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Park JE, Kwon SH, Lu Q, Choi HJ, Wie JJ. Synergistic Inclusion Effects of Hard Magnetic Nanorods on the Magnetomechanical Actuation of Soft Magnetic Microsphere-Based Polymer Composites. Small 2024; 20:e2305272. [PMID: 37702152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The magnetomechanical actuation of micropillars is developed for the contactless manipulation of miniaturized actuators and microtextured surfaces. Anisotropic geometry of micropillars can significantly enhance the magnetic actuation compared with their isotropic counterparts by directional stress distributions. However, this strategy is not viable for triangular micropillars owing to insufficient anisotropy. In this study, a significant improvement in the magnetic actuation of triangular micropillars using composite magnetic particles is reported. A minute and optimal amount of hard magnetic gamma-ferrite nanorods are hybridized with soft magnetic iron microspheres to generate synergistic effects of magnetic coupling and percolation phenomenon on the magnetic actuation of polymer composites. The addition of 1 wt% face-centered cubic-phased gamma-ferrite nanorods suppresses the magnetic coupling interference of body-centered cubic-phased iron microspheres. Furthermore, the nanorods reduce the percolation threshold by participating in the percolation of the microspheres. A systematic compositional study on the magnetization and magnetorheological properties reveals that the coupling effect dominates the percolation effect at a low magnetic field, whereas the percolation effect governs the magnetic actuation at a high magnetic field. This hybrid approach can help in designing material constituents for effective magnetic actuators and robotic systems that can sensitively respond to an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyuk Kwon
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Lu
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 22212, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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2
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Park JE, Je H, Kim CR, Park S, Yu Y, Cho W, Won S, Kang DJ, Han TH, Kwak R, Lee SG, Kim S, Wie JJ. Programming Anisotropic Functionality of 3D Microdenticles by Staggered-Overlapped and Multilayered Microarchitectures. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309518. [PMID: 38014492 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural sharkskin features staggered-overlapped and multilayered architectures of riblet-textured anisotropic microdenticles, exhibiting drag reduction and providing a flexible yet strong armor. However, the artificial fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) sharkskin with these unique functionalities and mechanical integrity is a challenge using conventional techniques. In this study, it is reported on the facile microfabrication of multilayered 3D sharkskin through the magnetic actuation of polymeric composites and subsequent chemical shape fixation by casting thin polymeric films. The fabricated hydrophobic sharkskin, with geometric symmetry breaking, achieves anisotropic drag reduction in frontal and backward flow directions against the riblet-textured microdenticles. For mechanical integrity, hard-on-soft multilayered mechanical properties are realized by coating the polymeric sharkskin with thin layers of zinc oxide and platinum, which have higher hardness and recovery behaviors than the polymer. This multilayered hard-on-soft sharkskin exhibits friction anisotropy, mechanical robustness, and structural recovery. Furthermore, coating the MXene nanosheets provides the fabricated sharkskin with a low electrical resistance of ≈5.3 Ω, which leads to high Joule heating (≈229.9 °C at 2.75 V). The proposed magnetomechanical actuation-assisted microfabrication strategy is expected to facilitate the development of devices requiring multifunctional microtextures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongmin Je
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ryean Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudong Park
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonuk Yu
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongbi Cho
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kang
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Han
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Rhokyun Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Choi J, Jeon J, Lee J, Nauman A, Lee JG, Cho W, Lee C, Cho Y, Wie JJ, Kim H. Steerable and Agile Light-Fueled Rolling Locomotors by Curvature-Engineered Torsional Torque. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2304715. [PMID: 37565602 PMCID: PMC10602523 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
On-demand photo-steerable amphibious rolling motions are generated by the structural engineering of monolithic soft locomotors. Photo-morphogenesis of azobenzene-functionalized liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCNs) is designed from spiral ribbon to helicoid helices, employing a 270° super-twisted nematic molecular geometry with aspect ratio variations of azo-LCN strips. Unlike the intermittent and biased rolling of spiral ribbon azo-LCNs with center-of-mass shifting, the axial torsional torque of helicoid azo-LCNs enables continuous and straight rolling at high rotation rates (≈720 rpm). Furthermore, center-tapered helicoid structures with wide edges are introduced for effectively accelerating photo-motilities while maintaining directional controllability. Irrespective of surface conditions, the photo-induced rotational torque of center-tapered helicoid azo-LCNs can be transferred to interacting surfaces, as manifested by steep slope climbing and paddle-like swimming multimodal motilities. Finally, the authors demonstrate continuous curvilinear guidance of soft locomotors, bypassing obstacles and reaching desired destinations through real-time on-demand photo-steering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Chan Choi
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringKyungpook National University41566DaeguRepublic of Korea
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology02792SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Program in Environmental and Polymer EngineeringInha University22212IncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Won Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringKyungpook National University41566DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Asad Nauman
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringKyungpook National University41566DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyeong Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano EngineeringHanyang University04763SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Human‐Tech Convergence ProgramHanyang University04763SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Woongbi Cho
- Department of Organic and Nano EngineeringHanyang University04763SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Human‐Tech Convergence ProgramHanyang University04763SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringKyungpook National University41566DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Young‐Min Cho
- School of Electronics EngineeringKyungpook National University41566DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Organic and Nano EngineeringHanyang University04763SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Human‐Tech Convergence ProgramHanyang University04763SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringHanyang University04763SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and TechnologyHanyang University04763SeoulRepublic of Korea
- The Research Institute of Industrial ScienceHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research InstituteState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNY13210USA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringState University of New York College of Enviromental Science and ForestrySyracuseNY13210USA
| | - Hak‐Rin Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringKyungpook National University41566DaeguRepublic of Korea
- School of Electronics EngineeringKyungpook National University41566DaeguRepublic of Korea
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Cho W, Hwang J, Lee SY, Park J, Han N, Lee CH, Kang SW, Urbas A, Kim JO, Ku Z, Wie JJ. Highly Sensitive and Cost-Effective Polymeric-Sulfur-Based Mid-Wavelength Infrared Linear Polarizers with Tailored Fabry-Pérot Resonance. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209377. [PMID: 36461881 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inverse-vulcanized polymeric sulfur has received considerable attention for application in waste-based infrared (IR) polarizers with high polarization sensitivities, owing to its high transmittance in the IR region and thermal processability. However, there have been few reports on highly sensitive polymeric sulfur-based polarizers by replication of pre-simulated dimensions to achieve a high transmission of the transverse magnetic field (TTM ) and extinction ratio (ER). Herein, a 400-nanometer-pitch mid-wavelength infrared bilayer linear polarizer with self-aligned metal gratings is introduced on polymeric sulfur gratings integrated with a spacer layer (SM-polarizer). The dimensions of the SM-polarizer can be closely replicated using pre-simulated dimensions via a systematic investigation of thermal nanoimprinting conditions. Spacer thickness is tailored from 40 to 5100 nm by adjusting the concentration of polymeric sulfur solution during spin-coating. A tailored spacer thickness can maximize TTM in the broadband MWIR region by satisfying Fabry-Pérot resonance. The SM-polarizer yields TTM of 0.65, 0.59, and 0.43 and ER of 3.12 × 103 , 5.19 × 103 , and 5.81 × 103 at 4 µm for spacer thicknesses of 90, 338, and 572 nm, respectively. This demonstration of a highly sensitive and cost-effective SM-polarizer opens up exciting avenues for infrared polarimetric imaging and for applications in polarization manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongbi Cho
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimmni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehwan Hwang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sang Yeon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseo Park
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Precision Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Han
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sang-Woo Kang
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Precision Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Augustine Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Jun Oh Kim
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimmni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimmni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimmni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimmni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Han N, Cho W, Hwang JH, Won S, Kim DG, Wie JJ. Enhancement of Thermomechanical Properties of Sulfur-rich Polymers by Post-Thermal Treatment. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01390h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sulfur-rich polymers have been applied in various fields including energy storage, mercury absorption, and infrared (IR) optics. However, sulfur-rich polymers typically exhibit insufficient thermomechanical properties for practical applications. Herein,...
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Meng X, Wang Y, Conte AJ, Zhang S, Ryu J, Wie JJ, Pu Y, Davison BH, Yoo CG, Ragauskas AJ. Applications of biomass-derived solvents in biomass pretreatment - Strategies, challenges, and prospects. Bioresour Technol 2023; 368:128280. [PMID: 36368492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomass pretreatment is considered a key step in the 2nd generation biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Research on conventional biomass pretreatment solvents has mainly been focused on carbohydrate conversion efficiency, while their hazardousness and/or carbon intensity were not comprehensively considered. Recent sustainability issues request further consideration for eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives like biomass-derived solvents. Carbohydrate and lignin-derived solvents have been proposed and investigated as green alternatives in many biomass processes. In this review, the applications of different types of biomass pretreatment solvents, including organic, ionic liquid, and deep eutectic solvents, are thoroughly discussed. The role of water as a co-solvent in these pretreatment processes is also reviewed. Finally, current research challenges and prospects of utilizing biomass-derived pretreatment solvents for pretreatment are discussed. Given bioethanol's market potential and increasing public awareness about environmental concerns, it will be a priority adopting sustainable and green biomass pretreatment solvents in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Yunxuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Austin J Conte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Jiae Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Brian H Davison
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center of Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA.
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7
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Park JE, Yoon S, Jeon J, Kim CR, Jhang S, Jeon T, Lee SG, Kim SM, Wie JJ. Multi-Modal Locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans by Magnetic Reconfiguration of 3D Microtopography. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203396. [PMID: 36316238 PMCID: PMC9798981 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized untethered soft robots are recently exploited to imitate multi-modal curvilinear locomotion of living creatures that perceive change of surrounding environments. Herein, the use of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is proposed as a microscale model capable of curvilinear locomotion with mechanosensing, controlled by magnetically reconfigured 3D microtopography. Static entropic microbarriers prevent C. elegans from randomly swimming with the omega turns and provide linear translational locomotion with velocity of ≈0.14 BL s-1 . This velocity varies from ≈0.09 (for circumventing movement) to ≈0.46 (for climbing) BL s-1 , depending on magnetic bending and twisting actuation coupled with assembly of microbarriers. Furthermore, different types of neuronal mutants prevent C. elegans from implementing certain locomotion modes, indicating the potential for investigating the correlation between neurons and mechanosensing functions. This strategy promotes a platform for the contactless manipulation of miniaturized biobots and initiates interdisciplinary research for investigating sensory neurons and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- The Research Institute of Industrial ScienceHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer EngineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioengineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Program in Environmental and Polymer EngineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ryean Kim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Saebohm Jhang
- Program in Environmental and Polymer EngineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Joon Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioengineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioengineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Organic and Nano EngineeringHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
- Human‐Tech Convergence ProgramHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
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Park JE, Jeon J, Park SJ, Won S, Ku Z, Wie JJ. On-Demand Dynamic Chirality Selection in Flower Corolla-like Micropillar Arrays. ACS Nano 2022; 16:18101-18109. [PMID: 36282603 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chiral morphology has been intensively studied in various fields including biology, organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and optics. On-demand and dynamic chiral inversion not only cannot be realized in most intrinsically chiral materials but also has mostly been limited to chemical or light-induced methods. Herein, we report reversible real-time magneto-mechanical chiral inversion of a three-dimensional (3D) micropillar array between achiral, clockwise, and counterclockwise chiral arrangements. Inspired by the flower corolla, achiral arrays of five and six radially arranged semicylindrical micropillars were employed as model systems to investigate the dynamic symmetry properties of arrays consisting of odd and even numbers of micropillars, respectively. Each micropillar underwent twisting actuation with a different twisting angle depending on the angle with the magnetic field direction and magnetic flux density, thereby collectively changing the chirality from the achiral to chiral state. Importantly, the morphological handedness of the micropillars was inverted within a few seconds by manipulating the direction of the magnetic field. A chiral morphology consisting of magnetically twisted micropillars was shape-fixed by the introduction of a polymeric binder. This binder could be simply washed off to return the shape-fixed twisted micropillars to their initial straight state. Magnetically programmable and reproducible 3D flower corolla-like micropillar arrays are expected to expand the potential of shape-reconfigurable devices that require real-time chiral manipulation in ambient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Jin Park
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 944550, United States
| | - Sukyoung Won
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Jeon J, Choi H, Cho W, Hong J, Youk JH, Wie JJ. Height-Tunable Replica Molding Using Viscous Polymeric Resins. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:428-433. [PMID: 35575341 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Replica molding is one of the most common and low-cost methods for constructing microstructures for various applications, including dry adhesives, optics, tissue engineering, and strain sensors. However, replica molding provides only a single-height microstructure from a mold and master molds produced by an expensive photolithography process are required to prepare microstructures with different heights. Herein, we present a strategy to control the height of micropillars from the same mold by varying the cavity size of the micromold and the viscosity of the photocurable polyimide resin. The height of the constructed micropillar decreases in the case of small microcavities or high viscosity resin. In addition, the height of the micropillar arrays could be arbitrarily patterned by applying a masking technique. We believe that this cost-effective technique can be applied to metasurfaces for manipulation of electromagnetic signal or in biomedical applications including cell-culture and stem-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Jeon
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Howon Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Woongbi Cho
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jeonghyuck Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Ji Ho Youk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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Abstract
Chain-like magnetic self-organizations have been documented for micron/submicron-scale magnetic particles. However, the positions of the particles are not stationary in a sustaining fluid owing to Brownian translational motion, resulting in irregular magnetic self-assembly. Toward the development of a programmable and reversible magnetic self-assembly, we report a stepwise collective magnetic self-assembly with periodic polymeric micropillar arrays containing magnetic particles. Under an external magnetic field, the individual micropillar acts as a micromagnet; magnetic polarities of embedded ferromagnetic particles are arranged in the same direction. The nearest pillar tops undergo a pairwise assembly owing to the anisotropic quadrupolar interaction, whereas the pillar bases remain stationary because of the presence of a magnetically inert substrate. By increasing the magnetic flux density, a collective quad-body assembly of vicinal paired micropillars is accomplished, finally leading to long-range connectivity of the pillar tops. Simple evaporation of the polymeric solution yields shape-fixation of the connected micropillar architectures even after magnetic fields are removed. We investigate geometric effects on this stepwise collective magnetic self-assembly using rectangular, square, and circular micropillars. Also, we demonstrate spatially selective magnetic self-assembly (e.g., arbitrary letters) using a masking technique. Finally, we demonstrate on-demand programming of bidirectional liquid spreading through long-range ordered magnetic self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Jin Park
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 944550, United States
| | - Augustine Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Wang DH, Lee KM, Lee DH, Baczkowski M, Lee JG, Wie JJ, Tan LS. Intermolecular Interactions and Intramolecular Motions in Photomechanical Effect: Nonlinear Thermo- and Photomechanical Behaviors of Azobenzene-Functionalized Amide-Imide Block Copolymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:48127-48140. [PMID: 34601861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To discern multiple intertwined effects, a set of azobenzene-functionalized amide-imide block copolymers, azo(PA-co-PI)-x, where x is amide-block content, viz., [azoPA] = 25, 50, 75 mol %, was synthesized from 2,2-bis{4-[4-(4-aminophenyldiazenyl)phenoxy]phenyl}propane(azoBPA), 4,4'-oxydibenzoyl chloride (ODBC), and 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (OPDA). Including homopolymers (azoPA and azoPI), this series of amorphous azopolymers possesses a high glass-transition temperature (Tg > 210 °C) and a modulus (E' ∼ 1.23-2.50 GPa). Their photobending (ca. 23-90°) and photostress (ca. 250-380 kPa) were assessed in the form of cantilevers with a linearly polarized 445 nm light. Nonlinear composition/[azoPA] dependencies of the thermo- and photomechanical properties are correlated. As [azoPA] increases from 0 mol %; Tg, E', photostress, and photobending angle initially decrease to reach four separate minima for azo(PA-co-PI)-50; and then all increase with a higher [azoPA]. The trend considerations of film density, dynamic thermomechanical, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) measurements implicate that (i) intermolecular association and intramolecular segmental mobility collectively influence the photomechanical outcomes and (ii) two types of hydrogen bonding (HB), namely, amide-amide [HB-AA] and amide-imide [HB-AI] coexist in azo(PA-co-PI)-x copolymers, with [HB-AI] being largely responsible for photomechanical outcomes of azo(PA-co-PI)-x with [azoPA] <40-50 mol %, and [HB-AA] for [azoPA] >40-50 mol %. We hypothesize that the "U-shaped" photomechanical effect apparently stems from the cooperative "unzipping" of H bonds in the [HB-AA]* excited state with H bonds in [HB-AI]* being stabilized by electrostatic interactions inherent in an excited intermolecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wang
- Functional Materials Division, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXA, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Functional Materials Division, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXA, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Deborah H Lee
- Functional Materials Division, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXA, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Matthew Baczkowski
- Functional Materials Division, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXA, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Jae Gyeong Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Functional Materials Division, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXA, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
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12
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You R, Kang S, Lee C, Jeon J, Wie JJ, Kim TS, Yoon DK. Programmable Liquid Crystal Defect Arrays via Electric Field Modulation for Mechanically Functional Liquid Crystal Networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36253-36261. [PMID: 34310107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of mesogenic units determines mechanical response of the liquid crystal polymer network (LCN) film to heat. Here, we show an interesting approach to programming three-dimensional patterns of the LCN films with periodic topological defects generated by applying an electric field. The mechanical properties of three representative patterned LCN films were investigated in terms of the arrangement of mesogenic units through tensile testing. Remarkably, it was determined that LCN films showed enhanced toughness and ductility as defects increased in a given area, which is related to the elastic modulus mismatch that mitigates crack propagation. Our platform can also be used to modulate the frictional force of the patterned LCN films by varying the temperature, which can provide insight into the multiplex mechanical properties of LCN films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra You
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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13
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Park JE, Won S, Cho W, Kim JG, Jhang S, Lee JG, Wie JJ. Fabrication and applications of stimuli‐responsive micro/nanopillar arrays. Journal of Polymer Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Woongbi Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Saebohm Jhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyeong Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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14
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Jeon J, Tan ATL, Lee J, Park JE, Won S, Kim S, Bedewy M, Go J, Kim JK, Hart AJ, Wie JJ. High-Speed Production of Crystalline Semiconducting Polymer Line Arrays by Meniscus Oscillation Self-Assembly. ACS Nano 2020; 14:17254-17261. [PMID: 33232120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaporative self-assembly of semiconducting polymers is a low-cost route to fabricating micrometer and nanoscale features for use in organic and flexible electronic devices. However, in most cases, rate is limited by the kinetics of solvent evaporation, and it is challenging to achieve uniformity over length- and time-scales that are compelling for manufacturing scale-up. In this study, we report high-throughput, continuous printing of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) by a modified doctor blading technique with oscillatory meniscus motion-meniscus-oscillated self-assembly (MOSA), which forms P3HT features ∼100 times faster than previously reported techniques. The meniscus is pinned to a roller, and the oscillatory meniscus motion of the roller generates repetitive cycles of contact-line formation and subsequent slip. The printed P3HT lines demonstrate reproducible and tailorable structures: nanometer scale thickness, micrometer scale width, submillimeter pattern intervals, and millimeter-to-centimeter scale coverage with highly defined boundaries. The line width as well as interval of P3HT patterns can be independently controlled by varying the polymer concentration levels and the rotation rate of the roller. Furthermore, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) reveals that this dynamic meniscus control technique dramatically enhances the crystallinity of P3HT. The MOSA process can potentially be applied to other geometries, and to a wide range of solution-based precursors, and therefore will develop for practical applications in printed electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvin T L Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mostafa Bedewy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jamison Go
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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15
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Moon SM, Heo JE, Jeon J, Eom T, Jang D, Her K, Cho W, Woo K, Wie JJ, Shim BS. High crystallinity of tunicate cellulose nanofibers for high-performance engineering films. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117470. [PMID: 33357925 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tunicate cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have received widespread attention as renewable and eco-friendly engineering materials because of their high crystallinity and mechanical stiffness. Here, we report the effects of disintegration process conditions on structure-property relationships of tunicate CNFs. By varying the hydrolysis time, we could establish a correlation between crystallinity of the CNFs with linearity and stiffness, which produces different molecular ordering within their nanostructured films. Despite having identical raw materials, tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the resulting layered films varied widely, ranging from 95.6 to 205 MPa and from 1.08 to 2.37 W/mK respectively. Furthermore, nanolayered CNF films provided highly anisotropic thermal conductivities with an in- and through-plane ratio of 21.5. Our systematic investigations will provide general and practical strategies in tailoring material properties for emerging engineering applications, including flexible paper electronics, heat sink adhesives and biodegradable, implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Program in Environmental & Polymer Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Taesik Eom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Daseul Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Kyeonga Her
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Whirang Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20016, United States
| | - Kyungbae Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Program in Environmental & Polymer Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Bong Sup Shim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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16
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Park JE, Jeon J, Park SJ, Won S, Ku Z, Wie JJ. Enhancement of Magneto-Mechanical Actuation of Micropillar Arrays by Anisotropic Stress Distribution. Small 2020; 16:e2003179. [PMID: 32794323 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically active shape-reconfigurable microarrays undergo programmed actuation according to the arrangement of magnetic dipoles within the structures, achieving complex twisting and bending deformations. Cylindrical micropillars have been widely used to date, whose circular cross-sections lead to identical actuation regardless of the actuating direction. In this study, micropillars with triangular or rectangular cross-sections are designed and fabricated to introduce preferential actuation directions and explore the limits of their actuation. Using such structures, controlled liquid wetting is demonstrated on micropillar surfaces. Liquid droplets pinned on magnetic micropillar arrays undergo directional spreading when the pillars are actuated as depinning of the droplets is enabled only in certain directions. The enhanced deformation due to direction dependent magneto-mechanical actuation suggests that micropillar arrays can be fundamentally tailored to possess application specific responses and opens up opportunities to exploit more complex designs such as micropillars with polygonal cross sections. Such tunable wetting of liquids on microarray surfaces has potential to improve printing technologies via contactless reconfiguration of stamp geometry by magnetic field manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Jin Park
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 944550, USA
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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17
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Lee JH, Choi JC, Won S, Lee JW, Lee JG, Kim HR, Wie JJ. Light-driven complex 3D shape morphing of glassy polymers by resolving spatio-temporal stress confliction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10840. [PMID: 32616756 PMCID: PMC7331612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmable 3D shape morphing of hot-drawn polymeric sheets has been demonstrated using photothermal local shrinkage of patterned hinges. However, the hinge designs have been limited to simple linear hinges used to generate in-plane local folding or global curvature. Herein, we report an unprecedented design strategy to realize localized curvature engineering in 3D structures employing radial hinges and stress-releasing facets on 2D polymeric sheets. The shape and height of the 3D structures are readily controlled by varying the number of radial patterns. Moreover, they are numerically predictable by finite elemental modeling simulation with consideration of the spatio-temporal stress distribution, as well as of stress competition effects. Localized curvature engineering provides programming capabilities for various designs including soft-turtle-shell, sea-shell shapes, and saddle architectures with the desired chirality. The results of local curvilinear actuation with quantifiable stress implies options to advance the applicability of self-folded architectures embodying coexisting curved and linear geometric surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeok Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Chan Choi
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyeong Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Rin Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Jeon J, Park JE, Park SJ, Won S, Zhao H, Kim S, Shim BS, Urbas A, Hart AJ, Ku Z, Wie JJ. Shape-Programmed Fabrication and Actuation of Magnetically Active Micropost Arrays. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:17113-17120. [PMID: 32134249 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanotextured surfaces with reconfigurable textures can enable advancements in the control of wetting and heat transfer, directed assembly of complex materials, and reconfigurable optics, among many applications. However, reliable and programmable directional shape in large scale is significant for prescribed applications. Herein, we demonstrate the self-directed fabrication and actuation of large-area elastomer micropillar arrays, using magnetic fields to both program a shape-directed actuation response and rapidly and reversibly actuate the arrays. Specifically, alignment of magnetic microparticles during casting of micropost arrays with hemicylindrical shapes imparts a deterministic anisotropy that can be exploited to achieve the prescribed, large-deformation bending or twisting of the pillars. The actuation coincides with the finite element method, and we demonstrate reversible, noncontact magnetic actuation of arrays of tens of thousands of pillars over hundreds of cycles, with the bending and twisting angles of up to 72 and 61°, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate the use of the surfaces to control anisotropic liquid spreading and show that the capillary self-assembly of actuated micropost arrays enables highly complex architectures to be fabricated. The present technique could be scaled to indefinite areas using cost-effective materials and casting techniques, and the principle of shape-directed pillar actuation can be applied to other active material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Sei Jin Park
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bong Sup Shim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Augustine Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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19
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Kim Y, Park JE, Wie JJ, Yang SG, Lee DH, Jin YJ. Effects of Helix Geometry on Magnetic Guiding of Helical Polymer Composites on a Gastric Cancer Model: A Feasibility Study. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1014. [PMID: 32102338 PMCID: PMC7078772 DOI: 10.3390/ma13041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of soft-robot geometry on magnetic guiding to develop an efficient helical mediator on a three-dimensional (3D) gastric cancer model. Four different magnetically active helical soft robots are synthesized by the inclusion of 5-μm iron particles in polydimethylsiloxane matrices. The soft robots are named based on the diameter and length (D2-L15, D5-L20, D5-L25, and D5-L35) with samples having varied helical pitch and weight values. Then, the four samples are tested on a flat surface as well as a stomach model with various 3D wrinkles. We analyze the underlying physics of intermittent magnetomotility for the helix on a flat surface. In addition, we extract representative failure cases of magnetomotility on the stomach model. The D5-L25 sample was the most suitable among the four samples for a helical soft robot that can be moved to a target lesion by the magnetic-flux density of the stomach model. The effects of diameter, length, pitch, and weight of a helical soft robot on magnetomotility are discussed in order for the robot to reach the target lesion successfully via magnetomotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.E.P.)
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.E.P.)
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.E.P.)
| | - Su Geun Yang
- Department of New Drug Development, Inha University, School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea;
- The National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorders (NCEED), Incheon 22332, Korea
- Utah-Inha DDS & Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea;
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20
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Won S, Kim S, Park JE, Jeon J, Wie JJ. On-demand orbital maneuver of multiple soft robots via hierarchical magnetomotility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4751. [PMID: 31628315 PMCID: PMC6802085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic soft robots facilitate the battery-free remote control of soft robots. However, parallel control of multiple magnetic robots is challenging due to interference between robots and difficult maneuvers. Here we present the orbital maneuvering of manifold magnetic soft robots. Magneto-induced motion (magnetomotility) that includes the hierarchy of rotation and resultant revolution allows for the independent control of the robot's velocity and orbital radius. The soft robot achieves a speed of 60 body length (BL) s-1, which is approximately 50, 000 times faster with 1/7 the weight of the current lightest legged soft robot. The hierarchical magnetomotility is suitable for versatile locomotion such as stairs and uphill climbing, underwater and above water swimming. Owing to their swimming functionality, a swarm of such soft robots is capable of transportation of cargo. On-demand orbital maneuvering of magnetic soft robots provides a new methodology for concurrent actuation of multiple robots exhibiting collective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- World Class Smart Laboratory (WCSL), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Kim JG, Park JE, Won S, Jeon J, Wie JJ. Contactless Manipulation of Soft Robots. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3065. [PMID: 31547115 PMCID: PMC6804114 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, jointless soft robots have demonstrated various curvilinear motions unlike conventional robotic systems requiring complex mechanical joints and electrical design principles. The materials employed to construct soft robots are mainly programmable anisotropic polymeric materials to achieve contactless manipulation of miniaturized and lightweight soft robots through their anisotropic strain responsivity to external stimuli. Although reviews on soft actuators are extensive, those on untethered soft robots are scant. In this study, we focus on the recent progress in the manipulation of untethered soft robots upon receiving external stimuli such as magnetic fields, light, humidity, and organic solvents. For each external stimulus, we provide an overview of the working principles along with the characteristics of programmable anisotropic materials and polymeric composites used in soft robotic systems. In addition, potential applications for untethered soft robots are discussed based on the physicochemical properties of programmable anisotropic materials for the given external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gwang Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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22
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Shin JI, Cho SJ, Jeon J, Lee KH, Wie JJ. Three-dimensional micropatterning of semiconducting polymers via capillary force-assisted evaporative self-assembly. Soft Matter 2019; 15:3854-3863. [PMID: 31062802 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlled evaporative self-assembly of semiconducting polymers has mostly been studied on 2-dimensional flat substrates. In this study, we reported capillary-assisted evaporative self-assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene 2,5-diyl) (P3HT) into 3-D micro-ring patterns through the stick-slip phenomenon within a 3-dimensional cylinder. We deconvoluted the well-known two-step stick-slip phenomenon into three regimes through in situ monitoring of the P3HT self-assembly process using a high-speed camera: pinning and deposition; depinning and slip; and retraction regimes. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of various parameters associated with the self-assembly, including polymer concentration, tilt angle, magnetic field, and evaporation temperature, thus achieving self-assembled microarchitectures with diverse dimensions ranging from dots to lines and networks. The self-assembled microstructures were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by evaluating the fast Fourier transform image, surface coverage, fractal dimension and lacunarity of the micropatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Shin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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23
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Park JE, Jeon J, Cho JH, Won S, Jin HJ, Lee KH, Wie JJ. Magnetomotility of untethered helical soft robots. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11272-11280. [PMID: 35520257 PMCID: PMC9062993 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01775e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetically active helical soft robots were synthesized to achieve tether-less manipulation of the magnetomotility in order to avoid the on-board weight penalty and the distance restrictions originating from connection lines. Magnetic iron particles were dispersed in elastomeric polymer matrices and pre-cured in a two-dimensional film geometry, followed by post-curing in a three-dimensional (3D) helical geometry. To manipulate movements of the 3D helical soft robots, an external magnetic field was applied by placing a neodymium permanent magnet on a motorized linear translation stage. The 3D helical geometry of the soft robots enabled efficient maneuvering with local deformations and a low magnetic threshold for actuation by the introduction of the rolling resistance unlike the absence of the local deformations observed for rigid 3D coils. As rolling is induced by the action and reaction with the substrate, the helix angle causes divergence of the soft robots from linear translational motility. In order to regulate the directionality of rolling and to minimize temporal and spatial deviation of the soft robots, the magnitude of the magnetic flux density and the velocity of the permanent magnet on the linear stage were investigated. Magnetically active helical soft robots were synthesized to achieve efficient tether-less manipulation of the magnetomotility in order to avoid the on-board weight penalty and the distance restrictions originating from connection lines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Han Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Joon Jin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Republic of Korea
- World Class Smart Laboratory (WCSL)
- Inha University
| | - Kwang Hee Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Republic of Korea
- World Class Smart Laboratory (WCSL)
- Inha University
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24
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Choe JH, Jeon J, Lee ME, Wie JJ, Jin HJ, Yun YS. Nanoconfinement effects of chemically reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons on poly(vinyl chloride). Nanoscale 2018; 10:2025-2033. [PMID: 29322142 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposites with graphene-based nanocarbons (GNCs) have been extensively studied with emphasis on the percolation of nanofillers toward electrical, rheological, and mechanical reinforcement. In this study, we report an unusual indirect reinforcing phenomenon of highly defective GNCs dispersed in the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix via densification of the polymer packing originating from nanoscale confinement. Herein, chemically reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (C-rGONRs) are employed as a nanofiller. The inclusion of defective and oxygen-functionalized C-rGONRs resulted in a dramatic densification of the PVC host with extremely low C-rGONR loading, largely exceeding the theoretical calculation from a rule of mixture. Along with the densification, the glass transition temperature of PVC also increased by 28.6 °C at 0.1 wt% filler loading. Remarkably, the oxygen barrier property and mechanical toughness under tension for the PVC/C-rGONR nanocomposite were the maximum when the greatest densification occurred. The structure-property relationship of the nanocomposites has been discussed with an emphasis on the nanoscale confinement phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choe
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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25
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Eom T, Woo K, Cho W, Heo JE, Jang D, Shin JI, Martin DC, Wie JJ, Shim BS. Nanoarchitecturing of Natural Melanin Nanospheres by Layer-by-Layer Assembly: Macroscale Anti-inflammatory Conductive Coatings with Optoelectronic Tunability. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1908-1917. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Whirang Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 Du Pont
Hall, Newark Delaware 19716, United States
| | | | | | | | - David C. Martin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 Du Pont
Hall, Newark Delaware 19716, United States
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26
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Hong JY, Yun S, Wie JJ, Zhang X, Dresselhaus MS, Kong J, Park HS. Cartilage-inspired superelastic ultradurable graphene aerogels prepared by the selective gluing of intersheet joints. Nanoscale 2016; 8:12900-12909. [PMID: 27244686 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01986b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a cartilage-inspired superelastic and ultradurable nanocomposite strategy for the selective inclusion of viscoelastic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) into graphene sheet junctions to create effective stress-transfer pathways within three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogels (GAs). Inspired by the joint architectures in the human body, where small amounts of soft cartilage connect stiff (or hard) but hollow (and thus lightweight) bones, the 3D internetworked GA@PDMS achieves synergistic toughening. The resulting GA@PDMS nanocomposites exhibit fully reversible structural deformations (99.8% recovery even at a 90% compressive strain) and high compressive mechanical strength (448.2 kPa at a compressive strain of 90%) at repeated compression cycles. Owing to the combination of excellent mechanical and electrical properties, the GA@PDMS nanocomposites are used as signal transducers for strain sensors, showing very short response and recovery times (in the millisecond range) with reliable sensitivity and extreme durability. Furthermore, the proposed system is applied to electronic scales with a large detectable weight of about 4600 times greater than its own weight. Such bio-inspired cartilage architecture opens the door to fabricate new 3D multifunctional and mechanically durable nanocomposites for emerging applications, which include sensors, actuators, and flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
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27
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Hong JY, Yun S, Wie JJ, Zhang X, Dresselhaus MS, Kong J, Park HS. Correction: Cartilage-inspired superelastic ultradurable graphene aerogels prepared by the selective gluing of intersheet joints. Nanoscale 2016; 8:13079. [PMID: 27326802 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr90135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Cartilage-inspired superelastic ultradurable graphene aerogels prepared by the selective gluing of intersheet joints' by Jin-Yong Hong, et al., Nanoscale, 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01986b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
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28
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Zhao H, Wie JJ, Copic D, Oliver CR, Orbaek White A, Kim S, Hart AJ. High-Fidelity Replica Molding of Glassy Liquid Crystalline Polymer Microstructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:8110-7. [PMID: 26943057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline polymers have recently been engineered to exhibit complex macroscopic shape adaptivity, including optically- and thermally driven bending, self-sustaining oscillation, torsional motion, and three-dimensional folding. Miniaturization of these novel materials is of great interest for both fundamental study of processing conditions and for the development of shape-changing microdevices. Here, we present a scalable method for high-fidelity replica molding of glassy liquid crystalline polymer networks (LCNs), by vacuum-assisted replica molding, along with magnetic field-induced control of the molecular alignment. We find that an oxygen-free environment is essential to establish high-fidelity molding with low surface roughness. Identical arrays of homeotropic and polydomain LCN microstructures are fabricated to assess the influence of molecular alignment on the elastic modulus (E = 1.48 GPa compared to E = 0.54 GPa), and side-view imaging is used to quantify the reversible thermal actuation of individual LCN micropillars by high-resolution tracking of edge motion. The methods and results from this study will be synergistic with future advances in liquid crystalline polymer chemistry, and could enable the scalable manufacturing of stimuli-responsive surfaces for applications including microfluidics, tunable optics, and surfaces with switchable wetting and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University , 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Davor Copic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan , 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - C Ryan Oliver
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alvin Orbaek White
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan , 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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29
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Kim SK, Nguyen NA, Wie JJ, Park HS. Manipulating the glass transition behavior of sulfonated polystyrene by functionalized nanoparticle inclusion. Nanoscale 2015; 7:8864-8872. [PMID: 25909461 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale interfaces can modify the phase transition behaviors of polymeric materials. Here, we report the double glass transition temperature (Tg) behavior of sulfonated polystyrene (sPS) by the inclusion of 14 nm amine-functionalized silica (NH2-SiO2) nanoparticles, which is different from the single Tg behaviors of neat sPS and silica (SiO2)-filled sPS. The inclusion of 20 wt% NH2-SiO2 nanoparticles results in an increase of Tg by 9.3 °C as well as revealing a second Tg reduced by 44.7 °C compared to the Tg of neat sPS. By contrast, when SiO2 nanoparticles with an identical concentration and size to NH2-SiO2 are dispersed, sPS composites possess a single Tg of 7.3 °C higher than that of the neat sPS. While a nanoscale dispersion is observed for SiO2 nanoparticles, as confirmed by microscopic and X-ray scattering analyses, NH2-SiO2 nanoparticles show the coexistence of micron-scale clustering along with a nanoscale dispersion of the individual nanoparticles. The micro-phase separation contributes to the free volume induced Tg reduction by the plasticization effect, whereas the Tg increase originates from the polymer segment mobility constrained by nanoconfinement and the rigid amorphous fractions deriving from strong polymer-particle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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30
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Abstract
Dynamic control of shape can bring multifunctionality to devices. Soft materials capable of programmable shape change require localized control of the magnitude and directionality of a mechanical response. We report the preparation of soft, ordered materials referred to as liquid crystal elastomers. The direction of molecular order, known as the director, is written within local volume elements (voxels) as small as 0.0005 cubic millimeters. Locally, the director controls the inherent mechanical response (55% strain) within the material. In monoliths with spatially patterned director, thermal or chemical stimuli transform flat sheets into three-dimensional objects through controlled bending and stretching. The programmable mechanical response of these materials could yield monolithic multifunctional devices or serve as reconfigurable substrates for flexible devices in aerospace, medicine, or consumer goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor H Ware
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA. Azimuth Corporation, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Michael E McConney
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA. Azimuth Corporation, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Vincent P Tondiglia
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA. Leidos, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Timothy J White
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Wie
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Taylor H. Ware
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Timothy J. White
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
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32
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Abstract
The demand for graphene aerogel-based ECs with enhanced capacitance and mechanical properties has led to the development of diverse synthetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 420-751
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seok Park
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
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33
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Wie JJ, Wang DH, Tondiglia VP, Tabiryan NV, Vergara-Toloza RO, Tan LS, White TJ. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 24/2014. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201470087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Wie
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
- Azimuth Corporation; 4134 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 USA
| | - David H. Wang
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
- UES Inc.; 4401 Dayton Xenia Road Beavercreek OH 45432 USA
| | - Vincent P. Tondiglia
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
- Leidos Inc.; Dayton OH 45432 USA
| | - Nelson V. Tabiryan
- BEAM Engineering for Advanced Measurements Company; Winter Park FL 32789 USA
| | | | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
| | - Timothy J. White
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
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34
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Wie JJ, Wang DH, Tondiglia VP, Tabiryan NV, Vergara-Toloza RO, Tan LS, White TJ. Photopiezoelectric Composites of Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides and Polyvinylidene Fluoride. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:2050-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Wie
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
- Azimuth Corporation; 4134 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 USA
| | - David H. Wang
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
- UES Inc.; 4401 Dayton Xenia Road Beavercreek OH 45432 USA
| | - Vincent P. Tondiglia
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
- Leidos Inc.; Dayton OH 45432 USA
| | - Nelson V. Tabiryan
- BEAM Engineering for Advanced Measurements Company; Winter Park FL 32789 USA
| | | | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
| | - Timothy J. White
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH 45433 USA
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35
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Kim SK, Wie JJ, Mahmood Q, Park HS. Anomalous nanoinclusion effects of 2D MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets on the mechanical stiffness of polymer nanocomposites. Nanoscale 2014; 6:7430-7435. [PMID: 24879420 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymer inorganic nanosheet composites hold great promise in enhancing their physical and mechanical properties by increasing the interfacial area. Herein, we demonstrate the nanoinclusion effects of two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets on the mechanical properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer. At very small amounts of nanosheets (0.9 wt% for MoS2 and 2.0 wt% for WS2), nanocomposite films exhibit up to 65% improved mechanical properties than the neat PVA film because of strong non-covalent polymer-filler interactions by means of large contact area induced by the 2D geometry of nanosheets. As demonstrated by the decrease in the crystallinity of PVA and the increase in the glass transition temperature, 2D MoS2 is a more attractive filler than 2D WS2 in terms of reinforcing mechanical properties of PVA. These findings fit well with a modified Halpin-Tsai (H-T) model including a nanoscale interfacial layer that can support the observed reinforcements with extremely small 2D filler loadings. This study highlights the strong interplay between the polymer and inorganic nanosheets which plays an important role in greatly improving the mechanical stability of nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Wie
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ngoc A. Nguyen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Colin D. Cwalina
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jinglin Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - David C. Martin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Michael E. Mackay
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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37
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Wang DH, Wie JJ, Lee KM, White TJ, Tan LS. Impact of Backbone Rigidity on the Photomechanical Response of Glassy, Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402178z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Wang
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Timothy J. White
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
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38
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Li G, Wie JJ, Nguyen NA, Chung WJ, Kim ET, Char K, Mackay ME, Pyun J. Synthesis, self-assembly and reversible healing of supramolecular perfluoropolyethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 East University Boulevard Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Delaware; 201 DuPont Hall Newark Delaware 19716
| | - Ngoc A. Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Delaware; 201 DuPont Hall Newark Delaware 19716
| | - Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 East University Boulevard Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Eui Tae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; World Class University Program for Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids; Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; World Class University Program for Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids; Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Michael E. Mackay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Delaware; 201 DuPont Hall Newark Delaware 19716
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Delaware; 201 DuPont Hall Newark Delaware 19716
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 East University Boulevard Tucson Arizona 85721
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; World Class University Program for Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids; Seoul 151-744 Korea
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Chung WJ, Griebel JJ, Kim ET, Yoon H, Simmonds AG, Ji HJ, Dirlam PT, Glass RS, Wie JJ, Nguyen NA, Guralnick BW, Park J, Somogyi A, Theato P, Mackay ME, Sung YE, Char K, Pyun J. The use of elemental sulfur as an alternative feedstock for polymeric materials. Nat Chem 2013; 5:518-24. [PMID: 23695634 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An excess of elemental sulfur is generated annually from hydrodesulfurization in petroleum refining processes; however, it has a limited number of uses, of which one example is the production of sulfuric acid. Despite this excess, the development of synthetic and processing methods to convert elemental sulfur into useful chemical substances has not been investigated widely. Here we report a facile method (termed 'inverse vulcanization') to prepare chemically stable and processable polymeric materials through the direct copolymerization of elemental sulfur with vinylic monomers. This methodology enabled the modification of sulfur into processable copolymer forms with tunable thermomechanical properties, which leads to well-defined sulfur-rich micropatterned films created by imprint lithography. We also demonstrate that these copolymers exhibit comparable electrochemical properties to elemental sulfur and could serve as the active material in Li-S batteries, exhibiting high specific capacity (823 mA h g(-1) at 100 cycles) and enhanced capacity retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Kim SK, Kim DG, Lee A, Sohn HS, Wie JJ, Nguyen NA, Mackay ME, Lee JC. Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Block Copolymer Electrolytes with Nanoscale Ion-Conducting Channels for Lithium Ion Batteries. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301404q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul
151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul
151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeri Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul
151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Sung Sohn
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul
151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, 150
Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ngoc A. Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Michael E. Mackay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, 150
Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul
151-744, Republic of Korea
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Chung SK, Wie JJ, Park BY, Kim SC. Synthesis of Reactive Organifier for the Epoxy/layered Silicate Nanocomposite and the Properties of the Epoxy Nanocomposites. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320802595185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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