1
|
Kearney PJ, Zhang Y, Liang M, Tan Y, Kahuno E, Conklin TL, Fagan RR, Pavchinskiy RG, Shaffer SA, Yue Z, Melikian HE. Silencing Parkinson's risk allele Rit2 sex-specifically compromises motor function and dopamine neuron viability. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38395968 PMCID: PMC10891080 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and arises from dopamine (DA) neuron death selectively in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Rit2 is a reported PD risk allele, and recent single cell transcriptomic studies identified a major RIT2 cluster in PD DA neurons, potentially linking Rit2 expression loss to a PD patient cohort. However, it is still unknown whether Rit2 loss itself impacts DA neuron function and/or viability. Here we report that conditional Rit2 silencing in mouse DA neurons drove motor dysfunction that occurred earlier in males than females and was rescued at early stages by either inhibiting the DA transporter (DAT) or with L-DOPA treatment. Motor dysfunction was accompanied by decreased DA release, striatal DA content, phenotypic DAergic markers, DA neurons, and DAergic terminals, with increased pSer129-alpha synuclein and pSer935-LRRK2 expression. These results provide clear evidence that Rit2 loss is causal for SNc cell death and motor dysfunction, and reveal key sex-specific differences in the response to Rit2 loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Kearney
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuanxi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marianna Liang
- Department of Neurology and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanglan Tan
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- DMPK Group, Merck, S. San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kahuno
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tucker L Conklin
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Regeneron, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rita R Fagan
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca G Pavchinskiy
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haley E Melikian
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Besin V, Humardani FM, Yulianti T, Justyn M. Genomic profile of Parkinson's disease in Asians. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117682. [PMID: 38016627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) has witnessed an alarming rise in prevalence, highlighting the suboptimal nature of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. To address this issue, genetic testing has emerged as a potential avenue. In this comprehensive review, we have meticulously summarized the variants associated with PD in Asian populations. Our review reveals that these variants exert their influence on diverse biological pathways, encompassing the autophagy-lysosome pathway, cholesterol metabolism, circadian rhythm regulation, immune system response, and synaptic function. Conventionally, PD has been linked to other diseases; however, our findings shed light on a shared genetic susceptibility among these conditions, implying an underlying pathophysiological mechanism that unifies them. Moreover, it is noteworthy that these PD-associated variants can significantly impact drug responses during therapeutic interventions. This review not only provides a consolidated overview of the genetic variants associated with PD in Asian populations but also contributes novel insights into the intricate relationships between PD and other diseases by elucidating shared genetic components. These findings underscore the importance of personalized approaches in diagnosing and treating PD based on individual genetic profiles to optimize patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus Besin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia
| | - Farizky Martriano Humardani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia; Magister in Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65112, Indonesia.
| | - Trilis Yulianti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Matthew Justyn
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjajaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kearney PJ, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Kahuno E, Conklin TL, Fagan RR, Pavchinskiy RG, Shafer SA, Yue Z, Melikian HE. Rit2 silencing in dopamine neurons drives a Parkinsonian phenotype. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538430. [PMID: 37162843 PMCID: PMC10168302 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and arises from dopamine (DA) neuron death selectively in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Rit2 is a reported PD risk allele, and recent single cell transcriptomic studies identified a major RIT2 cluster in PD DA neurons, potentially linking Rit2 expression loss to a PD patient cohort. However, it is still unknown whether Rit2 loss itself is causative for PD or PD-like symptoms. Here we report that conditional Rit2 silencing in mouse DA neurons drove motor dysfunction that occurred earlier in males than females and was rescued at early stages by either inhibiting the DA transporter (DAT) or with L-DOPA treatment. Motor dysfunction was accompanied by decreased DA release, striatal DA content, phenotypic DAergic markers, DA neurons, and DAergic terminals, with increased pSer129-alpha synuclein and pSer935-LRRK2 expression. These results provide the first evidence that Rit2 loss is causal for SNc cell death and a PD-like phenotype, and reveal key sex-specific differences in the response to Rit2 loss.
Collapse
|
4
|
Association between RIT2 rs16976358 Polymorphism and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Asian Populations: A Meta-analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8886927. [PMID: 36820223 PMCID: PMC9938773 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8886927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that Ras-like without CAAX2 (RIT2) polymorphism is a susceptible factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). SNP rs12456492 and rs16976358 show the emerging evidence of increased risk of PD and ASD, respectively. A meta-analysis examining the relationship between rs12456492 and PD was reported, but the association between rs16976358 and ASD has not been investigated. Methods We searched literature from the databases PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, OVID, Web of Science, and Wiley up to February 2021. Three studies including 1160 ASD cases and 1367 controls were eventually enrolled in the meta-analysis based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results All genetics models indicate a significant association between rs16976358 polymorphism and ASD susceptibility (C vs. T: p = 0.001; CC vs. TT: p = 0.001; CT vs. TT: p = 0.009; CC+CT vs. TT: p = 0.001; CC vs. CT+TT: p = 0.001; TT+CC vs. CT: p = 0.013). The results of sensitivity analysis and publication bias of Begg's and Egger's tests were stable in the models of allele (C vs. T), codominant (CC vs. TT), dominant (CC+CT vs. TT), and recessive (CC vs. CT+TT). Conclusions Our meta-analysis exhibits that the allele C, CC, and CT genotyping of rs16976358 suggest the risk for ASD, but additional studies using a large sample size and ethnically diverse populations need to be included in the future.
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Yi M, Li B, Yin S, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Shu L, Zhang Y. Polymorphism of neurodegeneration-related genes associated with Parkinson’s disease risk. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5301-5312. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
6
|
Dynamic control of the dopamine transporter in neurotransmission and homeostasis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33674612 PMCID: PMC7935902 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) transports extracellular dopamine into the intracellular space contributing to the regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. A reduction of DAT density is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) by neuroimaging; dopamine turnover is dopamine turnover is elevated in early symptomatic PD and in presymptomatic individuals with monogenic mutations causal for parkinsonism. As an integral plasma membrane protein, DAT surface expression is dynamically regulated through endocytic trafficking, enabling flexible control of dopamine signaling in time and space, which in turn critically modulates movement, motivation and learning behavior. Yet the cellular machinery and functional implications of DAT trafficking remain enigmatic. In this review we summarize mechanisms governing DAT trafficking under normal physiological conditions and discuss how PD-linked mutations may disturb DAT homeostasis. We highlight the complexity of DAT trafficking and reveal DAT dysregulation as a common theme in genetic models of parkinsonism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Fan Y, Wang L, Chen B, Lu Y, Luo D. The association between the C-reactive protein gene +1444C/T polymorphism and Parkinson's disease susceptibility in a Chinese population. Gene 2020; 753:144808. [PMID: 32470505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-reactive protein (CRP) is increased in Parkinson's disease (PD). The CRP +1444C/T (rs1130864) polymorphism is located in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) and is associated with serum CRP concentrations. We explored the relationship between the CRP +1444C/T polymorphism and susceptibility to PD. METHODS A total of 1000 subjects from a Chinese population were recruited into this case-control study, including 500 PD patients and 500 healthy controls. The genotype of the CRP +1444C/T polymorphism was tested by Sanger sequencing, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was assessed in the groups. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the strength of any correlations in allelic, dominant, recessive, and additive genetic models. RESULTS The genotypic distribution of the CRP +1444C/T polymorphism was consistent with HWE in controls, and markedly different with cases. The CRP +1444C/T polymorphism was associated with increased PD risk in allelic and dominant models in the overall and male population, but not the female subgroup. CONCLUSION The presence of a CRP +1444C/T polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of PD in our Chinese population. Given the missing support for a role of this SNP in PD in the pre-existing GWAS, the SNP may not be genuinely associated with PD despite some positive candidate gene studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yawei Fan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Danju Luo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030 China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu TW, Wu YR, Chen YC, Fung HC, Chen CM. Association of RIT2 and RAB7L1 with Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in a Taiwanese cohort and a meta-analysis in Asian populations. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:140.e5-140.e11. [PMID: 31818509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses on Parkinson's disease (PD)-related genes have identified several risk foci in Ras-related genes, particularly among Caucasian individuals. However, the corresponding results have been controversial among Asian individuals. We investigated whether 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of Ras-related genes, RIT2 (rs12456492) and RAB7L1 (rs823118), are associated with PD risk in Taiwanese individuals. In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of all studies related to rs12456492 in Asian populations to resolve inconsistency in this locus. In total, 1103 Taiwanese individuals (588 patients with PD and 515 controls) and 1111 Taiwanese individuals (594 patients with PD and 517 controls) were genotyped for rs12456492 and rs823118. However, we could not confirm the association of rs12456492 and rs823118 with PD. Our current meta-analysis involving the rs12456492(A/G) variant demonstrated that the GG + GA genotypes, GG genotypes, and G allele may be risk factors for PD. RIT2 may increase PD risk in Asian individuals. The discrepancies between Caucasian and Asian populations may be due to differences in geographic region-specific genetic backgrounds and gene-environmental interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hon Chung Fung
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Daneshmandpour Y, Darvish H, Emamalizadeh B. RIT2: responsible and susceptible gene for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:785-792. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
10
|
Khodadadian A, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Kalantary-Charvadeh A, Ghobadi A, Mazaheri M. Candidate biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:699-704. [PMID: 29803930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases associated with neurodegenerative disorders. It affects 3% to 4% of the population over the age of 65 years. The neuropathological dominant symptoms of PD include the destruction of neurons in the substantia nigra, thus causing striatal dopamine deficiency and the presence of intracellular inclusions that contain aggregates of α‑synuclein. The premature form of PD is familial and is known as early onset PD (EOPD). It involves a small portion of patients with PD, displaying symptoms before the age of 60 years. Although individuals who are suffering from the EOPD may have genetic changes, the molecular mechanisms that differentiate between EOPD and late onset PD (LOPD) remain unclear. Owing to the complexity of discriminating between the different forms, treatment, and management of PD, the identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis seems necessary. For this purpose, many studies have been undertaken for the introduction of several biological molecules through various techniques as potential biomarkers. The main focus of these studies was on α-synuclein. However, there are other molecules that are potential biomarkers, such as microRNAs and peptoids. In this article, we tried to review some of these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khodadadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Kalantary-Charvadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Ghobadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahta Mazaheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu R, Chen X, Qi J. Associations of TAP1 genetic polymorphisms with atopic diseases: asthma, rhinitis and dermatitis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1553-1562. [PMID: 29416713 PMCID: PMC5788581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversial findings have been reported regarding to the effect of the transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) polymorphisms exerted on the atopic diseases susceptibility. To gain a better understanding of the effects of TAP1 polymorphisms on the risk of atopic diseases, a retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the association of the most common TAP1 polymorphisms, rs1057141 and rs1135216, with the risk of atopic diseases. From studies published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to July 2017, ten eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. The pooled results from rs1135216 polymorphism showed increased risk of atopic diseases in homozygote and recessive comparison. From the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, it was found that rs1135216 polymorphism contributed to atopic diseases susceptibility among Africans in all the five genetic models. Subgroup analysis by atopic types indicated significant association of TAP1 polymorphism rs1135216 with asthma in the allele, dominant and recessive models and with allergic rhinitis in the recessive model. As to rs1057141, increased risk of atopic disease in the allelic, dominant and heterozygous model was found in African population. Overall, this meta-analysis study demonstrated that rs1135216 polymorphism may contribute to atopic diseases susceptibility in Asians and Africans as assessed in this study. However, well designed large-scale case-control studies are needed to confirm such preliminary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongzeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiafei Chen
- Network Information Center, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jingjiao Qi
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arshad AR, Sulaiman SA, Saperi AA, Jamal R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Abdul Murad NA. MicroRNAs and Target Genes As Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Early Onset of Parkinson Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:352. [PMID: 29163029 PMCID: PMC5671573 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most common disorder with a higher prevalence in individuals aged over 60 years old. Younger individuals may also be affected with PD which is known as early onset PD (EOPD). Despite similarities between the characteristics of EOPD and late onset PD (LODP), EOPD patients experience much longer disease manifestations and poorer quality of life. Although some individuals are more prone to have EOPD due to certain genetic alterations, the molecular mechanisms that differentiate between EOPD and LOPD remains unclear. Recent findings in PD patients revealed that there were differences in the genetic profiles of PD patients compared to healthy controls, as well as between EOPD and LOPD patients. There were variants identified that correlated with the decline of cognitive and motor symptoms as well as non-motor symptoms in PD. There were also specific microRNAs that correlated with PD progression, and since microRNAs have been shown to be involved in the maintenance of neuronal development, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, there is a strong possibility that these microRNAs can be potentially used to differentiate between subsets of PD patients. PD is mainly diagnosed at the late stage, when almost majority of the dopaminergic neurons are lost. Therefore, identification of molecular biomarkers for early detection of PD is important. Given that miRNAs are crucial in controlling the gene expression, these regulatory microRNAs and their target genes could be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD. In this article, we discussed the genes involved and their regulatory miRNAs, regarding their roles in PD progression, based on the findings of significantly altered microRNAs in EOPD studies. We also discussed the potential of these miRNAs as molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Arshad
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Siti A. Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Amalia A. Saperi
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamedani SY, Gharesouran J, Noroozi R, Sayad A, Omrani MD, Mir A, Afjeh SSA, Toghi M, Manoochehrabadi S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M. Ras-like without CAAX 2 (RIT2): a susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:751-755. [PMID: 28190241 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ras-like without CAAX2 (RIT2) which encodes a GTP-binding protein has recently been reported as a new susceptibility gene for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in a genome-wide association study. Since the gene is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological diseases, we investigated the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs16976358 and rs4130047 of this gene with ASD in Iranian patients. A total of 1004 individuals, comprising 532 ASD cases and 472 healthy subjects participated in this study. Allele frequency analyses showed significant over-presentation of rs16976358-C allele in cases versus controls (P < 0.0001). In addition, rs16976358 CC genotype (OR (95% CI) =3.57(1.72-7.69) and P < 0.0001) and rs4130047 CC genotype (OR (95% CI) =0.64(0.43-0.97) and P = 0.035) were associated with ASD in recessive inheritance model. Besides, haplotype analysis demonstrated an association between the C/T haplotype block (rs16976358/rs4130047) and ASD (OR (95%CI) = 0.44 (0.31-0.62), P < 0.0001). Altogether, our findings provided additional confirmation for the RIT2 gene participation in ASD risk and suggested the rs16976358 variant as a possible genetic risk factor for this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rezvan Noroozi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Mir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Balouchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sarah Sadat Aghabozrg Afjeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Mehdi Toghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Saba Manoochehrabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran.
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polymorphism in MIR4697 but not VPS13C, GCH1, or SIPA1L2 is associated with risk of Parkinson's disease in a Han Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2017; 650:8-11. [PMID: 28380328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A large meta-analysis recently identified six new loci associated with risk of PD, but subsequent studies have given discrepant results. Here we conducted a case-control study in a Han Chinese population in an attempt to clarify risk associations in Chinese. Among the four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that we examined - VPS13C-rs2414739, MIR4697-rs329648, GCH1-rs11158026, and SIPA1L2- rs10797576 we detected a significant association between rs329648 and risk of developing PD in a recessive model. This association remained significant after adjusting for gender and age (OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.295-2.694, p=8.21×10-4) or Bonferroni correction. The T allele of rs329648 occurred significantly more frequently among patients with PD than among healthy controls (OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.033-1.443, p=0.02), while there was no statistic significant after Bonferroni correction. Subgroup analysis showed a significant association specifically among males in a recessive model (OR 1.943, 95%CI 1.200-3.147, p=0.007). In contrast, genotye and allele frequencies at rs329648 did not differ significantly between female patients with PD and healthy female controls, or between patients with early-onset or late-onset PD. Our results suggest that rs329648 is associated with risk of developing PD in the Han Chinese population. Our findings should be verified in further studies, and they highlight the need for functional studies of MIR4697.
Collapse
|
15
|
Emamalizadeh B, Movafagh A, Darvish H, Kazeminasab S, Andarva M, Namdar-Aligoodarzi P, Ohadi M. The human RIT2 core promoter short tandem repeat predominant allele is species-specific in length: a selective advantage for human evolution? Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:611-617. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
16
|
Redenšek S, Trošt M, Dolžan V. Genetic Determinants of Parkinson's Disease: Can They Help to Stratify the Patients Based on the Underlying Molecular Defect? Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:20. [PMID: 28239348 PMCID: PMC5301007 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a sporadic progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder with a relatively strong genetic background. We have reviewed the current literature about the genetic factors that could be indicative of pathophysiological pathways of PD and their applications in everyday clinical practice. Information on novel risk genes is coming from several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and their meta-analyses. GWASs that have been performed so far enabled the identification of 24 loci as PD risk factors. These loci take part in numerous cellular processes that may contribute to PD pathology: protein aggregation, protein, and membrane trafficking, lysosomal autophagy, immune response, synaptic function, endocytosis, inflammation, and metabolic pathways are among the most important ones. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms are usually located in the non-coding regions and their functionality remains to be determined, although they presumably influence gene expression. It is important to be aware of a very low contribution of a single genetic risk factor to PD development; therefore, novel prognostic indices need to account for the cumulative nature of genetic risk factors. A better understanding of PD pathophysiology and its genetic background will help to elucidate the underlying pathological processes. Such knowledge may help physicians to recognize subjects with the highest risk for the development of PD, and provide an opportunity for the identification of novel potential targets for neuroprotective treatment. Moreover, it may enable stratification of the PD patients according to their genetic fingerprint to properly personalize their treatment as well as supportive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li JY, Zhang JH, Li NN, Wang L, Lu ZJ, Cheng L, Sun XY, Peng R. Genetic association study between RIT2 and Parkinson’s disease in a Han Chinese population. Neurol Sci 2016; 38:343-347. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
18
|
Genetic associations of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene with Graves diseases and Graves ophthalmopathy: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30356. [PMID: 27456991 PMCID: PMC4960547 DOI: 10.1038/srep30356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a common thyroid disease, and Graves ophthalmopathy(GO) is the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation of GD. Genetic associations of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene with GD and GO have been studied in different population groups for a long time. We aimed to obtain a more precise estimation of the effects of TSHR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on GD/GO using a meta-analysis. Publications were searched on Pub Med and EMBASE up to December 30, 2015. Eight studies involving three SNPs (rs179247, rs12101255, and rs2268458), which included 4790 cases and 5350 controls, met the selection criteria. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. SNPs rs179247 (dominant model [GG + GA vs. AA]: OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.61-0.73, P = 0.000, I(2) = 0%) and rs12101255 (dominant model [TT + TC vs. CC]: OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.53-1.83, P = 0.000, I(2) = 0%) were significantly associated with GD in all of the genetic models. TSHR rs12101255 and rs2268458 polymorphisms had no association between GO and GD (GD without GO). The results indicate that rs179247 and rs12101255 are likely to be genetic biomarkers for GD. Further studies with different population groups and larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the genetic associations of the TSHR gene with GD/GO.
Collapse
|
19
|
Possible association of CCDC62 rs12817488 polymorphism and Parkinson's disease risk in Chinese population: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23991. [PMID: 27035708 PMCID: PMC4817521 DOI: 10.1038/srep23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results identifying the association between coiled-coil domain containing 62 (CCDC62) polymorphism, rs12817488, and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been reported. To clarify whether rs12817488 is related to PD risk in Chinese population, we carried out this meta-analysis by searching literature from PubMed and Embase database regarding this polymorphism. Three eligible studies involving 1616 cases and 1649 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed statistically significant association between rs12817488 and PD risk in all four genetic models. Stratification by gender revealed similar results in both subgroup in these genetic models except for recessive model, in which rs12817488 was not significantly associated with PD in male subgroup. Unstable result was found in recessive model via sensitivity analysis, and publication bias was observed in recessive model as well, indicating that the pooled result from recessive model should be cautiously treated. Our meta-analysis implicates a possible relationship between rs12817488 and PD risk in Chinese population. Further validation of this association in large sample size study with different gender is warranted.
Collapse
|
20
|
Emamalizadeh B, Jamshidi J, Movafagh A, Ohadi M, khaniani MS, Kazeminasab S, Biglarian A, Taghavi S, Motallebi M, Fazeli A, Ahmadifard A, Shahidi GA, Petramfar P, Shahmohammadibeni N, Dadkhah T, Khademi E, Tafakhori A, Khaligh A, Safaralizadeh T, Kowsari A, Mirabzadeh A, Zarneh AES, Khorrami M, Shokraeian P, Banavandi MJS, Lima BS, Andarva M, Alehabib E, Atakhorrami M, Darvish H. RIT2 Polymorphisms: Is There a Differential Association? Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2234-2240. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|