1
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Jackmann N, Englund S, Frisk P, Mäkitie O, Utriainen P, Mörtberg A, Henriques-Normark B, Pütsep K, Harila-Saari A. The human cathelicidin hCAP-18 in serum of children with haemato-oncological diseases. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:1023-1031. [PMID: 35849644 PMCID: PMC9543647 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human cathelicidin hCAP‐18 (pro‐LL‐37) is the pro‐protein of the antimicrobial peptide LL‐37. hCAP‐18 can be produced by many different cell types; bone marrow neutrophil precursors are the main source of hCAP‐18 in the circulation. Neutrophil count is used as a marker for myelopoiesis but does not always reflect neutrophil production in the bone marrow, and thus additional markers are needed. In this study, we established the reference interval of serum hCAP‐18 level in healthy children and compared serum hCAP‐18 levels between different diagnostic groups of children with haemato‐oncological diseases, at diagnosis. We found that children with diseases that impair myelopoiesis, such as acute leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome, presented with low hCAP‐18 levels, whereas patients with non‐haematological malignancies displayed serum hCAP‐18 levels in the same range as healthy children. Children with chronic myeloid leukaemia presented with high circulating levels of hCAP‐18, probably reflecting the high number of all differentiation stages of myeloid cells. We suggest that analysis of serum hCAP‐18 provides additional information regarding myelopoiesis in children with haemato‐oncological diseases, which may have future implications in assessment of myelopoiesis in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja Jackmann
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Englund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Frisk
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Utriainen
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anette Mörtberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arja Harila-Saari
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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A Novel CEBPE Variant Causes Severe Infections and Profound Neutropenia. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1434-1450. [PMID: 35726044 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare inborn error of immunity resulting from loss-of-function variants in CEBPE gene (encoding for transcription factor C/EBPε). Although this genetic etiology has been known for over two decades, only a few patients with CEBPE variant-proven SGD (type I) have been reported. Herein, we describe two siblings with a novel homozygous CEBPE deletion who were noted to have profound neutropenia on initial evaluation. We aimed to evaluate the immunohematological consequences of this novel variant, including profound neutropenia. METHODS Light scatter characteristics of granulocytes were examined on various automated hematology analyzers. Phagocyte immunophenotype, reactive oxygen species generation, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling were assessed using flow cytometry. Relative expression of genes encoding various granule proteins was studied using RT-PCR. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore variant C/EBPε expression and function. RESULTS Severe infections occurred in both siblings. Analysis of granulocyte light scatter plots revealed automated hematology analyzers can provide anomalously low neutrophil counts due to abnormal neutrophil morphology. Neutrophils displayed absence/marked reduction of CD15/CD16 expression and overexpression (in a subset) of CD14/CD64. Three distinct populations of phagocytes with different oxidase activities were observed. Impaired shedding of CD62-ligand was noted on stimulation with TLR-4, TLR-2/6, and TLR-7/8 agonists. We demonstrated the variant C/EBPε to be functionally deficient. CONCLUSION Homozygous c.655_665del variant in CEBPE causes SGD. Anomalous automated neutrophil counts may be reported in patients with SGD type I. Aberrant TLR signaling might be an additional pathogenetic mechanism underlying immunodeficiency in SGD type I.
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3
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Razavi A, Jafarpour H, Khosravi MR, Abbasi G, Dabbaghzadeh A. A VPS13B mutation in Cohen syndrome presented with petechiae: An unusual presentation. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04492. [PMID: 34322253 PMCID: PMC8301562 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. CS includes a range of clinical symptoms including retinal dystrophy and myopia. The new VPS13B mutation could cause CS-induced neutropenia and petechiae in patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Razavi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Hamed Jafarpour
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mohammad reza Khosravi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Ghazal Abbasi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Abbas Dabbaghzadeh
- Department of PediatricsSchool of MedicineBu Ali Sina HospitalMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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4
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Mörtberg A, Pütsep K, Höglund P. The blood protein hCAP-18 in neutropenia: An 18-month experience of a new ELISA for clinical use. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13037. [PMID: 33662157 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutropenia as an isolated clinical finding may include aetiologies ranging from severe disease to a transient condition, and differential diagnosis may be challenging. Previous data and clinical experience suggest that low levels of the neutrophil-derived protein human 18 kDa cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP-18) in the blood are predictive of more severe forms of neutropenia. The objective of this study was to present the results from a newly developed ELISA method that has been used in clinical routine in Sweden since 2018 for quantification of hCAP-18 in blood plasma. Using this method, we report that patients with severe disease analysed during the study period presented with low or undetectable levels of blood plasma hCAP-18, validating its use as screening tool for severe neutropenia. Furthermore, neutropenic patients as a group displayed lower levels of hCAP-18 as compared to blood donors. Within the group of neutropenic patients, those with neutrophil antibodies displayed significantly higher hCAP-18 levels compared to patients with idiopathic neutropenia. By including an analysis of hCAP-18 in the primary investigation of neutropenia, an increased accuracy in differential diagnosis is achieved, thus contributing to reduced costs of neutropenia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Mörtberg
- Medical Unit Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Medical Unit Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Grabowski P, Hesse S, Hollizeck S, Rohlfs M, Behrends U, Sherkat R, Tamary H, Ünal E, Somech R, Patıroğlu T, Canzar S, van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Klein C, Rappsilber J. Proteome Analysis of Human Neutrophil Granulocytes From Patients With Monogenic Disease Using Data-independent Acquisition. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:760-772. [PMID: 30630937 PMCID: PMC6442368 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are critical mediators of innate immunity and tissue regeneration. Rare diseases of neutrophil granulocytes may affect their differentiation and/or functions. However, there are very few validated diagnostic tests assessing the functions of neutrophil granulocytes in these diseases. Here, we set out to probe omics analysis as a novel diagnostic platform for patients with defective differentiation and function of neutrophil granulocytes. We analyzed highly purified neutrophil granulocytes from 68 healthy individuals and 16 patients with rare monogenic diseases. Cells were isolated from fresh venous blood (purity >99%) and used to create a spectral library covering almost 8000 proteins using strong cation exchange fractionation. Patient neutrophil samples were then analyzed by data-independent acquisition proteomics, quantifying 4154 proteins in each sample. Neutrophils with mutations in the neutrophil elastase gene ELANE showed large proteome changes that suggest these mutations may affect maturation of neutrophil granulocytes and initiate misfolded protein response and cellular stress mechanisms. In contrast, only few proteins changed in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Strikingly, neutrophil transcriptome analysis showed no correlation with its proteome. In case of two patients with undetermined genetic causes, proteome analysis guided the targeted genetic diagnostics and uncovered the underlying genomic mutations. Data-independent acquisition proteomics may help to define novel pathomechanisms in neutrophil diseases and provide a clinically useful diagnostic dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Grabowski
- From the ‡Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hesse
- §Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hollizeck
- §Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- §Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Behrends
- ‖Children's Hospital, Hematology-Oncology, Technical University Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hannah Tamary
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ekrem Ünal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Raz Somech
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Türkan Patıroğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Stefan Canzar
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Klein
- §Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;.
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- From the ‡Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany;; ¶Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK;.
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6
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Uysal P, Simsek G, Durmus S, Sozer V, Aksan H, Yurt S, Cuhadaroglu C, Kosar F, Gelisgen R, Uzun H. Evaluation of plasma antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and nuclear factor-kappaB levels in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:321-330. [PMID: 30774329 PMCID: PMC6354692 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s185602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides are effectors of host defence against infection and inflammation and can encourage wound repair. Objectives The objectives of this study were to investigate the plasma antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) levels in patients with stable COPD compared with a control group and to highlight their importance in immune inflammation. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight stable COPD patients and 33 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The COPD patients were classified into four groups based on FEV1 (groups I-IV) and also divided into "low-risk and high-risk" groups (groups A-B [low risk], C-D [high risk]). Results Plasma LL-37 levels were significantly lower while plasma NF-κB levels of the COPD patients were significantly higher than those of the control subjects (P<0.001, both). LL-37 levels were significantly lower in group IV than in groups I, II, and III (P<0.01, all). NF-κB levels were significantly higher in groups III and IV than in groups I and II (P<0.05, both). There was a positive correlation between FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in all COPD patients (r=0.742, P<0.001) and in group D (r=0.741, P<0.001). Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between LL-37 and NF-κB in both the groups C (r=-0.566, P<0.001) and D (r=-0.694, P<0.001) and group C+D combined (r=-0.593, P<0.001). Furthermore, in group C, LL-37 and FEV1 were positively correlated (r=0.633, P<0.001). Conclusion Our study indicated that plasma LL-37 and NF-κB may play an important role in chronic immune inflammation. Decreased LL-37 levels may be particularly high risk for patients in stage IV disease. The role of LL-37 as a target for treatment of the immune system and COPD must be widely evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Uysal
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Atakent Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Simsek
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - Volkan Sozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Aksan
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, I˙stanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Yurt
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, I˙stanbul, Turkey
| | - Caglar Cuhadaroglu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Atakent Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kosar
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, I˙stanbul, Turkey
| | - Remise Gelisgen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey,
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7
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Lüthje P, Walker S, Kamolvit W, Mohanty S, Pütsep K, Brauner A. Statins influence epithelial expression of the anti-microbial peptide LL-37/hCAP-18 independently of the mevalonate pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:265-276. [PMID: 30216432 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial resistance increases among bacterial pathogens and new therapeutic avenues needs to be explored. Boosting innate immune mechanisms could be one attractive alternative in the defence against infectious diseases. The cholesterol-lowering drugs, statins, have been demonstrated to also affect the immune system. Here we investigate the effect of statins on the expression of the human cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide (CAMP) LL-37/hCAP-18 [encoded by the CAMP gene] and explore the underlying mechanisms in four epithelial cell lines of different origin. Simvastatin induced CAMP expression in bladder epithelial cells telomerase-immortalized uroepithelial cells (TERT-NHUCs), intestinal cells HT-29 and keratinocytes HEKa, but not in airway epithelial cells A549. Gene induction in HEKa cells was reversible by mevalonate, while this effect was independent of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in TERT-NHUCs. Instead, inhibition of histone deacetylases by simvastatin seems to be involved. For HT-29 cells, both mechanisms may contribute. In addition, simvastatin increased transcription of the vitamin D-activating enzyme CYP27B1 which, in turn, may activate LL-37/hCAP-18 production. Taken together, simvastatin is able to promote the expression of LL-37/hCAP-18, but cell line-specific differences in efficacy and the involved signalling pathways exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lüthje
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Walker
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Kamolvit
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Keszei M, Record J, Kritikou JS, Wurzer H, Geyer C, Thiemann M, Drescher P, Brauner H, Köcher L, James J, He M, Baptista MA, Dahlberg CI, Biswas A, Lain S, Lane DP, Song W, Pütsep K, Vandenberghe P, Snapper SB, Westerberg LS. Constitutive activation of WASp in X-linked neutropenia renders neutrophils hyperactive. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4115-4131. [PMID: 30124469 PMCID: PMC6118594 DOI: 10.1172/jci64772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital neutropenia is characterized by low absolute neutrophil numbers in blood, leading to recurrent bacterial infections, and patients often require life-long granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) support. X-linked neutropenia (XLN) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). To understand the pathophysiology in XLN and the role of WASp in neutrophils, we here examined XLN patients and 2 XLN mouse models. XLN patients had reduced myelopoiesis and extremely low blood neutrophil number. However, their neutrophils had a hyperactive phenotype and were present in normal numbers in XLN patient saliva. Murine XLN neutrophils were hyperactivated, with increased actin dynamics and migration into tissues. We provide molecular evidence that the hyperactivity of XLN neutrophils is caused by WASp in a constitutively open conformation due to contingent phosphorylation of the critical tyrosine-293 and plasma membrane localization. This renders WASp activity less dependent on regulation by PI3K. Our data show that the amplitude of WASp activity inside a cell could be enhanced by cell-surface receptor signaling even in the context in which WASp is already in an active conformation. Moreover, these data categorize XLN as an atypical congenital neutropenia in which constitutive activation of WASp in tissue neutrophils compensates for reduced myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna S. Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Wurzer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Geyer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike Thiemann
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Drescher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Köcher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaime James
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marisa A.P. Baptista
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carin I.M. Dahlberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Gastroenterology Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonia Lain
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Vandenberghe
- Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven and Hematology/Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Patel S, Akhtar N. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): The quintessential 'offense and defense' molecules are more than antimicrobials. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1276-1283. [PMID: 28938518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are cationic amphiphilic molecules with α-helix or β-sheet linear motifs and linear or cyclic configurations. For their role in 'defense and offense', they are present in all living organisms. AMPs are named so, as they inhibit a wide array of microbes by membrane pore formation and subsequent perturbation of mitochondrial membrane ionic balance. However, their functional repertoire is expanding with validated roles in cytotoxicity, wound healing, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and chemotaxis [1]. A number of endogenous AMPs have been characterized in human body such as defensins, cathelicidins, histatins etc. They mediate critical functions, but when homeostasis is broken, they turn hostile and initiate inflammatory diseases. This review discusses the sources of therapeutic AMPs; auto-immunity risks of endogenous AMPs, and their dermatological applications; normally overlooked risks of the peptides; and scopes ahead. This holistic work is expected to be a valuable reference for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA.
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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10
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Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenias are a heterogeneous group of rare haematological diseases characterized by impaired maturation of neutrophil granulocytes. Patients with severe congenital neutropenia are prone to recurrent, often life-threatening infections beginning in their first months of life. The most frequent pathogenic defects are autosomal dominant mutations in ELANE, which encodes neutrophil elastase, and autosomal recessive mutations in HAX1, whose product contributes to the activation of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) signalling pathway. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these conditions are the object of extensive research and are not fully understood. Furthermore, severe congenital neutropenias may predispose to myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukaemia. Molecular events in the malignant progression include acquired mutations in CSF3R (encoding G-CSF receptor) and subsequently in other leukaemia-associated genes (such as RUNX1) in a majority of patients. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, blood neutrophil count, bone marrow examination and genetic and immunological analyses. Daily subcutaneous G-CSF administration is the treatment of choice and leads to a substantial increase in blood neutrophil count, reduction of infections and drastic improvement of quality of life. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the alternative treatment. Regular clinical assessments (including yearly bone marrow examinations) to monitor treatment course and detect chromosomal abnormalities (for example, monosomy 7 and trisomy 21) as well as somatic pre-leukaemic mutations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Skokowa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David C Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Zeidler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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11
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Xie S, Spelmink L, Codemo M, Subramanian K, Pütsep K, Henriques-Normark B, Olliver M. Cinobufagin Modulates Human Innate Immune Responses and Triggers Antibacterial Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160734. [PMID: 27529866 PMCID: PMC4986986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine Chan-Su is widely used for treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, but also as a remedy for infections such as furunculosis, tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis. The clinical use of Chan-Su suggests that it has anti-infective effects, however, the mechanism of action is incompletely understood. In particular, the effect on the human immune system is poorly defined. Here, we describe previously unrecognized immunomodulatory activities of cinobufagin (CBG), a major bioactive component of Chan-Su. Using human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), we show that LPS-induced maturation and production of a number of cytokines was potently inhibited by CBG, which also had a pro-apoptotic effect, associated with activation of caspase-3. Interestingly, CBG triggered caspase-1 activation and significantly enhanced IL-1β production in LPS-stimulated cells. Finally, we demonstrate that CBG upregulates gene expression of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hBD-2 and hBD-3 in DCs, and induces secretion of HNP1-3 and hCAP-18/LL-37 from neutrophils, potentiating neutrophil antibacterial activity. Taken together, our data indicate that CBG modulates the inflammatory phenotype of DCs in response to LPS, and triggers an antibacterial innate immune response, thus proposing possible mechanisms for the clinical effects of Chan-Su in anti-infective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Laura Spelmink
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mario Codemo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karthik Subramanian
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Olliver
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Pedersen CC, Borup R, Fischer-Nielsen A, Mora-Jensen H, Fossum A, Cowland JB, Borregaard N. Changes in Gene Expression during G-CSF-Induced Emergency Granulopoiesis in Humans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1989-99. [PMID: 27481851 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis refers to the increased production of neutrophils in bone marrow and their release into circulation induced by severe infection. Several studies point to a critical role for G-CSF as the main mediator of emergency granulopoiesis. However, the consequences of G-CSF stimulation on the transcriptome of neutrophils and their precursors have not yet been investigated in humans. In this work, we examine the changes in mRNA expression induced by administration of G-CSF in vivo, as a model of emergency granulopoiesis in humans. Blood samples were collected from healthy individuals after 5 d of G-CSF administration. Neutrophil precursors were sorted into discrete stages of maturation by flow cytometry, and RNA was subjected to microarray analysis. mRNA levels were compared with previously published expression levels in corresponding populations of neutrophil precursors isolated from bone marrow of untreated, healthy individuals. One thousand one hundred and ten mRNAs were differentially expressed >2-fold throughout terminal granulopoiesis. Major changes were seen in pathways involved in apoptosis, cytokine signaling, and TLR pathways. In addition, G-CSF treatment reduced the levels of four of five measured granule proteins in mature neutrophils, including the proantibacterial protein hCAP-18, which was completely deficient in neutrophils from G-CSF-treated donors. These results indicate that multiple biological processes are altered to satisfy the increased demand for neutrophils during G-CSF-induced emergency granulopoiesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna C Pedersen
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rehannah Borup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, National University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Fischer-Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Cell Therapy Facility, National University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Helena Mora-Jensen
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Fossum
- Biotech and Research Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jack B Cowland
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Niels Borregaard
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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