1
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Yari P, Rezaei B, Dey C, Chugh VK, Veerla NVRK, Wang JP, Wu K. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Point-of-Care: A Review on Recent Advances. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094411. [PMID: 37177614 PMCID: PMC10181768 DOI: 10.3390/s23094411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since its first report in 2006, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS)-based biosensors have flourished over the past decade. Currently, MPS are used for a wide range of applications, such as disease diagnosis, foodborne pathogen detection, etc. In this work, different MPS platforms, such as dual-frequency and mono-frequency driving field designs, were reviewed. MPS combined with multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively reported as a versatile platform for the detection of a long list of biomarkers. The surface-functionalized MNPs serve as nanoprobes that specifically bind and label target analytes from liquid samples. Herein, an analysis of the theories and mechanisms that underlie different MPS platforms, which enable the implementation of bioassays based on either volume or surface, was carried out. Furthermore, this review draws attention to some significant MPS platform applications in the biomedical and biological fields. In recent years, different kinds of MPS point-of-care (POC) devices have been reported independently by several groups in the world. Due to the high detection sensitivity, simple assay procedures and low cost per run, the MPS POC devices are expected to become more widespread in the future. In addition, the growth of telemedicine and remote monitoring has created a greater demand for POC devices, as patients are able to receive health assessments and obtain results from the comfort of their own homes. At the end of this review, we comment on the opportunities and challenges for POC devices as well as MPS devices regarding the intensely growing demand for rapid, affordable, high-sensitivity and user-friendly devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Clifton Dey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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2
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Liang S, Sutham P, Wu K, Mallikarjunan K, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors for Food Safety Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155663. [PMID: 35957220 PMCID: PMC9371012 DOI: 10.3390/s22155663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing number of foodborne disease outbreaks around the globe has aroused the wide attention of the food industry and regulators. During food production, processing, storage, and transportation, microorganisms may grow and secrete toxins as well as other harmful substances. These kinds of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources can seriously endanger human health. The traditional detection methods such as cell culture and colony counting cannot meet the requirements of rapid detection due to some intrinsic shortcomings, such as being time-consuming, laborious, and requiring expensive instrumentation or a central laboratory. In the past decade, efforts have been made to develop rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use detection platforms for on-site food safety regulation. Herein, we review one type of promising biosensing platform that may revolutionize the current food surveillance approaches, the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensors. Benefiting from the advances of nanotechnology, hundreds to thousands of GMR biosensors can be integrated into a fingernail-sized area, allowing the higher throughput screening of food samples at a lower cost. In addition, combined with on-chip microfluidic channels and filtration function, this type of GMR biosensing system can be fully automatic, and less operator training is required. Furthermore, the compact-sized GMR biosensor platforms could be further extended to related food contamination and the field screening of other pathogen targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Phanatchakorn Sutham
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kumar Mallikarjunan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Kim S, Kim J, Im J, Kim M, Kim T, Wang SX, Kim D, Lee JR. Magnetic supercluster particles for highly sensitive magnetic biosensing of proteins. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:256. [PMID: 35697882 PMCID: PMC9192248 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A strategy is reported to improve the detection limits of current giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensors by augmenting the effective magnetic moment that the magnetic tags on the biosensors can exert. Magnetic supercluster particles (MSPs), each of which consists of ~ 1000 superparamagnetic cores, are prepared by a wet-chemical technique and are utilized to improve the limit of detection of GMR biosensors down to 17.6 zmol for biotin as a target molecule. This value is more than four orders of magnitude lower than that of the conventional colorimetric assay performed using the same set of reagents except for the signal transducer. The applicability of MSPs in immunoassay is further demonstrated by simultaneously detecting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a duplex assay format. MSPs outperform commercially available magnetic nanoparticles in terms of signal intensity and detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songeun Kim
- Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in Smart Factory, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Im
- Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in Smart Factory, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeong Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Shan X Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Rok Lee
- Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program in Smart Factory, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Wu K, Tonini D, Liang S, Saha R, Chugh VK, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors in Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9945-9969. [PMID: 35167743 PMCID: PMC9055838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect has seen flourishing development from theory to application in the last three decades since its discovery in 1988. Nowadays, commercial devices based on the GMR effect, such as hard-disk drives, biosensors, magnetic field sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), etc., are available in the market, by virtue of the advances in state-of-the-art thin-film deposition and micro- and nanofabrication techniques. Different types of GMR biosensor arrays with superior sensitivity and robustness are available at a lower cost for a wide variety of biomedical applications. In this paper, we review the recent advances in GMR-based biomedical applications including disease diagnosis, genotyping, food and drug regulation, brain and cardiac mapping, etc. The GMR magnetic multilayer structure, spin valve, and magnetic granular structure, as well as fundamental theories of the GMR effect, are introduced at first. The emerging topic of flexible GMR for wearable biosensing is also included. Different GMR pattern designs, sensor surface functionalization, bioassay strategies, and on-chip accessories for improved GMR performances are reviewed. It is foreseen that combined with the state-of-the-art complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, GMR biosensors hold great promise in biomedicine, particularly for point-of-care (POC) disease diagnosis and wearable devices for real-time health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Denis Tonini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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5
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Pohanka M. Biosensors and Bioanalytical Devices based on Magnetic Particles: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2828-2841. [PMID: 32744958 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200730213721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particles play an important role in current technology, and this field of technology extends to a broader progression. The term magnetic particles typically cover the paramagnetic particles and super-paramagnetic particles. Various materials like iron oxide are common, but other materials are available as well; a survey of such materials has been included in this work. They can serve for technological purposes like separation and isolation of chemical products or toxic waste, their use in the diagnosis of pathologies, drug delivery and other similar applications. In this review, biosensors, bioanalytical devices and bioassays, have been discussed. Materials for magnetic particles preparation, methods of assay, biosensors and bioassays working in stationary as well as flow-through arrangements are described here. A survey of actual literature has been provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic
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6
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Chen W, Shao F, Xianyu Y. Microfluidics-Implemented Biochemical Assays: From the Perspective of Readout. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903388. [PMID: 31532891 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, microfluidics has emerged as an increasingly important tool to perform biochemical assays for diagnosis and healthcare. The precise fluid control and molecule manipulation within microfluidics greatly contribute to developing assays with simplicity and convenience. The advantages of microfluidics, including decreased consumption of reagents and samples, lower operating and analysis time, much lower cost, and higher integration and automation over traditional systems, offer a great platform to meet the needs of point-of-care applications. In this Review, versatile strategies are outlined and recent advances in microfluidics-implemented assays are discussed from the perspective of readout, because a convenient and straightforward readout is what a biochemical assay requires and the end user desires. Functions and properties arising from each readout are reviewed and the advantages and limitations of each readout are discussed together with current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Fangchi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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7
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Wu K, Su D, Liu J, Saha R, Wang JP. Magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine: a review of recent advances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:502003. [PMID: 31491782 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, in addition to their small size, possess unique physicochemical properties that differ from bulk materials, making them ideal for a host of novel applications. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one important class of nanomaterials that have been widely studied for their potential applications in nanomedicine. Due to the fact that MNPs can be detected and manipulated by remote magnetic fields, it opens a wide opportunity for them to be used in vivo. Nowadays, MNPs have been used for diverse applications including magnetic biosensing (diagnostics), magnetic imaging, magnetic separation, drug and gene delivery, and hyperthermia therapy, etc. Specifically, we reviewed some emerging techniques in magnetic diagnostics such as magnetoresistive (MR) and micro-Hall (μHall) biosensors, as well as the magnetic particle spectroscopy, magnetic relaxation switching and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based bioassays. Recent advances in applying MNPs as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and as tracer materials in magnetic particle imaging are reviewed. In addition, the development of high magnetic moment MNPs with proper surface functionalization has progressed exponentially over the past decade. To this end, different MNP synthesis approaches and surface coating strategies are reviewed and the biocompatibility and toxicity of surface functionalized MNP nanocomposites are also discussed. Herein, we are aiming to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state-of-the-art biological and biomedical applications of MNPs. This review is not only to provide in-depth insights into the different synthesis, biofunctionalization, biosensing, imaging, and therapy methods but also to give an overview of limitations and possibilities of each technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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8
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Wu K, Liu J, Su D, Saha R, Wang JP. Magnetic Nanoparticle Relaxation Dynamics-Based Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Rapid and Wash-Free Molecular Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22979-22986. [PMID: 31252472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used as contrasts and tracers for bioimaging, heating sources for tumor therapy, carriers for controlled drug delivery, and labels for magnetic immunoassays. Here, we describe a MNP Brownian relaxation dynamics-based magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) method for the quantitative detection of molecular biomarkers. In MPS measurements, the harmonics of oscillating MNPs are recorded and used as a metric for the freedom of rotational motion, which indicates the bound states of the MNPs. These harmonics can be collected from microgram quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles within 10 s. As the harmonics are largely dependent on the quantity of the MNPs in the sample, the MPS bioassay results could be biased by the deviations of MNP quantities in each sample, especially for the very low-concentration biomarker detection scenarios. Herein, we report three MNP concentration/quantity-independent metrics for characterizing the bound states of MNPs in MPS. Using a streptavidin-biotin binding system as a model, we demonstrate the feasibility of using MPS and MNP concentration/quantity-independent metrics to sense these molecular interactions, showing that this method can achieve rapid, wash-free bioassays, and is suitable for future point-of-care, sensitive, and versatile diagnosis.
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9
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Yang Y, Zeng Y. Microfluidic communicating vessel chip for expedited and automated immunomagnetic assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3830-3839. [PMID: 30394473 PMCID: PMC6279511 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive analysis of protein biomarkers is of tremendous biological and clinical significance. Immunoassays are workhorse tools for protein analysis and have been under continuous investigation to develop new methods and to improve the analytical performance. Herein we report a pneumatically gated microfluidic communicating vessel (μCOVE) chip for rapid and sensitive immunomagnetic ELISA. A distinct feature of our device is that it employs the communicating vessel principle as a simple means to generate a fast transient hydrodynamic flow to enable effective flow washing without the need for excessive incubation, which greatly simplifies and expedites the assay workflow, compared to conventional microfluidic flow-based immunoassays. Stationary multi-phase microfluidic techniques have been developed for fast bead washing. However, they have some limitations, such as the need for careful control of interfacial properties, large bead quantity required for reliable interphase bead transport, and relatively high bead loss during surface tension-gated traverse. Our single-phase μCOVE chip can overcome such limitations and facilitate the manipulation of magnetic beads to streamline the assay workflow. We showed that the μCOVE device affords highly sensitive quantification of the CEA and EGFR proteins with a LOD down to the sub-picogram per mL level. Direct detection of the EGFR in the crude A431 cell lysate was also demonstrated to further validate the ability of our device for rapid and quantitative analysis of complex biological samples. Overall, our work presents a unique platform that combines the merits of the stationary multi-phase systems and the flow-based microfluidics. This novel immunoassay microsystem has promising potential for a broad range of biological and clinical applications, owing to its simplicity and high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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10
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Lee JR, Appelmann I, Miething C, Shultz TO, Ruderman D, Kim D, Mallick P, Lowe SW, Wang SX. Longitudinal Multiplexed Measurement of Quantitative Proteomic Signatures in Mouse Lymphoma Models Using Magneto-Nanosensors. Theranostics 2018; 8:1389-1398. [PMID: 29507628 PMCID: PMC5835944 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer proteomics is the manifestation of relevant biological processes in cancer development. Thus, it reflects the activities of tumor cells, host-tumor interactions, and systemic responses to cancer therapy. To understand the causal effects of tumorigenesis or therapeutic intervention, longitudinal studies are greatly needed. However, most of the conventional mouse experiments are unlikely to accommodate frequent collection of serum samples with a large enough volume for multiple protein assays towards single-object analysis. Here, we present a technique based on magneto-nanosensors to longitudinally monitor the protein profiles in individual mice of lymphoma models using a small volume of a sample for multiplex assays. Methods: Drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines were used to develop the mouse models that render different outcomes upon the drug treatment. Two groups of mice were inoculated with each cell line, and treated with either cyclophosphamide or vehicle solution. Serum samples taken longitudinally from each mouse in the groups were measured with 6-plex magneto-nanosensor cytokine assays. To find the origin of IL-6, experiments were performed using IL-6 knock-out mice. Results: The differences in serum IL-6 and GCSF levels between the drug-treated and untreated groups were revealed by the magneto-nanosensor measurement on individual mice. Using the multiplex assays and mouse models, we found that IL-6 is secreted by the host in the presence of tumor cells upon the drug treatment. Conclusion: The multiplex magneto-nanosensor assays enable longitudinal proteomic studies on mouse tumor models to understand tumor development and therapy mechanisms more precisely within a single biological object.
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11
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Lee JR, Chan CT, Ruderman D, Chuang HY, Gaster RS, Atallah M, Mallick P, Lowe SW, Gambhir SS, Wang SX. Longitudinal Monitoring of Antibody Responses against Tumor Cells Using Magneto-nanosensors with a Nanoliter of Blood. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6644-6652. [PMID: 28990786 PMCID: PMC5851288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Each immunoglobulin isotype has unique immune effector functions. The contribution of these functions in the elimination of pathogens and tumors can be determined by monitoring quantitative temporal changes in isotype levels. Here, we developed a novel technique using magneto-nanosensors based on the effect of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) for longitudinal monitoring of total and antigen-specific isotype levels with high precision, using as little as 1 nL of serum. Combining in vitro serologic measurements with in vivo imaging techniques, we investigated the role of the antibody response in the regression of firefly luciferase (FL)-labeled lymphoma cells in spleen, kidney, and lymph nodes in a syngeneic Burkitt's lymphoma mouse model. Regression status was determined by whole body bioluminescent imaging (BLI). The magneto-nanosensors revealed that anti-FL IgG2a and total IgG2a were elevated and sustained in regression mice compared to non-regression mice (p < 0.05). This platform shows promise for monitoring immunotherapy, vaccination, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Rok Lee
- Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Carmel T. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel Ruderman
- Ellison Institute of Transformative Medicine of USC, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90211, United States
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard S. Gaster
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Pliant Therapeutics, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Michelle Atallah
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Parag Mallick
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shan X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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12
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Wan Y, Cheng G, Liu X, Hao SJ, Nisic M, Zhu CD, Xia YQ, Li WQ, Wang ZG, Zhang WL, Rice SJ, Sebastian A, Albert I, Belani CP, Zheng SY. Rapid magnetic isolation of extracellular vesicles via lipid-based nanoprobes. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1. [PMID: 28966872 PMCID: PMC5618714 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate intercellular communication by transferring cargo proteins and nucleic acids between cells. The pathophysiological roles and clinical value of EVs are under intense investigation, yet most studies are limited by technical challenges in the isolation of nanoscale EVs (nEVs). Here, we report a lipid nanoprobe that enables spontaneous labelling and magnetic enrichment of nEVs in 15 minutes, with isolation efficiency and cargo composition similar to what can be achieved by the much slower and bulkier method of ultracentrifugation. We also show that the lipid nanoprobes, which allow for downstream analyses of nucleic acids and proteins, enabled the identification of EGFR and KRAS mutations following nEV isolation from blood plasma from non-small-cell lung-cancer patients. The efficiency and versatility of the lipid nanoprobe opens up opportunities in point-of-care cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Xin Liu
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A
| | - Si-Jie Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Merisa Nisic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Chuan-Dong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China, 210003
| | - Yi-Qiu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Wen-Long Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Shawn J Rice
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Istvan Albert
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Chandra P Belani
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
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13
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Giant Magnetoresistive Biosensors for Time-Domain Magnetorelaxometry: A Theoretical Investigation and Progress Toward an Immunoassay. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45493. [PMID: 28374833 PMCID: PMC5379630 DOI: 10.1038/srep45493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetorelaxometry (MRX) is a promising new biosensing technique for point-of-care diagnostics. Historically, magnetic sensors have been primarily used to monitor the stray field of magnetic nanoparticles bound to analytes of interest for immunoassays and flow cytometers. In MRX, the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are first magnetized and then the temporal response is monitored after removing the magnetic field. This new sensing modality is insensitive to the magnetic field homogeneity making it more amenable to low-power portable applications. In this work, we systematically investigated time-domain MRX by measuring the signal dependence on the applied field, magnetization time, and magnetic core size. The extracted characteristic times varied for different magnetic MNPs, exhibiting unique magnetic signatures. We also measured the signal contribution based on the MNP location and correlated the coverage with measured signal amplitude. Lastly, we demonstrated, for the first time, a GMR-based time-domain MRX bioassay. This approach validates the feasibility of immunoassays using GMR-based MRX and provides an alternative platform for point-of-care diagnostics.
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14
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Lefebvre O, Smadja C, Martincic E, Woytasik M, Ammar M. Integration of microcoils for on-chip immunosensors based on magnetic nanoparticles capture. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Huong Giang DT, Dang DX, Toan NX, Tuan NV, Phung AT, Duc NH. Distance magnetic nanoparticle detection using a magnetoelectric sensor for clinical interventions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:015004. [PMID: 28147672 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Distance magnetic nanoparticle detections were investigated by using a magnetoelectric based magnetic sensor with a long type bilayer Metglas/PZT laminate composite. In homogeneous magnetic fields, the sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 307.4 mV/Oe, which is possible for a detection limit of 2.7 × 10-7 emu. This sensor can detect an amount of 0.31 μg of the superparamagnetic Fe3O4-chitosan fluid at 2 mm height above the sensor surface. To detect a spot with magnetic nanoparticles at a distance of about 7.6 mm, it should contain at least 50 μg of iron oxide. This approach can develop the local detection of magnetic nanoparticles at a depth of centimeters in the body during clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Huong Giang
- Laboratory for Micro-Nano Technologies and Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D X Dang
- Laboratory for Micro-Nano Technologies and Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N X Toan
- Laboratory for Micro-Nano Technologies and Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N V Tuan
- Department of Physics, Le Quy Don University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - A T Phung
- Departement of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Suite 106, C3 Building, 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N H Duc
- Laboratory for Micro-Nano Technologies and Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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16
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Reisbeck M, Helou MJ, Richter L, Kappes B, Friedrich O, Hayden O. Magnetic fingerprints of rolling cells for quantitative flow cytometry in whole blood. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32838. [PMID: 27596736 PMCID: PMC5011763 DOI: 10.1038/srep32838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, flow cytometry has had a profound impact on preclinical and clinical applications requiring single cell function information for counting, sub-typing and quantification of epitope expression. At the same time, the workflow complexity and high costs of such optical systems still limit flow cytometry applications to specialized laboratories. Here, we present a quantitative magnetic flow cytometer that incorporates in situ magnetophoretic cell focusing for highly accurate and reproducible rolling of the cellular targets over giant magnetoresistance sensing elements. Time-of-flight analysis is used to unveil quantitative single cell information contained in its magnetic fingerprint. Furthermore, we used erythrocytes as a biological model to validate our methodology with respect to precise analysis of the hydrodynamic cell diameter, quantification of binding capacity of immunomagnetic labels, and discrimination of cell morphology. The extracted time-of-flight information should enable point-of-care quantitative flow cytometry in whole blood for clinical applications, such as immunology and primary hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Reisbeck
- In-Vitro DX &Bioscience, Department of Strategy and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Johannes Helou
- In-Vitro DX &Bioscience, Department of Strategy and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Richter
- In-Vitro DX &Bioscience, Department of Strategy and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- In-Vitro DX &Bioscience, Department of Strategy and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Multiplex giant magnetoresistive biosensor microarrays identify interferon-associated autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27623. [PMID: 27279139 PMCID: PMC4899742 DOI: 10.1038/srep27623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High titer, class-switched autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Dysregulation of the interferon (IFN) pathway is observed in individuals with active SLE, although the association of specific autoantibodies with chemokine score, a combined measurement of three IFN-regulated chemokines, is not known. To identify autoantibodies associated with chemokine score, we developed giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensor microarrays, which allow the parallel measurement of multiple serum antibodies to autoantigens and peptides. We used the microarrays to analyze serum samples from SLE patients and found individuals with high chemokine scores had significantly greater reactivity to 13 autoantigens than individuals with low chemokine scores. Our findings demonstrate that multiple autoantibodies, including antibodies to U1-70K and modified histone H2B tails, are associated with IFN dysregulation in SLE. Further, they show the microarrays are capable of identifying autoantibodies associated with relevant clinical manifestations of SLE, with potential for use as biomarkers in clinical practice.
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18
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Visser EWA, van IJzendoorn LJ, Prins MWJ. Particle Motion Analysis Reveals Nanoscale Bond Characteristics and Enhances Dynamic Range for Biosensing. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3093-101. [PMID: 26913834 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofunctionalized colloidal particles are widely used as labels in bioanalytical assays, lab-on-chip devices, biophysical research, and in studies on live biological systems. With detection resolution going down to the level of single particles and single molecules, understanding the nature of the interaction of the particles with surfaces and substrates becomes of paramount importance. Here, we present a comprehensive study of motion patterns of colloidal particles maintained in close proximity to a substrate by short molecular tethers (40 nm). The motion of the particles (500-1000 nm) was optically tracked with a very high localization accuracy (below 3 nm). A surprisingly large variation in motion patterns was observed, which can be attributed to properties of the particle-molecule-substrate system, namely the bond number, the nature of the bond, particle protrusions, and substrate nonuniformities. Experimentally observed motion patterns were compared to numerical Monte Carlo simulations, revealing a close correspondence between the observed motion patterns and properties of the molecular system. Particles bound via single tethers show distinct disc-, ring-, and bell-shaped motion patterns, where the ring- and bell-shaped patterns are caused by protrusions on the particle in the direct vicinity of the molecular attachment point. Double and triple tethered particles exhibit stripe-shaped and triangular-shaped motion patterns, respectively. The developed motion pattern analysis allows for discrimination between particles bound by different bond types, which opens the possibility to improve the limit of detection and the dynamic range of bioanalytical assays, with a projected increase of dynamic range by nearly 2 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel W A Visser
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J van IJzendoorn
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Menno W J Prins
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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19
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Lee JR, Sato N, Bechstein DJB, Osterfeld SJ, Wang J, Gani AW, Hall DA, Wang SX. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the precise transduction mechanism in giant magnetoresistive biosensors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18692. [PMID: 26728870 PMCID: PMC4700494 DOI: 10.1038/srep18692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensors consisting of many rectangular stripes are being developed for high sensitivity medical diagnostics of diseases at early stages, but many aspects of the sensing mechanism remain to be clarified. Using e-beam patterned masks on the sensors, we showed that the magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 nm located between the stripes predominantly determine the sensor signals over those located on the sensor stripes. Based on computational analysis, it was confirmed that the particles in the trench, particularly those near the edges of the stripes, mainly affect the sensor signals due to additional field from the stripe under an applied field. We also demonstrated that the direction of the average magnetic field from the particles that contributes to the signal is indeed the same as that of the applied field, indicating that the particles in the trench are pivotal to produce sensor signal. Importantly, the same detection principle was validated with a duplex protein assay. Also, 8 different types of sensor stripes were fabricated and design parameters were explored. According to the detection principle uncovered, GMR biosensors can be further optimized to improve their sensitivity, which is highly desirable for early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Rok Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel J B Bechstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Adi Wijaya Gani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Drew A Hall
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Shan X Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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20
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Bechstein DJB, Ng E, Lee JR, Cone SG, Gaster RS, Osterfeld SJ, Hall DA, Weaver JA, Wilson RJ, Wang SX. Microfluidic multiplexed partitioning enables flexible and effective utilization of magnetic sensor arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4273-4276. [PMID: 26395039 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00953g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate microfluidic partitioning of a giant magnetoresistive sensor array into individually addressable compartments that enhances its effective use. Using different samples and reagents in each compartment enables measuring of cross-reactive species and wide dynamic ranges on a single chip. This compartmentalization technique motivates the employment of high density sensor arrays for highly parallelized measurements in lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Ng
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jung-Rok Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie G Cone
- Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Richard S Gaster
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Drew A Hall
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. and Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James A Weaver
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Material Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shan X Wang
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. and Material Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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