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Duan H, Tao N, Lv L, Yan KX, You YG, Mao Z, Wang CY, Li X, Jin JY, Wu CT, Wang H. Hepatocyte growth factor enhances the ability of dental pulp stem cells to ameliorate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:575-590. [PMID: 38817328 PMCID: PMC11135256 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease of blood vessels, is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are capable of exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by secreting cytokines and exosomes and are widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammation-related diseases. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a key role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. AIM To modify DPSCs with HGF (DPSC-HGF) and evaluate the therapeutic effect of DPSC-HGF on AS using an apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mouse model and an in vitro cellular model. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk and injected with DPSC-HGF or Ad-Null modified DPSCs (DPSC-Null) through tail vein at weeks 4, 7, and 11, respectively, and the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms were analyzed by histopathology, flow cytometry, lipid and glucose measurements, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the different time points of the experiment. An in vitro inflammatory cell model was established by using RAW264.7 cells and human aortic endothelial cells (HAOECs), and indirect co-cultured with supernatant of DPSC-Null (DPSC-Null-CM) or DPSC-HGF-CM, and the effect and mechanisms were analyzed by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blot. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activators and inhibitors were also used to validate the related signaling pathways. RESULTS DPSC-Null and DPSC-HGF treatments decreased the area of atherosclerotic plaques and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, and the percentage of macrophages in the aorta, and DPSC-HGF treatment had more pronounced effects. DPSCs treatment had no effect on serum lipoprotein levels. The FACS results showed that DPSCs treatment reduced the percentages of monocytes, neutrophils, and M1 macrophages in the peripheral blood and spleen. DPSC-Null-CM and DPSC-HGF-CM reduced adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor-α stimulated HAOECs and regulated M1 polarization and inflammatory factor expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggested that DPSC-HGF could more effectively ameliorate AS in ApoE-/- mice on a HFD, and could be of greater value in stem cell-based treatments for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning Tao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Kai-Xin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yong-Gang You
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhuang Mao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chang-Yao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jia-Yan Jin
- Third Cadet Regiment, School of Basic Medical Science, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Habiba UE, Khan N, Greene DL, Shamim S, Umer A. The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:537-570. [PMID: 38418620 PMCID: PMC10963471 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes chronic kidney damage despite best medical practices. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) arises from a complex interaction of factors within the kidney and the whole body. Targeting specific disease-causing agents using drugs has not been effective in treating DKD. However, stem cell therapies offer a promising alternative by addressing multiple disease pathways and promoting kidney regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer great promise due to their superior accessibility ratio from adult tissues and remarkable modes of action, such as the production of paracrine anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective substances. This review critically evaluates the development of MSC treatment for DKD as it moves closer to clinical application. Results from animal models suggest that systemic MSC infusion may positively impact DKD progression. However, few registered and completed clinical trials exist, and whether the treatments are effective in humans is still being determined. Significant knowledge gaps and research opportunities exist, including establishing the ideal source, dose, and timing of MSC delivery, better understanding of in vivo mechanisms, and developing quantitative indicators to obtain a more significant therapeutic response. This paper reviews recent literature on using MSCs in preclinical and clinical trials in DKD. Potent biomarkers related to DKD are also highlighted, which may help better understand MSCs' action in this disease progression. KEY MESSAGES: Mesenchymal stem cells have anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects in diabetic kidney disease. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate in animal models having diabetic kidney disease. Mesenchymal stem cells possess promise for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm E Habiba
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA.
| | - Nasar Khan
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA.
- Bello Bio Labs and Therapeutics (SMC) Pvt. Ltd., Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - David Lawrence Greene
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
- Bello Bio Labs and Therapeutics (SMC) Pvt. Ltd., Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sabiha Shamim
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
| | - Amna Umer
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
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3
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Ma Y, Gu T, He S, He S, Jiang Z. Development of stem cell therapy for atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:779-791. [PMID: 37178375 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a high incidence and low cure rate worldwide, and atherosclerosis (AS) is the main factor inducing cardiovascular disease, of which lipid deposition in the vessel wall is the main marker of AS. Currently, although statins can be used to lower lipids and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in AS, the cure rate for AS remains low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches, and stem cells are now widely studied, while stem cells are a class of cell types that always maintain the ability to differentiate and can differentiate to form other cells and tissues, and stem cell transplantation techniques have shown efficacy in the treatment of other diseases. With the establishment of cellular therapies and continued research in stem cell technology, stem cells are also being used to address the problem of AS. In this paper, we focus on recent research advances in stem cell therapy for AS and briefly summarize the relevant factors that induce the formation of AS. We mainly discuss the efficacy and application prospects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of AS, in addition to the partial role and potential of exosomes in the treatment of AS. Further, provide new ideas for the clinical application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Tianhe Gu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi He
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shuya He
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Egea V. Caught in action: how MSCs modulate atherosclerotic plaque. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1379091. [PMID: 38601079 PMCID: PMC11004314 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1379091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a medical condition marked by the stiffening and constriction of the arteries. This is caused by the accumulation of plaque, a substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other elements present in the blood. Over time, this plaque solidifies and constricts the arteries, restricting the circulation of oxygen-rich blood to the organs and other body parts. The onset and progression of AS involve a continuous inflammatory response, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells, foam cells derived from monocytes/macrophages, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a type of multipotent stem cells originating from various body tissues, have recently been demonstrated to have a protective and regulatory role in diseases involving inflammation. Consequently, the transplantation of MSCs is being proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis treatment. This mini-review intends to provide a summary of the regulatory effects of MSCs at the plaque site to lay the groundwork for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Egea
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Zhang L, Wu X, Hong L. Endothelial Reprogramming in Atherosclerosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:325. [PMID: 38671747 PMCID: PMC11048243 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a severe vascular disease that results in millions of cases of mortality each year. The development of atherosclerosis is associated with vascular structural lesions, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, lipids, and an extracellular matrix at the intimal resulting in the formation of an atheromatous plaque. AS involves complex interactions among various cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of AS. Endothelial dysfunction can encompass a constellation of various non-adaptive dynamic alterations of biology and function, termed "endothelial reprogramming". This phenomenon involves transitioning from a quiescent, anti-inflammatory state to a pro-inflammatory and proatherogenic state and alterations in endothelial cell identity, such as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and endothelial-to-immune cell-like transition (EndIT). Targeting these processes to restore endothelial balance and prevent cell identity shifts, alongside modulating epigenetic factors, can attenuate atherosclerosis progression. In the present review, we discuss the role of endothelial cells in AS and summarize studies in endothelial reprogramming associated with the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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6
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Habiba UE, Khan N, Greene DL, Shamim S, Umer A. The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00109-024-02432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes chronic kidney damage despite best medical practices. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) arises from a complex interaction of factors within the kidney and the whole body. Targeting specific disease-causing agents using drugs has not been effective in treating DKD. However, stem cell therapies offer a promising alternative by addressing multiple disease pathways and promoting kidney regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer great promise due to their superior accessibility ratio from adult tissues and remarkable modes of action, such as the production of paracrine anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective substances. This review critically evaluates the development of MSC treatment for DKD as it moves closer to clinical application. Results from animal models suggest that systemic MSC infusion may positively impact DKD progression. However, few registered and completed clinical trials exist, and whether the treatments are effective in humans is still being determined. Significant knowledge gaps and research opportunities exist, including establishing the ideal source, dose, and timing of MSC delivery, better understanding of in vivo mechanisms, and developing quantitative indicators to obtain a more significant therapeutic response. This paper reviews recent literature on using MSCs in preclinical and clinical trials in DKD. Potent biomarkers related to DKD are also highlighted, which may help better understand MSCs’ action in this disease progression.
Key messages
Mesenchymal stem cells have anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects in diabetic kidney disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate in animal models having diabetic kidney disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells possess promise for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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7
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Pan Q, Chen C, Yang YJ. Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:1-27. [PMID: 38057537 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by impairment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, continuous systemic and focal inflammation and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is documented as the traditional cellular paradigm. However, the mechanisms appear much more complicated than we thought since a bulk of studies on efferocytosis, transdifferentiation and novel cell death forms such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and extracellular trap were reported. Discovery of novel pathological cellular landscapes provides a large number of therapeutic targets. On the other side, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current treatment with lipid-lowering drugs as the cornerstone also restricts the efforts to reduce global AS burden. Stem cell- or nanoparticle-based strategies spurred a lot of attention due to the attractive therapeutic effects and minimized adverse effects. Given the complexity of pathological changes of AS, attempts to develop an almighty medicine based on single mechanisms could be theoretically challenging. In this review, the top stories in the cellular landscapes during the initiation and progression of AS and the therapies were summarized in an integrated perspective to facilitate efforts to develop a multi-targets strategy and fill the gap between mechanism research and clinical translation. The future challenges and improvements were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Yu M, Cheng X. Editorial Commentary: Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:241-243. [PMID: 38277018 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wang Y, Gao T, Wang B. Application of mesenchymal stem cells for anti-senescence and clinical challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:260. [PMID: 37726805 PMCID: PMC10510299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a hot topic nowadays, which shows the accumulation of senescent cells and inflammatory factors, leading to the occurrence of various senescence-related diseases. Although some methods have been identified to partly delay senescence, such as strengthening exercise, restricting diet, and some drugs, these only slow down the process of senescence and cannot fundamentally delay or even reverse senescence. Stem cell-based therapy is expected to be a potential effective way to alleviate or cure senescence-related disorders in the coming future. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most widely used cell type in treating various diseases due to their potentials of self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, paracrine action, and immunoregulatory effects. Some biological characteristics of MSCs can be well targeted at the pathological features of aging. Therefore, MSC-based therapy is also a promising strategy to combat senescence-related diseases. Here we review the recent progresses of MSC-based therapies in the research of age-related diseases and the challenges in clinical application, proving further insight and reference for broad application prospects of MSCs in effectively combating senesce in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyun Gao
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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Sekenova A, Li Y, Issabekova A, Saparov A, Ogay V. TNF-α Preconditioning Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Experimental Model of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:2262. [PMID: 37759485 PMCID: PMC10526914 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory disease involving multiple factors in its initiation and development. In recent years, the potential application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating AS has been investigated. This study examined the effect of TNF-α preconditioning on MSCs' therapeutic efficacy in treating AS in ApoE KO mice. TNF-α-treated MSCs were administered to high-fat diet-treated ApoE KO mice. Cytokine and serum lipid levels were measured before and after treatment. Cryosections of the atherosclerotic aorta were stained with Oil-Red-O, and the relative areas of atherosclerotic lesions were measured. The level of Tregs were increased in TNF-α-MSC-treated animals compared to the MSCs group. In addition, the systemic administration of TNF-α-MSCs to ApoE KO mice reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ and increased the level of the immunosuppressive IL-10 in the blood serum. Total cholesterol and LDL levels were decreased, and HDL levels were increased in the TNF-α-MSCs group of ApoE KO mice. A histological analysis showed that TNF-α-MSCs decreased the size of the atherosclerotic lesion in the aorta of ApoE KO mice by 38%, although there was no significant difference when compared with untreated MSCs. Thus, our data demonstrate that TNF-α-MSCs are more effective at treating AS than untreated MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Sekenova
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yelena Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Issabekova
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vyacheslav Ogay
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Li Y, Shi G, Liang W, Shang H, Li H, Han Y, Zhao W, Bai L, Qin C. Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Alleviates Atherosclerotic Plaque by Inhibiting Ox-LDL Uptake, Inflammatory Reaction and Endothelial Damage in Rabbits. Cells 2023; 12:1936. [PMID: 37566014 PMCID: PMC10417209 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries fueled by lipids. It is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to regulate the activation state of macrophages and exhibit anti-inflammatory capabilities. However, the effect of allogeneic ADSCs in the treatment of AS have not been investigated. In this study, the early treatment effect and preliminary mechanism analysis of allogeneic rabbit ADSCs intravenous transplantation were investigated in a high-fat diet rabbit model. The polarization mechanism of rabbit ADSCs on the macrophage was further analyzed in vitro. Compared with the model group, blood lipid levels declined, the plaque area, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, scavenger receptor A1 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 36 levels were all significantly reduced, and the accumulation of inflammatory M1 macrophages, apoptosis, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression were decreased. The endothelial cells (CD31), M2 macrophages, IL-10 and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels increased. In vitro, ADSCs can promote the M1 macrophage phenotypic switch toward the M2 macrophage through their secreted exosomes, and the main mechanism includes increasing arginase 1 expression and IL-10 secretion, declining inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and TNF-α secretion, and activating the STAT6 pathway. Therefore, allogeneic rabbit ADSC transplantation can transmigrate to the aortic atherosclerotic plaques and show a good effect in lowering blood lipids and alleviating atherosclerotic plaque in the early stage of AS by inhibiting ox-LDL uptake, inflammatory response, and endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exosomes are lipid-bound particles that carry lipids, protein, and nucleic acid and affect cellular function. This review highlights the current knowledge on the crosstalk between exosomes and lipid metabolism and their impact on cardiometabolic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies revealed that lipids and lipid metabolizing enzymes are important for exosome biogenesis and internalization and conversely how exosomes affect lipid metabolism, secretion, and degradation. The interplay between exosomes and lipid metabolism affects disease pathophysiology. More importantly, exosomes and lipids might function as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or possibly therapies. SUMMARY Recent advances in our understanding of exosomes and lipid metabolism have implications for our understanding of normal cellular and physiological functions as well as disease pathogenesis. Exosome and lipid metabolism have implications in novel diagnostic tests and treatments of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Zein Abdin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Apple Ziquan Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Mark Chandy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Cardiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Perin EC, Borow KM, Henry TD, Mendelsohn FO, Miller LW, Swiggum E, Adler ED, Chang DH, Fish RD, Bouchard A, Jenkins M, Yaroshinsky A, Hayes J, Rutman O, James CW, Rose E, Itescu S, Greenberg B. Randomized Trial of Targeted Transendocardial Mesenchymal Precursor Cell Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:849-863. [PMID: 36858705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) are allogeneic, immunoselected cells with anti-inflammatory properties that could improve outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). OBJECTIVES This study assessed the efficacy and safety of MPCs in patients with high-risk HFrEF. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study evaluated a single transendocardial administration procedure of MPCs or sham-control in 565 intention-to-treat patients with HFrEF on guideline-directed therapies. The primary endpoint was time-to-recurrent events caused by decompensated HFrEF or successfully resuscitated symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias. Hierarchical secondary endpoints included components of the primary endpoint, time-to-first terminal cardiac events, and all-cause death. Separate and composite major adverse cardiovascular events analyses were performed for myocardial infarction or stroke or cardiovascular death. Baseline and 12-month echocardiography was performed. Baseline plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were evaluated for disease severity. RESULTS The primary endpoint was similar between treatment groups (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.81-1.69; P = 0.41) as were terminal cardiac events and secondary endpoints. Compared with control subjects, MPCs increased left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline to 12 months, especially in patients with inflammation. MPCs decreased the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke by 58% (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.23-0.76) and the risk of 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events by 28% (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.51-1.03) in the analysis population (n = 537), and by 75% (HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09-0.66) and 38% (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39-1.00), respectively, in patients with inflammation (baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS The primary and secondary endpoints of the trial were negative. Positive signals in prespecified, and post hoc exploratory analyses suggest MPCs may improve outcomes, especially in patients with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson C Perin
- Center for Clinical Research, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | | | - Timothy D Henry
- Department of Cardiology, The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Farrell O Mendelsohn
- Princeton Baptist Medical Center, Cardiology PC Research, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Leslie W Miller
- Department of Cardiology, Morton Plant Hospital, Clearwater, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth Swiggum
- Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric D Adler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David H Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - R David Fish
- Center for Clinical Research, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alain Bouchard
- Princeton Baptist Medical Center, Cardiology PC Research, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret Jenkins
- Global Pharma Consulting Pty, Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Rose
- Mesoblast, Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Barry Greenberg
- Division of Cardiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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14
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Papastamos C, Antonopoulos AS, Simantiris S, Koumallos N, Theofilis P, Sagris M, Tsioufis K, Androulakis E, Tousoulis D. Stem Cell-based Therapies in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Outcomes. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2795-2801. [PMID: 37641986 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230828102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 years of intensified research in the field of stem cells brought about unprecedented possibilities in treating heart diseases. The investigators were initially fascinated by the idea of regenerating the lost myocardium and replacing it with new functional cardiomyocytes, but this was extremely challenging. However, the multifactorial effects of stem cell-based therapies beyond mere cardiomyocyte generation, caused by paracrine signaling, would open up new possibilities in treating cardiovascular diseases. To date, there is a strong body of evidence that the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects of stem cell therapy may alleviate atherosclerosis progression. In the present review, our objective is to provide a brief overview of the stem cell-based therapeutic options. We aim to delineate the pathophysiological mechanisms of their beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases especially in coronary artery disease and to highlight some conclusions from important clinical studies in the field of regenerative medicine in cardiovascular diseases and how we could further move onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Papastamos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Simantiris
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koumallos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Sagris
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Yao G, Qi J, Li X, Tang X, Li W, Chen W, Xia N, Wang S, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alleviated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus through reducing MDSCs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:328. [PMID: 35850768 PMCID: PMC9290280 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation alleviates atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains elusive. In this study, we aim to explore the efficacy and mechanism of MSC in ameliorating atherosclerosis in SLE. Methods ApoE−/− and Fas−/− mice on the B6 background were cross-bred to generate SLE mice with atherosclerosis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were sorted and quantified. The apoE−/−Fas−/− mice were either treated with anti-Gr antibody or injected with MDSCs. The lupus-like autoimmunity and atherosclerotic lesions were evaluated. Furthermore, the apoE−/−Fas−/− mice were transplanted with MSCs and lupus-like autoimmunity and atherosclerotic lesions were assessed. Results MDSCs in peripheral blood, spleen, draining lymph nodes increased in apoE−/−Fas−/− mice compared with B6 mice. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of MDSCs aggravated both atherosclerosis and SLE pathologies, whereas depleting MDSCs ameliorated those pathologies in apoE−/−Fas−/− mice. MSC transplantation in apoE−/−Fas−/− mice decreased the percentage of MDSCs, alleviated the typical atherosclerotic lesions, including atherosclerotic lesions in aortae and liver, and reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels. MSC transplantation also reduced SLE pathologies, including splenomegaly, glomerular lesions, anti-dsDNA antibody in serum, urine protein and serum creatinine. Moreover, MSC transplantation regulated the generation and function of MDSCs through secreting prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2). Conclusion Taken together, these results indicated that the increased MDSCs contributed to atherosclerosis in SLE. MSC transplantation ameliorated the atherosclerosis and SLE through reducing MDSCs by secreting PGE2. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03002-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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16
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S S, Dahal S, Bastola S, Dayal S, Yau J, Ramamurthi A. Stem Cell Based Approaches to Modulate the Matrix Milieu in Vascular Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879977. [PMID: 35783852 PMCID: PMC9242410 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex and dynamic framework for cells, characterized by tissue-specific biophysical, mechanical, and biochemical properties. ECM components in vascular tissues provide structural support to vascular cells and modulate their function through interaction with specific cell-surface receptors. ECM–cell interactions, together with neurotransmitters, cytokines, hormones and mechanical forces imposed by blood flow, modulate the structural organization of the vascular wall. Changes in the ECM microenvironment, as in post-injury degradation or remodeling, lead to both altered tissue function and exacerbation of vascular pathologies. Regeneration and repair of the ECM are thus critical toward reinstating vascular homeostasis. The self-renewal and transdifferentiating potential of stem cells (SCs) into other cell lineages represents a potentially useful approach in regenerative medicine, and SC-based approaches hold great promise in the development of novel therapeutics toward ECM repair. Certain adult SCs, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), possess a broader plasticity and differentiation potential, and thus represent a viable option for SC-based therapeutics. However, there are significant challenges to SC therapies including, but not limited to cell processing and scaleup, quality control, phenotypic integrity in a disease milieu in vivo, and inefficient delivery to the site of tissue injury. SC-derived or -inspired strategies as a putative surrogate for conventional cell therapy are thus gaining momentum. In this article, we review current knowledge on the patho-mechanistic roles of ECM components in common vascular disorders and the prospects of developing adult SC based/inspired therapies to modulate the vascular tissue environment and reinstate vessel homeostasis in these disorders.
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17
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La Rose AM, Groenen AG, Halmos B, Bazioti V, Rutten MG, Krishnamurthy KA, Koster MH, Kloosterhuis NJ, Smit M, Havinga R, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Kuipers F, Oosterveer MH, Westerterp M. Increased atherosclerosis in a mouse model of glycogen storage disease type 1a. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100872. [PMID: 35782606 PMCID: PMC9248218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD Ia) is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism. Despite severe hyperlipidemia, GSD Ia patients show limited atherogenesis compared to age-and-gender matched controls. Employing a GSD Ia mouse model that resembles the severe hyperlipidemia in patients, we here found increased atherogenesis in GSD Ia. These data provide a rationale for investigating atherogenesis in GSD Ia in a larger patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M. La Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk G. Groenen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Benedek Halmos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Venetia Bazioti
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn G.S. Rutten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kishore A. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, ERIBA Building 3226 room 04.14, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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18
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Regenerative Medicine Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1387:25-42. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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19
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Al Subayyil A, Basmaeil YS, Alenzi R, Khatlani T. Human Placental Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal cells (pMSCs) inhibit agonist-induced platelet functions reducing atherosclerosis and thrombosis phenotypes. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9268-9280. [PMID: 34535958 PMCID: PMC8500971 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells isolated from human term placenta (pMSCs) have potential to treat clinically manifested inflammatory diseases. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and platelets play a contributory role towards its pathogenesis. During transplantation, MSCs interact with platelets and exert influence on their functional outcome. In this study, we investigated the consequences of interaction between pMSCs and platelets, and its impact on platelet-mediated atherosclerosis in vitro. Human platelets were treated with various types of pMSCs either directly or with their secretome, and their effect on agonist-mediated platelet activation and functional characteristics were evaluated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as control. The impact of pMSCs treatment on platelets was evaluated by the expression of activation markers and by platelet functional analysis. A subset of pMSCs reduced agonist-induced activation of platelets, both via direct contact and with secretome treatments. Decrease in platelet activation translated into diminished spreading, limited adhesion and minimized aggregation. In addition, pMSCs decreased oxidized LDL (ox-LDL)-inducedCD36-mediated platelet activation, establishing their protective role in atherosclerosis. Gene expression and protein analysis show that pMSCs express pro- and anti-thrombotic proteins, which might be responsible for the modulation of agonist-induced platelet functions. These data suggest the therapeutic benefits of pMSCs in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Subayyil
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser S Basmaeil
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alenzi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Ma J, Chen L, Zhu X, Li Q, Hu L, Li H. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-21a-5p promotes M2 macrophage polarization and reduces macrophage infiltration to attenuate atherosclerosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1227-1236. [PMID: 34350954 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main pathological basis for ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have the potential to alleviate AS, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of MSC-derived exosomes in AS. The AS mouse model was prepared by feeding ApoE-/- mice with high-fat diet. AS mice were administered with MSC-derived exosomes, and the atherosclerotic plaque area was analyzed by Oil Red O staining. Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with MSC-derived exosomes. The macrophage infiltration, macrophage proportion, and cell migration were estimated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, or Transwell assay. The relationship between miR-21a-5p and kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 2 (ERK2) was verified by luciferase reporter assay. We found that MSC-derived exosomes promoted M2 polarization of macrophages and reduced plaque area and macrophage infiltration in AS mice. miR-21a-5p overexpression caused an increase of M2 macrophages in RAW264.7 cells and led to a decrease in migration of RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, both KLF6 and ERK2 are the targets of miR-21a-5p. MSC-derived exosomes containing miR-21a-5p promoted M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells by suppressing KLF6 expression. MSC-derived exosomes containing miR-21a-5p inhibited migration of RAW264.7 cells through inhibiting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, MSC-derived exosomes containing miR-21a-5p promote macrophage polarization and reduce macrophage infiltration by targeting KLF6 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby attenuating the development of AS. Thus, MSC-derived exosomes may be a promising treatment for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Liqun Hu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
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21
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Kirwin T, Gomes A, Amin R, Sufi A, Goswami S, Wang B. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in atherosclerosis. Regen Med 2021; 16:669-682. [PMID: 34189963 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition resulting in the formation of fibrofatty plaques within the intimal layer of arterial walls. The identification of resident stem cells in the vascular wall has led to significant investigation into their contributions to health and disease, as well as their therapeutic potential. Of these, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely studied in human clinical trials, which have demonstrated a modulatory role in vascular physiology and disease. This review highlights the most recent knowledge surrounding the cell biology of MSCs, including their origin, identification markers and differentiation potential. The limitations concerning the implementation of MSC therapy are considered and novel solutions to overcome these are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kirwin
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, UK.,College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ana Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Ravi Amin
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Annam Sufi
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, UK.,GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sahil Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, UK.,Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Brian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, UK
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22
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Li W, Jiao X, Song J, Sui B, Guo Z, Zhao Y, Li J, Shi S, Huang Q. Therapeutic potential of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth infusion into patients with type 2 diabetes depends on basal lipid levels and islet function. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:956-967. [PMID: 33660433 PMCID: PMC8235136 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential in treating patients with diabetes, but the therapeutic effects are not always achieved. Particularly, the clinical factors regulating MSC therapy in this setting are largely unknown. In this study, 24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with insulin were selected to receive three intravenous infusions of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) over the course of 6 weeks and were followed up for 12 months. We observed a significant reduction of glycosylated serum albumin level (P < .05) and glycosylated hemoglobin level (P < .05) after SHED transplantation. The total effective rate was 86.36% and 68.18%, respectively, at the end of treatment and follow‐up periods. Three patients ceased insulin injections after SHED transplantation. A steamed bread meal test showed that the serum levels of postprandial C‐peptide at 2 hours were significantly higher than those at the baseline (P < .05). Further analysis showed that patients with a high level of blood cholesterol and a low baseline level of C‐peptide had poor response to SHED transplantation. Some patients experienced a transient fever (11.11%), fatigue (4.17%), or rash (1.39%) after SHED transplantation, which were easily resolved. In summary, SHED infusion is a safe and effective therapy to improve glucose metabolism and islet function in patients with T2DM. Blood lipid levels and baseline islet function may serve as key factors contributing to the therapeutic outcome of MSC transplantation in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingji Zhao
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Easter Greenland Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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23
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Kizilay Mancini O, Huynh DN, Menard L, Shum-Tim D, Ong H, Marleau S, Colmegna I, Servant MJ. Ex vivo Ikkβ ablation rescues the immunopotency of mesenchymal stromal cells from diabetics with advanced atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:756-766. [PMID: 32339220 PMCID: PMC7898947 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes is a conventional risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of death among these patients. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis have impaired ability to suppress activated T-cells (i.e. reduced immunopotency). This is mediated by an inflammatory shift in MSC-secreted soluble factors (i.e. pro-inflammatory secretome) and can contribute to the reduced therapeutic effects of autologous T2DM and atherosclerosis-MSC post-MI. The signalling pathways driving the altered secretome of atherosclerosis- and T2DM-MSC are unknown. Specifically, the effect of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) modulation, a key regulator of inflammatory responses, on the immunopotency of MSCs from T2DM patients with advanced atherosclerosis has not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue obtained from patients with (i) atherosclerosis and T2DM (atherosclerosis+T2DM MSCs, n = 17) and (ii) atherosclerosis without T2DM (atherosclerosis MSCs, n = 17). MSCs from atherosclerosis+T2DM individuals displayed an inflammatory senescent phenotype and constitutively expressed active forms of effectors of the canonical IKKβ nuclear factor-κB transcription factors inflammatory pathway. Importantly, this constitutive pro-inflammatory IKKβ signature resulted in an altered secretome and impaired in vitro immunopotency and in vivo healing capacity in an acute MI model. Notably, treatment with a selective IKKβ inhibitor or IKKβ knockdown (KD) (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated IKKβ KD) in atherosclerosis+T2DM MSCs reduced the production of pro-inflammatory secretome, increased survival, and rescued their immunopotency both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Constitutively active IKKβ reduces the immunopotency of atherosclerosis+T2DM MSC by changing their secretome composition. Modulation of IKKβ in atherosclerosis+T2DM MSCs enhances their myocardial repair ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Kizilay Mancini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - David N Huynh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Liliane Menard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ines Colmegna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marc J Servant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Sier VQ, de Vries MR, van der Vorst JR, Vahrmeijer AL, van Kooten C, Cruz LJ, de Geus-Oei LF, Ferreira V, Sier CFM, Alves F, Muthana M. Cell-Based Tracers as Trojan Horses for Image-Guided Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E755. [PMID: 33451116 PMCID: PMC7828607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgeons rely almost completely on their own vision and palpation to recognize affected tissues during surgery. Consequently, they are often unable to distinguish between different cells and tissue types. This makes accurate and complete resection cumbersome. Targeted image-guided surgery (IGS) provides a solution by enabling real-time tissue recognition. Most current targeting agents (tracers) consist of antibodies or peptides equipped with a radiolabel for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) labels, or a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye. These tracers are preoperatively administered to patients, home in on targeted cells or tissues, and are visualized in the operating room via dedicated imaging systems. Instead of using these 'passive' tracers, there are other, more 'active' approaches of probe delivery conceivable by using living cells (macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, mesenchymal stromal cells), cell(-derived) fragments (platelets, extracellular vesicles (exosomes)), and microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) or, alternatively, 'humanized' nanoparticles. Compared with current tracers, these active contrast agents might be more efficient for the specific targeting of tumors or other pathological tissues (e.g., atherosclerotic plaques). This review provides an overview of the arsenal of possibilities applicable for the concept of cell-based tracers for IGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Q. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Joost R. van der Vorst
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Cornelis van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Translational Nanomaterials and Imaging Group, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Ferreira
- Department of Research and Development, UniQure, 1100 DA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Cornelis F. M. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
- Percuros B.V. Leiden, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Alves
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medicine Center Göttingen and Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK;
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Ohta H, Liu X, Maeda M. Autologous adipose mesenchymal stem cell administration in arteriosclerosis and potential for anti-aging application: a retrospective cohort study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 33308301 PMCID: PMC7733281 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Arteriosclerosis is an age-related disease and a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In animal experiments, mesenchymal stem cells and its culture-conditioned medium have been shown to be promising tools for prevention or treatment of arteriosclerosis. On the basis of these evidences, we aimed to assess whether administration of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSC) is safe and effective for treatment of arteriosclerosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients with arteriosclerosis who had received autologous Ad-MSC administration at our clinic. Patients’ characteristics were recorded and data on lipid profile, intimal-media thickness (IMT), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) before and after Ad-MSC administration were collected and compared. Results Treatment with Ad-MSC significantly improved HDL, LDL, and remnant-like particle (RLP) cholesterol levels. No adverse effect or toxicity was observed in relation to the treatment. Of the patients with abnormal HDL values before treatment, the vast majority showed improvement in the values. Overall, the measurements after treatment were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (p < 0.01). In addition, decreases in LDL cholesterol and RLP levels were observed after treatment in patients who had abnormal LDL cholesterol or RLP levels before treatment. The majority of patients with pre-treatment abnormal CAVI values had improved values after treatment. In patients with available IMT values, a significant decrease in the IMT values was found after therapy (p < 0.01). All patients with borderline arteriosclerosis disease had improved laboratory findings after treatment. In general, post-treatment values were significantly decreased as compared with pre-treatment values. Of the patients with normal ABI values before treatment at the same time as CAVI, the vast majority remained normal after treatment. Conclusions These findings suggest that Ad-MSC administration is safe and effective in patients developing arteriosclerosis, thereby providing an attractive tool for anti-aging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohta
- Regenerative Medicine, Sun Field Clinic, TIME24 Building 1F 2-4-32 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Regenerative Medicine, Sun Field Clinic, TIME24 Building 1F 2-4-32 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Miho Maeda
- Regenerative Medicine, Sun Field Clinic, TIME24 Building 1F 2-4-32 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
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Guo Z, Zhao Z, Yang C, Song C. Transfer of microRNA-221 from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation. Transl Res 2020; 226:83-95. [PMID: 32659442 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a cell-based therapy in many diseases including atherosclerosis (AS) due to their capability of immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. However, the pathway for MSCs' antiatherosclerotic activity remains to be elucidated. Here, we test the hypothesis that microRNA-221 (miR-221) from MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) alleviates AS. Male ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce AS, and were then treated with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs by tail vein injection. The expression pattern of miR-221 and N-acetyltransferase-1 (NAT1) in AS mice was characterized by quantitative RNA analysis and their interaction was identified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. In other studies, human arterial smooth muscle cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein-were co-cultured with MSC-released EVs to evaluate the EV-mediated transfer of miR-221. NAT1 was highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. Adenovirus-mediated NAT1 knockdown resulted in a reduced lipid deposition in AS mice. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell -derived EVs carrying miR-221 were internalized by human arterial smooth muscle cells and transferred their miR-221 contents to downregulate the target gene NAT1. Injection of miR-221-containing EVs inhibited lipid deposition in AS mice, in part by downregulating NAT1. The present study provides evidence that miR-221 shuttled by MSC-derived EVs can inhibit atherosclerotic plaque formation in AS model mice, suggesting that miR-221 may serve as a target for improving MSC-based therapeutic strategy against AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China.
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Hussein EN, Hamed GM, Seif AA, Ahmed MA, Abu Zahra FAE. Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Experimental Diabetic Kidney Disease. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2020; 7:2054358120957429. [PMID: 33149923 PMCID: PMC7585901 DOI: 10.1177/2054358120957429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive kidney disease and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetic kidney disease has been strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite their susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), patients with DKD are less likely to receive appropriate cardiovascular risk modification as they are generally excluded from major cardiovascular trials. Awareness of vulnerability of these patients necessitates investigating potential interventions that would lessen their risk of adverse outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effect of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in modulating cardiovascular risk factors that develop with the progression of DKD. Methods: A total of 60 adult female albino rats were allocated into 3 groups: control group, untreated DKD group, and mesenchymal stem cells–treated diabetic kidney disease (MSCs-DKD) group. Blood pressure, blood glucose level, lipid profile, and atherogenic index were used to assess cardiovascular risk. All rats were killed and subjected to in vitro aortic reactivity studies 8 weeks after induction of diabetes. The MSCs-DKD rats received a single intravenous injection of MSCs 4 weeks after diabetes induction. Results: Mesenchymal stem cells injection significantly decreased blood pressure, atherogenic index, and blood glucose compared with untreated rats. The MSCs-DKD aorta also exhibited significant enhancement of vascular reactivity parameters despite absence of improvement in kidney function. These findings conformed to tracked MSCs, which were found residing in aortic and pancreatic tissues and absent in kidneys. Conclusions: Mesenchymal stem cells hold hope of improving cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with DKD, particularly those deteriorating to ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einas Nagib Hussein
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehane M Hamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ansam A Seif
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Takafuji Y, Hori M, Mizuno T, Harada-Shiba M. Humoral factors secreted from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1041-1051. [PMID: 30388208 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vasculature. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects by secreting humoral factors; however, the intravascular MSC administration presents a risk of vascular occlusion. Here, we investigated both the effect of conditioned medium from cultured MSCs (MSC-CM) on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet and received intravenous injections of either MSC-CM from adipose tissue-derived MSCs or control medium 2×/week for 13 weeks. MSC-CM treatment decreased the atherosclerotic plaque area in the aorta and aortic root of Ldlr-/- mice by 41% and 30%, respectively, with no change in serum lipoprotein levels. Histopathologically, the MSC-CM treatment decreased the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and the accumulation of macrophages on the vascular walls. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and supernatant (MSC-CM supernatant) were separated from the MSC-CM by ultracentrifugation. In tumour necrosis factor-α stimulated human aortic endothelial cells (HAOECs), both the MSC EVs and MSC-CM supernatant decreased CAM expression by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) pathways. In macrophages, the MSC-CM supernatant decreased the lipopolysaccharide-induced increases in M1 marker expression by inhibiting both the MAPK and NFκB pathways and increased the expression of M2 markers by activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. In co-culture, inflamed HAOECs pretreated with MSC-CM supernatant and MSC EVs exhibited decreased monocyte adhesion to HAOECs. In addition, the neutralization of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in MSC-CM or MSC-CM supernatant attenuated their abilities to suppress monocyte adhesion to HAOECs in co-culture. CONCLUSION MSC-CM ameliorated atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice and suppressed CAM expression and macrophage accumulation in the vascular walls. Humoral factors, including HGF and EVs from MSCs, hold promise as therapeutic agents to reduce the residual risk of coronary artery diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Hori
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizuno
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Yoon JK, Kim DH, Kang ML, Jang HK, Park HJ, Lee JB, Yi SW, Kim HS, Baek S, Park DB, You J, Lee SD, Sei Y, Ahn SI, Shin YM, Kim CS, Bae S, Kim Y, Sung HJ. Anti-Atherogenic Effect of Stem Cell Nanovesicles Targeting Disturbed Flow Sites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000012. [PMID: 32239653 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis development leads to irreversible cascades, highlighting the unmet need for improved methods of early diagnosis and prevention. Disturbed flow formation is one of the earliest atherogenic events, resulting in increased endothelial permeability and subsequent monocyte recruitment. Here, a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived nanovesicle (NV) that can target disturbed flow sites with the peptide GSPREYTSYMPH (PREY) (PMSC-NVs) is presented which is selected through phage display screening of a hundred million peptides. The PMSC-NVs are effectively produced from human MSCs (hMSCs) using plasmid DNA designed to functionalize the cell membrane with PREY. The potent anti-inflammatory and pro-endothelial recovery effects are confirmed, similar to those of hMSCs, employing mouse and porcine partial carotid artery ligation models as well as a microfluidic disturbed flow model with human carotid artery-derived endothelial cells. This nanoscale platform is expected to contribute to the development of new theragnostic strategies for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Lan Kang
- TMD LAB Co., Ltd, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313, USA
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Yi
- TMD LAB Co., Ltd, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoom Baek
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Bi Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin You
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoshitaka Sei
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313, USA
| | - Song Ih Ahn
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313, USA
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - YongTae Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (IBB), Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology (IEN), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313, USA
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Souza-Moreira L, Soares VC, Dias SDSG, Bozza PT. Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Lipid Droplet Biogenesis via AKT/mTOR -PPARγ Signalling in Macrophages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20304. [PMID: 31889120 PMCID: PMC6937267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a potential therapy for many chronic inflammatory diseases due to their regenerative, immunologic and anti-inflammatory properties. The two-way dialogue between MSCs and macrophages is crucial to tissue regeneration and repair. Previous research demonstrated that murine adipose-derived MSC conditioned medium (ASCcm) reprograms macrophages to an M2-like phenotype which protects from experimental colitis and sepsis. Here, our focus was to determine the molecular mechanism of lipid droplet biogenesis in macrophages re-educated using ASCcm. Adipose-derived MSC conditioned medium promotes phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR pathway proteins in macrophages. Furthermore, increased expression of PPARγ, lipid droplet biogenesis and PGE2 synthesis were observed in M2-like phenotype macrophages (high expression of arginase 1 and elevated IL-10). Treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 suppressed lipid droplets and PGE2 secretion. However, these inhibitors had no effect on arginase-1 expression. Rapamycin, but not GW9662, inhibit IL-10 secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrate major effects of ASCcm to reprogram macrophage immunometabolism through mTOR and PPARγ dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Souza-Moreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suelen da Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil.
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Liu X, Wang Z, Song W, Sun W, Hong R, Pothukuchi A, Xu Q. Systematically transplanted human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice with periodontitis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:672-682. [PMID: 31885706 PMCID: PMC6913381 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been the focus of extensive research due to their numerous distinct properties, including their homing to injury sites and their contribution to tissue regeneration. However, the role of transplanted GMSCs in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice with periodontitis has not been demonstrated. In the present study, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice were used to establish a hyperlipidemia model with periodontitis and divided into two groups: Group B and Group C (n=20 per group), and wild-type C57BL/6J mice without any treatment were assigned to Group A (n=20). Animals in Group C were then injected with human GMSCs through the tail vein and animals in Group B were injected with α-MEM as control. Animals were sacrificed at indicated time points. Serum was collected to determine the lipids and inflammatory cytokines. Liver samples were collected to estimate lipid-associated gene expression. Morphometric and histological analyses were performed to maxillaries. The results demonstrated that the delivery of GMSCs led to a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, alveolar bone loss (ABL), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA, and a significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), IL-10 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) mRNA in Group C compared to Group B. Histological examination showed increased formation of new bone and higher alveolar bone height in Group C. Systematically transplanted GFP-positive cells were detected through both fluorescence microscope observation and immunohistochemical staining in the periodontal tissues. Overall, systematically transplanted GMSCs attenuated the hyperlipidemia and inflammatory responses in hyperlipidemic mice with periodontitis, and improved periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao University, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Song
- Department of Stomatology, Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao University, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wendong Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao University, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Rundan Hong
- Department of Stomatology, Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao University, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Anita Pothukuchi
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Quanchen Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao University, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and coronary artery disease: Tissue expression of functional and atypical receptors. Cytokine 2019; 126:154923. [PMID: 31739217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, particularly chemokine (C-C- motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), control leukocyte migration into the wall of the artery and regulate the traffic of inflammatory cells. CCL2 is bound to functional receptors (CCR2), but also to atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs), which do not induce cell migration but can modify chemokine gradients. Whether atherosclerosis alters CCL2 function by influencing the expression of these receptors remains unknown. In a necropsy study, we used immunohistochemistry to explore where and to what extent CCL2 and related receptors are present in diseased arteries that caused the death of men with coronary artery disease compared with unaffected arteries. CCL2 was marginally detected in normal arteries but was more frequently found in the intima. The expression of CCL2 and related receptors was significantly increased in diseased arteries with relative differences among the artery layers. The highest relative increases were those of CCL2 and ACKR1. CCL2 expression was associated with a significant predictive value of atherosclerosis. Findings suggest the need for further insight into receptor specificity or activity and the interplay among chemokines. CCL2-associated conventional and atypical receptors are overexpressed in atherosclerotic arteries, and these may suggest new potential therapeutic targets to locally modify the overall anti-inflammatory response.
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Mahdavi Gorabi A, Banach M, Reiner Ž, Pirro M, Hajighasemi S, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Atherosclerosis: Prospects for Therapy via the Modulation of Inflammatory Milieu. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091413. [PMID: 31500373 PMCID: PMC6780166 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease that mainly affects the arterial intima. The disease is more prevalent in middle-age and older individuals with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and others. The beginning and development of atherosclerosis has been associated with several immune components, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, monocyte/macrophage-derived foam cells, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originate from several tissue sources of the body and have self-renewal and multipotent differentiation characteristics. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, it was shown that MSCs have a regulatory role in plasma lipid levels. In addition, MSCs have shown to have promising potential in terms of treatment strategies for several diseases, including those with an inflammatory component. In this regard, transplantation of MSCs to patients with atherosclerosis has been proposed as a novel strategy in the treatment of this disease. In this review, we summarize the current advancements regarding MSCs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb 1000, Croatia
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Saeideh Hajighasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 1531534199, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778-99191, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778-99191, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778-99191, Iran.
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Wei X, Sun G, Zhao X, Wu Q, Chen L, Xu Y, Pang X, Qi G. Human amnion mesenchymal stem cells attenuate atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage function to reduce immune response. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1425-1435. [PMID: 31364743 PMCID: PMC6713407 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show immunosuppressive activities and alleviate atherosclerosis (AS) formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mice. Human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), a particular population of mesenchymal stem cells, have been shown to have immunomodulatory abilities. The present study investigated the effects of hAMSCs treatment on early atherosclerotic plaque formation and the progression of established lesion in apoE-KO mice. In total, 36 mice were fed with a high-fat diet. Mice were subjected to hAMSCs-injection treatment simultaneously with high-fat diet (early treatment) or after 8 weeks of high-fat diet (delayed treatment). In each treatment, mice were divided into three groups: i) hAMSCs group with hAMSCs treatment; ii) PBS group injected with PBS; and iii) control group without injection. Histological results showed that the plaque area in the aortic arch of mice was significantly reduced after hAMSCs treatment in the early and delayed treatment groups. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis suggested that the accumulation of macrophages was significantly decreased after hAMSCs treatment. Similarly, the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α was also decreased, whereas the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was increased. In addition, hAMSCs treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 and inhibitor of κB-α, suggesting that NF-κB pathway was involved in the hAMSCs-mediated suppression of immune response. In conclusion, hAMSCs treatment was effective in reducing immune response, which is the one of the major causes of AS, eventually leading to a significant reduction in size of athero-sclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Wei
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yichi Xu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xining Pang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, National Health Commission of China and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Guoxian Qi
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Marchio P, Guerra-Ojeda S, Vila JM, Aldasoro M, Victor VM, Mauricio MD. Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8563845. [PMID: 31354915 PMCID: PMC6636482 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8563845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Nonoxidized LDL have a low affinity for macrophages, so they are not themselves a risk factor. However, lowering LDL levels is a common clinical practice to reduce oxidation and the risk of major events in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Inflammation and immunity are key factors for the development and complications of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the whole atherosclerotic process is a target for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on early stages of the disease and we address both biomarkers and therapeutic approaches currently available and under research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marchio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Vila
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martín Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D. Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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StemBell therapy stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques after myocardial infarction. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1143-1154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhang X, Huang F, Li W, Dang JL, Yuan J, Wang J, Zeng DL, Sun CX, Liu YY, Ao Q, Tan H, Su W, Qian X, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Monocytes/Macrophages and Alleviate Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:878. [PMID: 29760701 PMCID: PMC5937358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases. Current evidences indicate that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC) have shown anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the function of GMSC in controlling atherosclerosis is far from clear. The present study is aimed to elucidate the role of GMSC in atherosclerosis, examining the inhibition of GMSC on macrophage foam cell formation, and further determining whether GMSC could affect the polarization and activation of macrophages under different conditions. The results show that infusion of GMSC to AopE−/− mice significantly reduced the frequency of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages and decreased the plaque size and lipid deposition. Additionally, GMSC treatment markedly inhibited macrophage foam cell formation and reduced inflammatory macrophage activation, converting inflammatory macrophages to anti-inflammatory macrophages in vitro. Thus, our study has revealed a significant role of GMSC on modulating inflammatory monocytes/macrophages and alleviating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhang
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixuan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Long Dang
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Division of Stomatology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Dong-Lan Zeng
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can-Xing Sun
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ying Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ao
- Department of Regeneration, Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Division of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
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Meng X, Chen M, Su W, Tao X, Sun M, Zou X, Ying R, Wei W, Wang B. The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to vascular cells regulated by the HMGB1/RAGE axis: its application in cell therapy for transplant arteriosclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:85. [PMID: 29615103 PMCID: PMC5883535 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation shows promise for treating transplant arteriosclerosis, at least partly via promoting endothelial regeneration. However, the efficacy and safety are still under investigation especially regarding recent findings that neointimal smooth muscle cells are derived from MSC-like cells. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) axis is involved in regulating proliferation, migration, and differentiation of MSCs, and therefore it can be presumably applied to improve the outcome of cell therapy. The aim of the current study was to investigate this hypothesis. METHODS Rat MSCs were treated with HMGB1 or modified with HMGB1 vectors to activate the HMGB1/RAGE axis. RAGE was targeted and inhibited by specific short hairpin RNA vectors. We assessed the capacity for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation after vector transfection in vitro and in a rat model of transplant arteriosclerosis. The expression of CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) was determined to evaluate the differentiation of MSCs to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. RESULTS Exogenous HMGB1 treatment and transfection with HMGB1 vectors promoted MSC migration and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced differentiation to CD31+ cells while inhibiting their proliferation and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced differentiation to αSMA+ cells. Such an effect was blocked by RAGE knockdown. HMGB1-modified cells preferably migrated to graft neointima and differentiated to CD31+ cells along with significant relief of transplant arteriosclerosis and inhibition of HMGB1 and RAGE expression in graft vessels. RAGE knockdown inhibited cell migration to graft vessels. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 stimulated MSCs to migrate and differentiate to endothelial cells via RAGE signaling, which we translated to successful application in cell therapy for transplant arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Su
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongchao Ying
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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Shi H, Liang M, Chen W, Sun X, Wang X, Li C, Yang Y, Yang Z, Zeng W. Human induced pluripotent stem cell‑derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate atherosclerosis by modulating inflammatory responses. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1461-1468. [PMID: 29257199 PMCID: PMC5780084 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been a reported method for alleviating atherosclerosis (AS). Because the availability of bone marrow‑derived MSCs (BM‑MSCs) is limited, the authors used this study to explore the use of a new type of MSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell‑derived MSCs (iPSC‑MSCs), to evaluate whether these cells could alleviate AS. iPSC‑MSCs were intravenously administered to ApoE knock out mice fed on a high‑fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. It was reported that systematically administering iPSC‑MSCs clearly reduced the size of plaques. In addition, the numbers of macrophages and lipids in plaques were lower in the HFD + iPSC‑MSCs group than in the HFD group. Furthermore, iPSC‑MSCs attenuated AS‑associated inflammation by decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑6, in serum. In addition, the expression of Notch1 was higher in the HFD group, and injecting iPSC‑MSCs reversed this effect. In conclusion, the current study provides the first evidence indicating that iPSC‑MSCs may be a new optional MSC‑based strategy for treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Cardiovascular Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiuting Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271100, P.R. China
| | - Chenghsun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhisheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wutao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Khedoe PPSJ, de Kleijn S, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, Plomp JJ, de Boer HC, van Pel M, Rensen PCN, Berbée JFP, Hiemstra PS. Acute and chronic effects of treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells on LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation, emphysema and atherosclerosis development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183741. [PMID: 28910300 PMCID: PMC5598950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD is a pulmonary disorder often accompanied by cardiovascular disease (CVD), and current treatment of this comorbidity is suboptimal. Systemic inflammation in COPD triggered by smoke and microbial exposure is suggested to link COPD and CVD. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) possess anti-inflammatory capacities and MSC treatment is considered an attractive treatment option for various chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we investigated the immunomodulatory properties of MSC in an acute and chronic model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, emphysema and atherosclerosis development in APOE*3-Leiden (E3L) mice. METHODS Hyperlipidemic E3L mice were intranasally instilled with 10 μg LPS or vehicle twice in an acute 4-day study, or twice weekly during 20 weeks Western-type diet feeding in a chronic study. Mice received 0.5x106 MSC or vehicle intravenously twice after the first LPS instillation (acute study) or in week 14, 16, 18 and 20 (chronic study). Inflammatory parameters were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue. Emphysema, pulmonary inflammation and atherosclerosis were assessed in the chronic study. RESULTS In the acute study, intranasal LPS administration induced a marked systemic IL-6 response on day 3, which was inhibited after MSC treatment. Furthermore, MSC treatment reduced LPS-induced total cell count in BAL due to reduced neutrophil numbers. In the chronic study, LPS increased emphysema but did not aggravate atherosclerosis. Emphysema and atherosclerosis development were unaffected after MSC treatment. CONCLUSION These data show that MSC inhibit LPS-induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation in the acute study, whereas MSC treatment had no effect on inflammation, emphysema and atherosclerosis development in the chronic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Padmini S. J. Khedoe
- Dept. of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stan de Kleijn
- Dept. of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. van Oeveren-Rietdijk
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J. Plomp
- Dept. of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa van Pel
- Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F. P. Berbée
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Dept. of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mistriotis P, Andreadis ST. Vascular aging: Molecular mechanisms and potential treatments for vascular rejuvenation. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:94-116. [PMID: 28579130 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor contributing to vascular dysfunction and the progression of vascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the causes and mechanisms of vascular aging at the tissue and cellular level. We focus on Endothelial Cell (EC) and Smooth Muscle Cell (SMC) aging due to their critical role in mediating the defective vascular phenotype. We elaborate on two categories that contribute to cellular dysfunction: cell extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors reflect systemic or environmental changes which alter EC and SMC homeostasis compromising vascular function. Intrinsic factors induce EC and SMC transformation resulting in cellular senescence. Replenishing or rejuvenating the aged/dysfunctional vascular cells is critical to the effective repair of the vasculature. As such, this review also elaborates on recent findings which indicate that stem cell and gene therapies may restore the impaired vascular cell function, reverse vascular aging, and prolong lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Li F, Guo X, Chen SY. Function and Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:32. [PMID: 28589127 PMCID: PMC5438961 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complicated disorder and largely attributable to dyslipidaemia and chronic inflammation. Despite therapeutic advances over past decades, atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Due to their capability of immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have evolved as an attractive therapeutic agent in various diseases including atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidences support the protective role of MSCs in all stages of atherosclerosis. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of MSCs including their characteristics such as molecular markers, tissue distribution, migratory property, immune-modulatory competence, etc. We also summarize MSC functions in animal models of atherosclerosis. MSC transplantation is able to modulate cytokine and chemokine secretion, reduce endothelial dysfunction, promote regulatory T cell function, decrease dyslipidemia, and stabilize vulnerable plaques during atherosclerosis development. In addition, MSCs may migrate to lesions where they develop into functional cells during atherosclerosis formation. Finally, the perspectives of MSCs in clinical atherosclerosis therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Kizilay Mancini Ö, Lora M, Shum-Tim D, Nadeau S, Rodier F, Colmegna I. A Proinflammatory Secretome Mediates the Impaired Immunopotency of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Elderly Patients with Atherosclerosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1132-1140. [PMID: 28194905 PMCID: PMC5442842 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (ATH). Due to their potent immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are evaluated as therapeutic tools in ATH and other chronic inflammatory disorders. Aging reduces MSCs immunopotency potentially limiting their therapeutic utility. The mechanisms that mediate the effect of age on MSCs immune-regulatory function remain elusive and are the focus of this study. Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were isolated from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. MSCs:CD4+ T-cell suppression, a readout of MSCs' immunopotency, was assessed in allogeneic coculture systems. MSCs from elderly subjects were found to exhibit a diminished capacity to suppress the proliferation of activated T cells. Soluble factors and, to a lesser extent, direct cell-cell contact mechanisms mediated the MSCs:T-cell suppression. Elderly MSCs exhibited a pro-inflammatory secretome with increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8/CXCL8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). Neutralization of these factors enhanced the immunomodulatory function of elderly MSCs. In summary, our data reveal that in contrast to young MSCs, MSCs from elderly individuals with ATH secrete high levels of IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP-1/CCL2 which mediate their reduced immunopotency. Consequently, strategies aimed at targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines produced by MSCs could enhance the efficacy of autologous cell-based therapies in the elderly. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1132-1140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kizilay Mancini
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maximilien Lora
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Nadeau
- CRCHUM and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- CRCHUM and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inés Colmegna
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhang X, Huang F, Chen Y, Qian X, Zheng SG. Progress and prospect of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in atherosclerosis. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4017-4024. [PMID: 27829989 PMCID: PMC5095298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial intima, occurring usually in the aged populations who are suffering from hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes for a long time. Research on atherosclerosis has shown that macrophage foam cell formation, inflammation, dyslipidemia and immune cells infiltration are all involved in regulating the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originated from different kinds of tissue are a group of cells possessing well-established self-renewal and multipotent differentiation properties as well as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory roles. Recent studies have displayed their dyslipidemia regulation functions. Transplantation of MSCs to atherosclerotic patients might be a new multifactorial therapeutic strategy to improve atherosclerosis. This review updates the advancement on MSCs and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 4510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 4510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Division of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 4510630, Guangdong, China
- Institute Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 4510630, Guangdong, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterHershey, PA 17033, USA
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Khedoe PPSJ, Rensen PCN, Berbée JFP, Hiemstra PS. Murine models of cardiovascular comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1011-27. [PMID: 26993520 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, COPD patients with atherosclerosis (i.e., the most important underlying cause of CVD) receive COPD therapy complemented with standard CVD therapy. This may, however, not be the most optimal treatment. To investigate the link between COPD and atherosclerosis and to develop specific therapeutic strategies for COPD patients with atherosclerosis, a substantial number of preclinical studies using murine models have been performed. In this review, we summarize the currently used murine models of COPD and atherosclerosis, both individually and combined, and discuss the relevance of these models for studying the pathogenesis and development of new treatments for COPD patients with atherosclerosis. Murine and clinical studies have provided complementary information showing a prominent role for systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the link between COPD and atherosclerosis. These and other studies showed that murine models for COPD and atherosclerosis are useful tools and can provide important insights relevant to understanding the link between COPD and CVD. More importantly, murine studies provide good platforms for studying the potential of promising (new) therapeutic strategies for COPD patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Padmini S J Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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Bengtsson E, Björkbacka H. Atherosclerosis: cell biology and lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:94-6. [PMID: 26655288 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bengtsson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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