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Yasu T, Matsumoto Y, Sugita T. Evaluation of in vivo pharmacokinetic study of the anti-cancer drug imatinib using silkworms as an animal model. Drug Discov Ther 2024; 18:245-248. [PMID: 39155085 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Imatinib is an oral molecular targeted therapy that acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Silkworms present a promising experimental model for elucidating the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of various compounds. This study aimed to establish an experimental paradigm for investigating the pharmacokinetics of imatinib in silkworms. A comparative analysis of imatinib pharmacokinetic parameters across silkworms, humans, mice, and rats revealed similarities in time to maximum concentration (Tmax) and apparent clearance values between silkworms and humans. However, differences in elimination half-life (t1/2) and apparent volume of distribution between silkworms and humans remained within 5- and 4-fold ranges, respectively. Importantly, mice demonstrated pharmacokinetic parameters closer to those of humans than rats during imatinib studies. Additionally, silkworms and mice exhibit similar Tmax and t1/2 values. This study highlights the potential of silkworms as valuable tools for investigating imatinib metabolism in pharmacokinetic studies. Furthermore, it underscores the applicability of silkworms in elucidating the pharmacokinetic parameters of various molecular-targeted drugs, thus facilitating advancements in drug development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Yasu
- Department of Medicinal Therapy Research, Education and Research Unit for Comprehensive Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Abdelli N, Peng L, Keping C. Silkworm, Bombyx mori, as an alternative model organism in toxicological research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35048-35054. [PMID: 30374720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silkworms, Bombyx mori, are a promising model animal in health safety and environmental pollution assessment due to their sensitivity to chemical compounds like pesticides, drugs, and heavy metals, in addition to other features like their low cost and body characteristics and their full genome sequencing. In this review, we summarize the silkworm advantages as a model organism in toxicological research. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouara Abdelli
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Lü Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Chen Keping
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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3
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Łoś A, Strachecka A. Fast and Cost-Effective Biochemical Spectrophotometric Analysis of Solution of Insect "Blood" and Body Surface Elution. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1494. [PMID: 29747455 PMCID: PMC5981391 DOI: 10.3390/s18051494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using insect hemolymph ("blood") and insect body surface elutions, researchers can perform rapid and cheap biochemical analyses to determine the insect's immunology status. The authors of this publication describe a detailed methodology for a quick marking of the concentration of total proteins and evaluation of the proteolytic system activity (acid, neutral, and alkaline proteases and protease inhibitors), as well as a methodology for quick "liver" tests in insects: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and urea and glucose concentration analyses. The meaning and examples of an interpretation of the results of the presented methodology for biochemical parameter determination are described for the example of honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Łoś
- Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Strachecka
- Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20950 Lublin, Poland.
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Matsumoto Y, Ishii M, Shimizu K, Kawamoto S, Sekimizu K. [A Silkworm Infection Model to Evaluate Antifungal Drugs for Cryptococcosis]. Med Mycol J 2018; 58:E131-E137. [PMID: 29187715 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.17.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective drugs against fungal diseases involves performing infection experiments in animals to evaluate candidate therapeutic compounds. Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that causes deep mycosis, resulting in respiratory illness and meningitis. Here we describe a silkworm system established to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic drugs against infection by Cryptococcus neoformans and the advantages of this system over other animal models. The silkworm assay system has two major advantages: 1) silkworms are less expensive to rear and their use is less problematic than that of mammals in terms of animal welfare, and 2) in vivo screenings for identifying candidate drugs can be easily performed using a large number of silkworms. The pharmacokinetics of compounds are consistent between silkworms and mammals. Moreover, the ED50 values of antibiotics are concordant between mammalian and silkworm infection models. Furthermore, the body size of silkworms makes them easy to handle in experimental procedures compared with other invertebrate infectious experimental systems, and accurate amounts of pathogens and chemicals can be injected fairly easily. These advantages of silkworms as a host animal make them useful for screening candidate drugs for cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaki Ishii
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology.,Genome Pharmaceuticals Institute Co. Ltd
| | - Kiminori Shimizu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology.,Genome Pharmaceuticals Institute Co. Ltd
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Sudheesh KV, Joseph MM, Philips DS, Samanta A, Kumar Maiti K, Ajayaghosh A. pH-Controlled Nanoparticles Formation and Tracking of Lysosomal Zinc Ions in Cancer Cells by Fluorescent Carbazole-Bipyridine Conjugates. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karivachery V. Sudheesh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Manu M. Joseph
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Divya S. Philips
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Ayappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
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Ishii M, Matsumoto Y, Yamada T, Abe S, Sekimizu K. An invertebrate infection model for evaluating anti-fungal agents against dermatophytosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12289. [PMID: 28947778 PMCID: PMC5612966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of pathogenic infection are needed to evaluate candidate compounds for the development of anti-infectious drugs. Dermatophytes are pathogenic fungi that cause several infectious diseases. We established a silkworm dermatophyte infection model to evaluate anti-fungal drugs. Injection of conidia of the dermatophyte Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii into silkworms was lethal. A. vanbreuseghemii conidia germinated in liquid culture were more potent against silkworms than non-germinated conidia. Germinated conidia of other dermatophytes, Arthroderma benhamiae, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum canis, also killed silkworms. Injection of heat-treated germinated A. vanbreuseghemii conidia did not kill silkworms, suggesting that only viable fungi are virulent. Injecting terbinafine or itraconazole, oral drugs used clinically to treat dermatophytosis, into the silkworm midgut had therapeutic effects against infection with germinated A. vanbreuseghemii conidia. When silkworms were injected with A. vanbreuseghemii expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), mycelial growth of the fungus was observed in the fat body and midgut. Injection of terbinafine into the silkworm midgut, which corresponds to oral administration in humans, inhibited the growth of A. vanbreuseghemii expressing eGFP in the fat body. These findings suggest that the silkworm infection model with eGFP-expressing dermatophytes is useful for evaluating the therapeutic activity of orally administered anti-fungal agents against dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishii
- Genome Pharmaceuticals Institute Co. Ltd., 102 Next Building, 3-24-17 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeru Abe
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Genome Pharmaceuticals Institute Co. Ltd., 102 Next Building, 3-24-17 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan.
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7
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Panthee S, Paudel A, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K. Advantages of the Silkworm As an Animal Model for Developing Novel Antimicrobial Agents. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:373. [PMID: 28326075 PMCID: PMC5339274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for novel antibiotics to combat the global spread of multi drug-resistant pathogens continues to grow. Pathogenic bacteria and fungi that cause fatal human infections can also kill silkworms and the infected silkworms can be cured by the same antibiotics used to treat infections in the clinic. As an invertebrate model, silkworm model is characterized by its convenience, low cost, no ethical issues. The presence of conserved immune response and similar pharmacokinetics compared to mammals make silkworm infection model suitable to examine the therapeutic effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. Based on this, we utilized silkworm bacterial infection model to screen the therapeutic effectiveness of various microbial culture broths and successfully identified a therapeutically effective novel antibiotic, lysocin E, which has a novel mode of action of binding to menaquinone, thus leading to membrane damage and bactericidal activity. The similar approach to screen potential antibiotics resulted in the identification of other therapeutically effective novel antibiotics, such as nosokomycin and ASP2397 (VL-2397). In this regard, we propose that the silkworm antibiotic screening model is very effective for identifying novel antibiotics. In this review, we summarize the advantages of the silkworm model and propose that the utilization of silkworm infection model will facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutically effective antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Panthee
- Institute of Medical Mycology, Teikyo University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atmika Paudel
- Institute of Medical Mycology, Teikyo University Tokyo, Japan
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An in vivo invertebrate evaluation system for identifying substances that suppress sucrose-induced postprandial hyperglycemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26354. [PMID: 27194587 PMCID: PMC4872229 DOI: 10.1038/srep26354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose is a major sweetener added to various foods and beverages. Excessive intake of sucrose leads to increases in blood glucose levels, which can result in the development and exacerbation of lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In this study, we established an in vivo evaluation system using silkworms to explore substances that suppress the increase in blood glucose levels caused by dietary intake of sucrose. Silkworm hemolymph glucose levels rapidly increased after intake of a sucrose-containing diet. Addition of acarbose or voglibose, α-glycosidase inhibitors clinically used for diabetic patients, suppressed the dietary sucrose-induced increase in the silkworm hemolymph glucose levels. Screening performed using the sucrose-induced postprandial hyperglycemic silkworm model allowed us to identify some lactic acid bacteria that inhibit the increase in silkworm hemolymph glucose levels caused by dietary intake of sucrose. The inhibitory effects of the Lactococcus lactis #Ll-1 bacterial strain were significantly greater than those of different strains of lactic acid bacteria. No effect of the Lactococcus lactis #Ll-1 strain was observed in silkworms fed a glucose diet. These results suggest that the sucrose diet-induced postprandial hyperglycemic silkworm is a useful model for evaluating chemicals and lactic acid bacteria that suppress increases in blood glucose levels.
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Matsumoto Y, Sekimizu K. A hyperglycemic silkworm model for evaluating hypoglycemic activity of Rehmanniae Radix, an herbal medicine. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:14-8. [PMID: 26902904 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm shows hyperglycemia after intake of diet containing large amount of glucose. The hyperglycemic silkworm model is useful for evaluation of anti-diabetic drugs. A hot water extract of Rehmanniae Radix, an herbal medicine, showed hypoglycemic effect against the hyperglycemic silkworms. This method is applicable for quick and simple evaluation of the hypoglycemic activities of different batches of Rehmanniae Radix. Our findings suggest that silkworms have a lot of merit as experimental animals for evaluation of various herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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10
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Ishii M, Matsumoto Y, Sekimizu K. Usefulness of silkworm as a host animal for understanding pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:9-13. [PMID: 26902902 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We propose Cryptococcus neoformans infection model using silkworm for understanding cryptococcosis and screening of therapeutically effective antibiotics. Silkworm is an insect whose rearing methods were established through a long history of the sericulture industry. Silkworm facilitates experiments using a large number of individuals because of low cost for rearing and few ethical problems caused by killing animals. Silkworm can be reared at 37˚C to perform infection experiments at same temperature to human body. Injection of accurate amounts of samples into hemolymph of silkworm by usual syringes is easy to be done since silkworm has an appropriate size to handle. Moreover two injection methods, injection into hemolymph and intestine, are distinguishable for silkworms. The former is correspondent to intravenous injection, and the latter is to oral administration in humans. Taking these advantages of silkworms as host animals, it is possible to evaluate the virulence factors in C. neoformans and the therapeutic efficacy of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishii
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Inagaki Y, Matsumoto Y, Sekimizu K. Using silkworms to establish alternative animal models for evaluation of drug-induced tissue injury. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:40-3. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Inagaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Tabassum N, Tai H, Jung DW, Williams DR. Fishing for Nature's Hits: Establishment of the Zebrafish as a Model for Screening Antidiabetic Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:287847. [PMID: 26681965 PMCID: PMC4670909 DOI: 10.1155/2015/287847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide and significantly impacts their quality of life. Moreover, life threatening diseases, such as myocardial infarction, blindness, and renal disorders, increase the morbidity rate associated with diabetes. Various natural products from medicinal plants have shown potential as antidiabetes agents in cell-based screening systems. However, many of these potential "hits" fail in mammalian tests, due to issues such as poor pharmacokinetics and/or toxic side effects. To address this problem, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model has been developed as a "bridge" to provide an experimentally convenient animal-based screening system to identify drug candidates that are active in vivo. In this review, we discuss the application of zebrafish to drug screening technologies for diabetes research. Specifically, the discovery of natural product-based antidiabetes compounds using zebrafish will be described. For example, it has recently been demonstrated that antidiabetic natural compounds can be identified in zebrafish using activity guided fractionation of crude plant extracts. Moreover, the development of fluorescent-tagged glucose bioprobes has allowed the screening of natural product-based modulators of glucose homeostasis in zebrafish. We hope that the discussion of these advances will illustrate the value and simplicity of establishing zebrafish-based assays for antidiabetic compounds in natural products-based laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Tabassum
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmei Tai
- Department of Endocrinology, Yanji Hospital, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R. Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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