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Ma L, Zhou X, Yao S, Zhang X, Mao J, Vona B, Fan L, Lou S, Li D, Wang L, Pan Y. METTL3-dependent m 6A modification of PSEN1 mRNA regulates craniofacial development through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:229. [PMID: 38509077 PMCID: PMC10954657 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Craniofacial malformations, often associated with syndromes, are prevalent birth defects. Emerging evidence underscores the importance of m6A modifications in various bioprocesses such as stem cell differentiation, tissue development, and tumorigenesis. Here, in vivo, experiments with zebrafish models revealed that mettl3-knockdown embryos at 144 h postfertilization exhibited aberrant craniofacial features, including altered mouth opening, jaw dimensions, ethmoid plate, tooth formation and hypoactive behavior. Similarly, low METTL3 expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of BMSCs, HEPM cells, and DPSCs. Loss of METTL3 led to reduced mRNA m6A methylation and PSEN1 expression, impacting craniofacial phenotypes. Co-injection of mettl3 or psen1 mRNA rescued the level of Sox10 fusion protein, promoted voluntary movement, and mitigated abnormal craniofacial phenotypes induced by mettl3 knockdown in zebrafish. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 enhanced the mRNA stability of m6A-modified PSEN1, while decreased METTL3-mediated m6A methylation hindered β-catenin binding to PSEN1, suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Pharmacological activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway partially alleviated the phenotypes of mettl3 morphant and reversed the decreases in cell proliferation and migration induced by METTL3 silencing. This study elucidates the pivotal role of METTL3 in craniofacial development via the METTL3/YTHDF1/PSEN1/β-catenin signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Yao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Mao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liwen Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Lou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Dehesa-Santos A, Faria-Teixeira MC, Iglesias-Linares A. Skeletal Class III phenotype: Link between animal models and human genetics: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024; 342:21-44. [PMID: 38108095 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify evidence from animal studies examining genetic variants underlying maxillomandibular discrepancies resulting in a skeletal Class III (SCIII) malocclusion phenotype. Following the Manual for Evidence Synthesis of the JBI and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, a participant, concept, context question was formulated and systematic searches were executed in the PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Scielo, Open Gray, and Mednar databases. Of the 779 identified studies, 13 met the selection criteria and were included in the data extraction. The SCIII malocclusion phenotype was described as mandibular prognathism in the Danio rerio, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Equus africanus asinus models; and as maxillary deficiency in the Felis silvestris catus, Canis familiaris, Salmo trutta, and Mus musculus models. The identified genetic variants highlight the significance of BMP and TGF-β signaling. Their regulatory pathways and genetic interactions link them to cellular bone regulation events, particularly ossification regulation of postnatal cranial synchondroses. In conclusion, twenty genetic variants associated with the skeletal SCIII malocclusion phenotype were identified in animal models. Their interactions and regulatory pathways corroborate the role of these variants in bone growth, differentiation events, and ossification regulation of postnatal cranial synchondroses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Faria-Teixeira
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- University Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- BIOCRAN, Craniofacial Biology and Orthodontics Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Zhou X, Zhang C, Yao S, Fan L, Ma L, Pan Y. Genetic architecture of non-syndromic skeletal class III malocclusion. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2423-2437. [PMID: 36350305 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion require orthognathic surgery to obtain aesthetic facial appearance and functional occlusion. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and genetic variants of candidate genes play important roles in the etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the genetic factors that affect non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion, including the patterns of inheritance and multiple genetic approaches. We then summarize the functional studies on related loci and genes using cell biology and animal models, which will help to implement individualized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Yao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yao S, Zhou X, Vona B, Fan L, Zhang C, Li D, Yuan H, Du Y, Ma L, Pan Y. Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Is Associated with ADAMTS2 Variants and Reduced Expression in a Familial Case. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810673. [PMID: 36142585 PMCID: PMC9505033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency is a severe maxillofacial disease with unclear pathogenic mechanisms. We recruited a Han Chinese family who was clinically diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion and maxillary deficiency. Using whole exome sequencing, a missense variant in ADAMTS2 (NM_014244: c.3506G>T: p.G1169V) was identified and predicted as deleterious by in silico tools. We also found ADAMTS2 variants associated with deficient maxillary development in a cohort. ADAMTS2 expression in HEK293 cells showed significant decrease due to the variant, which was also consistent in dental pulp stem cells from the proband and a healthy control. In the adamts2-knockdown zebrafish model, the length and width of the ethmoid plate, as well as the length of the palatoquadrate became significantly shorter than the control group (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in the length and width of the mandible. The expression of Sox3, which was required in early embryonic craniofacial development, was significantly downregulated in the adamts2-knockdown zebrafish embryos. Bioinformatic and cellular studies showed that the decreased expression of ADAMTS2 may inhibit downstream ErbB signaling pathway transduction and restrain subsequent osteogenesis in human adult mesenchymal stromal cells. Collectively, these data showed that ADAMTS2 (c.3506G>T: p.G1169V) may confer susceptibility to risk of skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Yao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-86862025 (L.M. & Y.P.); Fax: +86-25-86862823 (L.M. & Y.P.)
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-86862025 (L.M. & Y.P.); Fax: +86-25-86862823 (L.M. & Y.P.)
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Oeschger ES, Kanavakis G, Cocos A, Halazonetis DJ, Gkantidis N. Number of Teeth Is Related to Craniofacial Morphology in Humans. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040544. [PMID: 35453743 PMCID: PMC9029740 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In modern humans, congenital absence of one or more permanent teeth has a prevalence of 22.6% when considering the third molars and of 6.4% when not. Its high prevalence, in conjunction with evolutionary findings pinpointing to a steady reduction in teeth number, raises the question whether the congenital absence of teeth in modern humans is an evolutionary trend rather than an anomaly. Previous studies have shown that modern humans with less teeth also have smaller faces; however, the association between teeth number and craniofacial morphology remains unclear. Here, we show that less teeth are associated with a flatter profile and a decreased facial height. These findings support the claim of a broader relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications, since face reduction comprises also an evolutionary trend in humans. Abstract One of the most common dental anomalies in humans is the congenital absence of teeth, referred to as tooth agenesis. The association of tooth agenesis to craniofacial morphology has been previously investigated but remains unclear. We investigated this association by applying geometric morphometric methods in a large sample of modern humans. In line with previous studies, we report here that a reduced teeth number is linked to a less convex profile, as well as to a shorter face. The effects were similar for males and females; they increased as the severity of the tooth agenesis increased and remained unaltered by the inclusion of third molars and of allometry in the analysis. Furthermore, in cases with tooth agenesis only in the maxilla, there was no detectable effect in mandibular shape, whereas maxillary shape was affected independently of the location of missing teeth. The robustness of the present sample along with the shape analysis and the statistical approach applied, allowed for thorough testing of various contributing factors regarding the presence but also the magnitude of effects. The present findings suggest a relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S. Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB—University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alina Cocos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Demetrios J. Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
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Genes and Pathways Associated with Skeletal Sagittal Malocclusions: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313037. [PMID: 34884839 PMCID: PMC8657482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’s quality of life worldwide. Unfortunately, the growth patterns of skeletal malocclusions and their clinical correction prognoses are difficult to predict largely due to lack of knowledge of their precise etiology. Inspired by the strong inheritance pattern of a specific type of skeletal malocclusion, previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were reanalyzed, resulting in the identification of 19 skeletal class II malocclusion-associated and 53 skeletal class III malocclusion-associated genes. Functional enrichment of these genes created a signal pathway atlas in which most of the genes were associated with bone and cartilage growth and development, as expected, while some were characterized by functions related to skeletal muscle maturation and construction. Interestingly, several genes and enriched pathways are involved in both skeletal class II and III malocclusions, indicating the key regulatory effects of these genes and pathways in craniofacial development. There is no doubt that further investigation is necessary to validate these recognized genes’ and pathways’ specific function(s) related to maxillary and mandibular development. In summary, this systematic review provides initial insight on developing novel gene-based treatment strategies for skeletal malocclusions and paves the path for precision medicine where dental care providers can make an accurate prediction of the craniofacial growth of an individual patient based on his/her genetic profile.
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Fan XY, Qiu LH, Zhang YY, Teng XH, Miao YW. Polymorphism, Molecular Characteristics of Alpha-Lactalbumin (LALBA) Gene in River and Swamp Buffalo. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421070085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Han X, Xiong X, Shi X, Chen F, Li Y. Targeted sequencing of NOTCH signaling pathway genes and association analysis of variants correlated with mandibular prognathism. Head Face Med 2021; 17:17. [PMID: 34039391 PMCID: PMC8152080 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to systematically identify variants in NOTCH signaling pathway genes that correlate with mandibular prognathism (MP) in the general Chinese population. Methods Targeted sequencing of NOTCH signaling pathway genes was conducted in 199 MP individuals and 197 class I malocclusion control individuals. The associations of common and rare variants with MP, cephalometric parameters, and continuous cephalometric phenotypes were analyzed by principal component (PC) analysis. The associations between rare variants and MP were tested for each gene. Results Six SNPs, including rs415929, rs520688, and rs423023 in an exonic region of NOTCH4; rs1044006 in an exonic region of NOTCH3; rs1051415 in an exonic region of JAG1; and rs75236173 in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of NUMB were associated with MP (P < 0.05). One common variant, rs1051415, in an exonic region of JAG1 was significantly related to PC1 (P = 3.608 × 10− 4), which explained 24.3% of the overall phenotypic variation observed and corresponded to the sagittal mandibular position towards the maxilla, ranging from a posterior positioned mandible to an anterior positioned mandible. Additionally, 41 other variants were associated with PC1–5 (P < 0.05). With respect to rare variant analysis, variants within the EP300, NCOR2, and PSEN2 gene showed an association with MP (t < 0 .05). Conclusions An association between NOTCH signaling pathway genes and MP has been identified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13005-021-00268-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhuo Han
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yongming Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Yamaguchi T, Kim YI, Mohamed A, Hikita Y, Takahashi M, Haga S, Park SB, Maki K. Methods in Genetic Analysis for Evaluation Mandibular Shape and Size Variations in Human Mandible. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:e97-e101. [PMID: 33867516 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The human mandible has been investigated from both clinical and evolutionary perspectives. Recent advances in genome science have identified the genetic regulation of human mandibular shape and size. Identification of genes that regulate mandibular shape and size would not only enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of mandibular growth and development but also help define a strategy to prevent mandibular dysplasia. This review provides a comprehensive summary of why and how the mandible was evaluated in the human mandible genome study. The variation in human mandibular shape and size has been progressively clarified, not only by focusing on the mandible alone but also by using extremely diverse approaches. The methods of data acquisition for evaluating human mandibular shape and size variation are well established. Furthermore, this review explains how to proceed with future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Neela PK, Atteeri A, Mamillapalli PK, Sesham VM, Keesara S, Chandra J, Monica U, Mohan V. Genetics of Dentofacial and Orthodontic Abnormalities. Glob Med Genet 2021; 7:95-100. [PMID: 33693441 PMCID: PMC7938796 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of craniofacial complex and dental structures is a complex and delicate process guided by specific genetic mechanisms. Genetic and environmental factors can influence the execution of these mechanisms and result in abnormalities. An insight into the mechanisms and genes involved in the development of orofacial and dental structures has gradually gained by pedigree analysis of families and twin studies as well as experimental studies on vertebrate models. The development of novel treatment techniques depends on in-depth knowledge of the various molecular or cellular processes and genes involved in the development of the orofacial complex. This review article focuses on the role of genes in the development of nonsyndromic orofacial, dentofacial variations, malocclusions, excluding cleft lip palate, and the advancements in the field of molecular genetics and its application to obtain better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Anjana Atteeri
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | | | - Vasu Murthy Sesham
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Sreekanth Keesara
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Jaya Chandra
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Udayini Monica
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Fan XY, Guo WB, Qiu LH, Zhang YY, Miao YW. Polymorphisms, Molecular Characteristics of LGB Gene in River and Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Rao C, Guan B, Luo D, Deng Q, Peng Q, Lin Z, Huang M, Qi M, Zhong B, Lu X. Identification of pathogenic variants of ERLEC1 in individuals with Class III malocclusion by exome sequencing. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1435-1446. [PMID: 32442352 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Class III malocclusion is a common dentofacial deformity. The underlying genetic alteration is largely unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the genetic etiology for Class III malocclusion. A four-generation pedigree of Class III malocclusion was recruited for exome sequencing analyses. The likely causative gene was verified via Sanger sequencing in an additional 90 unrelated sporadic Class III malocclusion patients. We identified a rare heterozygous variant in endoplasmic reticulum lectin 1 (ERLEC1; NM_015701.4(ERLEC1_v001):c.1237C>T, p.(His413Tyr), designated as ERLEC1-m in this article) that cosegregated with the deformity in pedigree members and three additional rare missense heterozygous variants (c.419C>G, p.(Thr140Ser), c.419C>T, p.(Thr140Ile), and c.1448A>G, p.(Asn483Ser)) in 3 of 90 unrelated sporadic subjects. Our results showed that ERLEC1 is highly expressed in mouse jaw osteoblasts and inhibits osteoblast proliferation. ERLEC1-m significantly enhanced this inhibitory effect of osteoblast proliferation. Our results also showed that the proper level of ERLEC1 expression is crucial for proper osteogenic differentiation. The ERLEC1 variant identified in this study is likely a causal mutation of Class III malocclusion. Our study reveals the genetic basis of Class III malocclusion and provides insights into the novel target for clinical management of Class III malocclusion, in addition to orthodontic treatment and orthodontic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbao Rao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
| | - Biyang Guan
- Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
| | - Zitian Lin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
| | - Meihua Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Baimao Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
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13
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Ma X, Zhu M, Mi X, Chen F. Role of FGF23 c.35C>A in Bone Remodeling during Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Xiaohui Mi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
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Vilas R, Ceballos FC, Al-Soufi L, González-García R, Moreno C, Moreno M, Villanueva L, Ruiz L, Mateos J, González D, Ruiz J, Cinza A, Monje F, Álvarez G. Is the "Habsburg jaw" related to inbreeding? Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:553-561. [PMID: 31786955 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1687752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The "Habsburg jaw" has long been associated with inbreeding due to the high prevalence of consanguineous marriages in the Habsburg dynasty. However, it is thought that mandibular prognathism (MP) is under the influence of a dominant major gene.Aim: To investigate the relationship between the "Habsburg jaw" and the pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient (F) as a relative measure of genome homozygosity.Subjects and methods: The degree of MP and maxillary deficiency (MD) of 15 members of the Habsburg dynasty was quantified through the clinical analysis of 18 dysmorphic features diagnosed from 66 portraits.Results: A statistically significant correlation (r = 0.711, p = 0.003) between MP and MD was observed among individuals. Only MP showed a statistically significant positive regression on F as evidenced from univariate analysis (b = 6.36 ± 3.34, p = 0.040) and multivariate analysis (PCA) performed from single dysmorphic features (b = 14.10 ± 6.62, p = 0.027, for the first PC).Conclusion: Both MP and MD are generally involved in the "Habsburg jaw." The results showed a greater sensitivity to inbreeding for the lower third of the face and suggest a positive association between the "Habsburg jaw" and homozygosity and therefore a basically recessive inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Vilas
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco C Ceballos
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Laila Al-Soufi
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raúl González-García
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carlos Moreno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel Moreno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Laura Villanueva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Ruiz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - David González
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jennifer Ruiz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Aitor Cinza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Florencio Monje
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Kajii TS, Oka A, Saito F, Mitsui J, Iida J. Whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese pedigree implicates a rare non-synonymous single-nucleotide variant in BEST3 as a candidate for mandibular prognathism. Bone 2019; 122:193-198. [PMID: 30849546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular prognathism is a phenotype of facial deformity seen in populations around the world, but with higher incidence among East Asian populations. Five genome-wide nonparametric linkage analyses and a genome-wide association study to identify susceptibility loci of the phenotype have shown inconsistent results. To explore variants related to mandibular prognathism, we undertook whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese pedigree. The pedigree was ascertained as mandibular prognathism. The pedigree comprised 15 individuals from 4 generations. Four affected individuals across 2 generations and 5 unaffected individuals were chosen for whole-exome sequencing. Five non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of UBASH3B, OR6M1, OR8D4, OR8B4, and BEST3 genes were detected in all 4 affected individuals, but in none of the 5 unaffected individuals. A non-synonymous SNV of the BEST3 gene, Chr12(GRCh37):g.70048878G>T, NM_032735.2:c.1816C>A, p.(L606I), was identified as rare missense variant. BEST3 is located on chromosome 12q15 and encodes bestrophin 3 from the bestrophin family of anion channels. The 4 other non-synonymous SNVs of UBASH3B, OR6M1, OR8D4, and OR8B4 were not considered plausible candidates for mandibular prognathism. Our whole-exome sequencing implicates a rare non-synonymous SNV of BEST3 as a candidate for mandibular prognathism in the Japanese pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi S Kajii
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Akira Oka
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Fumio Saito
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Junichiro Iida
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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16
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Tu Y, Qu T, Chen F. Mutant hFGF23(A12D) stimulates osteoblast differentiation through FGFR3. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2933-2942. [PMID: 30761743 PMCID: PMC6433671 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a member of the FGF family involved in bone development by interacting with FGFRs. In a previous study, we discovered a mutant human FGF (hFGF) 23 (A12D) in the mandibular prognathism (MP) pedigree. However, the exact role of hFGF23(A12D) during bone formation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the function of hFGF23(A12D) in bone formation. We infected isolated rat calvaria (RC) cells with the recombinant lentivirus containing mutant hFGF23(A12D) and WT hFGF23 respectively. Real‐time PCR, western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that hFGF23(A12D) failed to be secreted. We measured cell growth via the CCK‐8 assay based on Zsgreen expression, detected cell differentiation ability via alkaline phosphatase staining, performed RT‐PCR and found that hFGF23(A12D) inhibited proliferation of RC cells and stimulated the differentiation of RC cells to osteoblasts. Through RNA sequencing, RT‐PCR and western blot, we found increased expression of FGFR3. Through co‐immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence staining, we revealed that hFGF23(A12D) activated the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathway through interactions with the intracellular domain of FGFR3. In summary, we determined the mechanisms of hFGF23(A12D) involved in osteoblast generation and formation which is specifically due to its interaction with FGFR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Tu
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taoran Qu
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Manocha S, Farokhnia N, Khosropanah S, Bertol JW, Santiago J, Fakhouri WD. Systematic review of hormonal and genetic factors involved in the nonsyndromic disorders of the lower jaw. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:162-172. [PMID: 30576023 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular disorders are among the most common birth defects in humans, yet the etiological factors are largely unknown. Most of the neonates affected by mandibular abnormalities have a sequence of secondary anomalies, including airway obstruction and feeding problems, that reduce the quality of life. In the event of lacking corrective surgeries, patients with mandibular congenital disorders suffer from additional lifelong problems such as sleep apnea and temporomandibular disorders, among others. The goal of this systematic review is to gather evidence on hormonal and genetic factors that are involved in signaling pathways and interactions that are potentially associated with the nonsyndromic mandibular disorders. We found that members of FGF and BMP pathways, including FGF8/10, FGFR2/3, BMP2/4/7, BMPR1A, ACVR1, and ACVR2A/B, have a prominent number of gene-gene interactions among all identified genes in this review. Gene ontology of the 154 genes showed that the functional gene sets are involved in all aspects of cellular processes and organogenesis. Some of the genes identified by the genome-wide association studies of common mandibular disorders are involved in skeletal formation and growth retardation based on animal models, suggesting a potential direct role as genetic risk factors in the common complex jaw disorders. Developmental Dynamics 248:162-172, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Manocha
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nadia Farokhnia
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sepideh Khosropanah
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Jessica W Bertol
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joel Santiago
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação (PRPPG), Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Sun R, Wang Y, Jin M, Chen L, Cao Y, Chen F. Identification and Functional Studies of MYO1H for Mandibular Prognathism. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1501-1509. [PMID: 29986156 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518784936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular prognathism (MP) is regarded as a craniofacial deformity resulting from the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors, while the genetically predetermined component is considered to play an important role to develop MP. Although linkage and association studies for MP have identified multiple strongly associated regions and genes, the causal genes and variants responsible for the deformity remain largely undetermined. To address this, we performed targeted sequencing of 396 genes selected from previous studies as well as genes and pathways related with craniofacial development as primary candidates in 199 MP cases and 197 controls and carried out a series of statistical and functional analyses. A nonsynonymous common variant of MYO1H rs3825393, C>T, p.Pro1001Leu, was identified to be significantly associated with MP. During zebrafish embryologic development, expression of MYO1H orthologous genes were detected at mandibular jaw. Furthermore, jaw cartilage defects were observed in zebrafish knockdown models. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MYO1H is required for proper jaw growth and contributes to MP pathogenesis, expanding our knowledge of the genetic basis of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sun
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Jin
- 3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Chen
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Cao
- 3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - F Chen
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Mandibular prognathism is defined as an abnormal forward projection of the mandible beyond the standard relation to the cranial base and it is usually categorized as both a skeletal Class III pattern and Angle Class III malocclusion. The etiology of mandibular prognathism is still uncertain, with various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors possibly involved. However, many reports on its coexistence in both twins and segregation in families suggest the importance of genetic influences. A multifactorial and polygenic background with a threshold for expression or an autosomal dominant mode with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are the most probable inheritance patterns. Linkage analyses have, thus far, shown the statistical significance of such loci as 1p22.1, 1p22.3, 1p32.2, 1p36, 3q26.2, 4p16.1, 6q25, 11q22, 12pter-p12.3, 12q13.13, 12q23, 12q24.11, 14q24.3 to 31.2, and 19p13.2. The following appear among candidate genes: MATN1, EPB41, growth hormone receptor, COL2A1, COL1A1, MYO1H, DUSP6, ARHGAP21, ADAMTS1, FGF23, FGFR2, TBX5, ALPL, HSPG2, EVC, EVC2, the HoxC gene cluster, insulin-like growth factor 1, PLXNA2, SSX2IP, TGFB3, LTBP2, MMP13/CLG3, KRT7, and FBN3. On the other hand, MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, MYH7, MYH8, FOXO3, NFATC1, PTGS2, KAT6B, HDAC4, and RUNX2 expression is suspected to be involved in the epigenetic regulations behind the mandibular prognathism phenotype.
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20
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Hartsfield JK, Jacob GJ, Morford LA. Heredity, Genetics and Orthodontics - How Much Has This Research Really Helped? Semin Orthod 2017; 23:336-347. [PMID: 29290679 DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the genetic factors that correlate with a clinical deviation of previously unknown etiology helps to diminish the unknown variation influencing the phenotype. Clinical studies, particularly those that consider the effects of an appliance or treatment regimen on growth, need to be a part of these types of genetic investigations in the future. While the day-to-day utilization of "testing" for genetic factors is not ready for practice yet, genetic testing for monogenic traits such as Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) and Class III malocclusion is showing more promise as knowledge and technology advances. Although the heterogeneous complexity of such things as facial and dental development, the physiology of tooth movement, and the occurrence of External Apical Root Resorption (EARR) make their precise prediction untenable, investigations into the genetic factors that influence different phenotypes, and how these factors may relate to or impact environmental factors (including orthodontic treatment) are becoming better understood. The most important "genetic test" the practitioner can do today is to gather the patient's individual and family history. This would greatly benefit the patient, and augment the usefulness of these families in future clinical research in which clinical findings, environmental, and genetic factors can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Hartsfield
- E. Preston Hicks Professor of Orthodontics and Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics Core
| | - George Jeryn Jacob
- Craniofacial Genetics Fellow, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics Core
| | - Lorri Ann Morford
- Research Assistant Professor, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics CoreThe University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky USA 40536-0297
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21
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Saito F, Kajii TS, Oka A, Ikuno K, Iida J. Genome-wide association study for mandibular prognathism using microsatellite and pooled DNA method. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:382-388. [PMID: 28863919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to extend an association study from chromosome 1 to the whole genome (genome-wide association study) to find susceptibility loci of mandibular prognathism. METHODS Two hundred forty patients diagnosed with mandibular prognathism and 360 healthy controls of Japanese descent were recruited. The typing of microsatellites covering the whole genome was conducted using a pooled DNA method. Upon completion of the first and second screenings with pooled DNA, the positive microsatellite markers from both the first and second typings were retyped using individual-subject DNA samples to confirm the significance of allele frequency. RESULTS Six microsatellites (D1S0411i, D1S1358i, D3S0810i, D6S0827i, D7S0133i, and D15S0154i) showed differences between allele frequencies of the subjects and controls at P <0.001. D1S0411i, D1S1358i, D3S0810i, D6S0827i, D7S0133i, and D15S0154i were located on chromosomes 1p22.3, 1q32.2, 3q23, 6q23.2, 7q11.22, and 15q22.22, respectively. SSX2IP, PLXNA2, RASA2, TCF21, CALN1, and RORA were suggested as candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS The genome-wide association study using microsatellites suggested that 6 loci (1p22.3, 1q32.2, 3q23, 6q23.2, 7q11.22, and 15q22.22) were susceptibility regions of mandibular prognathism. The locus 1p22.3 was supported by a previous linkage analysis, and the other 5 were novel loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Saito
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi S Kajii
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Akira Oka
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ikuno
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Iida
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Gupta P, Chaturvedi TP, Sharma V. Expressional Analysis of MSX1 (Human) Revealed its Role in Sagittal Jaw Relationship. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC71-ZC77. [PMID: 28969278 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26755.10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal skeletal jaw relationships is an important factor causing difficulty in speech, mastication, sleep and social interaction, thus affect the overall well being of an individual. AIM The present study was an attempt to decipher the role of human MSX1 in terms of sagittal jaw relationship by employing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-eight case subjects belonging to North India with skeletal Class II and Class III jaw relationships were selected. Further, thirty-five control subjects of the same region having Class I skeletal and dental relationships (normal Jaw relationships) with good alignment of all teeth were enrolled. MSX1 gene sequencing was performed using the subjects' blood samples. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to find Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP's). Nine SNP's were obtained of which seven were reported and two novels. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi square test to compare genotype differences between case and control groups. RESULTS SNP rs186861426 was found to be significantly associated in Class I subjects (p-value=0.02). The sequencing results suggested that individuals having changes from G (guanosine) with A (adenine) genotype had approximately seven times low risk for developing Class II division 1 malocclusion as compared to those alleles having GG genotype and therefore, allele 'A' position on chromosome 4 (rs186861426) seems to have a protective role. CONCLUSION The study unfolds an important relationship between MSX1 gene and Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I normal skeletal relationships. The study tried to interpret the role of human MSX1 and extend the gene pool responsible for the skeletal anomalies related to development of abnormal upper and lower jaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Gupta
- Senior Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Thakur Prasad Chaturvedi
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipul Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Costa AMG, Trevizan M, Matsumoto MAN, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Horta KC, Romano FL, Nelson-Filho P, Küchler EC. Association between Tooth Agenesis and Skeletal Malocclusions. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2017; 8:e3. [PMID: 28791079 PMCID: PMC5541988 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2017.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between tooth agenesis and skeletal malocclusions in Brazilian non-syndromic orthodontic patients. Material and Methods Pretreatment orthodontic records of 348 patients of both genders and with various skeletal malocclusions were examined. Tooth agenesis was evaluated in panoramic radiographs. Angular measurements were taken from lateral cephalometric radiographs to classify the patient’s malocclusion as skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, “with tooth agenesis” and “without tooth agenesis”. Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical data. ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test was used for means comparisons. An alpha of 5% was established. Results From 348 analysed patients, 28 presented tooth agenesis. There was no difference between genders (P = 0.27) nor mean age (P = 0.16). The most prevalent skeletal malocclusion was Class I (63.11%), followed by Class II (25.94%), and Class III (10.95%). The mean of congenitally missing teeth was 1.3 (SD 0.13). Thirteen subjects had premolar agenesis, 13 upper lateral incisor agenesis, 4 lower incisor agenesis and 2 molars agenesis. The group with tooth agenesis presented A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angle smaller (1.66 [SD 2.52]) than the group without tooth agenesis (2.86 [SD 2.49]) (P = 0.01). ANB angle had a negative correlation with the number of congenitally missing teeth (P = 0.039; r = -0.39). Conclusions Tooth agenesis is associated with a smaller A point-nasion-B point angle and is negatively correlated with the number of congenitally missing teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Guerra Costa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Mariana Trevizan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Karla Carpio Horta
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Fabio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
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Xiong X, Li S, Cai Y, Chen F. Targeted sequencing in FGF/FGFR genes and association analysis of variants for mandibular prognathism. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7240. [PMID: 28640125 PMCID: PMC5484233 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify variants of the genes in fibroblast growth factors/fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGF/FGFR) signal pathway that predispose to mandibular prognathism (MP) in the general Chinese population systematically.Targeted sequencing of the FGF/FGFR genes was conducted in 176 MP individuals and 155 class I malocclusion controls. The associations of common and rare variants with MP as a categorical phenotype and also continuous malocclusion phenotypes generated by principal component (PC) analysis were analyzed.One common variant, rs372127537, located in the 3'-untranslated region of FGF7 gene, was significantly related to PC1 (P = 4.22 × 10), which explained 23.23% of the overall phenotypic variation observed and corresponded to vertical discrepancies ranging from short anterior face height to long anterior face height, after Bonferroni correction. Also, 15 other variants were associated with PC1-4, although not significant after multiple corrections (P < .05). We also identified 3 variants: rs13317 in FGFR1, rs149242678 in FGF20, and rs79176051 FGF12 associated with MP (P < .05). With respect to rare variant analysis, variants within the FGF12 gene showed significant association with MP (P = .001).Association between FGF/FGFR signaling pathway and MP has been identified. We found a previously unreported SNP in FGF7 significantly related to increased facial height. Also, rare variants within the FGF12 were associated with MP. Our results provide new clues for genetic mechanisms of MP and shed light on strategies for evaluating rare variants that underlie complex traits. Future studies with larger sample sizes and more comprehensive genome coverage, and also in other population are required to replicate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Shuyuan Li
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
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Pucciarelli V, Bertoli S, Codari M, De Amicis R, De Giorgis V, Battezzati A, Veggiotti P, Sforza C. The face of Glut1-DS patients. Clin Anat 2017; 30:644-652. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pucciarelli
- LAFAS, Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti; la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Marina Codari
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato; San Donato Milanese Milan Italy
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti; la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Valentina De Giorgis
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry; C. Mondino National Neurological Institute; Pavia Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti; la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry; C. Mondino National Neurological Institute; Pavia Italy
- Brain and Behaviour Department; University of Pavia; Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- LAFAS, Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
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Weaver CA, Miller SF, da Fontoura CSG, Wehby GL, Amendt BA, Holton NE, Allareddy V, Southard TE, Moreno Uribe LM. Candidate gene analyses of 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypes in subjects with malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:539-558. [PMID: 28257739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic studies of malocclusion etiology have identified 4 deleterious mutations in genes DUSP6,ARHGAP21, FGF23, and ADAMTS1 in familial Class III cases. Although these variants may have large impacts on Class III phenotypic expression, their low frequency (<1%) makes them unlikely to explain most malocclusions. Thus, much of the genetic variation underlying the dentofacial phenotypic variation associated with malocclusion remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated associations between common genetic variations in craniofacial candidate genes and 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypes in patients with malocclusion. METHODS Pretreatment dental casts or cone-beam computed tomographic images from 300 healthy subjects were digitized with 48 landmarks. The 3-dimensional coordinate data were submitted to a geometric morphometric approach along with principal component analysis to generate continuous phenotypes including symmetric and asymmetric components of dentoalveolar shape variation, fluctuating asymmetry, and size. The subjects were genotyped for 222 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 82 genes/loci, and phenotpye-genotype associations were tested via multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Principal component analysis of symmetric variation identified 4 components that explained 68% of the total variance and depicted anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse dentoalveolar discrepancies. Suggestive associations (P < 0.05) were identified with PITX2, SNAI3, 11q22.2-q22.3, 4p16.1, ISL1, and FGF8. Principal component analysis for asymmetric variations identified 4 components that explained 51% of the total variations and captured left-to-right discrepancies resulting in midline deviations, unilateral crossbites, and ectopic eruptions. Suggestive associations were found with TBX1AJUBA, SNAI3SATB2, TP63, and 1p22.1. Fluctuating asymmetry was associated with BMP3 and LATS1. Associations for SATB2 and BMP3 with asymmetric variations remained significant after the Bonferroni correction (P <0.00022). Suggestive associations were found for centroid size, a proxy for dentoalveolar size variation with 4p16.1 and SNAI1. CONCLUSIONS Specific genetic pathways associated with 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypic variation in malocclusions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven F Miller
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Ill; Department of Dental Medicine, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Ill
| | - Clarissa S G da Fontoura
- The Iowa Institute for Oral and Craniofacial Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nathan E Holton
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Veeratrishul Allareddy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas E Southard
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral and Craniofacial Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Babbucci M, Ferraresso S, Pauletto M, Franch R, Papetti C, Patarnello T, Carnier P, Bargelloni L. An integrated genomic approach for the study of mandibular prognathism in the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sci Rep 2016; 6:38673. [PMID: 27929136 PMCID: PMC5144136 DOI: 10.1038/srep38673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal anomalies in farmed fish are a relevant issue affecting animal welfare and health and causing significant economic losses. Here, a high-density genetic map of European seabass for QTL mapping of jaw deformity was constructed and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out on a total of 298 juveniles, 148 of which belonged to four full-sib families. Out of 298 fish, 107 were affected by mandibular prognathism (MP). Three significant QTLs and two candidate SNPs associated with MP were identified. The two GWAS candidate markers were located on ChrX and Chr17, both in close proximity with the peaks of the two most significant QTLs. Notably, the SNP marker on Chr17 was positioned within the Sobp gene coding region, which plays a pivotal role in craniofacial development. The analysis of differentially expressed genes in jaw-deformed animals highlighted the “nervous system development” as a crucial pathway in MP. In particular, Zic2, a key gene for craniofacial morphogenesis in model species, was significantly down-regulated in MP-affected animals. Gene expression data revealed also a significant down-regulation of Sobp in deformed larvae. Our analyses, integrating transcriptomic and GWA methods, provide evidence for putative mechanisms underlying seabass jaw deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Rafaella Franch
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Papetti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Carnier
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Classification and characterization of class III malocclusion in Chinese individuals. Head Face Med 2016; 12:31. [PMID: 27821165 PMCID: PMC5100215 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-016-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class III malocclusion is a maxillofacial disorder that is characterised by a concave profile and can be attributed to both genetic inheritance and environmental factors. It is a clinical challenge due to our limited understanding of its aetiology. Revealing its prototypical diversity will contribute to our sequential exploration of the underlying aetiological information. The objective of this study was to characterize phenotypic variations of Class III malocclusion via a lateral cephalometric analysis in a community of Chinese individuals. METHOD One-hundred-and-forty-four individuals (58 males ≥18 and 86 females ≥16) with Class III malocclusion ranging from mild to severe were enrolled in this study. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed using 61 lateral cephalometric measurements. RESULTS Six principal components were discovered in the examined population and were responsible for 73.7 % of the variability. Four subtypes were revealed by cluster analysis. Subtype 1 included subjects with mild mandibular prognathism with a steep mandibular plane. Subjects in subtype 2 showed a combination of prognathic mandibular and retrusive maxillary with a flat or normal mandibular plane. Subtype 3 included individuals with purely severe mandibular prognathism and a normal mandibular plane. Individuals in subtype 4 had a mild maxillary deficiency and severe mandibular prognathism with the lowest mandibular plane angle. CONCLUSION The six principal components extracted among the 61 variables improve our knowledge of lateral cephalometric analysis for diagnoses. We successfully identified four Class III malocclusion subtypes, indicating that cluster analysis could supplement the classification of Class III malocclusion among a Chinese population and may assist in our on-going genetic study.
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