1
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Liang T, Yu Q, Yin Z, Chen S, Liu Y, Yang Y, Lou H, Shen B, Zeng Z, Zeng Q. Spatial Resolution Limit for Nanoindentation Mapping on Metallic Glasses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6319. [PMID: 36143630 PMCID: PMC9505929 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity, as a crucial structural feature, has been intensively studied in metallic glasses (MGs) using various techniques, including two-dimensional nanoindentation mapping. However, the limiting spatial resolution of nanoindentation mapping on MGs remains unexplored. In this study, a comprehensive study on four representative MGs using nanoindentation mapping with a Berkovich indenter was carried out by considering the influence of a normalized indentation spacing d/h (indentation spacing/maximum indentation depth). It appeared to have no significant correlation with the measured hardness and elastic modulus when d/h > 10. The hardness and elastic modulus started to increase slightly (up to ~5%) when d/h < 10 and further started to decrease obviously when d/h < 5. The mechanism behind these phenomena was discussed based on a morphology analysis of residual indents using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the highest spatial resolution of ~200 nm could be achieved with d/h = 10 using a typical Berkovich indenter for nanoindentation mapping on MGs, which was roughly ten times the curvature radius of the Berkovich indenter tip (not an ideal triangular pyramid) used in this study. These results help to promote the heterogeneity studies of MGs using nanoindentation that are capable of covering a wide range of length scales with reliable and consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziliang Yin
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Songyi Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongbo Lou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baolong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhidan Zeng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiaoshi Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
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2
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Kirchner KA, Cassar DR, Zanotto ED, Ono M, Kim SH, Doss K, Bødker ML, Smedskjaer MM, Kohara S, Tang L, Bauchy M, Wilkinson CJ, Yang Y, Welch RS, Mancini M, Mauro JC. Beyond the Average: Spatial and Temporal Fluctuations in Oxide Glass-Forming Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 123:1774-1840. [PMID: 35511603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atomic structure dictates the performance of all materials systems; the characteristic of disordered materials is the significance of spatial and temporal fluctuations on composition-structure-property-performance relationships. Glass has a disordered atomic arrangement, which induces localized distributions in physical properties that are conventionally defined by average values. Quantifying these statistical distributions (including variances, fluctuations, and heterogeneities) is necessary to describe the complexity of glass-forming systems. Only recently have rigorous theories been developed to predict heterogeneities to manipulate and optimize glass properties. This article provides a comprehensive review of experimental, computational, and theoretical approaches to characterize and demonstrate the effects of short-, medium-, and long-range statistical fluctuations on physical properties (e.g., thermodynamic, kinetic, mechanical, and optical) and processes (e.g., relaxation, crystallization, and phase separation), focusing primarily on commercially relevant oxide glasses. Rigorous investigations of fluctuations enable researchers to improve the fundamental understanding of the chemistry and physics governing glass-forming systems and optimize structure-property-performance relationships for next-generation technological applications of glass, including damage-resistant electronic displays, safer pharmaceutical vials to store and transport vaccines, and lower-attenuation fiber optics. We invite the reader to join us in exploring what can be discovered by going beyond the average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A Kirchner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel R Cassar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Ilum School of Science, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Edgar D Zanotto
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Madoka Ono
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC Incorporated, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Karan Doss
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mikkel L Bødker
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Shinji Kohara
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Longwen Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Collin J Wilkinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Research and Development, GlassWRX, Beaufort, South Carolina 29906, United States
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rebecca S Welch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew Mancini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John C Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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3
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Makarov AS, Afonin GV, Aronin AS, Kobelev NP, Khonik VA. Thermodynamic approach for the understanding of the kinetics of heat effects induced by structural relaxation of metallic glasses. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:125701. [PMID: 34942612 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach to the understanding of heat effects induced by structural relaxation of metallic glasses. The key idea consists in the application of a general thermodynamic equation for the entropy change due to the evolution of a non-equilibrium part of a complex system. This non-equilibrium part is considered as a defect subsystem of glass and its evolution is governed by local thermoactivated rearrangements with a Gibbs free energy barrier proportional to the high-frequency shear modulus. The only assumption on the nature of the defects is that they should provide a reduction of the shear modulus-a diaelastic effect. This approach allows to determine glass entropy change upon relaxation. On this basis, the kinetics of the heat effects controlled by defect-induced structural relaxation is calculated. A very good agreement between the calculation and specially performed calorimetric and shear modulus measurements on three metallic glasses is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Makarov
- Department of General Physics, State Pedagogical University, Lenin St. 86, Voronezh 394043, Russia
| | - G V Afonin
- Department of General Physics, State Pedagogical University, Lenin St. 86, Voronezh 394043, Russia
| | - A S Aronin
- Department of General Physics, State Pedagogical University, Lenin St. 86, Voronezh 394043, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, Moscow district, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - N P Kobelev
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, Moscow district, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - V A Khonik
- Department of General Physics, State Pedagogical University, Lenin St. 86, Voronezh 394043, Russia
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4
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Du T, Liu H, Tang L, Sørensen SS, Bauchy M, Smedskjaer MM. Predicting Fracture Propensity in Amorphous Alumina from Its Static Structure Using Machine Learning. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17705-17716. [PMID: 34723489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of amorphous alumina (a-Al2O3) have recently been found to deform permanently up to 100% elongation without fracture at room temperature. If the underlying ductile deformation mechanism can be understood at the nanoscale and exploited in bulk samples, it could help to facilitate the design of damage-tolerant glassy materials, the holy grail within glass science. Here, based on atomistic simulations and classification-based machine learning, we reveal that the propensity of a-Al2O3 to exhibit nanoscale ductility is encoded in its static (nonstrained) structure. By considering the fracture response of a series of a-Al2O3 systems quenched under varying pressure, we demonstrate that the degree of nanoductility is correlated with the number of bond switching events, specifically the fraction of 5- and 6-fold coordinated Al atoms, which are able to decrease their coordination numbers under stress. In turn, we find that the tendency for bond switching can be predicted based on a nonintuitive structural descriptor calculated based on the static structure, namely, the recently developed "softness" metric as determined from machine learning. Importantly, the softness metric is here trained from the spontaneous dynamics of the system (i.e., under zero strain) but, interestingly, is able to readily predict the fracture behavior of the glass (i.e., under strain). That is, lower softness facilitates Al bond switching and the local accumulation of high-softness regions leads to rapid crack propagation. These results are helpful for designing glass formulations with improved resistance to fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Han Liu
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Longwen Tang
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Søren S Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
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5
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Tang L, Liu H, Ma G, Du T, Mousseau N, Zhou W, Bauchy M. The energy landscape governs ductility in disordered materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1242-1252. [PMID: 34821917 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on their structure, non-crystalline phases can fail in a brittle or ductile fashion. However, the nature of the link between structure and propensity for ductility in disordered materials has remained elusive. Here, based on molecular dynamics simulations of colloidal gels and silica glasses, we investigate how the degree of structural disorder affects the fracture of disordered materials. As expected, we observe that structural disorder results in an increase in ductility. By applying the activation-relaxation technique (an open-ended saddle point search algorithm), we demonstrate that the propensity for ductility is controlled by the topography of the energy landscape. Interestingly, we observe a power-law relationship between the particle non-affine displacement upon fracture and the average local energy barrier. This reveals that the dynamics of the particles upon fracture is encoded in the static energy landscape, i.e., before any load is applied. This relationship is shown to apply to several classes of non-crystalline materials (oxide and metallic glasses, amorphous solid, and colloidal gels), which suggests that it may be a generic feature of disordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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6
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González-López K, Shivam M, Zheng Y, Ciamarra MP, Lerner E. Mechanical disorder of sticky-sphere glasses. II. Thermomechanical inannealability. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022606. [PMID: 33735957 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many structural glasses feature static and dynamic mechanical properties that can depend strongly on glass formation history. The degree of universality of this history dependence and what it is possibly affected by are largely unexplored. Here we show that the variability of elastic properties of simple computer glasses under thermal annealing depends strongly on the strength of attractive interactions between the glasses' constituent particles-referred to here as glass "stickiness." We find that in stickier glasses the stiffening of the shear modulus with thermal annealing is strongly suppressed, while the thermal-annealing-induced softening of the bulk modulus is enhanced. Our key finding is that the characteristic frequency and density per frequency of soft quasilocalized modes becomes effectively invariant to annealing in very sticky glasses; the latter are therefore deemed "thermomechanically inannealable." The implications of our findings and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina González-López
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mahajan Shivam
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuanjian Zheng
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Gao M, Perepezko JH. Mapping the Viscoelastic Heterogeneity at the Nanoscale in Metallic Glasses by Static Force Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7558-7565. [PMID: 32970446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale viscoelastic heterogeneity is an important concept for understanding the relationship between the microscopic atomic structure and the macroscopic mechanical behaviors in metallic glasses. However, the direct measurement of viscoelastic behavior at the nanoscale is still missing. Here we report a new measurement method based on static force microscopy to directly measure the viscoelastic properties at the nanoscale. The observed adhesive force and elastic modulus maps clearly display a typical hierarchical viscoelastic microstructure consisting of local hard and soft regions. Moreover, the adhesive force is more sensitive than the elastic modulus to viscoelastic heterogeneity and exhibits a bimodal distribution. In addition, we found that the structural relaxation and the rejuvenation effects induce the transition between the solid-like and liquid-like modes. The new measurement technique provides a powerful and quantative tool to investigate the nanoscale heterogeneity and build a connection between the microscopic structure and macroscopic mechanical behaviors in amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John H Perepezko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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8
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Relation Between the Defect Interactions and the Serration Dynamics in a Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For this study, the effects of thermal annealing and compressive strain rate on the complexity of the serration behavior in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated. Here, as-cast and thermally-annealed (300 °C, 1 week) Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 BMG underwent room-temperature compression tests in the unconstrained condition at strain rates of 2 × 10−5 s−1 and 2 × 10−4 s−1. The complexity of the serrated flow was determined, using the refined composite multiscale entropy technique. Nanoindentation testing and X-ray diffraction characterization were performed to assess the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the BMG that occurred during annealing. The results indicated that the BMG did not crystallize during annealing in the prescribed heating condition. Nanoindentation tests revealed that annealing led to a significant increase in the depth-dependent nanoindentation hardness and Young’s modulus, which were attributed to the structural relaxation in the glass. Furthermore, both annealing and an increased strain rate resulted in a marked enhancement in the complexity of the serrated flow during compression. It was concluded that the increase in the sample entropy with increasing strain rate is related to an increase in the number of defect interactions during the serrated flow.
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9
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Konchakov RA, Makarov AS, Kobelev NP, Glezer AM, Wilde G, Khonik VA. Interstitial clustering in metallic systems as a source for the formation of the icosahedral matrix and defects in the glassy state. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:385703. [PMID: 31195372 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab29d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents molecular dynamics and -statics simulations of a prototypical mono-atomic metallic system (aluminum) and its defects in the crystalline and glassy states. It is shown that there is a thermodynamic driving force for the association of dumbbell interstitials in the crystalline lattice into clusters consisting of different amounts of defects. Clusters containing seven interstitials constitute perfect icosahedra. Within the general framework of the interstitialcy theory, melting of simple metallic crystals is intrinsically related to a rapid increase of the concentration of dumbbell interstitials, which remain identifiable structural units in the liquid state. Then, the glass produced by rapid melt quenching contains interstitial-type defects. The idea of the present work is to argue that the major structural feature of many metallic glasses-icosahedral ordering-originates from the clustering of interstitial-type defects frozen-in upon melt quenching. Separate defects and their small clusters represent the defect part of the glassy structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Konchakov
- Department of General Physics, State Pedagogical University, Lenin St. 86, Voronezh, 394043, Russia
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10
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Wakeda M, Saida J. Heterogeneous structural changes correlated to local atomic order in thermal rejuvenation process of Cu-Zr metallic glass. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:632-642. [PMID: 31258826 PMCID: PMC6586098 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1624140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the atomistic mechanism of structural excitation in a thermal process (thermal rejuvenation) of metallic glass. In a molecular dynamics framework, Cu-Zr metallic glass was rejuvenated by a thermal process composed of an isothermal heat treatment at a temperature above the glass transition temperature T g , followed by fast cooling. Atomistic analyses of the local rearrangement, potential energy, and geometrical structure revealed structural changes correlating to the local atomic order in the rejuvenation process. In the early stage of the heat treatment for thermal rejuvenation, the structural excitation exhibited spatial heterogeneity at the nanometer scale. More-excited regions (i.e., regions with large atomic non-affine and affine transformations) exhibited low-ordered structures and vice versa, implying that the local structural excitation is significantly correlated with the local atomic order. The structural excitation transitioned from partial to whole as the isothermal process proceeded above T g . Although rejuvenation decreased the ordered structure, the calculation results suggested the formation of newly ordered local structures and newly disordered local structures correlated to local structural excitations and atomic dynamics in the thermal process. These results indicate that the heterogeneous structure evolution of the rejuvenation process induces a redistribution of the local atomic order in the microstructure of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Wakeda
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junji Saida
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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11
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Metallic Glasses: A New Approach to the Understanding of the Defect Structure and Physical Properties. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The work is devoted to a brief overview of the Interstitialcy Theory (IT) as applied to different relaxation phenomena occurring in metallic glasses upon structural relaxation and crystallization. The basic hypotheses of the IT and their experimental verification are shortly considered. The main focus is given on the interpretation of recent experiments on the heat effects, volume changes and their link with the shear modulus relaxation. The issues related to the development of the IT and its relationship with other models on defects in metallic glasses are discussed.
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12
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Qin YS, Han XL, Song KK, Tian YH, Peng CX, Wang L, Sun BA, Wang G, Kaban I, Eckert J. Local melting to design strong and plastically deformable bulk metallic glass composites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42518. [PMID: 28211890 PMCID: PMC5304197 DOI: 10.1038/srep42518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, CuZr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) composites reinforced by the TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) effect have been explored in attempt to accomplish an optimal of trade-off between strength and ductility. However, the design of such BMG composites with advanced mechanical properties still remains a big challenge for materials engineering. In this work, we proposed a technique of instantaneously and locally arc-melting BMG plate to artificially induce the precipitation of B2 crystals in the glassy matrix and then to tune mechanical properties. Through adjusting local melting process parameters (i.e. input powers, local melting positions, and distances between the electrode and amorphous plate), the size, volume fraction, and distribution of B2 crystals were well tailored and the corresponding formation mechanism was clearly clarified. The resultant BMG composites exhibit large compressive plasticity and high strength together with obvious work-hardening ability. This compelling approach could be of great significance for the steady development of metastable CuZr-based alloys with excellent mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Sheng Qin
- School of Mechanical, Electrical &Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua Xilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Han
- School of Mechanical, Electrical &Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua Xilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Kai Song
- School of Mechanical, Electrical &Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua Xilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hao Tian
- School of Mechanical, Electrical &Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua Xilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Xiao Peng
- School of Mechanical, Electrical &Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua Xilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical, Electrical &Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua Xilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Bao-An Sun
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ivan Kaban
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria.,Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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13
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Li W, Gao Y, Bei H. Instability Analysis and Free Volume Simulations of Shear Band Directions and Arrangements in Notched Metallic Glasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34878. [PMID: 27721462 PMCID: PMC5056513 DOI: 10.1038/srep34878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a commonly used method to enhance the ductility in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), the introduction of geometric constraints blocks and confines the propagation of the shear bands, reduces the degree of plastic strain on each shear band so that the catastrophic failure is prevented or delayed, and promotes the formation of multiple shear bands. The clustering of multiple shear bands near notches is often interpreted as the reason for improved ductility. Experimental works on the shear band arrangements in notched metallic glasses have been extensively carried out, but a systematic theoretical study is lacking. Using instability theory that predicts the onset of strain localization and the free-volume-based finite element simulations that predict the evolution of shear bands, this work reveals various categories of shear band arrangements in double edge notched BMGs with respect to the mode mixity of the applied stress fields. A mechanistic explanation is thus provided to a number of related experiments and especially the correlation between various types of shear bands and the stress state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.,Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 , USA
| | - Hongbin Bei
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 , USA
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14
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Structural evolution and strength change of a metallic glass at different temperatures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30876. [PMID: 27484873 PMCID: PMC4971481 DOI: 10.1038/srep30876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural evolution of a Zr64.13Cu15.75Ni10.12Al10 metallic glass is investigated in-situ by high-energy synchrotron X-ray radiation upon heating up to crystallization. The structural rearrangements on the atomic scale during the heating process are analysed as a function of temperature, focusing on shift of the peaks of the structure factor in reciprocal space and the pair distribution function and radial distribution function in real space which are correlated with atomic rearrangements and progressing nanocrystallization. Thermal expansion and contraction of the coordination shells is measured and correlated with the bulk coefficient of thermal expansion. The characteristics of the microstructure and the yield strength of the metallic glass at high temperature are discussed aiming to elucidate the correlation between the atomic arrangement and the mechanical properties.
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15
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Lu YM, Zeng JF, Wang S, Sun BA, Wang Q, Lu J, Gravier S, Bladin JJ, Wang WH, Pan MX, Liu CT, Yang Y. Structural Signature of Plasticity Unveiled by Nano-Scale Viscoelastic Contact in a Metallic Glass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29357. [PMID: 27383387 PMCID: PMC4935946 DOI: 10.1038/srep29357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Room-temperature plasticity in metallic glasses (MGs) is commonly associated with local structural heterogeneity; however, direct observation of the subtle structural change caused by plasticity is vitally important but the data are extremely scarce. Based on dynamic atomic force microscopy (DAFM), here we show that plasticity-induced structural evolution in a Zr-Ni MG can be revealed via nano-scale viscoelastic contacts between an AFM tip and plastically deformed MG surface layers. Our experimental results clearly show a spatial amplification of the nano-scale structural heterogeneity caused by the distributed plastic flow, which can be linked to the limited growth, reorientation and agglomeration of some nano-scale energy-absorbing regions, which are reminiscent of the behavior of the defect-like regions with non-affine deformation as conceived in many theories and models. Furthermore, we are able to experimentally extract the thermodynamic properties of these nano-scale regions, which possess an energy barrier of 0.3–0.5 eV, about half of that for a typical shear transformation event that usually occurs at the onset of plasticity. The outcome of our current work sheds quantitative insights into the correlation between plasticity and structural heterogeneity in MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J F Zeng
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Wang
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B A Sun
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Q Wang
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Lu
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Gravier
- Université de Grenoble, CNRS, SIMAP Laboratory, UJF, Grenoble INP, BP46, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - J J Bladin
- Université de Grenoble, CNRS, SIMAP Laboratory, UJF, Grenoble INP, BP46, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - M X Pan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - C T Liu
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y Yang
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Towards the Better: Intrinsic Property Amelioration in Bulk Metallic Glasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27271. [PMID: 27273477 PMCID: PMC4897615 DOI: 10.1038/srep27271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the intrinsic length-scale effects in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) via post-heat treatment necessitates a systematic analyzing strategy. Although various achievements were made in the past years to structurally enhance the properties of different BMG alloys, the influence of short-term sub-glass transition annealing on the relaxation kinetics is still not fully covered. Here, we aim for unraveling the connection between the physical, (thermo)mechanical and structural changes as a function of selected pre-annealing temperatures and time scales with an in-house developed Cu46Zr44Al8Hf2 based BMG alloy. The controlled formation of nanocrystals below 50 nm with homogenous distribution inside the matrix phase via thermal treatment increase the material's resistance to strain softening by almost an order of magnitude. The present work determines the design aspects of metallic glasses with enhanced mechanical properties via nanostructural modifications, while postulating a counter-argument to the intrinsic property degradation accounted for long-term annealing.
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17
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Lefever JA, Jacobs TDB, Tam Q, Hor JL, Huang YR, Lee D, Carpick RW. Heterogeneity in the Small-Scale Deformation Behavior of Disordered Nanoparticle Packings. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2455-2462. [PMID: 26977533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation is used to image and probe the local mechanical properties of thin disordered nanoparticle packings. The probed region is limited to the size of a few particles, and an individual particle can be loaded and displaced to a fraction of a single particle radius. The results demonstrate heterogeneous mechanical response that is location-dependent. The weak locations may be analogous to the "soft spots" previously predicted in glasses and other disordered packings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Lefever
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tevis D B Jacobs
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Qizhan Tam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jyo Lyn Hor
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yun-Ru Huang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert W Carpick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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