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Villanova PH, Torres CMME, Jacovine LAG, Schettini BLS, Ribeiro SC, da Rocha SJSS, Rufino MPMX, de Freitas MF, Kerkoff LA. Impacts of a severe storm on carbon accumulation in coarse woody debris within a secondary Atlantic Forest fragment in Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:203. [PMID: 38277071 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The alarming increase in extreme weather events, such as severe storms with torrential rain and strong winds, is a direct result of climate change. These events have led to discernible shifts in forest structure and the carbon cycle, primarily driven by a surge in tree mortality. However, the impacts caused by these severe storms on the production and carbon increment from coarse woody debris (CWD) are still poorly understood, especially in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Thus, the goal proposed by the study was to quantify the CWD volume, necromass, and carbon stock before and after the occurrence of a severe storm and to determine the importance of spatial, structural, and qualitative variables of trees in the CWD carbon increment. The increase in carbon by the storm was 2.01 MgC ha-1, with a higher concentration in the CWD less decomposed and smaller diameter class. The forest fragment plots showed distinct increments (0.05-0.35 MgC), being influenced by spatial (elevation, declivity, and slope angle) structural (basal area) and qualitative factors (trunk quality and tree health), intrinsic to the forest. Thus, it is concluded that severe storms cause a large increase in carbon in CWD, making it essential to understand the susceptibility of forests to the action of intense rains and strong winds to model and monitor the future impacts of these extreme weather events on Atlantic Forest and other tropical forests in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Villanova
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Abreu Kerkoff
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Villanova PH, Torres CMME, Jacovine LAG, de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro A, Ballotin FC, Schettini BLS, da Rocha SJSS, Rufino MPMX, de Freitas MF, Castro RVO. Physical and chemical properties of Coarse Woody Debris submitted to the natural process of decomposition in a Secondary Atlantic Forest Fragment in Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7377. [PMID: 37147393 PMCID: PMC10163262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coarse Woody Debris (CWDs) are constantly exposed to the natural decomposition process of wood, which can lead to a change in its physical-chemical properties. However, these changes have not yet been fully elucidated, requiring further studies to help to understand the effect of this process on CWDs degradation. Thus, the objectives of this study were: (i) verify if the decomposition affects the physical-chemical properties of the CWDs; (ii) verify if the structural chemical composition of the CWDs is altered as a function of decomposition, using immediate chemical and thermogravimetric analysis. Wood samples were collected from the CWDs to carry out these analyses, considering pieces with diameters ≥ 5 cm separated into 4 decay classes. The results indicated that the average apparent density decreased as a function of the increase of CWDs decomposition (0.62-0.37 g cm-3). The averages contents of Carbon and Nitrogen suffered less impact with the increase of CWDs decompositions, ranging from 49.66 to 48.80% and 0.52 to 0.58%, respectively. Immediate chemical and thermogravimetric analysis indicated a loss of holocelluloses and extractives and an increase in the concentration of lignin and ash throughout the decomposition process. The weight loss analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis was greater for less decomposed CWDs and with larger diameters. The use of these analyzes removes the subjectivity of CWDs decay classes, reducing the number of tests to determine CWDs physical-chemical properties and increasing the studies accuracy focused on the carbon cycle of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Villanova
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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He Y, Ding J, Dorji T, Wang T, Li J, Smith P. Observation-based global soil heterotrophic respiration indicates underestimated turnover and sequestration of soil carbon by terrestrial ecosystem models. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5547-5559. [PMID: 35652687 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh ) refers to the flux of CO2 released from soil to atmosphere as a result of organic matter decomposition by soil microbes and fauna. As one of the major fluxes in the global carbon cycle, large uncertainties still exist in the estimation of global Rh , which further limits our current understanding of carbon accumulation in soils. Here, we applied a Random Forest algorithm to create a global data set of soil Rh , by linking 761 field observations with both abiotic and biotic predictors. We estimated that global Rh was 48.8 ± 0.9 Pg C year-1 for 1982-2018, which was 16% less than the ensemble mean (58.6 ± 9.9 Pg C year-1 ) of 16 terrestrial ecosystem models. By integrating our observational Rh with independent soil carbon stock data sets, we obtained a global mean soil carbon turnover time of 38.3 ± 11 year. Using observation-based turnover times as a constraint, we found that terrestrial ecosystem models simulated faster carbon turnovers, leading to a 30% (74 Pg C) underestimation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon accumulation for the past century, which was especially pronounced at high latitudes. This underestimation is equivalent to 45% of the total carbon emissions (164 Pg C) caused by global land-use change at the same time. Our analyses highlight the need to constrain ecosystem models using observation-based and locally adapted Rh values to obtain reliable projections of the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tsechoe Dorji
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Yu K, Smith WK, Trugman AT, Condit R, Hubbell SP, Sardans J, Peng C, Zhu K, Peñuelas J, Cailleret M, Levanic T, Gessler A, Schaub M, Ferretti M, Anderegg WRL. Pervasive decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time across forest climate zones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24662-24667. [PMID: 31740604 PMCID: PMC6900527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821387116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Previous studies on the capacity of forests to sequester atmospheric CO2 have mostly focused on carbon uptake, but the roles of carbon turnover time and its spatiotemporal changes remain poorly understood. Here, we used long-term inventory data (1955 to 2018) from 695 mature forest plots to quantify temporal trends in living vegetation carbon turnover time across tropical, temperate, and cold climate zones, and compared plot data to 8 Earth system models (ESMs). Long-term plots consistently showed decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time, likely driven by increased tree mortality across all major climate zones. Changes in living vegetation carbon turnover time were negatively correlated with CO2 enrichment in both forest plot data and ESM simulations. However, plot-based correlations between living vegetation carbon turnover time and climate drivers such as precipitation and temperature diverged from those of ESM simulations. Our analyses suggest that forest carbon sinks are likely to be constrained by a decrease in living vegetation carbon turnover time, and accurate projections of forest carbon sink dynamics will require an improved representation of tree mortality processes and their sensitivity to climate in ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
| | - William K Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Anna T Trugman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | | | - Stephen P Hubbell
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), 08193 Bellaterra (Catalonia), Spain
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), 08193 Bellaterra (Catalonia), Spain
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- UMR RECOVER, University of Aix-Marseille, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Tom Levanic
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Arthur Gessler
- The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Ferretti
- The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Wang Z. Estimating of terrestrial carbon storage and its internal carbon exchange under equilibrium state. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang J, Sun J, Xia J, He N, Li M, Niu S. Soil and vegetation carbon turnover times from tropical to boreal forests. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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