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Saha A, Ohori D, Sasaki T, Itoh K, Oshima R, Samukawa S. Effect of Film Morphology on Electrical Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:95. [PMID: 38202550 PMCID: PMC10780969 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Commercially available formulations of the popular conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are aqueous dispersions that require the addition of secondary dopants such as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG) for fabricated films to have the desired levels of conductivity. CleviosTM F HC Solar, a formulation of PEDOT:PSS produced by Heraeus, GmbH, achieves over 500 S/cm without these secondary dopants. This work studies whether secondary dopants such as DMSO have any additional effect on this type of PEDOT:PSS. The temperature dependencies of the conductivity of F HC Solar spin-coated thin films measured using a four-probe method seem to exhibit different charge transport properties compared with secondary doped PH1000. Observations made using atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that different concentrations of DMSO affect the orientation of the PEDOT domains in the thin film. These morphological changes cause room temperature conductivity to reduce from 640 S/cm in pristine films to as low as 555 S/cm after adding 7 wt% of DMSO along the film. Such tuning may prove useful in future applications of PEDOT:PSS, such as nanoprobes, transistors and hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Saha
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; (A.S.)
| | - Daisuke Ohori
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; (A.S.)
| | - Takahiko Sasaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Itoh
- Industrial Technology Institute, Miyagi Prefectural Government, Sendai 980-0014, Japan;
| | - Ryuji Oshima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan;
| | - Seiji Samukawa
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; (A.S.)
- Institute of Communications Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
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2
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Raman S, A RS, M S. Advances in silicon nanowire applications in energy generation, storage, sensing, and electronics: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:182001. [PMID: 36640446 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire-based technological advancements thrive in various fields, including energy generation and storage, sensors, and electronics. Among the identified nanowires, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) attract much attention as they possess unique features, including high surface-to-volume ratio, high electron mobility, bio-compatibility, anti-reflection, and elasticity. They were tested in domains of energy generation (thermoelectric, photo-voltaic, photoelectrochemical), storage (lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, super capacitors), and sensing (bio-molecules, gas, light, etc). These nano-structures were found to improve the performance of the system in terms of efficiency, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, rapidity, and reliability. This review article scans and summarizes the significant developments that occurred in the last decade concerning the application of SiNWs in the fields of thermoelectric, photovoltaic, and photoelectrochemical power generation, storage of energy using LIB anodes, biosensing, and disease diagnostics, gas and pH sensing, photodetection, physical sensing, and electronics. The functionalization of SiNWs with various nanomaterials and the formation of heterostructures for achieving improved characteristics are discussed. This article will be helpful to researchers in the field of nanotechnology about various possible applications and improvements that can be realized using SiNW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Raman
- Centre for Innovation and Product Development (CIPD), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India
| | - Ravi Sankar A
- Centre for Innovation and Product Development (CIPD), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India
| | - Sindhuja M
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India
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Dai R, Huang T, Zhou W, Yang J, Zhang H, Yu F, Chen A, Wang F, Zhang J, Sun T, Zhang L. Improved Interfacial Contact for Pyramidal Texturing of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051710. [PMID: 35268811 PMCID: PMC8911853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the surface reflectivity of silicon substrates is essential for preparing high-performance Si-based solar cells. We synthesized pyramid-nanowire-structured Si (Si-PNWs) anti-reflection substrates, which have excellent light-trapping ability (<4% reflectance). Furthermore, diethyl phthalate (DEP), a water-insoluble phthalic acid ester, was applied to optimize the Si-PNWs/PEDOT:PSS interface; the photoelectric conversion efficiency of heterojunction solar cells was shown to increase from 9.82% to 13.48%. We performed a detailed examination of the shape and optical characteristics of Si-PNWs, as well as associated photoelectric performance tests, to investigate the origin of performance improvements in Si-PNWs/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction solar cells (HSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Dai
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Tengzuo Huang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jinpeng Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Fayin Yu
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Anran Chen
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.Z.); (T.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Feng Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.Z.); (T.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Tao Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.Z.); (T.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Longzhou Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.Z.); (T.S.); (L.Z.)
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Song S, Cho SM. Transparent Metal-Mesh heater using Silver-coated copper nanoparticles sintered with intense pulsed light irradiation on PET substrate. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A conductive polymer nanowire including functional quantum dots generated via pulsed laser irradiation for high-sensitivity sensor applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11203. [PMID: 34045531 PMCID: PMC8159946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of functional conductive polymer nanowires (CPNWs), including ultrahigh-sensitive flexible nanosensors has attracted considerable attention in field of the Internet of Things. However, the controllable and space-selective growth of CPNWs remains challenging, and a novel synthetic technique is required. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of space-selective CPNWs that include quantum dots (QDs) with changeable optical properties via single-pulse laser irradiation in air at atmospheric pressure. Time-resolved shadowgraphy was applied to monitor the synthetic process of the CPNWs and optimise the process conditions. The electrical conductivity of the CPNWs with QDs (QD-CPNWs) was analysed in the presence and absence of light irradiation and was found to change drastically (over six times) under light irradiation. QD-CPNW synthesis under laser irradiation shows great potential for fabricating highly photosensitive functional nanomaterials and is expected to be applied in the production of ultrahigh-sensitive photosensors in the future.
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Shen R, Sun Z, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Guo W, Zhou Y, Yan H, Liu F. Solution Processed Organic/Silicon Nanowires Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Organosilane Incorporated Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) as Hole Transport Layers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6296-6304. [PMID: 33661604 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid heterojunction solar cells (HHSCs) using crystalline Si nanowires (SiNWs) as the absorber and conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole-selective transport layer (HTL) show great potential in both low-cost and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, due to the poor wettability of the PEDOT:PSS solution on SiNWs, conformal coverage of PEDOT:PSS on SiNWs is not easy to achieve. Here, an effective method was developed to decrease the surface tension of the PEDOT:PSS and increase the wettability between PEDOT:PSS and SiNWs by incorporating organosilane into the PEDOT:PSS solution. Two kinds of organosilanes including tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMO) were selected as the additives. The surface passivation quality of the SiNWs was dramatically enhanced. The HHSCs utilizing VTMO as the additive show a higher open circuit voltage and higher PCE compared with the TMOS adding ones. By spin-coating Ag nanowires onto the PEDOT:PSS HTL layer and using spin-coated phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron-selective transport layer, a champion PCE up to 18.12% and a fill factor of 80.1% have been achieved on the full solution processed PEDOT:PSS/n-type SiNWs HHSCs. The findings provide a simple and promising method to achieve high-performance PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs HHSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzong Shen
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongheng Sun
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanwu Guo
- Jetion Solar (China) Co., Ltd, Jiangyin 214443, China
| | - Yuqin Zhou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Sun Z, He Y, Xiong B, Chen S, Li M, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Sun K, Yang C. Strategien zur Steigerung der Leistung von PEDOT:PSS/Si‐Hybrid‐Solarzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Ya He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Banglun Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Perovtronics Research Center Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- School of Energy & Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- School of Energy & Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Perovtronics Research Center Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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8
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Sun Z, He Y, Xiong B, Chen S, Li M, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Sun K, Yang C. Performance-Enhancing Approaches for PEDOT:PSS-Si Hybrid Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:5036-5055. [PMID: 31840360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emerging energy crisis has focused significant worldwide attention on solar cells. Although crystalline silicon solar cells are currently widely used, their high cost limits the development of solar power generation. Consequently, hybrid solar cells are becoming increasingly important, especially organic-Si hybrid solar cells (HSCs). Organic-Si HSCs combine a mature technology and high efficiency with the low-temperature manufacturing process and tunable optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells. The organic material can be P3HT, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and PEDOT:PSS. Here we review the performance of PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs and methods for improving their efficiency, such as PEDOT:PSS modification, optimization of the trapping effect, passivation of the silicon surface, addition of an interface layer, improvement of a back contact, and optimization of the metal top electrode. This Review should help fill the gap in this area and provide perspectives for the future development of the PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ya He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Banglun Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,School of Energy & Power Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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Anh NN, Van Chuc N, Thang BH, Van Nhat P, Hao N, Phuong DD, Minh PN, Subramani T, Fukata N, Van Trinh P. Solar Cell Based on Hybrid Structural SiNW/Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate)/Graphene. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2020; 4:2000010. [PMID: 32999734 PMCID: PMC7507695 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy is considered as a potential alternative energy source. The solar cell is classified into three main types: i) solar cells based on bulk silicon materials (monocrystalline, polycrystalline), ii) thin-film solar cells (CIGS, CdTe, DSSC, etc.), and iii) solar cells based on nanostructures and nanomaterials. Nowadays, commercial solar cells are usually made by bulk silicon material, which requires not only high fabrication costs but also limited performance. In this study, the fabrication of high-performance solar cells based on hybrid structure of silicon nanowires/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/graphene (SiNW/PEDOT:PSS/Gr) is focused upon. SiNWs with different lengths of 125, 400, 800 nm, and 2 µm are fabricated by a metal-assisted chemical etching method, and their influence on the performance of the hybrid solar cells is studied and investigated. The experimental results indicate that the suitable SiNW length for the fabrication of the hybrid solar cells is about 400 nm and the best power conversion efficiency obtained is about 9.05%, which is about 2.1 times higher than that of the planar Si solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Anh
- Institute of Materials ScienceVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Chuc
- Institute of Materials ScienceVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Bui Hung Thang
- Institute of Materials ScienceVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Nhat
- University of Science and Technology of HanoiVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - NguyenVan Hao
- Faculty of Physics and TechnologyTNU‐University of SciencesTan Thinh WardThai Nguyen24000Vietnam
| | - Doan Dinh Phuong
- Institute of Materials ScienceVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Phan Ngoc Minh
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Thiyagu Subramani
- International Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
| | - Naoki Fukata
- International Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
| | - Pham Van Trinh
- Institute of Materials ScienceVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau GiayHanoi10000Vietnam
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10
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Design of Silicon Nanowire Array for PEDOT:PSS-Silicon Nanowire-Based Hybrid Solar Cell. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13153797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among various photovoltaic devices, the poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based hybrid solar cell is getting momentum for the next generation solar cell. Although, the power-conversion efficiency of the PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell has already been reported above 13% by many researchers, it is still at a primitive stage and requires comprehensive research and developments. When SiNWs interact with conjugate polymer PEDOT:PSS, the various aspects of SiNW array are required to optimize for high efficiency hybrid solar cell. Therefore, the designing of silicon nanowire (SiNW) array is a crucial aspect for an efficient PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell, where PEDOT:PSS plays a role as a conductor with an transparent optical window just-like as metal-semiconductor Schottky solar cell. This short review mainly focuses on the current research trends for the general, electrical, optical and photovoltaic design issues associated with SiNW array for PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cells. The foremost features including the morphology, surface traps, doping of SiNW, which limit the efficiency of the PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell, will be addressed and reviewed. Finally, the SiNW design issues for boosting up the fill-factor, short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage will be highlighted and discussed.
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11
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Iqbal S, Su D, Yang Y, Ullah F, Zhou H, Hussain A, Zhang T. Fabrication of an Efficient Planar Organic-Silicon Hybrid Solar Cell with a 150 nm Thick Film of PEDOT: PSS. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10100648. [PMID: 31561630 PMCID: PMC6843557 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells composed of p-type conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) and n-type silicon (Si) have gained considerable interest in recent years. From this viewpoint, we present an efficient hybrid solar cell based on PEDOT: PSS and the planar Si substrate (1 0 0) with the simplest and cost-effective experimental procedures. We study and optimize the thickness of the PEDOT: PSS film to improve the overall performance of the device. We also study the effect of ethylene glycol (EG) by employing a different wt % as a solvent in the PEDOT: PSS to improve the device’s performance. Silver (Ag) was deposited by electron beam evaporation as the front and rear contacts for the solar cell device. The whole fabrication process was completed in less than three hours. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.1%, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 598 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 58% were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Iqbal
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Dan Su
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Metal Nano-Optoelectronic Technology, Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, and School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Fahim Ullah
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Huanli Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, and School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Azam Hussain
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Metal Nano-Optoelectronic Technology, Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, and School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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12
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Chen J, Subramani T, Jevasuwan W, Pradel KC, Fukata N. Three-dimensional radial junction solar cell based on ordered silicon nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:344001. [PMID: 30716727 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were fabricated by nanoimprint lithography and Bosch etching methods. A polycrystalline silicon shell was grown to form a radial p-n junction. To enhance its anti-reflection properties and conductivity, a thin ITO layer was deposited on the SiNWs solar cell, then a micro-grid electrode was introduced to minimize the metal areas to maximize carrier collection. Finally, shorter nanowires were used to reduce surface recombination and achieve an efficiency of 10.5%. This work is expected to show some possible techniques to improve the performance of silicon nanostructure solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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13
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Baraban L, Ibarlucea B, Baek E, Cuniberti G. Hybrid Silicon Nanowire Devices and Their Functional Diversity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900522. [PMID: 31406669 PMCID: PMC6685480 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the pool of nanostructured materials, silicon nanostructures are known as conventionally used building blocks of commercially available electronic devices. Their application areas span from miniaturized elements of devices and circuits to ultrasensitive biosensors for diagnostics. In this Review, the current trends in the developments of silicon nanowire-based devices are summarized, and their functionalities, novel architectures, and applications are discussed from the point of view of analog electronics, arisen from the ability of (bio)chemical gating of the carrier channel. Hybrid nanowire-based devices are introduced and described as systems decorated by, e.g., organic complexes (biomolecules, polymers, and organic films), aimed to substantially extend their functionality, compared to traditional systems. Their functional diversity is explored considering their architecture as well as areas of their applications, outlining several groups of devices that benefit from the coatings. The first group is the biosensors that are able to represent label-free assays thanks to the attached biological receptors. The second group is represented by devices for optoelectronics that acquire higher optical sensitivity or efficiency due to the specific photosensitive decoration of the nanowires. Finally, the so-called new bioinspired neuromorphic devices are shown, which are aimed to mimic the functions of the biological cells, e.g., neurons and synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Baraban
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Eunhye Baek
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
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14
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Olivares AJ, Cosme I, Sanchez-Vergara ME, Mansurova S, Carrillo JC, Martinez HE, Itzmoyotl A. Nanostructural Modification of PEDOT:PSS for High Charge Carrier Collection in Hybrid Frontal Interface of Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061034. [PMID: 31212644 PMCID: PMC6630200 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) material to form a hybrid heterojunction with amorphous silicon-based materials for high charge carrier collection at the frontal interface of solar cells. The nanostructural characteristics of PEDOT:PSS layers were modified using post-treatment techniques via isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated conformational changes and nanostructural reorganization in the surface of the polymer in order to tailor hybrid interface to be used in the heterojunctions of inorganic solar cells. To prove this concept, hybrid polymer/amorphous silicon solar cells were fabricated. The hybrid PEDOT:PSS/buffer/a-Si:H heterojunction demonstrated high transmittance, reduction of electron diffusion, and enhancement of the internal electric field. Although the structure was a planar superstrate-type configuration and the PEDOT:PSS layer was exposed to glow discharge, the hybrid solar cell reached high efficiency compared to that in similar hybrid solar cells with substrate-type configuration and that in textured well-optimized amorphous silicon solar cells fabricated at low temperature. Thus, we demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS is fully tailored and compatible material with plasma processes and can be a substitute for inorganic p-type layers in inorganic solar cells and related devices with improvement of performance and simplification of fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Olivares
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Ismael Cosme
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y tecnología-INAOE, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Maria Elena Sanchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan C.P. 52786, Mexico.
| | - Svetlana Mansurova
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Julio C Carrillo
- UAM Reynosa-Rodhe, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Carr. Reynosa-San Fernando S/N, Reynosa, Tamaulipas 88779, Mexico.
| | - Hiram E Martinez
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Adrian Itzmoyotl
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
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15
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Chen W, Roca I Cabarrocas P. Rational design of nanowire solar cells: from single nanowire to nanowire arrays. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:194002. [PMID: 30654343 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaff8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we report several rational designs of nanowire-based solar cells from single nanowire to nanowire arrays. Two methods of nanowires fabrication: via 'top-down' and 'bottom-up', and two types of configurations including axial and radial junction are presented for nanowire-based solar cells. To enhance absorption, several photon management schemes are shown in detail, including anti-reflection coating, diffractive grating, and plasmonics. Considering the rational design of nanowire arrays, we summarize a total of seven solar cell structures including axial junctions, radial junctions, substrate interfacial junctions, planar junctions, conductors, junctionless and tandem. Each type is supported by examples which are presented and discussed. Finally, a general comparison between bulk and nanowire solar cell efficiencies is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanghua Chen
- Faculty of Science, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, People's Republic of China. LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
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16
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Abstract
Solar energy is abundant, clean, and renewable, making it an ideal energy source. Solar cells are a good option to harvest this energy. However, it is difficult to balance the cost and efficiency of traditional thin-film solar cells, whereas nanowires (NW) are far superior in making high-efficiency low-cost solar cells. Therefore, the NW solar cell has attracted great attention in recent years and is developing rapidly. Here, we review the great advantages, recent breakthroughs, novel designs, and remaining challenges of NW solar cells. Special attention is given to (but not limited to) the popular semiconductor NWs for solar cells, in particular, Si, GaAs(P), and InP.
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17
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Khmelinskii I, Skatchkov SN, Makarov VI. Macro-scale transport of the excitation energy along a metal nanotrack: exciton-plasmon energy transfer mechanism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:98. [PMID: 30643185 PMCID: PMC6331616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently we report (i) excited state (exciton) propagation in a metal nanotrack over macroscopic distances, along with (ii) energy transfer from the nanotrack to adsorbed dye molecules. We measured the rates of both of these processes. We concluded that the effective speed of exciton propagation along the nanotrack is about 8 × 107 cm/s, much lower than the surface plasmon propagation speed of 1.4 × 1010 cm/s. We report that the transmitted energy yield depends on the nanotrack length, with the energy emitted from the surface much lower than the transmitted energy, i.e. the excited nanotrack mainly emits in its end zone. Our model thus assumes that the limiting step in the exciton propagation is the energy transfer between the originally prepared excitons and surface plasmons, with the rate constant of about 5.7 × 107 s-1. We also conclude that the energy transfer between the nanotrack and the adsorbed dye is limited by the excited-state lifetime in the nanotrack. Indeed, the measured characteristic buildup time of the dye emission is much longer than the characteristic energy transfer time to the dye of 81 ns, and thus must be determined by the excited state lifetime in the nanotrack. Indeed, the latter is very close to the characteristic buildup time of the dye emission. The data obtained are novel and very promising for a broad range of future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khmelinskii
- University of the Algarve, FCT, DQF and CEOT, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Vladimir I Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR, 00931-3343, USA.
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18
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Liu H, Li M, Kaner RB, Chen S, Pei Q. Monolithically Integrated Self-Charging Power Pack Consisting of a Silicon Nanowire Array/Conductive Polymer Hybrid Solar Cell and a Laser-Scribed Graphene Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15609-15615. [PMID: 29692171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the need for portable and sustainable energy sources and the development trend for microminiaturization and multifunctionalization in the electronic components, the study of integrated self-charging power packs has attracted increasing attention. A new self-charging power pack consisting of a silicon nanowire array/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid solar cell and a laser-scribed graphene (LSG) supercapacitor has been fabricated. The Si nanowire array/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cell structure exhibited a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.37%. The LSG demonstrated excellent energy storage capability for the power pack, with high current density, energy density, and cyclic stability when compared to other supercapacitor electrodes such as active carbon and conducting polymers. The overall efficiency of the power unit is 2.92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhui Liu
- Department of Physics , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Songyan Chen
- Department of Physics , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , People's Republic of China
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19
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Yang Z, Fang Z, Sheng J, Ling Z, Liu Z, Zhu J, Gao P, Ye J. Optoelectronic Evaluation and Loss Analysis of PEDOT:PSS/Si Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:26. [PMID: 28070837 PMCID: PMC5222769 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The organic/silicon (Si) hybrid heterojunction solar cells (HHSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their potential advantages in high efficiency and low cost. However, as a newly arisen photovoltaic device, its current efficiency is still much worse than commercially available Si solar cells. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematical optoelectronic evaluation and loss analysis on this HHSC is therefore highly necessary to fully explore its efficiency potential. Here, a thoroughly optoelectronic simulation is provided on a typical planar polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/Si HHSC. The calculated spectra of reflection and external quantum efficiency (EQE) match well with the experimental results in a full-wavelength range. The losses in current density, which are contributed by both optical losses (i.e., reflection, electrode shield, and parasitic absorption) and electrical recombination (i.e., the bulk and surface recombination), are predicted via carefully addressing the electromagnetic and carrier-transport processes. In addition, the effects of Si doping concentrations and rear surface recombination velocities on the device performance are fully investigated. The results drawn in this study are beneficial to the guidance of designing high-performance PEDOT:PSS/Si HHSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zebo Fang
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jiang Sheng
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhaoheng Ling
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhaolang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Juye Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Pingqi Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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Cho JH, Kang DJ, Jang NS, Kim KH, Won P, Ko SH, Kim JM. Metal Nanowire-Coated Metal Woven Mesh for High-Performance Stretchable Transparent Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40905-40913. [PMID: 29099584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a new template-assisted fabrication method to obtain stretchable metal grids for high-performance stretchable transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). Readily accessible metal woven mesh (MWM) is used as a template to make the fabrication process simple, cost-effective, reproducible, and potentially scalable by combining it with silver nanowire (AgNW) coating and elastomer filling processes. Stretchable TCEs are made with the AgNW-coated MWM and show remarkable optoelectronic performance with a sheet resistance of ∼3.2 Ω/sq and optical transmittance of >80%, large maximum stretchability of 40%, and electrical and mechanical robustness even under repeated stretching and bending deformations (1000 cycles). The device is demonstrated in a highly flexible touch screen panel that can operate well even in a bent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Cho
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joo Kang
- Department of Nanomechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Su Jang
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip Won
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Man Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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21
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Zhang B, Jie J, Zhang X, Ou X, Zhang X. Large-Scale Fabrication of Silicon Nanowires for Solar Energy Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34527-34543. [PMID: 28921947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of silicon (Si) materials during past decades has boosted up the prosperity of the modern semiconductor industry. In comparison with the bulk-Si materials, Si nanowires (SiNWs) possess superior structural, optical, and electrical properties and have attracted increasing attention in solar energy applications. To achieve the practical applications of SiNWs, both large-scale synthesis of SiNWs at low cost and rational design of energy conversion devices with high efficiency are the prerequisite. This review focuses on the recent progresses in large-scale production of SiNWs, as well as the construction of high-efficiency SiNW-based solar energy conversion devices, including photovoltaic devices and photo-electrochemical cells. Finally, the outlook and challenges in this emerging field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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22
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Um HD, Choi D, Choi A, Seo JH, Seo K. Embedded Metal Electrode for Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanowire Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6218-6224. [PMID: 28531350 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here an embedded metal electrode for highly efficient organic-inorganic hybrid nanowire solar cells. The electrode proposed here is an effective alternative to the conventional bus and finger electrode which leads to a localized short circuit at a direct Si/metal contact and has a poor collection efficiency due to a nonoptimized electrode design. In our design, a Ag/SiO2 electrode is embedded into a Si substrate while being positioned between Si nanowire arrays underneath poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), facilitating suppressed recombination at the Si/Ag interface and notable improvements in the fabrication reproducibility. With an optimized microgrid electrode, our 1 cm2 hybrid solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency of up to 16.1% with an open-circuit voltage of 607 mV and a short circuit current density of 34.0 mA/cm2. This power conversion efficiency is more than twice as high as that of solar cells using a conventional electrode (8.0%). The microgrid electrode significantly minimizes the optical and electrical losses. This reproducibly yields a superior quantum efficiency of 99% at the main solar spectrum wavelength of 600 nm. In particular, our solar cells exhibit a significant increase in the fill factor of 78.3% compared to that of a conventional electrode (61.4%); this is because of the drastic reduction in the metal/contact resistance of the 1 μm-thick Ag electrode. Hence, the use of our embedded microgrid electrode in the construction of an ideal carrier collection path presents an opportunity in the development of highly efficient organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Don Um
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Deokjae Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Ahreum Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Kwanyong Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
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23
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Nam YH, Song JW, Park MJ, Sami A, Lee JH. Ultrathin Al 2O 3 interface achieving an 11.46% efficiency in planar n-Si/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:155402. [PMID: 28303801 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa63b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaic devices consisting of poly(3,4-etyhlenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and n-type silicon have recently been investigated for their cost-efficiency and ease of fabrication. We demonstrate that the insertion of an ultrathin Al2O3 layer between n-Si and PEDOT:PSS significantly improves photovoltaic performance in comparison to the conventional interfacial oxide employing SiO2. A power-conversion efficiency of 11.46% was recorded at the optimal Al2O3 thickness of 2.3 nm. This result was achieved based upon increased built-in potential and improved charge collection via the electron blocking effect of Al2O3. In addition, the hydrophilicity enhanced by Al2O3 improved the coating uniformity of the PEDOT:PSS layer, resulting in a further reduction in surface recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ho Nam
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Kyounggi 426-791, Republic of Korea
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Ray SK, Katiyar AK, Raychaudhuri AK. One-dimensional Si/Ge nanowires and their heterostructures for multifunctional applications-a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:092001. [PMID: 28120815 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa565c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in the field of one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures for electronic and photonic devices. Group-IV semiconductors and their heterostructures have dominated the years of success in microelectronic industry. However their use in photonic devices is limited since they exhibit poor optical activity due to indirect band gap nature of Si and Ge. Reducing their dimensions below a characteristic length scale of various fundamental parameters like exciton Bohr radius, phonon mean free path, critical size of magnetic domains, exciton diffusion length etc result in the significant modification of bulk properties. In particular, light emission from Si/Ge nanowires due to quantum confinement, strain induced band structure modification and impurity doping may lead to the integration of photonic components with mature silicon CMOS technology in near future. Several promising applications based on Si and Ge nanowires have already been well established and studied, while others are now at the early demonstration stage. The control over various forms of energy and carrier transport through the unconstrained dimension makes Si and Ge nanowires a promising platform to manufacture advanced solid-state devices. This review presents the progress of the research with emphasis on their potential application of Si/Ge nanowires and their heterostructures for electronic, photonic, sensing and energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit K Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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25
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Gang M, Lee JH. Enhanced photovoltaic performance of polymer-filled nanoporous Si hybrid structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5121-5126. [PMID: 28138674 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel hybrid structure for improving the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells. By employing first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that ordered, nanoporous silicon (np-Si), when filled with polythiophene (PT) inside the pores, exhibits a substantially enhanced absorption coefficient compared to both np-Si and the bulk, which makes the np-Si/PT heterojunction a superior light absorbing material. In addition, the PT-filled porous structure forms a staggered gap, or type II, heterojunction at the interfaces, where the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum of the composite reside on PT and np-Si, respectively. Moreover, the pore-filling polymer brings about a highly dispersive valence band, which provides a major pathway for hole transport. These results suggest that such a hybrid structure, which may be easier to scale up than nanowire-based approaches, will efficiently dissociate photo-induced electron-hole pairs and reduce the amount of material for light absorption, thus leading to a cost-effective and high-performance solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Gang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Hyoung Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Mahato S. Composition analysis of two different PEDOT:PSS commercial products used as an interface layer in Au/n-Si Schottky diode. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The water based highly conductive transparent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) polymer is a promising material for many optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mahato
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (Surface Physics and Material Science)
- Kolkata 700064
- India
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Evidences for redox reaction driven charge transfer and mass transport in metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36582. [PMID: 27824123 PMCID: PMC5100464 DOI: 10.1038/srep36582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the transport processes governing the metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) of silicon (Si). We show that in the oxidation of Si during the MacEtch process, the transport of the hole charges can be accomplished by the diffusion of metal ions. The oxidation of Si is subsequently governed by a redox reaction between the ions and Si. This represents a fundamentally different proposition in MacEtch whereby such transport is understood to occur through hole carrier conduction followed by hole injection into (or electron extraction from) Si. Consistent with the ion transport model introduced, we showed the possibility in the dynamic redistribution of the metal atoms that resulted in the formation of pores/cracks for catalyst thin films that are ≲30 nm thick. As such, the transport of the reagents and by-products are accomplished via these pores/cracks for the thin catalyst films. For thicker films, we show a saturation in the etch rate demonstrating a transport process that is dominated by diffusion via metal/Si boundaries. The new understanding in transport processes described in this work reconcile competing models in reagents/by-products transport, and also solution ions and thin film etching, which can form the foundation of future studies in the MacEtch process.
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28
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Wu D, Tang X, Wang K, Li X. Effective coupled optoelectrical design method for fully infiltrated semiconductor nanowires based hybrid solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A1336-A1348. [PMID: 27828520 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.0a1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel coupled design method that both optimizes light absorption and predicts electrical performance of fully infiltrated inorganic semiconductor nanowires (NWs) based hybrid solar cells (HSC). This method provides a thorough insight of hybrid photovoltaic process as a function of geometrical parameters of NWs. An active layer consisting of GaAs NWs as acceptor and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) as donor were used as a design example. Absorption spectra features were studied by the evolution of the leaky modes and Fabry-Perot resonance with wavelength focusing firstly on the GaAs/air layer before extending to GaAs/P3HT hybrid active layer. The highest absorption efficiency reached 39% for the hybrid active layer of 2 μm thickness under AM 1.5G illumination. Combined with the optical absorption analysis, our method further codesigns the energy harvesting to predict electrical performance of HSC considering exciton dissociation efficiencies within both inorganic NWs and a polymeric shell of 20 nm thickness. The validity of the simulation model was also proved by the well agreement of the simulation results with the published experimental work indicating an effective guidance for future high performance HSC design.
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Abstract
Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in thin-film-transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, photorefractive devices, and many others. The technological promises include low cost of these materials and the possibility of their room-temperature deposition from solution on large-area and/or flexible substrates. The article reviews the current understanding of the physical mechanisms that determine the (opto)electronic properties of high-performance organic materials. The focus of the review is on photoinduced processes and on electronic properties important for optoelectronic applications relying on charge carrier photogeneration. Additionally, it highlights the capabilities of various experimental techniques for characterization of these materials, summarizes top-of-the-line device performance, and outlines recent trends in the further development of the field. The properties of materials based both on small molecules and on conjugated polymers are considered, and their applications in organic solar cells, photodetectors, and photorefractive devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Ostroverkhova
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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30
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Kim E, Cho Y, Sohn A, Hwang H, Lee YU, Kim K, Park HH, Kim J, Wu JW, Kim DW. Mie Resonance-Modulated Spatial Distributions of Photogenerated Carriers in Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)/Silicon Nanopillars. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29472. [PMID: 27388122 PMCID: PMC4937449 DOI: 10.1038/srep29472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic/silicon hybrid solar cells have great potential as low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. The superior light trapping capability, mediated by the optical resonances, of the organic/silicon hybrid nanostructure-based cells enhances their optical performance. In this work, we fabricated Si nanopillar (NP) arrays coated with organic semiconductor, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), layers. Experimental and calculated optical properties of the samples showed that Mie-resonance strongly concentrated incoming light in the NPs. Spatial mapping of surface photovoltage, i.e., changes in the surface potential under illumination, using Kelvin probe force microscopy enabled us to visualize the local behavior of the photogenerated carriers in our samples. Under red light, surface photovoltage was much larger (63 meV) on the top surface of a NP than on a planar sample (13 meV), which demonstrated that the confined light in the NPs produced numerous carriers within the NPs. Since the silicon NPs provide pathways for efficient carrier transportation, high collection probability of the photogenerated carriers near the NPs can be expected. This suggests that the optical resonance in organic/silicon hybrid nanostructures benefits not only broad-band light trapping but also efficient carrier collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yunae Cho
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ahrum Sohn
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Heewon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y U Lee
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Kyungkon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Ho Park
- Applied Device and Material Lab., Device Technology Division, Korea Advanced Nanofab Center (KANC), Suwon 443-270, Korea
| | - Joondong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - J W Wu
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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31
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Kim N, Um HD, Choi I, Kim KH, Seo K. 18.4%-Efficient Heterojunction Si Solar Cells Using Optimized ITO/Top Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11412-11417. [PMID: 27092403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We optimize the thickness of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer, and apply a microscale mesh-pattern metal electrode for high-efficiency a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cells. A solar cell equipped with the proposed microgrid metal electrode demonstrates a high short-circuit current density (JSC) of 40.1 mA/cm(2), and achieves a high efficiency of 18.4% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 618 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 74.1% as result of the shortened carrier path length and the decreased electrode area of the microgrid metal electrode. Furthermore, by optimizing the process sequence for electrode formation, we are able to effectively restore the reduction in VOC that occurs during the microgrid metal electrode formation process. This work is expected to become a fundamental study that can effectively improve current loss in a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cells through the optimization of transparent and metal electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namwoo Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Don Um
- Department of Energy Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwoo Choi
- KIER-UNIST, Advanced Center for Energy, Korea Institute for Energy Research , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Hyun Kim
- KIER-UNIST, Advanced Center for Energy, Korea Institute for Energy Research , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyong Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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32
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Zhao M, Zhang J, Gao N, Song P, Bosman M, Peng B, Sun B, Qiu CW, Xu QH, Bao Q, Loh KP. Actively Tunable Visible Surface Plasmons in Bi2 Te3 and their Energy-Harvesting Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3138-44. [PMID: 26923685 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal Bi2 Te3 nanoplates support visible-range surface plasmons, of which the resonance energy is tuned as wide as 400 nm by Se doping and the resonance intensity is modulated by utilizing the phase change between the crystalline and amorphous states. The potential of Bi2 Te3 for reconfigurable plasmonics, plasmon-enhanced solar cells, and photoluminescence is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Nengyue Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Michel Bosman
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583, Singapore
| | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Wellington road, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
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