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Yi H, Chen G, Qiu S, Maxwell JT, Lin G, Criswell T, Zhang Y. Urine-derived stem cells genetically modified with IGF1 improve muscle regeneration. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2024; 12:64-87. [PMID: 38736619 PMCID: PMC11087207 DOI: 10.62347/qskh2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to determine the impact of human urine derived stem cells (USC) and genetically modified USC that were designed to overexpress myogenic growth factor IGF1 (USCIGF), on the regenerative capacity of cardiotoxin (CTX)-injured murine skeletal muscle. METHODS We overexpressed IGF1 in USC and investigated the alterations in myogenic capacity and regenerative function in cardiotoxin-injured muscle tissues. RESULTS Compared with USC alone, USCIGF1 activated the IGF1-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, significantly improved myogenic differentiation capacity in vitro, and enhanced the secretion of myogenic growth factors and cytokines. In addition, IGF1 overexpression increased the ability of USC to fuse with skeletal myocytes to form myotubes, regulated the pro-regenerative immune response and inflammatory cytokines, and increased myogenesis in an in vivo model of skeletal muscle injury. CONCLUSION Overall, USC genetically modified to overexpress IGF1 significantly enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating myogenic differentiation, paracrine effects, and cell fusion, as well as by modulating immune responses in injured skeletal muscles in vivo. This study provides a novel perspective for evaluating the myogenic function of USC as a nonmyogenic cell source in skeletal myogenesis. The combination of USC and IGF1 expression has the potential to provide a novel efficient therapy for skeletal muscle injury and associated muscular defects in patients with urinary incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Yi
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Spine Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guiting Lin
- Department of Urology, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Shoji M, Ohashi T, Nagase S, Yuri H, Ichihashi K, Takagishi T, Nagata Y, Nomura Y, Fukunaka A, Kenjou S, Miyake H, Hara T, Yoshigai E, Fujitani Y, Sakurai H, Dos Santos HG, Fukada T, Kuzuhara T. Possible involvement of zinc transporter ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8052. [PMID: 38609428 PMCID: PMC11014994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome spondylodysplastic type 3 (EDSSPD3, OMIM 612350) is an inherited recessive connective tissue disorder that is caused by loss of function of SLC39A13/ZIP13, a zinc transporter belonging to the Slc39a/ZIP family. We previously reported that patients with EDSSPD3 harboring a homozygous loss of function mutation (c.221G > A, p.G64D) in ZIP13 exon 2 (ZIP13G64D) suffer from impaired development of bone and connective tissues, and muscular hypotonia. However, whether ZIP13 participates in the early differentiation of these cell types remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation using a murine myoblast cell line (C2C12) as well as patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found that ZIP13 gene expression was upregulated by myogenic stimulation in C2C12 cells, and its knockdown disrupted myotubular differentiation. Myocytes differentiated from iPSCs derived from patients with EDSSPD3 (EDSSPD3-iPSCs) also exhibited incomplete myogenic differentiation. Such phenotypic abnormalities of EDSSPD3-iPSC-derived myocytes were corrected by genomic editing of the pathogenic ZIP13G64D mutation. Collectively, our findings suggest the possible involvement of ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation, and that EDSSPD3-iPSCs established herein may be a promising tool to study the molecular basis underlying the clinical features caused by loss of ZIP13 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Takuto Ohashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Saki Nagase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Haato Yuri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichihashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yuki Nomura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukunaka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sae Kenjou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hatsuna Miyake
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Emi Yoshigai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto-City, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
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3
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Careccia G, Mangiavini L, Cirillo F. Regulation of Satellite Cells Functions during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Critical Step in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:512. [PMID: 38203683 PMCID: PMC10778731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the generation of new myofibers after trauma, competitive physical activity, or disease. In this context, adult skeletal muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells (SCs), play a crucial role in regulating muscle tissue homeostasis and activating regeneration. Alterations in their number or function have been associated with various pathological conditions. The main factors involved in the dysregulation of SCs' activity are inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge on the role of SCs in skeletal muscle regeneration. It examines the changes in the activity of SCs in three of the most common and severe muscle disorders: sarcopenia, muscular dystrophy, and cancer cachexia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in their dysregulations is essential for improving current treatments, such as exercise, and developing personalized approaches to reactivate SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Careccia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Otomo J, Woltjen K, Sakurai H. Uniform transgene activation in Tet-On systems depends on sustained rtTA expression. iScience 2023; 26:107685. [PMID: 37701566 PMCID: PMC10494183 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of the tetracycline-inducible gene expression system (Tet-On) in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has become a fundamental transgenic tool owing to its regulatable gene expression. One of the major hurdles in hiPSC application is non-uniform transgene activation. Here, we report that the supplementation of reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) in polyclonal hiPSCs populations can achieve the uniform transgene activation of Tet-On. Furthermore, the choice of antibiotic selection markers connected by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) can influence the expression of upstream transgenes. In particular, expression of the rtTA is more uniform in cell populations when linked to puromycin as compared to neomycin, obviating the need for sub-cloning or supplementation of rtTA. Finally, to expand the range of applications, we adopted our findings to tetracycline-inducible MyoD vector (Tet-MyoD). Our Tet-MyoD promises efficient, robust, and reproducible directed myogenic differentiation of hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Otomo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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5
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Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Cellular pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: progressive myofibre degeneration, chronic inflammation, reactive myofibrosis and satellite cell dysfunction. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11856. [PMID: 37846661 PMCID: PMC10811648 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a highly progressive muscle wasting disease of early childhood and characterized by complex pathophysiological and histopathological changes in the voluntary contractile system, including myonecrosis, chronic inflammation, fat substitution and reactive myofibrosis. The continued loss of functional myofibres and replacement with non-contractile cells, as well as extensive tissue scarring and decline in tissue elasticity, leads to severe skeletal muscle weakness. In addition, dystrophic muscles exhibit a greatly diminished regenerative capacity to counteract the ongoing process of fibre degeneration. In normal muscle tissues, an abundant stem cell pool consisting of satellite cells that are localized between the sarcolemma and basal lamina, provides a rich source for the production of activated myogenic progenitor cells that are involved in efficient myofibre repair and tissue regeneration. Interestingly, the self-renewal of satellite cells for maintaining an essential pool of stem cells in matured skeletal muscles is increased in dystrophin-deficient fibres. However, satellite cell hyperplasia does not result in efficient recovery of dystrophic muscles due to impaired asymmetric cell divisions. The lack of expression of the full-length dystrophin isoform Dp427-M, which is due to primary defects in the DMD gene, appears to affect key regulators of satellite cell polarity causing a reduced differentiation of myogenic progenitors, which are essential for myofibre regeneration. This review outlines the complexity of dystrophinopathy and describes the importance of the pathophysiological role of satellite cell dysfunction. A brief discussion of the bioanalytical usefulness of single cell proteomics for future studies of satellite cell biology is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.
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6
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Zhao S, Chen J, Wu L, Tao X, Yaqub N, Chang J. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11520. [PMID: 37511279 PMCID: PMC10380861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, which comprises a significant portion of the body, is responsible for vital functions such as movement, metabolism, and overall health. However, severe injuries often result in volumetric muscle loss (VML) and compromise the regenerative capacity of the muscle. Tissue-engineered muscles offer a potential solution to address lost or damaged muscle tissue, thereby restoring muscle function and improving patients' quality of life. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a valuable cell source for muscle tissue engineering due to their pluripotency and self-renewal capacity, enabling the construction of tissue-engineered artificial skeletal muscles with applications in transplantation, disease modelling, and bio-hybrid robots. Next-generation iPSC-based models have the potential to revolutionize drug discovery by offering personalized muscle cells for testing, reducing reliance on animal models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of iPSCs in tissue-engineered artificial skeletal muscles, highlighting the advancements, applications, advantages, and challenges for clinical translation. We also discussed overcoming limitations and considerations in differentiation protocols, characterization methods, large-scale production, and translational regulations. By tackling these challenges, iPSCs can unlock transformative advancements in muscle tissue engineering and therapeutic interventions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Zhao
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Jishizhan Chen
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Lei Wu
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Xin Tao
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naheem Yaqub
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Jinke Chang
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
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7
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Róg J, Oksiejuk A, Górecki DC, Zabłocki K. Primary mouse myoblast metabotropic purinoceptor profiles and calcium signalling differ with their muscle origin and are altered in mdx dystrophinopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9333. [PMID: 37291185 PMCID: PMC10250391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a consequence of progressive wasting of skeletal and cardiac muscle, where dystrophinopathy affects not only muscle fibres but also myogenic cells. Elevated activity of P2X7 receptors and increased store-operated calcium entry have been identified in myoblasts from the mdx mouse model of DMD. Moreover, in immortalized mdx myoblasts, increased metabotropic purinergic receptor response was found. Here, to exclude any potential effects of cell immortalization, we investigated the metabotropic response in primary mdx and wild-type myoblasts. Overall, analyses of receptor transcript and protein levels, antagonist sensitivity, and cellular localization in these primary myoblasts confirmed the previous data from immortalised cells. However, we identified significant differences in the pattern of expression and activity of P2Y receptors and the levels of the "calcium signalling toolkit" proteins between mdx and wild-type myoblasts isolated from different muscles. These results not only extend the earlier findings on the phenotypic effects of dystrophinopathy in undifferentiated muscle but, importantly, also reveal that these changes are muscle type-dependent and endure in isolated cells. This muscle-specific cellular impact of DMD may not be limited to the purinergic abnormality in mice and needs to be taken into consideration in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Róg
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Oksiejuk
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Krzysztof Zabłocki
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kodippili K, Rudnicki MA. Satellite cell contribution to disease pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1180980. [PMID: 37324396 PMCID: PMC10266354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1180980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle weakness and degeneration characterize Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal, x-linked neuromuscular disorder that affects 1 in 5,000 boys. Loss of dystrophin protein leads to recurrent muscle degeneration, progressive fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and dysfunction of skeletal muscle resident stem cells, called satellite cells. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for DMD. In this mini review, we discuss how satellite cells in dystrophic muscle are functionally impaired, and how this contributes to the DMD pathology, and the tremendous potential of restoring endogenous satellite cell function as a viable treatment strategy to treat this debilitating and fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Kodippili
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zabłocki K, Górecki DC. The Role of P2X7 Purinoceptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119434. [PMID: 37298386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are inherited neuromuscular diseases, resulting in progressive disability and often affecting life expectancy. The most severe, common types are Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Limb-girdle sarcoglycanopathy, which cause advancing muscle weakness and wasting. These diseases share a common pathomechanism where, due to the loss of the anchoring dystrophin (DMD, dystrophinopathy) or due to mutations in sarcoglycan-encoding genes (LGMDR3 to LGMDR6), the α-sarcoglycan ecto-ATPase activity is lost. This disturbs important purinergic signaling: An acute muscle injury causes the release of large quantities of ATP, which acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). DAMPs trigger inflammation that clears dead tissues and initiates regeneration that eventually restores normal muscle function. However, in DMD and LGMD, the loss of ecto-ATPase activity, that normally curtails this extracellular ATP (eATP)-evoked stimulation, causes exceedingly high eATP levels. Thus, in dystrophic muscles, the acute inflammation becomes chronic and damaging. The very high eATP over-activates P2X7 purinoceptors, not only maintaining the inflammation but also tuning the potentially compensatory P2X7 up-regulation in dystrophic muscle cells into a cell-damaging mechanism exacerbating the pathology. Thus, the P2X7 receptor in dystrophic muscles is a specific therapeutic target. Accordingly, the P2X7 blockade alleviated dystrophic damage in mouse models of dystrophinopathy and sarcoglycanopathy. Therefore, the existing P2X7 blockers should be considered for the treatment of these highly debilitating diseases. This review aims to present the current understanding of the eATP-P2X7 purinoceptor axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Zabłocki
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
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Rossiaud L, Fragner P, Barbon E, Gardin A, Benabides M, Pellier E, Cosette J, El Kassar L, Giraud-Triboult K, Nissan X, Ronzitti G, Hoch L. Pathological modeling of glycogen storage disease type III with CRISPR/Cas9 edited human pluripotent stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163427. [PMID: 37250895 PMCID: PMC10213880 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the AGL gene encoding the glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE). The deficiency of this enzyme, involved in cytosolic glycogen degradation, leads to pathological glycogen accumulation in liver, skeletal muscles and heart. Although the disease manifests with hypoglycemia and liver metabolism impairment, the progressive myopathy is the major disease burden in adult GSDIII patients, without any curative treatment currently available. Methods: Here, we combined the self-renewal and differentiation capabilities of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with cutting edge CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to establish a stable AGL knockout cell line and to explore glycogen metabolism in GSDIII. Results: Following skeletal muscle cells differentiation of the edited and control hiPSC lines, our study reports that the insertion of a frameshift mutation in AGL gene results in the loss of GDE expression and persistent glycogen accumulation under glucose starvation conditions. Phenotypically, we demonstrated that the edited skeletal muscle cells faithfully recapitulate the phenotype of differentiated skeletal muscle cells of hiPSCs derived from a GSDIII patient. We also demonstrated that treatment with recombinant AAV vectors expressing the human GDE cleared the accumulated glycogen. Discussion: This study describes the first skeletal muscle cell model of GSDIII derived from hiPSCs and establishes a platform to study the mechanisms that contribute to muscle impairments in GSDIII and to assess the therapeutic potential of pharmacological inducers of glycogen degradation or gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Rossiaud
- CECS, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- UEVE U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, Evry, France
| | - Pascal Fragner
- CECS, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- UEVE U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Elena Barbon
- Genethon, Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, Evry, France
| | - Antoine Gardin
- Genethon, Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, Evry, France
| | - Manon Benabides
- CECS, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- UEVE U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Emilie Pellier
- CECS, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- UEVE U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | | | - Lina El Kassar
- CECS, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- UEVE U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Karine Giraud-Triboult
- CECS, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- UEVE U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Xavier Nissan
- CECS, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- UEVE U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- Genethon, Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, Evry, France
| | - Lucile Hoch
- CECS, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- UEVE U861, I-Stem, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
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Pinton L, Khedr M, Lionello VM, Sarcar S, Maffioletti SM, Dastidar S, Negroni E, Choi S, Khokhar N, Bigot A, Counsell JR, Bernardo AS, Zammit PS, Tedesco FS. 3D human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived bioengineered skeletal muscles for tissue, disease and therapy modeling. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:1337-1376. [PMID: 36792780 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue composed of multinucleated myofibers responsible for force generation that are supported by multiple cell types. Many severe and lethal disorders affect skeletal muscle; therefore, engineering models to reproduce such cellular complexity and function are instrumental for investigating muscle pathophysiology and developing therapies. Here, we detail the modular 3D bioengineering of multilineage skeletal muscles from human induced pluripotent stem cells, which are first differentiated into myogenic, neural and vascular progenitor cells and then combined within 3D hydrogels under tension to generate an aligned myofiber scaffold containing vascular networks and motor neurons. 3D bioengineered muscles recapitulate morphological and functional features of human skeletal muscle, including establishment of a pool of cells expressing muscle stem cell markers. Importantly, bioengineered muscles provide a high-fidelity platform to study muscle pathology, such as emergence of dysmorphic nuclei in muscular dystrophies caused by mutant lamins. The protocol is easy to follow for operators with cell culture experience and takes between 9 and 30 d, depending on the number of cell lineages in the construct. We also provide examples of applications of this advanced platform for testing gene and cell therapies in vitro, as well as for in vivo studies, providing proof of principle of its potential as a tool to develop next-generation neuromuscular or musculoskeletal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Moustafa Khedr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Valentina M Lionello
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Shilpita Sarcar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara M Maffioletti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
| | - Sumitava Dastidar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Elisa Negroni
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Research in Myology UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute AIM, Paris, France
| | - SungWoo Choi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Noreen Khokhar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Bigot
- Center for Research in Myology UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute AIM, Paris, France
| | - John R Counsell
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Andreia Sofia Bernardo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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12
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Zhang HL, Li Z, Cheng QS, Chen X, Zhang C, Zeng T. In vitro myogenesis activation of specific muscle-derived stem cells from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Transpl Immunol 2023; 77:101796. [PMID: 36764333 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) contribute to the repair of injured muscles. However, the myogenicity of MDSCs generated from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) relative to healthy individuals remains unclear. METHODS A human DMD model was established using the stem cells prepared from muscle derived from patients with DMD (DMD-hMDSCs). The expression of myogenic lineage-specific markers in MDSCs was examined with immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS It was demonstrated that, compared with cells from healthy subjects, DMD-hMDSCs are primed to self-differentiate in growth-inducing medium (GM) and robustly differentiate into myotubes in differentiation-inducing medium(DM). This feature was termed "myogenesis activation," and it was speculated that it contributes to the depletion of myogenic progenitors. Furthermore, MDSCs consistently express pax7, but the time-course of this expression does not correlate with the expression of the myogenic lineage-specific markers. CONCLUSIONS The myogenesis activation in DMD-hMDSCs demonstrated in this study may provide novel mechanistic insights into DMD pathogenesis and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.
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13
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Gόrecki DC, Rumney RMH. The P2X7 purinoceptor in pathogenesis and treatment of dystrophino- and sarcoglycanopathies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 69:102357. [PMID: 36842388 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophinopathy and sarcoglycanopathies are incurable diseases caused by mutations in the genes encoding dystrophin or members of the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC). Restoration of the missing dystrophin or sarcoglycans via genetic approaches is complicated by the downsides of personalised medicines and immune responses against re-expressed proteins. Thus, the targeting of disease mechanisms downstream from the mutant protein has a strong translational potential. Acute muscle damage causes release of large quantities of ATP, which activates P2X7 purinoceptors, resulting in inflammation that clears dead tissues and triggers regeneration. However, in dystrophic muscles, loss of α-sarcoglycan ecto-ATPase activity further elevates extracellular ATP (eATP) levels, exacerbating the pathology. Moreover, seemingly compensatory P2X7 upregulation in dystrophic muscle cells, combined with high eATP leads to further damage. Accordingly, P2X7 blockade alleviated dystrophic damage in mouse models of both dystrophinopathy and sarcoglycanopathy. Existing P2X7 blockers could be re-purposed for the treatment of these highly debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz C Gόrecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Robin M H Rumney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
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14
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Yamashita Y, Nakada S, Nakamura K, Sakurai H, Ohno K, Goto T, Mabuchi Y, Akazawa C, Hattori N, Arikawa-Hirasawa E. Evaluation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from a Patient with Schwartz–Jampel Syndrome Revealed Distinct Hyperexcitability in the Skeletal Muscles. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030814. [PMID: 36979792 PMCID: PMC10045278 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwartz–Jampel syndrome (SJS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), which encodes the core basement membrane protein perlecan. Myotonia is a major criterion for the diagnosis of SJS; however, its evaluation is based solely on physical examination and can be challenging in neonates and young children. Furthermore, the pathomechanism underlying SJS-related myotonia is not fully understood, and effective treatments for SJS are limited. Here, we established a cellular model of SJS using patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells. This model exhibited hyper-responsiveness to acetylcholine as a result of abnormalities in the perlecan molecule, which were confirmed via comparison of their calcium imaging with calcium imaging of satellite cells derived from Hspg2−/−-Tg mice, which exhibit myotonic symptoms similar to SJS symptoms. Therefore, our results confirm the utility of creating cellular models for investigating SJS and their application in evaluating myotonia in clinical cases, while also providing a useful tool for the future screening of SJS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yamashita
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakada
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohide Goto
- Department of Neurology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Intractable Disease Research Centre, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Intractable Disease Research Centre, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111
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15
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Caron L, Testa S, Magdinier F. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Physiological and Pathological Striated Muscle Complexity. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:761-776. [PMID: 37522215 PMCID: PMC10578229 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are a large group of diseases associated with either alterations of skeletal muscle fibers, motor neurons or neuromuscular junctions. Most of these diseases is characterized with muscle weakness or wasting and greatly alter the life of patients. Animal models do not always recapitulate the phenotype of patients. The development of innovative and representative human preclinical models is thus strongly needed for modeling the wide diversity of NMDs, characterization of disease-associated variants, investigation of novel genes function, or the development of therapies. Over the last decade, the use of patient's derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) has resulted in tremendous progress in biomedical research, including for NMDs. Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue with multinucleated muscle fibers supported by a dense extracellular matrix and multiple cell types including motor neurons required for the contractile activity. Major challenges need now to be tackled by the scientific community to increase maturation of muscle fibers in vitro, in particular for modeling adult-onset diseases affecting this tissue (neuromuscular disorders, cachexia, sarcopenia) and the evaluation of therapeutic strategies. In the near future, rapidly evolving bioengineering approaches applied to hiPSC will undoubtedly become highly instrumental for investigating muscle pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Caron
- Aix-Marseille Univ-INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
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16
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Smits A, Annaert P, Cavallaro G, De Cock PAJG, de Wildt SN, Kindblom JM, Lagler FB, Moreno C, Pokorna P, Schreuder MF, Standing JF, Turner MA, Vitiello B, Zhao W, Weingberg AM, Willmann R, van den Anker J, Allegaert K. Current knowledge, challenges and innovations in developmental pharmacology: A combined conect4children Expert Group and European Society for Developmental, Perinatal and Paediatric Pharmacology White Paper. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:4965-4984. [PMID: 34180088 PMCID: PMC9787161 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental pharmacology describes the impact of maturation on drug disposition (pharmacokinetics, PK) and drug effects (pharmacodynamics, PD) throughout the paediatric age range. This paper, written by a multidisciplinary group of experts, summarizes current knowledge, and provides suggestions to pharmaceutical companies, regulatory agencies and academicians on how to incorporate the latest knowledge regarding developmental pharmacology and innovative techniques into neonatal and paediatric drug development. Biological aspects of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion throughout development are summarized. Although this area made enormous progress during the last two decades, remaining knowledge gaps were identified. Minimal risk and burden designs allow for optimally informative but minimally invasive PK sampling, while concomitant profiling of drug metabolites may provide additional insight in the unique PK behaviour in children. Furthermore, developmental PD needs to be considered during drug development, which is illustrated by disease- and/or target organ-specific examples. Identifying and testing PD targets and effects in special populations, and application of age- and/or population-specific assessment tools are discussed. Drug development plans also need to incorporate innovative techniques such as preclinical models to study therapeutic strategies, and shift from sequential enrolment of subgroups, to more rational designs. To stimulate appropriate research plans, illustrations of specific PK/PD-related as well as drug safety-related challenges during drug development are provided. The suggestions made in this joint paper of the Innovative Medicines Initiative conect4children Expert group on Developmental Pharmacology and the European Society for Developmental, Perinatal and Paediatric Pharmacology, should facilitate all those involved in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Smits
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neonatal intensive Care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- Neonatal intensive care unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pieter A J G De Cock
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jenny M Kindblom
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian B Lagler
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Clinical Research Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Pokorna
- Intensive Care and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph F Standing
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Turner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | | | | | - John van den Anker
- Intensive Care and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Gosselin MRF, Mournetas V, Borczyk M, Verma S, Occhipinti A, Róg J, Bozycki L, Korostynski M, Robson SC, Angione C, Pinset C, Gorecki DC. Loss of full-length dystrophin expression results in major cell-autonomous abnormalities in proliferating myoblasts. eLife 2022; 11:75521. [PMID: 36164827 PMCID: PMC9514850 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects myofibers and muscle stem cells, causing progressive muscle degeneration and repair defects. It was unknown whether dystrophic myoblasts—the effector cells of muscle growth and regeneration—are affected. Using transcriptomic, genome-scale metabolic modelling and functional analyses, we demonstrate, for the first time, convergent abnormalities in primary mouse and human dystrophic myoblasts. In Dmdmdx myoblasts lacking full-length dystrophin, the expression of 170 genes was significantly altered. Myod1 and key genes controlled by MyoD (Myog, Mymk, Mymx, epigenetic regulators, ECM interactors, calcium signalling and fibrosis genes) were significantly downregulated. Gene ontology analysis indicated enrichment in genes involved in muscle development and function. Functionally, we found increased myoblast proliferation, reduced chemotaxis and accelerated differentiation, which are all essential for myoregeneration. The defects were caused by the loss of expression of full-length dystrophin, as similar and not exacerbated alterations were observed in dystrophin-null Dmdmdx-βgeo myoblasts. Corresponding abnormalities were identified in human DMD primary myoblasts and a dystrophic mouse muscle cell line, confirming the cross-species and cell-autonomous nature of these defects. The genome-scale metabolic analysis in human DMD myoblasts showed alterations in the rate of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, leukotriene metabolism, and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of various fatty acids. These results reveal the disease continuum: DMD defects in satellite cells, the myoblast dysfunction affecting muscle regeneration, which is insufficient to counteract muscle loss due to myofiber instability. Contrary to the established belief, our data demonstrate that DMD abnormalities occur in myoblasts, making these cells a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime R F Gosselin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland
| | - Suraj Verma
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Occhipinti
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Róg
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Bozycki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Korostynski
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland
| | - Samuel C Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Angione
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dariusz C Gorecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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18
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Billich N, Adams J, Carroll K, Truby H, Evans M, Ryan MM, Davidson ZE. The Relationship between Obesity and Clinical Outcomes in Young People with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163304. [PMID: 36014811 PMCID: PMC9412587 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked neuromuscular disorder. Young people with DMD have high rates of obesity. There is emerging evidence that a higher BMI may negatively affect clinical outcomes in DMD. This study aimed to explore the relationship between obesity and clinical outcomes in DMD. Methods: This was a retrospective clinical audit of young people (two–21 years) with DMD. Height and weight were collected to calculate BMI z-scores to classify obesity, overweight and no overweight or obesity (reference category). Cox proportional hazards models determined the impact of obesity at five to nine years on clinical milestones including time to: loss of ambulation, timed function test cut-offs, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) diagnosis and first fracture. Results: 158 young people with DMD were included; most (89.9%) were steroid-treated. Mean follow-up was 8.7 ± 4.7 years. Obesity prevalence increased from age five (16.7%) to 11 years (50.6%). Boys with obesity at nine years sustained a fracture earlier (hazard ratio, HR: 2.050; 95% CI: 1.038–4.046). Boys with obesity at six to nine years were diagnosed with OSA earlier (e.g., obesity nine years HR: 2.883; 95% CI: 1.481–5.612). Obesity at eight years was associated with a 10 m walk/run in 7–10 s occurring at an older age (HR: 0.428; 95% CI: 0.207–0.887), but did not impact other physical function milestones. Conclusions: Although 50% of boys with DMD developed early obesity, the impact of obesity on physical function remains unclear. Obesity puts boys with DMD at risk of OSA and fractures at a younger age. Early weight management interventions are therefore important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassja Billich
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Neurology Department, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Justine Adams
- Neurology Department, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Carroll
- Neurology Department, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Maureen Evans
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Monique M. Ryan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Neurology Department, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne University, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zoe E. Davidson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Neurology Department, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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19
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Carraro E, Rossi L, Maghin E, Canton M, Piccoli M. 3D in vitro Models of Pathological Skeletal Muscle: Which Cells and Scaffolds to Elect? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:941623. [PMID: 35898644 PMCID: PMC9313593 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.941623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a fundamental tissue of the human body with great plasticity and adaptation to diseases and injuries. Recreating this tissue in vitro helps not only to deepen its functionality, but also to simulate pathophysiological processes. In this review we discuss the generation of human skeletal muscle three-dimensional (3D) models obtained through tissue engineering approaches. First, we present an overview of the most severe myopathies and the two key players involved: the variety of cells composing skeletal muscle tissue and the different components of its extracellular matrix. Then, we discuss the peculiar characteristics among diverse in vitro models with a specific focus on cell sources, scaffold composition and formulations, and fabrication techniques. To conclude, we highlight the efficacy of 3D models in mimicking patient-specific myopathies, deepening muscle disease mechanisms or investigating possible therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Carraro
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Rossi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Maghin
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Canton
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Martina Piccoli,
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20
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Skeletal Muscle Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Platform for Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061428. [PMID: 35740450 PMCID: PMC9220148 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD), caused by mutations in 29 different genes, are the fourth most prevalent group of genetic muscle diseases. Although the link between LGMD and its genetic origins has been determined, LGMD still represent an unmet medical need. Here, we describe a platform for modeling LGMD based on the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Thanks to the self-renewing and pluripotency properties of hiPSC, this platform provides a renewable and an alternative source of skeletal muscle cells (skMC) to primary, immortalized, or overexpressing cells. We report that skMC derived from hiPSC express the majority of the genes and proteins that cause LGMD. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the importance of this cellular model for studying LGMDR9 by evaluating disease-specific phenotypes in skMC derived from hiPSC obtained from four patients.
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21
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Mashinchian O, De Franceschi F, Nassiri S, Michaud J, Migliavacca E, Aouad P, Metairon S, Pruvost S, Karaz S, Fabre P, Molina T, Stuelsatz P, Hegde N, Le Moal E, Dammone G, Dumont NA, Lutolf MP, Feige JN, Bentzinger CF. An engineered multicellular stem cell niche for the 3D derivation of human myogenic progenitors from iPSCs. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110655. [PMID: 35703167 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fate decisions in the embryo are controlled by a plethora of microenvironmental interactions in a three-dimensional niche. To investigate whether aspects of this microenvironmental complexity can be engineered to direct myogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) differentiation, we here screened murine cell types present in the developmental or adult stem cell niche in heterotypic suspension embryoids. We identified embryonic endothelial cells and fibroblasts as highly permissive for myogenic specification of hiPSCs. After two weeks of sequential Wnt and FGF pathway induction, these three-component embryoids are enriched in Pax7-positive embryonic-like myogenic progenitors that can be isolated by flow cytometry. Myogenic differentiation of hiPSCs in heterotypic embryoids relies on a specialized structural microenvironment and depends on MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and Notch signaling. After transplantation in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, embryonic-like myogenic progenitors repopulate the stem cell niche, reactivate after repeated injury, and, compared to adult human myoblasts, display enhanced fusion and lead to increased muscle function. Altogether, we provide a two-week protocol for efficient and scalable suspension-based 3D derivation of Pax7-positive myogenic progenitors from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sina Nassiri
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joris Michaud
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Aouad
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Solenn Pruvost
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Fabre
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Molina
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Stuelsatz
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nagabhooshan Hegde
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmeran Le Moal
- Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriele Dammone
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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22
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Fujiwara K, Yamamoto R, Kubota T, Tazumi A, Sabuta T, Takahashi MP, Sakurai H. Mature Myotubes Generated From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Forced Gene Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886879. [PMID: 35706901 PMCID: PMC9189389 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising tool for disease modeling and drug screening. To apply them to skeletal muscle disorders, it is necessary to establish mature myotubes because the onset of many skeletal muscle disorders is after birth. However, to make mature myotubes, the forced expression of specific genes should be avoided, as otherwise dysregulation of the intracellular networks may occur. Here, we achieved this goal by purifying hiPSC-derived muscle stem cells (iMuSC) by Pax7-fluorescence monitoring and antibody sorting. The resulting myotubes displayed spontaneous self-contraction, aligned sarcomeres, and a triad structure. Notably, the phenotype of sodium channels was changed to the mature type in the course of the differentiation, and a characteristic current pattern was observed. Moreover, the protocol resulted in highly efficient differentiation and high homogeneity and is applicable to drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Fujiwara
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Yamamoto
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kubota
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Tazumi
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Sabuta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Iberite F, Gruppioni E, Ricotti L. Skeletal muscle differentiation of human iPSCs meets bioengineering strategies: perspectives and challenges. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:23. [PMID: 35393412 PMCID: PMC8991236 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle repairs itself following small injuries, genetic diseases or severe damages may hamper its ability to do so. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can generate myogenic progenitors, but their use in combination with bioengineering strategies to modulate their phenotype has not been sufficiently investigated. This review highlights the potential of this combination aimed at pushing the boundaries of skeletal muscle tissue engineering. First, the overall organization and the key steps in the myogenic process occurring in vivo are described. Second, transgenic and non-transgenic approaches for the myogenic induction of human iPSCs are compared. Third, technologies to provide cells with biophysical stimuli, biomaterial cues, and biofabrication strategies are discussed in terms of recreating a biomimetic environment and thus helping to engineer a myogenic phenotype. The embryonic development process and the pro-myogenic role of the muscle-resident cell populations in co-cultures are also described, highlighting the possible clinical applications of iPSCs in the skeletal muscle tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Iberite
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa (PI), Italy. .,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa (PI), Italy.
| | - Emanuele Gruppioni
- Centro Protesi INAIL, Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 40054, Vigorso di Budrio (BO), Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa (PI), Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa (PI), Italy
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24
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The Evolution of Complex Muscle Cell In Vitro Models to Study Pathomechanisms and Drug Development of Neuromuscular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071233. [PMID: 35406795 PMCID: PMC8997482 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neuromuscular disease entities possess a significant disease burden and therapeutic options remain limited. Innovative human preclinical models may help to uncover relevant disease mechanisms and enhance the translation of therapeutic findings to strengthen neuromuscular disease precision medicine. By concentrating on idiopathic inflammatory muscle disorders, we summarize the recent evolution of the novel in vitro models to study disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. A particular focus is laid on the integration and simulation of multicellular interactions of muscle tissue in disease phenotypes in vitro. Finally, the requirements of a neuromuscular disease drug development workflow are discussed with a particular emphasis on cell sources, co-culture systems (including organoids), functionality, and throughput.
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25
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Jalal S, Dastidar S, Tedesco FS. Advanced models of human skeletal muscle differentiation, development and disease: Three-dimensional cultures, organoids and beyond. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 73:92-104. [PMID: 34384976 PMCID: PMC8692266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models of human skeletal muscle tissue are increasingly needed to model complex developmental dynamics and disease mechanisms not recapitulated in animal models or in conventional monolayer cell cultures. There has been impressive progress towards creating such models by using tissue engineering approaches to recapitulate a range of physical and biochemical components of native human skeletal muscle tissue. In this review, we discuss recent studies focussed on developing complex in vitro models of human skeletal muscle beyond monolayer cell cultures, involving skeletal myogenic differentiation from human primary myoblasts or pluripotent stem cells, often in the presence of structural scaffolding support. We conclude with our outlook on the future of advanced skeletal muscle three-dimensional cultures (e.g. organoids and biofabrication) to produce physiologically and clinically relevant platforms for disease modelling and therapy development in musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Jalal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumitava Dastidar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, WC1N 3JH London, United Kingdom.
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26
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Yan L, Rodríguez-delaRosa A, Pourquié O. Human muscle production in vitro from pluripotent stem cells: Basic and clinical applications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:39-48. [PMID: 33941447 PMCID: PMC8530835 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types, offer tremendous therapeutic potential and invaluable flexibility as research tools. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in directing myogenic differentiation of human PSCs. The differentiation strategies, which were inspired by our knowledge of myogenesis in vivo, have provided an important platform for the study of human muscle development and modeling of muscular diseases, as well as a promising source of cells for cell therapy to treat muscular dystrophies. In this review, we summarize the current state of skeletal muscle generation from human PSCs, including transgene-based and transgene-free differentiation protocols, and 3D muscle tissue production through bioengineering approaches. We also highlight their basic and clinical applications, which facilitate the study of human muscle biology and deliver new hope for muscular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-delaRosa
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Uchimura T, Sakurai H. Orai1-STIM1 Regulates Increased Ca 2+ Mobilization, Leading to Contractile Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Phenotypes in Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111589. [PMID: 34829817 PMCID: PMC8615222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ overload is one of the factors leading to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) pathogenesis. However, the molecular targets of dystrophin deficiency-dependent Ca2+ overload and the correlation between Ca2+ overload and contractile DMD phenotypes in in vitro human models remain largely elusive. In this study, we utilized DMD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to differentiate myotubes using doxycycline-inducible MyoD overexpression, and searched for a target molecule that mediates dystrophin deficiency-dependent Ca2+ overload using commercially available chemicals and siRNAs. We found that several store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOC) inhibitors effectively prevented Ca2+ overload and identified that STIM1–Orai1 is a molecular target of SOCs. These findings were further confirmed by demonstrating that STIM1–Orai1 inhibitors, CM4620, AnCoA4, and GSK797A, prevented Ca2+ overload in dystrophic myotubes. Finally, we evaluated CM4620, AnCoA4, and GSK7975A activities using a previously reported model recapitulating a muscle fatigue-like decline in contractile performance in DMD. All three chemicals ameliorated the decline in contractile performance, indicating that modulating STIM1–Orai1-mediated Ca2+ overload is effective in rescuing contractile phenotypes. In conclusion, SOCs are major contributors to dystrophin deficiency-dependent Ca2+ overload through STIM1–Orai1 as molecular mediators. Modulating STIM1–Orai1 activity was effective in ameliorating the decline in contractile performance in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uchimura
- Center for iPSC Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (H.S.)
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPSC Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (H.S.)
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28
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Zabłocka B, Górecki DC, Zabłocki K. Disrupted Calcium Homeostasis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Common Mechanism behind Diverse Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11040. [PMID: 34681707 PMCID: PMC8537421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) leads to disability and death in young men. This disease is caused by mutations in the DMD gene encoding diverse isoforms of dystrophin. Loss of full-length dystrophins is both necessary and sufficient for causing degeneration and wasting of striated muscles, neuropsychological impairment, and bone deformities. Among this spectrum of defects, abnormalities of calcium homeostasis are the common dystrophic feature. Given the fundamental role of Ca2+ in all cells, this biochemical alteration might be underlying all the DMD abnormalities. However, its mechanism is not completely understood. While abnormally elevated resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is found in all dystrophic cells, the aberrant mechanisms leading to that outcome have cell-specific components. We probe the diverse aspects of calcium response in various affected tissues. In skeletal muscles, cardiomyocytes, and neurons, dystrophin appears to serve as a scaffold for proteins engaged in calcium homeostasis, while its interactions with actin cytoskeleton influence endoplasmic reticulum organisation and motility. However, in myoblasts, lymphocytes, endotheliocytes, and mesenchymal and myogenic cells, calcium abnormalities cannot be clearly attributed to the loss of interaction between dystrophin and the calcium toolbox proteins. Nevertheless, DMD gene mutations in these cells lead to significant defects and the calcium anomalies are a symptom of the early developmental phase of this pathology. As the impaired calcium homeostasis appears to underpin multiple DMD abnormalities, understanding this alteration may lead to the development of new therapies. In fact, it appears possible to mitigate the impact of the abnormal calcium homeostasis and the dystrophic phenotype in the total absence of dystrophin. This opens new treatment avenues for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zabłocka
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dariusz C. Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zabłocki
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Contractile Activity of Myotubes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102556. [PMID: 34685536 PMCID: PMC8534131 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder that results from deficiency of the dystrophin protein. In recent years, DMD pathological models have been created using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from DMD patients. In addition, gene therapy using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to repair the dystrophin gene has been proposed as a new treatment method for DMD. However, it is not known whether the contractile function of myotubes derived from gene-repaired iPS cells can be restored. We therefore investigated the maturation of myotubes in electrical pulse stimulation culture and examined the effect of gene repair by observing the contractile behaviour of myotubes. The contraction activity of myotubes derived from dystrophin-gene repaired iPS cells was improved by electrical pulse stimulation culture. The iPS cell method used in this study for evaluating muscle contractile activity is a useful technique for analysing the mechanism of hereditary muscular disease pathogenesis and for evaluating the efficacy of new drugs and gene therapy.
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30
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Ito K, Takakusa H, Kakuta M, Kanda A, Takagi N, Nagase H, Watanabe N, Asano D, Goda R, Masuda T, Nakamura A, Onishi Y, Onoda T, Koizumi M, Takeshima Y, Matsuo M, Takaishi K. Renadirsen, a Novel 2'OMeRNA/ENA ® Chimera Antisense Oligonucleotide, Induces Robust Exon 45 Skipping for Dystrophin In Vivo. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1267-1281. [PMID: 34698059 PMCID: PMC8928966 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disease caused by out-of-frame or nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene. It begins with a loss of ambulation between 9 and 14 years of age, followed by various other symptoms including cardiac dysfunction. Exon skipping of patients’ DMD pre-mRNA induced by antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) is expected to produce shorter but partly functional dystrophin proteins, such as those possessed by patients with the less severe Becker muscular dystrophy. We are working on developing modified nucleotides, such as 2′-O,4′-C-ethylene-bridged nucleic acids (ENAs), possessing high nuclease resistance and high affinity for complementary RNA strands. Here, we demonstrate the preclinical characteristics (exon-skipping activity in vivo, stability in blood, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution) of renadirsen, a novel AO modified with 2′-O-methyl RNA/ENA chimera phosphorothioate designed for dystrophin exon 45 skipping and currently under clinical trials. Notably, systemic delivery of renadirsen sodium promoted dystrophin exon skipping in cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and diaphragm, compared with AOs with the same sequence as renadirsen but conventionally modified by PMO and 2′OMePS. These findings suggest the promise of renadirsen sodium as a therapeutic agent that improves not only skeletal muscle symptoms but also other symptoms in DMD patients, such as cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ito
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1408710, Japan; (K.I.); (A.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideo Takakusa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1408710, Japan; (H.T.); (N.W.); (D.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Masayo Kakuta
- Medical Information Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chuo, Tokyo 1038426, Japan;
| | - Akira Kanda
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1408710, Japan; (K.I.); (A.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Nana Takagi
- Safety and Risk Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chuo, Tokyo 1038426, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Nagase
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1408710, Japan; (K.I.); (A.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Nobuaki Watanabe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1408710, Japan; (H.T.); (N.W.); (D.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Daigo Asano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1408710, Japan; (H.T.); (N.W.); (D.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Ryoya Goda
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1408710, Japan; (H.T.); (N.W.); (D.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1409710, Japan; (T.M.); (A.N.); (Y.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Akifumi Nakamura
- Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1409710, Japan; (T.M.); (A.N.); (Y.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Onishi
- Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1409710, Japan; (T.M.); (A.N.); (Y.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Toshio Onoda
- Intellectual Property Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1409710, Japan;
| | - Makoto Koizumi
- Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1409710, Japan; (T.M.); (A.N.); (Y.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Yasuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638501, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Research Center for Locomotion Biology, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi, Kobe 6512180, Japan;
| | - Kiyosumi Takaishi
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 1408710, Japan; (K.I.); (A.K.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Ebrahimi M, Lad H, Fusto A, Tiper Y, Datye A, Nguyen CT, Jacques E, Moyle LA, Nguyen T, Musgrave B, Chávez-Madero C, Bigot A, Chen C, Turner S, Stewart BA, Pegoraro E, Vitiello L, Gilbert PM. De novo revertant fiber formation and therapy testing in a 3D culture model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy skeletal muscle. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:227-244. [PMID: 34048976 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological basis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) pathology is only partially characterized and there are still few disease-modifying therapies available, therein underlying the value of strategies to model and study DMD. Dystrophin, the causative gene of DMD, is responsible for linking the cytoskeleton of muscle fibers to the extracellular matrix beyond the sarcolemma. We posited that disease-associated phenotypes not yet captured by two-dimensional culture methods would arise by generating multinucleated muscle cells within a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix environment. Herein we report methods to produce 3D human skeletal muscle microtissues (hMMTs) using clonal, immortalized myoblast lines established from healthy and DMD donors. We also established protocols to evaluate immortalized hMMT self-organization and myotube maturation, as well as calcium handling, force generation, membrane stability (i.e., creatine kinase activity and Evans blue dye permeability) and contractile apparatus organization following electrical-stimulation. In examining hMMTs generated with a cell line wherein the dystrophin gene possessed a duplication of exon 2, we observed rare dystrophin-positive myotubes, which were not seen in 2D cultures. Further, we show that treating DMD hMMTs with a β1-integrin activating antibody, improves contractile apparatus maturation and stability. Hence, immortalized myoblast-derived DMD hMMTs offer a pre-clinical system with which to investigate the potential of duplicated exon skipping strategies and those that protect muscle cells from contraction-induced injury. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder that is caused by mutation of the dystrophin gene. The biological basis of DMD pathology is only partially characterized and there is no cure for this fatal disease. Here we report a method to produce 3D human skeletal muscle microtissues (hMMTs) using immortalized human DMD and healthy myoblasts. Morphological and functional assessment revealed DMD-associated pathophysiology including impaired calcium handling and de novo formation of dystrophin-positive revertant muscle cells in immortalized DMD hMMTs harbouring an exon 2 duplication, a feature of many DMD patients that has not been recapitulated in culture prior to this report. We further demonstrate that this "DMD in a dish" system can be used as a pre-clinical assay to test a putative DMD therapeutic and study the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Heta Lad
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Aurora Fusto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Yekaterina Tiper
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Asiman Datye
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Christine T Nguyen
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Erik Jacques
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Louise A Moyle
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Thy Nguyen
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Brennen Musgrave
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Carolina Chávez-Madero
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris UMRS974, France
| | - Chun Chen
- Pliant Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Scott Turner
- Pliant Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Bryan A Stewart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Libero Vitiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Italy
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada.
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32
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Tan GW, Kondo T, Imamura K, Suga M, Enami T, Nagahashi A, Tsukita K, Inoue I, Kawaguchi J, Shu T, Inoue H. Simple derivation of skeletal muscle from human pluripotent stem cells using temperature-sensitive Sendai virus vector. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9586-9596. [PMID: 34510713 PMCID: PMC8505837 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types including skeletal muscles (SkM), and they are applied to regenerative medicine or in vitro modelling for intractable diseases. A simple differentiation method is required for SkM cells to accelerate neuromuscular disease studies. Here, we established a simple method to convert human pluripotent stem cells into SkM cells by using temperature‐sensitive Sendai virus (SeV) vector encoding myoblast determination protein 1 (SeV‐Myod1), a myogenic master transcription factor. SeV‐Myod1 treatment converted human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into SkM cells, which expressed SkM markers including myosin heavy chain (MHC). We then removed the SeV vector by temporal treatment at a high temperature of 38℃, which also accelerated mesodermal differentiation, and found that SkM cells exhibited fibre‐like morphology. Finally, after removal of the residual human ESCs by pluripotent stem cell‐targeting delivery of cytotoxic compound, we generated SkM cells with 80% MHC positivity and responsiveness to electrical stimulation. This simple method for myogenic differentiation was applicable to human‐induced pluripotent stem cells and will be beneficial for investigations of disease mechanisms and drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghee Wan Tan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mika Suga
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takako Enami
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsukita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
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33
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Perspectives on hiPSC-Derived Muscle Cells as Drug Discovery Models for Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179630. [PMID: 34502539 PMCID: PMC8431796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration and weakness of skeletal muscles, leading to disability and, often, premature death. To date, no effective therapies are available to halt or reverse the pathogenic process, and meaningful treatments are urgently needed. From this perspective, it is particularly important to establish reliable in vitro models of human muscle that allow the recapitulation of disease features as well as the screening of genetic and pharmacological therapies. We herein review and discuss advances in the development of in vitro muscle models obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells, which appear to be capable of reproducing the lack of myofiber proteins as well as other specific pathological hallmarks, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and reduced muscle regenerative potential. In addition, these platforms have been used to assess genetic correction strategies such as gene silencing, gene transfer and genome editing with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), as well as to evaluate novel small molecules aimed at ameliorating muscle degeneration. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges related to in vitro drug testing and provide a critical view of potential therapeutic developments to foster the future clinical translation of preclinical muscular dystrophy studies.
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34
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Animal models for researching approaches to therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:709-725. [PMID: 34409525 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a relatively widespread genetic disease which develops as a result of a mutation in the gene DMD encoding dystrophin. In this review, animal models of DMD are described. These models are used in preclinical studies to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease or to develop effective treatments; each animal model has its own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and zebrafish (sapje) are suitable for large-scale chemical screening of large numbers of small molecules, but their disease phenotype differs from that of mammals. The use of larger animals is important for understanding of the potential efficacy of various treatments for DMD. While mdx mice have their advantages, they exhibit a milder disease phenotype compared to humans or dogs, making it difficult to evaluate the efficacy of new treatment for DMD. The disease in dogs and pigs is more severe and progresses faster than in mice, but it is more difficult to breed and obtain sufficient numbers of specimens in order to achieve statistically significant results. Moreover, working with large animals is also more labor-intensive. Therefore, when choosing the optimal animal model for research, it is worth considering all the goals and objectives.
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35
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Luttrell SM, Smith AST, Mack DL. Creating stem cell-derived neuromuscular junctions in vitro. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:388-403. [PMID: 34328673 PMCID: PMC9292444 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of novel therapies has improved mobility and quality of life for people suffering from inheritable neuromuscular disorders. Despite this progress, the majority of neuromuscular disorders are still incurable, in part due to a lack of predictive models of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) breakdown. Improvement of predictive models of a human NMJ would be transformative in terms of expanding our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin development, maintenance, and disease, and as a testbed with which to evaluate novel therapeutics. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are emerging as a clinically relevant and non‐invasive cell source to create human NMJs to study synaptic development and maturation, as well as disease modeling and drug discovery. This review will highlight the recent advances and remaining challenges to generating an NMJ capable of eliciting contraction of stem cell‐derived skeletal muscle in vitro. We explore the advantages and shortcomings of traditional NMJ culturing platforms, as well as the pioneering technologies and novel, biomimetic culturing systems currently in use to guide development and maturation of the neuromuscular synapse and extracellular microenvironment. Then, we will explore how this NMJ‐in‐a‐dish can be used to study normal assembly and function of the efferent portion of the neuromuscular arc, and how neuromuscular disease‐causing mutations disrupt structure, signaling, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Luttrell
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alec S T Smith
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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36
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Sato T. Induction of Skeletal Muscle Progenitors and Stem Cells from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 7:395-405. [PMID: 32538862 PMCID: PMC7592659 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells and tissues including skeletal muscle. The approach to convert these stem cells into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with skeletal muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Several methods have been reported to induce myogenic differentiation with iPSCs derived from myogenic patients. An important point for generating skeletal muscle cells from iPSCs is to understand in vivo myogenic induction in development and regeneration. Current protocols of myogenic induction utilize techniques with overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as Myod1(MyoD), Pax3, Pax7, and others, using recombinant proteins or small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitors, and adult muscle stem cells. This review summarizes the current approaches used for myogenic induction and highlights recent improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Sato
- Department of Anatomy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Al Tanoury Z, Zimmerman JF, Rao J, Sieiro D, McNamara HM, Cherrier T, Rodríguez-delaRosa A, Hick-Colin A, Bousson F, Fugier-Schmucker C, Marchiano F, Habermann B, Chal J, Nesmith AP, Gapon S, Wagner E, Gupta VA, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, Cohen AE, Parker KK, Pourquié O. Prednisolone rescues Duchenne muscular dystrophy phenotypes in human pluripotent stem cell-derived skeletal muscle in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022960118. [PMID: 34260377 PMCID: PMC8285911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022960118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic disease leading to degeneration of skeletal muscles and premature death. How dystrophin absence leads to muscle wasting remains unclear. Here, we describe an optimized protocol to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to a late myogenic stage. This allows us to recapitulate classical DMD phenotypes (mislocalization of proteins of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, increased fusion, myofiber branching, force contraction defects, and calcium hyperactivation) in isogenic DMD-mutant iPSC lines in vitro. Treatment of the myogenic cultures with prednisolone (the standard of care for DMD) can dramatically rescue force contraction, fusion, and branching defects in DMD iPSC lines. This argues that prednisolone acts directly on myofibers, challenging the largely prevalent view that its beneficial effects are caused by antiinflammatory properties. Our work introduces a human in vitro model to study the onset of DMD pathology and test novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Al Tanoury
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67411 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
| | - John F Zimmerman
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, MA 02134
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
| | - Daniel Sieiro
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
| | - Harold M McNamara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Thomas Cherrier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67411 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-delaRosa
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
| | | | - Fanny Bousson
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, 67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Fabio Marchiano
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille UMR 7288, The Turing Center for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Bianca Habermann
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille UMR 7288, The Turing Center for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jérome Chal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67411 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
| | - Alexander P Nesmith
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, MA 02134
| | - Svetlana Gapon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Erica Wagner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Vandana A Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, MA 02134
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67411 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France;
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138
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38
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Uchimura T, Asano T, Nakata T, Hotta A, Sakurai H. A muscle fatigue-like contractile decline was recapitulated using skeletal myotubes from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient-derived iPSCs. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100298. [PMID: 34195678 PMCID: PMC8233665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle degenerating disease caused by dystrophin deficiency, for which therapeutic options are limited. To facilitate drug development, it is desirable to develop in vitro disease models that enable the evaluation of DMD declines in contractile performance. Here, we show MYOD1-induced differentiation of hiPSCs into functional skeletal myotubes in vitro with collagen gel and electrical field stimulation (EFS). Long-term EFS training (0.5 Hz, 20 V, 2 ms, continuous for 2 weeks) mimicking muscle overuse recapitulates declines in contractile performance in dystrophic myotubes. A screening of clinically relevant drugs using this model detects three compounds that ameliorate this decline. Furthermore, we validate the feasibility of adapting the model to a 96-well culture system using optogenetic technology for large-scale screening. Our results support a disease model using patient-derived iPSCs that allows for the recapitulation of the contractile pathogenesis of DMD and a screening strategy for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uchimura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Asano
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,The Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takao Nakata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,The Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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39
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Decreased YAP activity reduces proliferative ability in human induced pluripotent stem cell of duchenne muscular dystrophy derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10351. [PMID: 33990626 PMCID: PMC8121946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration accompanied by dilated cardiomyopathy. Recently, abnormality of yes-associated protein (YAP) has been reported as the pathogenesis of muscle degeneration of DMD; however YAP activity remains unclear in dystrophic heart of DMD. Herein, we investigated YAP activity using disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) in DMD. DMD-iPSCs were generated from DMD patient with exon 48–54 deletion in DMD, and genome-edited (Ed)-DMD-iPSCs with in-frame (Ed-DMD-iPSCs) were created using CRISPR/Cas9. Nuclear translocation of YAP [nuclear (N)/cytoplasmic (C) ratio] was significantly lower in DMD-iPSC-CMs than in Ed-DMD-iPSC-CMs. In addition, Ki67 expression, indicating proliferative ability, was significantly lower in DMD-iPSC-CMs than Ed-DMD-iPSC-CMs. Therefore, immunofluorescent staining showed that actin stress fibers associated with YAP activity by mechanotransduction were disorganized in DMD-iPSC-CMs. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a known lipid mediator on induction of actin polymerization, significantly increased YAP activity and actin dynamics in DMD-iPSC-CMs using live cell imaging. These results suggested that altered YAP activity due to impaired actin dynamics reduced proliferative ability in DMD-iPSC-CMs. Hence, decreased YAP activity in dystrophic heart may contribute to DMD-cardiomyopathy pathogenesis.
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40
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Cappella M, Elouej S, Biferi MG. The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Test Gene Therapy Approaches for Neuromuscular and Motor Neuron Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662837. [PMID: 33937264 PMCID: PMC8080375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents a major advance for the development of human disease models. The emerging of this technique fostered the concept of "disease in a dish," which consists into the generation of patient-specific models in vitro. Currently, iPSCs are used to study pathological molecular mechanisms caused by genetic mutations and they are considered a reliable model for high-throughput drug screenings. Importantly, precision-medicine approaches to treat monogenic disorders exploit iPSCs potential for the selection and validation of lead candidates. For example, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were tested with promising results in myoblasts or motor neurons differentiated from iPSCs of patients affected by either Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the use of iPSCs needs additional optimization to ensure translational success of the innovative strategies based on gene delivery through adeno associated viral vectors (AAV) for these diseases. Indeed, to establish an efficient transduction of iPSCs with AAV, several aspects should be optimized, including viral vector serotype, viral concentration and timing of transduction. This review will outline the use of iPSCs as a model for the development and testing of gene therapies for neuromuscular and motor neuron disorders. It will then discuss the advantages for the use of this versatile tool for gene therapy, along with the challenges associated with the viral vector transduction of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cappella
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Sahar Elouej
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Maria Grazia Biferi
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Paris, France
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Sasamata M, Shimojo D, Fuse H, Nishi Y, Sakurai H, Nakahata T, Yamagishi Y, Sasaki-Iwaoka H. Establishment of a Robust Platform for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Using Maholo LabDroid. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:441-453. [PMID: 33775154 DOI: 10.1177/24726303211000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are attractive for use in early drug discovery because they can differentiate into any cell type. Maintenance cultures and differentiation processes for iPSCs, however, require a high level of technical expertise. To overcome this problem, technological developments such as enhanced automation are necessary to replace manual operation. In addition, a robot system with the flexibility and expandability to carry out maintenance culture and each of the required differentiation processes would also be important. In this study, we established a platform to enable the multiple processes required for iPSC experiments using the Maholo LabDroid, which is a humanoid robotic system with excellent reproducibility and flexibility. The accuracy and robustness of Maholo LabDroid enabled us to cultivate undifferentiated iPSCs for 63 days while maintaining their ability to differentiate into the three embryonic germ layers. Maholo LabDroid maintained and harvested iPSCs in six-well plates, then seeded them into 96-well plates, induced differentiation, and implemented immunocytochemistry. As a result, Maholo LabDroid was confirmed to be able to perform the processes required for myogenic differentiation of iPSCs isolated from a patient with muscular disease and achieved a high differentiation rate with a coefficient of variation (CV) <10% in the first trial. Furthermore, the expandability and flexibility of Maholo LabDroid allowed us to experiment with multiple cell lines simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sasamata
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimojo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Fuse
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamagishi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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42
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Khodabukus A. Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Models to Study Muscle Function, Plasticity, and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:619710. [PMID: 33716768 PMCID: PMC7952620 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.619710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses remarkable plasticity that permits functional adaptations to a wide range of signals such as motor input, exercise, and disease. Small animal models have been pivotal in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle adaptation and plasticity. However, these small animal models fail to accurately model human muscle disease resulting in poor clinical success of therapies. Here, we review the potential of in vitro three-dimensional tissue-engineered skeletal muscle models to study muscle function, plasticity, and disease. First, we discuss the generation and function of in vitro skeletal muscle models. We then discuss the genetic, neural, and hormonal factors regulating skeletal muscle fiber-type in vivo and the ability of current in vitro models to study muscle fiber-type regulation. We also evaluate the potential of these systems to be utilized in a patient-specific manner to accurately model and gain novel insights into diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and volumetric muscle loss. We conclude with a discussion on future developments required for tissue-engineered skeletal muscle models to become more mature, biomimetic, and widely utilized for studying muscle physiology, disease, and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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43
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Fortunato F, Rossi R, Falzarano MS, Ferlini A. Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040820. [PMID: 33671409 PMCID: PMC7922390 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common childhood muscular dystrophy affecting ~1:5000 live male births. Following the identification of pathogenic variations in the dystrophin gene in 1986, the underlining genotype/phenotype correlations emerged and the role of the dystrophin protein was elucidated in skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles, as well as in the brain. When the dystrophin protein is absent or quantitatively or qualitatively modified, the muscle cannot sustain the stress of repeated contractions. Dystrophin acts as a bridging and anchoring protein between the sarcomere and the sarcolemma, and its absence or reduction leads to severe muscle damage that eventually cannot be repaired, with its ultimate substitution by connective tissue and fat. The advances of an understanding of the molecular pathways affected in DMD have led to the development of many therapeutic strategies that tackle different aspects of disease etiopathogenesis, which have recently led to the first successful approved orphan drugs for this condition. The therapeutic advances in this field have progressed exponentially, with second-generation drugs now entering in clinical trials as gene therapy, potentially providing a further effective approach to the condition.
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Mournetas V, Massouridès E, Dupont JB, Kornobis E, Polvèche H, Jarrige M, Dorval ARL, Gosselin MRF, Manousopoulou A, Garbis SD, Górecki DC, Pinset C. Myogenesis modelled by human pluripotent stem cells: a multi-omic study of Duchenne myopathy early onset. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:209-232. [PMID: 33586340 PMCID: PMC7890274 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes severe disability of children and death of young men, with an incidence of approximately 1/5000 male births. Symptoms appear in early childhood, with a diagnosis made mostly around 4 years old, a time where the amount of muscle damage is already significant, preventing early therapeutic interventions that could be more efficient at halting disease progression. In the meantime, the precise moment at which disease phenotypes arise-even asymptomatically-is still unknown. Thus, there is a critical need to better define DMD onset as well as its first manifestations, which could help identify early disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. METHODS We have used both human tissue-derived myoblasts and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from DMD patients to model skeletal myogenesis and compared their differentiation dynamics with that of healthy control cells by a comprehensive multi-omic analysis at seven time points. Results were strengthened with the analysis of isogenic CRISPR-edited human embryonic stem cells and through comparisons against published transcriptomic and proteomic datasets from human DMD muscles. The study was completed with DMD knockdown/rescue experiments in hiPSC-derived skeletal muscle progenitor cells and adenosine triphosphate measurement in hiPSC-derived myotubes. RESULTS Transcriptome and miRnome comparisons combined with protein analyses demonstrated that hiPSC differentiation (i) leads to embryonic/foetal myotubes that mimic described DMD phenotypes at the differentiation endpoint and (ii) homogeneously and robustly recapitulates key developmental steps-mesoderm, somite, and skeletal muscle. Starting at the somite stage, DMD dysregulations concerned almost 10% of the transcriptome. These include mitochondrial genes whose dysregulations escalate during differentiation. We also describe fibrosis as an intrinsic feature of DMD skeletal muscle cells that begins early during myogenesis. All the omics data are available online for exploration through a graphical interface at https://muscle-dmd.omics.ovh/. CONCLUSIONS Our data argue for an early developmental manifestation of DMD whose onset is triggered before the entry into the skeletal muscle compartment, data leading to a necessary reconsideration of dystrophin roles during muscle development. This hiPSC model of skeletal muscle differentiation offers the possibility to explore these functions as well as find earlier DMD biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Etienne Kornobis
- Biomics, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département BiologieComputationnelle, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Maxime R F Gosselin
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Unit for Cancer Sciences, Centre for Proteomics Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Proteas Bioanalytics Inc., BioLabs at The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Modelling Neuromuscular Diseases in the Age of Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040178. [PMID: 33080928 PMCID: PMC7712305 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in knowledge resulting from the sequencing of the human genome, coupled with technological developments and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms of pathogenesis are paving the way for a growing role of precision medicine in the treatment of a number of human conditions. The goal of precision medicine is to identify and deliver effective therapeutic approaches based on patients’ genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. With the exception of cancer, neurological diseases provide the most promising opportunity to achieve treatment personalisation, mainly because of accelerated progress in gene discovery, deep clinical phenotyping, and biomarker availability. Developing reproducible, predictable and reliable disease models will be key to the rapid delivery of the anticipated benefits of precision medicine. Here we summarize the current state of the art of preclinical models for neuromuscular diseases, with particular focus on their use and limitations to predict safety and efficacy treatment outcomes in clinical trials.
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46
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May V, Arnold AA, Pagad S, Somagutta MR, Sridharan S, Nanthakumaran S, Malik BH. Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy: The Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genomic Editing on Muscle Regeneration. Cureus 2020; 12:e10600. [PMID: 33123420 PMCID: PMC7584317 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two types of well-known muscular dystrophies: Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker's muscular dystrophy. This article focuses on the X-linked recessive disorder of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, which primarily affects children at age four, with a shortened life span of up to 40 years. A defective dystrophin protein lacking the gene dystrophin is the primary cause of the disease pathophysiology. This defect causes cardiac and skeletal muscle down-regulation of dystrophin, leading to weak and fibrotic muscles. The disease is currently untreatable, so most kids die due to cardiac failure in their late 30's. This review presents current treatment options, based on previous studies conducted over the last five years. We used the PubMed database to analyze and review the most important investigations. We also included an analysis of induced pluripotent stem cell therapy vs. genetic therapy using the mdx mouse model. We have discovered promising results on mdx mouse models to date and excited about the potential for where further clinical human trials can go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa May
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ashley A Arnold
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sukrut Pagad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, Hialeah, USA
| | - Manoj R Somagutta
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Saijanakan Sridharan
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Saruja Nanthakumaran
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Bilal Haider Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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47
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Zhao M, Tazumi A, Takayama S, Takenaka-Ninagawa N, Nalbandian M, Nagai M, Nakamura Y, Nakasa M, Watanabe A, Ikeya M, Hotta A, Ito Y, Sato T, Sakurai H. Induced Fetal Human Muscle Stem Cells with High Therapeutic Potential in a Mouse Muscular Dystrophy Model. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:80-94. [PMID: 32619494 PMCID: PMC7363940 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal muscle-wasting disease caused by DYSTROPHIN deficiency. Cell therapy using muscle stem cells (MuSCs) is a potential cure. Here, we report a differentiation method to generate fetal MuSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by monitoring MYF5 expression. Gene expression profiling indicated that MYF5-positive cells in the late stage of differentiation have fetal MuSC characteristics, while MYF5-positive cells in the early stage of differentiation have early myogenic progenitor characteristics. Moreover, late-stage MYF5-positive cells demonstrated good muscle regeneration potential and produced DYSTROPHIN in vivo after transplantation into DMD model mice, resulting in muscle function recovery. The engrafted cells also generated PAX7-positive MuSC-like cells under the basal lamina of DYSTROPHIN-positive fibers. These findings suggest that MYF5-positive fetal MuSCs induced in the late stage of iPSC differentiation have cell therapy potential for DMD. Wnt agonists at high dose and long term induces dermomyotome cells effectively MYF5+ cell characteristics vary between early- and late-stage differentiation Late-stage MYF5+ cells acquire characteristics resembling fetal muscle stem cells MYF5+ cells recover dystrophin and improves muscular function
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Atsutoshi Tazumi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., 1-105 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takayama
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., 1-105 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Takenaka-Ninagawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Minas Nalbandian
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Nagai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yumi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakasa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuta Ito
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya Gakuin University, 1350 Kamishinano-cho, Seto City, Aichi 480-1298, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sato
- Department of Anatomy, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Asai A, Konno M, Kawamoto K, Isotani A, Mori M, Eguchi H, Doki Y, Arai T, Ishii H. Hereditary pancreatitis model by blastocyst complementation in mouse. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2061-2073. [PMID: 32547704 PMCID: PMC7275788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of pluripotent stem cells is expected to contribute to the elucidation of unknown mechanism of human diseases. However, in vitro induction of organ-specific cells, such as pancreas and liver, is still difficult and the reproduction of their disorders in a model has been unfeasible. To study the mechanism of human hereditary pancreatitis (HP), we here performed the blastocyst complementation (BC) method. In the BC method, mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells harboring CRISPR/CAS9-mediated mutations in the Prss1 gene were injected into blastocysts with deficient Pdx1 gene, which is a critical transcription factor in the development of pancreas. The results showed that trypsin was activated extremely in Prss1-mutant mice. This implied that the mouse phenotype mimics that of human HP and that the BC method was useful for the reproduction and study of pancreatic disorders. The present study opens the possibility of investigating uncharacterized human diseases by utilizing the BC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Asai
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan.,Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan.,Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- Organ Developmental Engineering, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | | | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan.,Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Japan
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Caputo L, Granados A, Lenzi J, Rosa A, Ait-Si-Ali S, Puri PL, Albini S. Acute conversion of patient-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy iPSC into myotubes reveals constitutive and inducible over-activation of TGFβ-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:13. [PMID: 32359374 PMCID: PMC7195779 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), DYSTROPHIN deficiency exposes myofibers to repeated cycles of contraction/degeneration, ultimately leading to muscle loss and replacement by fibrotic tissue. DMD pathology is typically exacerbated by excessive secretion of TGFβ and consequent accumulation of pro-fibrotic components of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM), which in turn impairs compensatory regeneration and complicates the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. It is currently unclear whether DMD skeletal muscle fibers directly contribute to excessive activation of TGFβ. Development of skeletal myofibers from DMD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), as an "in dish" model of disease, can be exploited to determine the myofiber contribution to pathogenic TGFβ signaling in DMD and might provide a screening platform for the identification of anti-fibrotic interventions in DMD. METHODS We describe a rapid and efficient method for the generation of contractile human skeletal muscle cells from DMD patient-derived hiPSC, based on the inducible expression of MyoD and BAF60C (encoded by SMARCD3 gene), using an enhanced version of piggyBac (epB) transposone vectors. DMD iPSC-derived myotubes were tested as an "in dish" disease model and exposed to environmental and mechanical cues that recapitulate salient pathological features of DMD. RESULTS We show that DMD iPSC-derived myotubes exhibit a constitutive activation of TGFβ-SMAD2/3 signaling. High-content screening (HCS)-based quantification of nuclear phosphorylated SMAD2/3 signal revealed that DMD iPSC-derived myotubes also exhibit increased activation of the TGFβ-SMAD2/3 signaling following exposure to either recombinant TGFβ or electrical pacing-induced contraction. CONCLUSIONS Acute conversion of DMD patient-derived iPSC into skeletal muscles, by the ectopic expression of MyoD and BAF60C, provides a rapid and reliable protocol for an "in dish" DMD model that recapitulates key pathogenic features of disease pathology, such as the constitutive activation of the TGFβ/SMAD signaling as well as the deregulated response to pathogenic stimuli, e.g., ECM-derived signals or mechanical cues. Thus, this model is suitable for the identification of new therapeutic targets in DMD patient-specific muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Caputo
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alice Granados
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate (EDC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Lenzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate (EDC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Sonia Albini
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate (EDC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, F-75013, Paris, France. .,Genethon, 1bis, Rue de l'Internationale, 91000, EVRY, France.
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50
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Sun C, Serra C, Lee G, Wagner KR. Stem cell-based therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113086. [PMID: 31639376 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic muscle disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Within this group, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and one of the most severe. DMD is an X chromosome linked disease that occurs to 1 in 3500 to 1 in 5000 boys. The cause of DMD is a mutation in the dystrophin gene, whose encoded protein provides both structural support and cell signaling capabilities. So far, there are very limited therapeutic options available and there is no cure for this disease. In this review, we discuss the existing cell therapy research, especially stem cell-based, which utilize myoblasts, satellite cells, bone marrow cells, mesoangioblasts and CD133+ cells. Finally, we focus on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) which hold great potential in treating DMD. hPSCs can be used for autologous transplantation after being specified to a myogenic lineage. Over the last few years, there has been a rapid development of isolation, as well as differentiation, techniques in order to achieve effective transplantation results of myogenic cells specified from hPSCs. In this review, we summarize the current methods of hPSCs myogenic commitment/differentiation, and describe the current status of hPSC-derived myogenic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Sun
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Carlo Serra
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kathryn R Wagner
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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