve reshaping of the phenotype landscape, and the landscape reshaping causes the irreversibility of processes. We suggest reverse control by network rewiring which changes network dynamics with constant perturbation, resulting in the restoration of the original phenotype landscape. The proposed framework provides a conceptual basis for the reverse control of irreversible biological processes through network rewiring. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:366–377. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1346 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Joo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkwan Shin
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsan Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A Probabilistic Boolean Network Approach for the Analysis of Cancer-Specific Signalling: A Case Study of Deregulated PDGF Signalling in GIST. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156223. [PMID: 27232499 PMCID: PMC4883749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transduction networks are increasingly studied with mathematical modelling approaches while each of them is suited for a particular problem. For the contextualisation and analysis of signalling networks with steady-state protein data, we identified probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) as a promising framework which could capture quantitative changes of molecular changes at steady-state with a minimal parameterisation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In our case study, we successfully applied the PBN approach to model and analyse the deregulated Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) signalling pathway in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST). We experimentally determined a rich and accurate dataset of steady-state profiles of selected downstream kinases of PDGF-receptor-alpha mutants in combination with inhibitor treatments. Applying the tool optPBN, we fitted a literature-derived candidate network model to the training dataset consisting of single perturbation conditions. Model analysis suggested several important crosstalk interactions. The validity of these predictions was further investigated experimentally pointing to relevant ongoing crosstalk from PI3K to MAPK signalling in tumour cells. The refined model was evaluated with a validation dataset comprising multiple perturbation conditions. The model thereby showed excellent performance allowing to quantitatively predict the combinatorial responses from the individual treatment results in this cancer setting. The established optPBN pipeline is also widely applicable to gain a better understanding of other signalling networks at steady-state in a context-specific fashion.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lotti T, Hercogova J, Fabrizi G. Advances in the treatment options for vitiligo: activated low-dose cytokines-based therapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:2485-96. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1087508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|