1
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Dodin A, Tscherbul TV, Brumer P. Population Oscillations and Ubiquitous Coherences in Multilevel Quantum Systems Driven by Incoherent Radiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7694-7699. [PMID: 39038280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
We consider incoherent excitation of multilevel quantum systems, e.g., molecules with multiple vibronic states. We show that (1) the geometric constraints of the matter-field coupling operator guarantee that noise-induced coherences will be generated in all systems with four or more incoherent transitions between energy eigenstates and (2) noise-induced coherences can lead to population oscillations due to quantum interference via coherence transfer between pairs of states in the ground and excited manifolds. Our findings facilitate the experimental detection of noise-induced coherent dynamics in complex quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Dodin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Timur V Tscherbul
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Paul Brumer
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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2
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Purkait C, Chand S, Biswas A. Anisotropy-assisted thermodynamic advantage of a local-spin quantum thermal machine. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044128. [PMID: 38755864 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We study quantum Otto thermal machines with a two-spin working system coupled by anisotropic interaction. Depending on the choice of different parameters, the quantum Otto cycle can function as different thermal machines, including a heat engine, refrigerator, accelerator, and heater. We aim to investigate how the anisotropy plays a fundamental role in the performance of the quantum Otto engine (QOE) operating in different timescales. We find that while the engine's efficiency increases with the increase in anisotropy for the quasistatic operation, quantum internal friction and incomplete thermalization degrade the performance in a finite-time cycle. Further, we study the quantum heat engine (QHE) with one of the spins (local spin) as the working system. We show that the efficiency of such an engine can surpass the standard quantum Otto limit, along with maximum power, thanks to the anisotropy. This can be attributed to quantum interference effects. We demonstrate that the enhanced performance of a local-spin QHE originates from the same interference effects, as in a measurement-based QOE for their finite-time operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayan Purkait
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Suman Chand
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Asoka Biswas
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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3
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Ivander F, Anto-Sztrikacs N, Segal D. Hyperacceleration of quantum thermalization dynamics by bypassing long-lived coherences: An analytical treatment. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:014130. [PMID: 37583187 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.014130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We develop a perturbative technique for solving Markovian quantum dissipative dynamics, with the perturbation parameter being a small gap in the eigenspectrum. As an example, we apply the technique and straightforwardly obtain analytically the dynamics of a three-level system with quasidegenerate excited states, where quantum coherences persist for very long times, proportional to the inverse of the energy splitting squared. We then show how to bypass this long-lived coherent dynamics and accelerate the relaxation to thermal equilibration in a hyper-exponential manner, a Markovian quantum-assisted Mpemba-like effect. This hyperacceleration of the equilibration process manifests if the initial state is carefully prepared, such that its coherences precisely store the amount of population relaxing from the initial condition to the equilibrium state. Our analytical method for solving quantum dissipative dynamics readily provides equilibration timescales, and as such it reveals how coherent and incoherent effects interlace in the dynamics. It further advises on how to accelerate relaxation processes, which is desirable when long-lived quantum coherences stagnate dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ivander
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Nicholas Anto-Sztrikacs
- Department of Physics, 60 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
| | - Dvira Segal
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
- Department of Physics, 60 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
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4
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Chen J, Fu T, Su S, Zheng J, Chen J. Quantum photocells as nonequilibrium systems. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:062136. [PMID: 34271693 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.062136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Numerous nanoscale studies that are related to harnessing photon energy focus on quantum effects. Thermodynamics analyses indicate the occurrence of a paradox for the standard model of the photocell with the power generated by a decay process. In order to measure the power accurately, a light-harvesting system connecting to Fermi contacts is proposed. Results show that the interference effect between different transition channels plays a decisive role in enhancing the power output of a photocell. The proposed model may provide a foundation for the future development of photoelectric converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Fu
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhe Su
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Zheng
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincan Chen
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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5
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Liu J, Segal D. Coherences and the thermodynamic uncertainty relation: Insights from quantum absorption refrigerators. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032138. [PMID: 33862758 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic uncertainty relation, originally derived for classical Markov-jump processes, provides a tradeoff relation between precision and dissipation, deepening our understanding of the performance of quantum thermal machines. Here, we examine the interplay of quantum system coherences and heat current fluctuations on the validity of the thermodynamics uncertainty relation in the quantum regime. To achieve the current statistics, we perform a full counting statistics simulation of the Redfield quantum master equation. We focus on steady-state quantum absorption refrigerators where nonzero coherence between eigenstates can either suppress or enhance the cooling power, compared with the incoherent limit. In either scenario, we find enhanced relative noise of the cooling power (standard deviation of the power over the mean) in the presence of system coherence, thereby corroborating the thermodynamic uncertainty relation. Our results indicate that fluctuations necessitate consideration when assessing the performance of quantum coherent thermal machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dvira Segal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Physics, 60 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
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6
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Mondal S, Bhattacharjee S, Dutta A. Exploring the role of asymmetric-pulse modulation in quantum thermal machines and quantum thermometry. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:022140. [PMID: 32942435 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.022140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We explore the consequences of periodically modulating a quantum two-level system (TLS) with an asymmetric pulse when the system is in contact with thermal baths. By adopting the Floquet-Lindblad formalism for our analysis, we find that the unequal "up" and "down" time duration of the pulse has two main ramifications. First, the energy gap of the multiple sidebands or photon sectors created as a result of the periodic modulation are renormalized by a term which is dependent on both the modulation strength as well as the fraction of up (or down) time duration. Second, the weights of the different sidebands are no longer symmetrically distributed about the central band or zero photon sector. We illustrate the advantages of these findings in the context of applications in quantum thermal machines and thermometry. For a thermal machine constructed by coupling the TLS to two thermal baths, we demonstrate that the asymmetric pulse provides an extra degree of control over the mode of operation of the thermal machine. Further, by appropriately tuning the weight of the subbands, we also show that an asymmetric pulse may provide superior optimality in a recently proposed protocol for quantum thermometry, where dynamical control has been shown to enhance the precision of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Amit Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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7
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González JO, Palao JP, Alonso D, Correa LA. Classical emulation of quantum-coherent thermal machines. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:062102. [PMID: 31330638 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.062102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The performance enhancements observed in various models of continuous quantum thermal machines have been linked to the buildup of coherences in a preferred basis. But is this connection always an evidence of "quantum-thermodynamic supremacy"? By force of example, we show that this is not the case. In particular, we compare a power-driven three-level continuous quantum refrigerator with a four-level combined cycle, partly driven by power and partly by heat. We focus on the weak driving regime and find the four-level model to be superior since it can operate in parameter regimes in which the three-level model cannot and it may exhibit a larger cooling rate and, simultaneously, a better coefficient of performance. Furthermore, we find that the improvement in the cooling rate matches the increase in the stationary quantum coherences exactly. Crucially, though, we also show that the thermodynamic variables for both models follow from a classical representation based on graph theory. This implies that we can build incoherent stochastic-thermodynamic models with the same steady-state operation or, equivalently, that both coherent refrigerators can be emulated classically. More generally, we prove this for any N-level weakly driven device with a "cyclic" pattern of transitions. Therefore, even if coherence is present in a specific quantum thermal machine, it is often not essential to replicate the underlying energy conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Onam González
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38204, Spain
- IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38204, Spain
| | - José P Palao
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38204, Spain
- IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38204, Spain
| | - Daniel Alonso
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38204, Spain
- IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38204, Spain
| | - Luis A Correa
- School of Mathematical Sciences and CQNE, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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8
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Dodin A, Brumer P. Light-induced processes in nature: Coherences in the establishment of the nonequilibrium steady state in model retinal isomerization. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:184304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5092981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amro Dodin
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Brumer
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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9
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Quantum coherence, many-body correlations, and non-thermal effects for autonomous thermal machines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3191. [PMID: 30816164 PMCID: PMC6395647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the principal objectives of quantum thermodynamics is to explore quantum effects and their potential beneficial role in thermodynamic tasks like work extraction or refrigeration. So far, even though several papers have already shown that quantum effect could indeed bring quantum advantages, a global and deeper understanding is still lacking. Here, we extend previous models of autonomous machines to include quantum batteries made of arbitrary systems of discrete spectrum. We establish their actual efficiency, which allows us to derive an efficiency upper bound, called maximal achievable efficiency, shown to be always achievable, in contrast with previous upper bounds based only on the Second Law. Such maximal achievable efficiency can be expressed simply in term of the apparent temperature of the quantum battery. This important result appears to be a powerful tool to understand how quantum features like coherence but also many-body correlations and non-thermal population distribution can be harnessed to increase the efficiency of thermal machines.
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10
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Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Bylinskii A, Gangloff D, Islam R, Aspuru-Guzik A, Vuletic V. Single-Atom Heat Machines Enabled by Energy Quantization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:170601. [PMID: 29756824 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.170601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantization of energy is a quintessential characteristic of quantum systems. Here we analyze its effects on the operation of Otto cycle heat machines and show that energy quantization alone may alter and increase machine performance in terms of output work, efficiency, and even operation mode. We show that this difference in performance occurs in machines with inhomogeneous energy level scaling, while quantum machines with homogeneous level scaling behave like classical machines. Our results demonstrate that quantum thermodynamics enables the realization of classically inconceivable Otto machines, such as those with an incompressible working substance. We propose to measure these effects experimentally using a laser-cooled trapped ion as a microscopic heat machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexei Bylinskii
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dorian Gangloff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rajibul Islam
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletic
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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11
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Tscherbul TV, Brumer P. Non-equilibrium stationary coherences in photosynthetic energy transfer under weak-field incoherent illumination. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124114. [PMID: 29604847 DOI: 10.1063/1.5028121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the quantum dynamics of energy transfer in a model photosynthetic dimer excited by incoherent light and show that the interplay between incoherent pumping and phonon-induced relaxation, dephasing, and trapping leads to the emergence of non-equilibrium stationary states characterized by substantial stationary coherences in the energy basis. We obtain analytic expressions for these coherences in the limits of rapid dephasing of electronic excitations and of small excitonic coupling between the chromophores. The stationary coherences are maximized in the regime where the excitonic coupling is small compared to the trapping rate. We further show that the non-equilibrium coherences anti-correlate with the energy transfer efficiency in the regime of localized coupling to the reaction center and that no correlation exists under delocalized (Förster) trapping conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur V Tscherbul
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Paul Brumer
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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12
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Brandner K, Bauer M, Seifert U. Universal Coherence-Induced Power Losses of Quantum Heat Engines in Linear Response. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:170602. [PMID: 29219425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.170602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We identify a universal indicator for the impact of coherence on periodically driven quantum devices by dividing their power output into a classical contribution and one stemming solely from superpositions. Specializing to Lindblad dynamics and small driving amplitudes, we derive general upper bounds on both the coherent and the total power of cyclic heat engines. These constraints imply that, for sufficiently slow driving, coherence inevitably leads to power losses in the linear-response regime. We illustrate our theory by working out the experimentally relevant example of a single-qubit engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Brandner
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Michael Bauer
- II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Udo Seifert
- II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Mehta V, Johal RS. Quantum Otto engine with exchange coupling in the presence of level degeneracy. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:032110. [PMID: 29346897 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.032110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider a quasistatic quantum Otto cycle using two effectively two-level systems with degeneracy in the excited state. The systems are coupled through isotropic exchange interaction of strength J>0, in the presence of an external magnetic field B which is varied during the cycle. We prove the positive work condition and show that level degeneracy can act as a thermodynamic resource, so that a larger amount of work can be extracted than in the nondegenerate case, both with and without coupling. We also derive an upper bound for the efficiency of the cycle. This bound is the same as derived for a system of coupled spin-1/2 particles [G. Thomas and R. S. Johal, Phys. Rev. E 83, 031135 (2011)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.83.031135], i.e., without degeneracy, and depends only on the control parameters of the Hamiltonian, being independent of the level degeneracy and the reservoir temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Mehta
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli P.O. 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ramandeep S Johal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli P.O. 140306, Punjab, India
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14
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Mukherjee V, Niedenzu W, Kofman AG, Kurizki G. Speed and efficiency limits of multilevel incoherent heat engines. Phys Rev E 2017; 94:062109. [PMID: 28085308 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.062109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive theory of heat engines (HE) based on a quantum-mechanical "working fluid" (WF) with periodically modulated energy levels. The theory is valid for any periodicity of driving Hamiltonians that commute with themselves at all times and do not induce coherence in the WF. Continuous and stroke cycles arise in opposite limits of this theory, which encompasses hitherto unfamiliar cycle forms, dubbed here hybrid cycles. The theory allows us to discover the speed, power, and efficiency limits attainable by incoherently operating multilevel HE depending on the cycle form and the dynamical regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - W Niedenzu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - A G Kofman
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.,CEMS, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Kurizki
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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15
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16
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Dodin A, Tscherbul TV, Brumer P. Quantum dynamics of incoherently driven V-type systems: Analytic solutions beyond the secular approximation. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:244108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amro Dodin
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Timur V. Tscherbul
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Paul Brumer
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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17
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Thingna J, Manzano D, Cao J. Dynamical signatures of molecular symmetries in nonequilibrium quantum transport. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28027. [PMID: 27311717 PMCID: PMC4911572 DOI: 10.1038/srep28027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Symmetries play a crucial role in ubiquitous systems found in Nature. In this work, we propose an elegant approach to detect symmetries by measuring quantum currents. Our detection scheme relies on initiating the system in an anti-symmetric initial condition, with respect to the symmetric sites, and using a probe that acts like a local noise. Depending on the position of the probe the currents exhibit unique signatures such as a quasi-stationary plateau indicating the presence of metastability and multi-exponential decays in case of multiple symmetries. The signatures are sensitive to the characteristics of the probe and vanish completely when the timescale of the coherent system dynamics is much longer than the timescale of the probe. These results are demonstrated using a 4-site model and an archetypal example of the para-benzene ring and are shown to be robust under a weak disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzar Thingna
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chemistry Department, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602
| | - Daniel Manzano
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chemistry Department, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, Engineering Product Development, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia and Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chemistry Department, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602
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18
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Brandner K, Seifert U. Periodic thermodynamics of open quantum systems. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:062134. [PMID: 27415235 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.062134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamics of quantum systems coupled to periodically modulated heat baths and work reservoirs is developed. By identifying affinities and fluxes, the first and the second law are formulated consistently. In the linear response regime, entropy production becomes a quadratic form in the affinities. Specializing to Lindblad dynamics, we identify the corresponding kinetic coefficients in terms of correlation functions of the unperturbed dynamics. Reciprocity relations follow from symmetries with respect to time reversal. The kinetic coefficients can be split into a classical and a quantum contribution subject to an additional constraint, which follows from a natural detailed balance condition. This constraint implies universal bounds on efficiency and power of quantum heat engines. In particular, we show that Carnot efficiency cannot be reached whenever quantum coherence effects are present, i.e., when the Hamiltonian used for work extraction does not commute with the bare system Hamiltonian. For illustration, we specialize our universal results to a driven two-level system in contact with a heat bath of sinusoidally modulated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Brandner
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Udo Seifert
- II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Abstract
We propose a quantum Otto cycle based on the properties of a two-level system in a realistic out-of-thermal-equilibrium electromagnetic field acting as its sole reservoir. This steady configuration is produced without the need of active control over the state of the environment, which is a noncoherent thermal radiation, sustained only by external heat supplied to macroscopic objects. Remarkably, even for nonideal finite-time transformations, it largely over-performs the standard ideal Otto cycle and asymptotically achieves unit efficiency at finite power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Leggio
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mauro Antezza
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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20
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Doyeux P, Leggio B, Messina R, Antezza M. Quantum thermal machine acting on a many-body quantum system: Role of correlations in thermodynamic tasks. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:022134. [PMID: 26986315 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.022134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the functioning of a three-level thermal machine when acting on a many-qubit system, the entire system being placed in an electromagnetic field in a stationary out-of-thermal-equilibrium configuration. This realistic setup stands between the two so-far-explored cases of single-qubit and macroscopic object targets, providing information on the scaling with system size of purely quantum properties in thermodynamic contexts. We show that, thanks to the presence of robust correlations among the qubits induced by the field, thermodynamic tasks can be delivered by the machine both locally to each qubit and collectively to the many-qubit system: This allows a task to be delivered also on systems much bigger than the machine size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Doyeux
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Leggio
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Riccardo Messina
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mauro Antezza
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Chapman A, Miyake A. How an autonomous quantum Maxwell demon can harness correlated information. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:062125. [PMID: 26764650 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.062125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study an autonomous quantum system which exhibits refrigeration under an information-work trade-off like a Maxwell demon. The system becomes correlated as a single "demon" qubit interacts sequentially with memory qubits while in contact with two heat reservoirs of different temperatures. Using strong subadditivity of the von Neumann entropy, we derive a global Clausius inequality to show thermodynamic advantages from access to correlated information. It is demonstrated, in a matrix product density operator formalism, that our demon can simultaneously realize refrigeration against a thermal gradient and erasure of information from its memory, which is impossible without correlations. The phenomenon can be even enhanced by the presence of quantum coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Chapman
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Akimasa Miyake
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Niedenzu W, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Kurizki G. Performance limits of multilevel and multipartite quantum heat machines. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:042123. [PMID: 26565184 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.042123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the general theory of a quantum heat machine based on an N-level system (working medium) whose N-1 excited levels are degenerate, a prerequisite for steady-state interlevel coherence. Our goal is to find out the extent to which coherence in the working medium is an asset for heat machines. The performance bounds of such a machine are common to (reciprocating) cycles that consist of consecutive strokes and continuous cycles wherein the periodically driven system is constantly coupled to cold and hot heat baths. Intriguingly, we find that the machine's performance strongly depends on the relative orientations of the transition-dipole vectors in the system. Perfectly aligned (parallel) transition dipoles allow for steady-state coherence effects, but also give rise to dark states, which hinder steady-state thermalization and thus reduce the machine's performance. Similar thermodynamic properties hold for N two-level atoms conforming to the Dicke model. We conclude that level degeneracy, but not necessarily coherence, is a thermodynamic resource, equally enhancing the heat currents and the power output of the heat machine. By contrast, the efficiency remains unaltered by this degeneracy and adheres to the Carnot bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Niedenzu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Gershon Kurizki
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Abstract
Energy conversion of heat into work at the quantum level is modeled by quantum heat machines (QHMs) generally assumed to operate at weak coupling to the baths. This supposition is grounded in the separability principle between systems and allows the derivation of the evolution equation. In the weak coupling regime, the machine's output is limited by the coupling strength, restricting their application. Seeking to overcome this limitation, we analyze QHMs in the virtually unexplored strong coupling regime here, where separability, as well as other standard thermodynamic assumptions, may no longer hold. We show that strongly coupled QHMs may be as efficient as their weakly coupled counterparts. In addition, we find a novel turnover behavior where their output saturates and disappears in the limit of ultrastrong coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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