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Park JE, Jeon J, Park SJ, Won S, Ku Z, Wie JJ. On-Demand Dynamic Chirality Selection in Flower Corolla-like Micropillar Arrays. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18101-18109. [PMID: 36282603 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chiral morphology has been intensively studied in various fields including biology, organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and optics. On-demand and dynamic chiral inversion not only cannot be realized in most intrinsically chiral materials but also has mostly been limited to chemical or light-induced methods. Herein, we report reversible real-time magneto-mechanical chiral inversion of a three-dimensional (3D) micropillar array between achiral, clockwise, and counterclockwise chiral arrangements. Inspired by the flower corolla, achiral arrays of five and six radially arranged semicylindrical micropillars were employed as model systems to investigate the dynamic symmetry properties of arrays consisting of odd and even numbers of micropillars, respectively. Each micropillar underwent twisting actuation with a different twisting angle depending on the angle with the magnetic field direction and magnetic flux density, thereby collectively changing the chirality from the achiral to chiral state. Importantly, the morphological handedness of the micropillars was inverted within a few seconds by manipulating the direction of the magnetic field. A chiral morphology consisting of magnetically twisted micropillars was shape-fixed by the introduction of a polymeric binder. This binder could be simply washed off to return the shape-fixed twisted micropillars to their initial straight state. Magnetically programmable and reproducible 3D flower corolla-like micropillar arrays are expected to expand the potential of shape-reconfigurable devices that require real-time chiral manipulation in ambient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Jin Park
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 944550, United States
| | - Sukyoung Won
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gómez-Hurtado MA, Ramírez-Briones E, Arreaga-González HM, Rodríguez-García G, Cerda-García-Rojas CM, Joseph-Nathan P, Del Río RE. Chiral NMR analysis reveals the environmental dependence of areolal scalemization in Piptothrix areolare. Chirality 2022; 34:864-876. [PMID: 35315141 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of racemic and enantiomerically enriched (scalemic) mixtures of secondary metabolites in their natural sources is a rare phenomenon. The unprecedent case of enantiomeric variations from levorotatory to dextrorotatory, and back to levorotatory, passing through an almost racemic mixture, was recently documented for areolal, the major epoxythymol of Piptothrix areolare. In an attempt to shed some light to understand the reasons for such an unusual behavior, herein, we evaluated this phenomenon by correlating the areolal enantiomeric purity with several environmental variables, including temperature, humidity, rain precipitation, wind speed, and radiation during over 1 year of the plant life cycle. The specific rotation and enantiomeric excess determined by 1 H-NMR-BINOL measurements provided the scalemic variations of areolal samples isolated from the roots collected from the same location along a 427-day period. The 1 H-NMR-BINOL methodology provided better sensitivity to enantiomeric variations than specific rotation measurements. Statistical data, including matrix correlation analysis, exploratory analysis by heatmap plotting, and the principal component analysis (PCA), suggested direct correlation of the scalemic variation with humidity, rain precipitation, and radiation variables with the best PCA explanation (78.4%) and noncritical or poor correlations in PCA explained in 60.2% and 48.4%, respectively. When variations in the optical activity parameter of any metabolite are observed, the search for scalemic mixtures along their host plant life cycle should be undertaken. Herein, this phenomenon could be associated with interactions with soil microorganisms and with evolutionary aspects of Piptothrix areolare which belongs to Asteraceae, one of the most successfully adaptable plant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Gómez-Hurtado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ramírez-Briones
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Héctor M Arreaga-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico.,Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Cerda-García-Rojas
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Joseph-Nathan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa E Del Río
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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Zhao H, Gao X, Qin Q, Wang J. Formation of chiral morphologies of biological materials induced by chirality. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2021; 16:066005. [PMID: 34399414 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac1dfb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral growth exists prevalently in natural materials. The mechanism underlying the formation of chiral morphologies in biological and man-made materials has been an important issue of both theoretical and technological interest. In this paper, an elastic rod model taking into account chiral microstructures is developed to investigate the formation of chiral morphologies of biological materials. The curvature and twist of chiral shapes are investigated with this model using the variational method of energy. The result shows the misfit of chirality of two-layer structured biological materials may induce various chiral morphologies, such as helices and twisting belts. Furthermore, it was found that cooperative or competitive interactions between anisotropic elasticity and chirality can also lead to the formation of chiral morphologies, and the fibre orientation angles and chiral parameters are the determining factors to the shape, size and handedness of chiral morphologies. This work is expected to shed new light on the physical mechanisms of the formation of various chiral morphologies in the biological world and provide useful guidance for the design of deformation driving and shape control of soft robots and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichuan Zhao
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfei Gao
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Qin
- Department of Engineering, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshan Wang
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Jakubska-Busse A, Janowicz MW, Ochnio L, Jackowska-Zduniak B, Ashbourn JMA. Mechanical Properties of Long Leaves: Experiment and Theory. Acta Biotheor 2021; 69:151-172. [PMID: 33128651 PMCID: PMC8119282 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-020-09397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The static properties of leaves with parallel venation from terrestrial orchids of the genus Epipactis were modelled as coupled elastic rods using the geometrically exact Cosserat theory and the resulting boundary-value problem was solved numerically using a method from Shampine, Muir and Xu. The response of the leaf structure to the applied force was obtained from preliminary measurements. These measurements allowed the Young’s modulus of the Epipactis leaves to be determined. The appearance of wrinkles and undulation characteristics for some leaves has been attributed to the small torsional stiffness of the leaf edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jakubska-Busse
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - M W Janowicz
- Faculty of Applications of Informatics and Mathematics, Department of Applied Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - L Ochnio
- Faculty of Applications of Informatics and Mathematics, Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Jackowska-Zduniak
- Faculty of Applications of Informatics and Mathematics, Department of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J M A Ashbourn
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
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5
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Gosselin FP. Mechanics of a plant in fluid flow. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3533-3548. [PMID: 31198946 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants live in constantly moving fluid, whether air or water. In response to the loads associated with fluid motion, plants bend and twist, often with great amplitude. These large deformations are not found in traditional engineering application and thus necessitate new specialized scientific developments. Studying fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in botany, forestry, and agricultural science is crucial to the optimization of biomass production for food, energy, and construction materials. FSIs are also central in the study of the ecological adaptation of plants to their environment. This review paper surveys the mechanics of FSI on individual plants. I present a short refresher on fluid mechanics then dive into the statics and dynamics of plant-fluid interactions. For every phenomenon considered, I examine the appropriate dimensionless numbers to characterize the problem, discuss the implications of these phenomena on biological processes, and propose future research avenues. I cover the concept of reconfiguration while considering poroelasticity, torsion, chirality, buoyancy, and skin friction. I also assess the dynamical phenomena of wave action, flutter, and vortex-induced vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérick P Gosselin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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The Structure and Flexural Properties of Typha Leaves. Appl Bionics Biomech 2017; 2017:1249870. [PMID: 29123373 PMCID: PMC5662842 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1249870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Typha leaf has a structure of lightweight cantilever beam, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties with low density. Especially, the leaf blade evolved high strength and low density with high porosity. In this paper, the structure of Typha leaf was characterized by microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the relationship with flexural properties was analyzed. The three-point bending test was performed on leaves to examine flexural properties, which indicated that the flexural properties vary from the base to the apex in gradient. The cross-sectional geometry shape of the leaf blade presented a strong influence on the optimized flexural stiffness. The load carrying capacity of the leaf depended on the development level of the epidermal tissue, the vascular bundle, the mechanical tissue, and the geometric properties. The investigation can be the basis for lightweight structure design and the application in the bionic engineering field.
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Liu J, Zhang Z, Yu Z, Liang Y, Li X, Ren L. Experimental study and numerical simulation on the structural and mechanical properties of Typha leaves through multimodal microscopy approaches. Micron 2017; 104:37-44. [PMID: 29073496 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Typha leaf, with special multi-level structure, low density and excellent mechanical properties, is an ideal bionic prototype utilized for lightweight design. In order to further study the relationship between the structure and mechanical properties, the three-dimensional macroscopic morphology of Typha leaves was characterized by micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) and its internal microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The combination of experimental and computational research was carried out in this paper, to reveal and verify the effect of multi-level structure on the mechanical properties. A universal testing machine and a self-developed mechanical testing apparatus with high precision and low load were used to measure the mechanical properties of the axial compression and lateral bending of the leaves, respectively. Three models with different internal structures were established based on the above-mentioned three-dimensional morphologies. The result demonstrated that the structure of partitions and diaphragms within the Typha leaf could form a reinforcement ribs structure which could provide multiple load paths and make the process of compression and bending difficult. The further nonlinear finite element analysis through LS-DYNA proved that internal structure could improve the ability of the models to resist compression and deformation. The investigation can be the reference for lightweight thin-walled structure design and inspire the application of the bionic structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Engineering Bionic (Ministry of Education, China) and the College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Engineering Bionic (Ministry of Education, China) and the College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China; State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China.
| | - Zhenglei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Engineering Bionic (Ministry of Education, China) and the College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China.
| | - Yunhong Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Engineering Bionic (Ministry of Education, China) and the College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China; State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Engineering Bionic (Ministry of Education, China) and the College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Engineering Bionic (Ministry of Education, China) and the College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
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Zhao ZL, Zhou S, Xu S, Feng XQ, Xie YM. High-speed spinning disks on flexible threads. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13111. [PMID: 29030600 PMCID: PMC5640620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A common spinning toy, called “buzzer”, consists of a perforated disk and flexible threads. Despite of its simple construction, a buzzer can effectively transfer translational motions into high-speed rotations. In the present work, we find that the disk can be spun by hand at an extremely high rotational speed, e.g., 200,000 rpm, which is much faster than the previously reported speed of any manually operated device. We explore, both experimentally and theoretically, the detailed mechanics and potential applications of such a thread–disk system. The theoretical prediction, validated by experimental measurements, can help design and optimize the system for, e.g., easier operation and faster rotation. Furthermore, we investigate the synchronized motion of multiple disks spinning on a string. Distinctly different twist waves can be realized by the multi-disk system, which could be exploited in the control of mechanical waves. Finally, we develop two types of manually-powered electric generators based on the thread–disk system. The high-speed rotation of the rotors enables a pulsed high current, which holds great promise for potential applications in, for instance, generating electricity and harvesting energy from ocean waves and other rhythmic translational motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Zhao
- Centre for Innovative Structures and Materials, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Centre for Innovative Structures and Materials, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Shanqing Xu
- Centre for Innovative Structures and Materials, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- AML & CNMM, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Min Xie
- Centre for Innovative Structures and Materials, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia. .,XIE Archi-Structure Design (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Chirality-dependent flutter of Typha blades in wind. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28907. [PMID: 27432079 PMCID: PMC4949443 DOI: 10.1038/srep28907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattail or Typha, an emergent aquatic macrophyte widely distributed in lakes and other shallow water areas, has slender blades with a chiral morphology. The wind-resilient Typha blades can produce distinct hydraulic resistance for ecosystem functions. However, their stem may rupture and dislodge in excessive wind drag. In this paper, we combine fluid dynamics simulations and experimental measurements to investigate the aeroelastic behavior of Typha blades in wind. It is found that the chirality-dependent flutter, including wind-induced rotation and torsion, is a crucial strategy for Typha blades to accommodate wind forces. Flow visualization demonstrates that the twisting morphology of blades provides advantages over the flat one in the context of two integrated functions: improving wind resistance and mitigating vortex-induced vibration. The unusual dynamic responses and superior mechanical properties of Typha blades are closely related to their biological/ecosystem functions and macro/micro structures. This work decodes the physical mechanisms of chirality-dependent flutter in Typha blades and holds potential applications in vortex-induced vibration suppression and the design of, e.g., bioinspired flight vehicles.
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