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Costa É, Gongora M, Bittencourt J, Marinho V, Cagy M, Teixeira S, Nicoliche E, Fernandes I, Machado C, Wienecke J, Ribeiro P, Gupta DS, Velasques B, Budde H. Decrease in reaction time for volleyball athletes during saccadic eye movement task: A preliminary study with evoked potentials. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290142. [PMID: 38959207 PMCID: PMC11221644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This preliminary study investigated the differences in event-related potential and reaction time under two groups (athletes vs. non-athletes). MATERIAL AND METHODS The P300 was analyzed for Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes in thirty-one healthy volunteers divided into two groups (volleyball athletes and non-athletes). In addition, the participants performed a saccadic eye movement task to measure reaction time. RESULTS The EEG analysis showed that the athletes, in comparison to the no-athletes, have differences in the P300 in the frontal area (p = 0.021). In relation to reaction time, the results show lower reaction time for athletes (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The volleyball athletes may present a greater allocation of attention during the execution of the inhibition task, since they have a lower reaction time for responses when compared to non-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élida Costa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nicoliche
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Machado
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacob Wienecke
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daya S. Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute for Systems Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Dai J, Xiao Y, Chen G, Gu Z, Xu K. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation enhances response inhibition and attention allocation in fencers. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17288. [PMID: 38699193 PMCID: PMC11064870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reaction time, response inhibition and attention in fencers. Methods Sixteen professional female fencers were recruited, and subjected to anodal tDCS and sham stimulation in the primary motor area (M1) one week apart in a randomized, crossover, single-blind design. A two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the effects of stimulation conditions (anodal stimulation, sham stimulation) and time (pre-stimulation, post-stimulation) on reaction time, response inhibition, and attention in fencers. Results The study found a significant improvement in response inhibition and attention allocation from pre-stimulation to post-stimulation following anodal tDCS but not after sham stimulation. There was no statistically significant improvement in reaction time and selective attention. Conclusions A single session of anodal tDCS could improve response inhibition, attention allocation in female fencers. This shows that tDCS has potential to improve aspects of an athlete's cognitive performance, although we do not know if such improvements would transfer to improved performance in competition. However, more studies involving all genders, large samples, and different sports groups are needed in the future to further validate the effect of tDCS in improving the cognitive performance of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Dai
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Graduate, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Gangrui Chen
- Department of Sport Research, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongke Gu
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
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3
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Fleddermann MT, Reichert L, Wieland B, Zentgraf K. Stop it! Relationship between sport expertise and response inhibition in elite athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1192483. [PMID: 37342635 PMCID: PMC10278942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1192483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The dynamic structure of sport games forces players to make time-sensitive decisions and to initiate actions that may then have to be canceled in response to sudden changes in the game situation. Whether and up to which time already initiated movements can still be inhibited is an important criterion for game performance in elite sport. Research indicates that elite athletes show superior motor inhibition performance compared to recreational athletes. However, no study has examined whether differences also emerge among professional elite athletes themselves. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether motor inhibition performance is a differential feature among elite athletes, and whether inhibition performance increases with greater expertise. Methods In total of 106 elite athletes (ice hockey, basketball, volleyball, American football, handball, and soccer) completed a PC-based procedure to determine motor inhibition performance using the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) task for hands and feet. In addition, an expertise score was determined for each elite athlete. Multiple linear regression was used to calculate the relationship between expertise and SSRT. Results Results showed that the expertise score of the elite athletes was between 3.7 and 11.7 out of 16 possible points (MExpertise = 6.8 points, SD = 1.76). The average SSRT of the hands was 224.0 ms (SD = 35.0); of the feet, 257.9 ms (SD = 48.5). Regression results showed a significant relationship between expertise and SSRT (F(2,101) = 9.38, p = 0.04, R2 = 0.06). SSRTs of the hands were significant predictors of expertise (b = -0.23, t = -2.1, p = 0.04). Discussion Taken together, results suggest that elite athletes with higher expertise outperform elite athletes with lower expertise, indicating that it is possible to differentiate within elite athletes with respect to inhibition performance of the hands. However, whether expertise affects inhibition performance or vice versa cannot be answered at present.
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Ren Q, Kaiser J, Gentsch A, Schütz-Bosbach S. Prepared to stop: how sense of agency in a preceding trial modulates inhibitory control in the current trial. Cereb Cortex 2023:7147023. [PMID: 37125462 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeling in control of actions and events can enhance motivation for further actions. How this sense of agency (SoA) in fact influences flexible motor control remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of SoA on subsequent response inhibition in a modified go/no-go task with EEG recordings. We manipulated participants' SoA by varying the presence, predictability, and emotional valence of a visual outcome for a given motor action. When participants unexpectedly did not receive any visible outcome following their action on trial n - 1, they exhibited slower responses and lower hit rates to the go signal but higher rates of successful inhibition to the no-go signal on trial n, regardless of the emotional valence of the expected action outcome. Furthermore, enhanced inhibitory tendencies were accompanied by reduced N2 and P3 amplitudes, midfrontal theta power, and theta synchronization between midfrontal and medial to parietal areas, indicating that less top-down control is required for successful response inhibition on trial n after experiencing low SoA on trial n - 1. These findings suggest that feeling less in control in a preceding trial makes it easier to implement inhibitory control in the current trial, thereby providing new insights into the role of SoA in goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyue Ren
- General and Experimental Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, LMU, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Jakob Kaiser
- General and Experimental Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, LMU, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Antje Gentsch
- General and Experimental Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, LMU, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Simone Schütz-Bosbach
- General and Experimental Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, LMU, Munich 80802, Germany
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5
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Gutiérrez-Capote A, Madinabeitia I, Torre E, Alarcón F, Jiménez-Martínez J, Cárdenas D. Changes in Perceived Mental Load and Motor Performance during Practice-to-Learn and Practice-to-Maintain in Basketball. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4664. [PMID: 36901674 PMCID: PMC10001915 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional resource allocation during sports practice is associated with the players' perceived mental load. However, few ecological studies address this problem by considering the players' characteristics (e.g., practice experience, skill and cognition). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the dose-response effect of two different types of practice, each with different learning objectives, on mental load and motor performance by using a linear mixed model analysis. METHOD Forty-four university students (age 20.36 ± 3.13 years) participated in this study. Two sessions were conducted, one based on a standard rules 1 × 1 basketball situation ("practice to maintain") and one with motor, temporal and spatial restrictions in 1 × 1 tasks ("practice to learn"). RESULTS "Practice to learn" produced a higher perceived mental load (NASA-TLX scale) and a worse performance than "practice to maintain", but was moderated by experience and inhibition (p = 0.001). The same happens in the most demanding restriction (i.e., temporal, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The results showed that increasing the difficulty of 1 × 1 situations through restrictions harmed the player's performance and increased their perceived mental load. These effects were moderated by previous basketball experience and the player's inhibition capacity, so the difficulty adjustment should be based on the athletes themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez-Capote
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (E.T.); (J.J.-M.); (D.C.)
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Iker Madinabeitia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (E.T.); (J.J.-M.); (D.C.)
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Elisa Torre
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (E.T.); (J.J.-M.); (D.C.)
| | - Francisco Alarcón
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Martínez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (E.T.); (J.J.-M.); (D.C.)
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - David Cárdenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (E.T.); (J.J.-M.); (D.C.)
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
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6
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Aksu S, Uslu A, İşçen P, Tülay EE, Barham H, Soyata AZ, Demirtas-Tatlidede A, Yıldız GB, Bilgiç B, Hanağası H, Woods AJ, Karamürsel S, Uyar FA. Does transcranial direct current stimulation enhance cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment? An event-related potentials and neuropsychological assessment study. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4029-4044. [PMID: 35322340 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) is garnering attention as a key interventional period for cognitive impairment. Currently, there are no approved treatments for PD-MCI and encouraging results of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with other interventions have been proposed, though the efficacy and neural mechanisms of tDCS alone have not been studied in PD-MCI yet. OBJECTIVES The present double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study assessed the effects of tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on cognitive functions via neuropsychological and electrophysiological evaluations in individuals with PD-MCI for the first time. METHOD Twenty-six individuals with PD-MCI were administered 10 sessions of active (n = 13) or sham (n = 13) prefrontal tDCS twice a day, for 5 days. Changes were tested through a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and event-related potential recordings, which were performed before, immediately, and 1 month after the administrations. RESULTS Neuropsychological assessment showed an improvement in delayed recall and executive functions in the active group. N1 amplitudes in response to targets in the oddball test-likely indexing attention and discriminability and NoGo N2 amplitudes in the continuous performance test-likely indexing cognitive control and conflict monitoring increased in the active group. Active stimulation elicited higher benefits 1 month after the administrations. CONCLUSION The present findings substantiate the efficacy of tDCS on cognitive control and episodic memory, along with the neural underpinnings of cognitive control, highlighting its potential for therapeutic utility in PD-MCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT 04,171,804. Date of registration: 21/11/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Aksu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Uslu
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar İşçen
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Elif Tülay
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Huzeyfe Barham
- Department of Psychiatry, Kırklareli Research and Training Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Başar Bilgiç
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haşmet Hanağası
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adam J Woods
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Sacit Karamürsel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aytül Uyar
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Ahumada-Méndez F, Lucero B, Avenanti A, Saracini C, Muñoz-Quezada MT, Cortés-Rivera C, Canales-Johnson A. Affective modulation of cognitive control: A systematic review of EEG studies. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Yu CC, Muggleton NG, Chen CY, Ko CH, Liu S. The comparisons of inhibitory control and post-error behaviors between different types of athletes and physically inactive adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256272. [PMID: 34398917 PMCID: PMC8366960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To properly behave and correct mistakes, individuals must inhibit inappropriate actions and detect errors for future behavioral adjustment. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that athletes are superior in cognitive functions and this benefit varied dependent on the types of sport that individuals involved in, but less is known on whether athletes have a different error-related behavioral pattern. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavioral performance of inhibition and error monitoring between individuals who participated in an open-skill sport (n = 12), a closed-skill sport (n = 12), and a sedentary lifestyle (n = 16). A combined flanker/stop signal task was presented and the derived stop signal reaction time (SSRT), post-correct accuracy and reaction time (RT), as well as post-error accuracy and RT were compared across groups. Our findings indicated there was no difference in SSRT between groups. Surprisingly, significant post-error slowing (PES) was observed only in controls but not in sport groups, the controls also exhibited significantly longer post-error RT compared with the open-skill group. However, there was no difference in the post-error accuracy between groups, indicating a higher efficiency in the post-error processing among open- and closed-skill groups by requiring comparatively less time for behavioral adjustments. The present study is the first to disclose the discrepancies in PES between different types of athletes and controls. The findings suggest that sport training along with higher amounts of physical activity is associated with a more efficient behavioral pattern for error processing especially when the sport requires open skills in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chuan Yu
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Neil G. Muggleton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Criminology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Ko
- Integrated Drug Addiction Treatment Center of the Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Suyen Liu
- Department of Athletic Sports, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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9
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Lin CT, King JT, John AR, Huang KC, Cao Z, Wang YK. The Impact of Vigorous Cycling Exercise on Visual Attention: A Study With the BR8 Wireless Dry EEG System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621365. [PMID: 33679304 PMCID: PMC7928413 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that exercise can influence cognitive performance. But advancing our understanding of the interrelations between psychology and physiology in sports neuroscience requires the study of real-time brain dynamics during exercise in the field. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most powerful brain imaging technologies. However, the limited portability and long preparation time of traditional wet-sensor systems largely limits their use to laboratory settings. Wireless dry-sensor systems are emerging with much greater potential for practical application in sports. Hence, in this paper, we use the BR8 wireless dry-sensor EEG system to measure P300 brain dynamics while cycling at various intensities. The preparation time was mostly less than 2 min as BR8 system’s dry sensors were able to attain the required skin-sensor interface impedance, enabling its operation without any skin preparation or application of conductive gel. Ten participants performed four sessions of a 3 min rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task while resting and while cycling. These four sessions were pre-CE (RSVP only), low-CE (RSVP in 40–50% of max heart rate), vigorous-CE (RSVP in 71–85% of max heart rate) and post-CE (RSVP only). The recorded brain signals demonstrate that the P300 amplitudes, observed at the Pz channel, for the target and non-target responses were significantly different in all four sessions. The results also show decreased reaction times to the visual attention task during vigorous exercise, enriching our understanding of the ways in which exercise can enhance cognitive performance. Even though only a single channel was evaluated in this study, the quality and reliability of the measurement using these dry sensor-based EEG systems is clearly demonstrated by our results. Further, the smooth implementation of the experiment with a dry system and the success of the data analysis demonstrate that wireless dry EEG devices can open avenues for real-time measurement of cognitive functions in athletes outside the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Teng Lin
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tai King
- Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Alka Rachel John
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kuan-Chih Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zehong Cao
- Information and Communication Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Yu-Kai Wang
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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10
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Yamashiro K, Yamazaki Y, Siiya K, Ikarashi K, Baba Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H, Sato D. Modality-specific improvements in sensory processing among baseball players. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2248. [PMID: 33500460 PMCID: PMC7838195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term skills training is known to induce neuroplastic alterations, but it is still debated whether these changes are always modality-specific or can be supramodal components. To address this issue, we compared finger-targeted somatosensory-evoked and auditory-evoked potentials under both Go (response) and Nogo (response inhibition) conditions between 10 baseball players, who require fine hand/digit skills and response inhibition, to 12 matched track and field (T&F) athletes. Electroencephalograms were obtained at nine cortical electrode positions. Go potentials, Nogo potentials, and Go/Nogo reaction time (Go/Nogo RT) were measured during equiprobable somatosensory and auditory Go/Nogo paradigms. Nogo potentials were obtained by subtracting Go trial from Nogo trial responses. Somatosensory Go P100 latency and Go/Nogo RT were significantly shorter in the baseball group than the T&F group, while auditory Go N100 latency and Go/Nogo RT did not differ between groups. Additionally, somatosensory subtracted Nogo N2 latency was significantly shorter in the baseball group than the T&F group. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between somatosensory Go/Nogo RT and both Go P100 latency and subtracted Nogo N2 latency, but no significant correlations among auditory responses. We speculate that long-term skills training induce predominantly modality-specific neuroplastic changes that can improve both execution and response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yamashiro
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan. .,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kanako Siiya
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ikarashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Baba
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Naofumi Otsuru
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
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11
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Ouyang G, Zhou C. Characterizing the brain's dynamical response from scalp-level neural electrical signals: a review of methodology development. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 14:731-742. [PMID: 33101527 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain displays dynamical system behaviors at various levels that are functionally and cognitively relevant. Ample researches have examined how the dynamical properties of brain activity reflect the neural cognitive working mechanisms. A prevalent approach in this field is to extract the trial-averaged brain electrophysiological signals as a representation of the dynamical response of the complex neural system to external stimuli. However, the responses are intrinsically variable in latency from trial to trial. The variability compromises the accuracy of the detected dynamical response pattern based on trial-averaged approach, which may mislead subsequent modelling works. More accurate characterization of the brain's dynamical response incorporating single trial variability information is of profound significance in deepening our understanding of neural cognitive dynamics and brain's working principles. Various methods have been attempted to address the trial-to-trial asynchrony issue in order to achieve an improved representation of the dynamical response. We review the latest development of methodology in this area and the contribution of latency variability-based decomposition and reconstruction of dynamical response to neural cognitive researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Ouyang
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island Hong Kong
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies, Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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12
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Xia L, Mo L, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhang D. Trait Anxiety Attenuates Response Inhibition: Evidence From an ERP Study Using the Go/NoGo Task. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:28. [PMID: 32218724 PMCID: PMC7078641 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience have shown that anxious individuals have deficits in response inhibition. However, existing knowledge about the influence of trait anxiety on response inhibition is still inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate response inhibition between groups with high trait anxiety (HTA) and low trait anxiety (LTA). Here, we used event-related potential (ERP) indexes as biomarkers to examine the effect of trait anxiety on response inhibition using the Go/NoGo task. Behavioral results indicated that the HTA group made significantly lower accuracy than did the LTA group in the NoGo condition but not the Go condition. Meanwhile, the HTA group needed significantly longer overall response time (RT) than the LTA group did. ERP analyses revealed that the HTA group had smaller and later frontal NoGo-N2 as well as larger and later parietal NoGo-P3 compared to the LTA group. The two response inhibition-related ERP components are distinct neurophysiological indexes that, first, the NoGo-N2 is a component involved in the motor plan prior to the motor execution inhibitory process. Second, the NoGo-P3 reflects later monitoring and evaluation of the inhibition process. Accordingly, the current ERP findings suggest that HTA individuals’ response inhibition deficits are the consequence of abnormal premotor inhibition control and inefficient evaluation and monitoring. In addition, we also found that the peak amplitude of NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 were significantly correlated with the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores after correction for multiple comparisons. To sum up, these results support the notion that trait anxious individuals have response inhibition deficits in the Go/NoGo task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Xia
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Licheng Mo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Electronics and Communication, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- School of Electronics and Communication, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Yu Q, Chau BKH, Lam BYH, Wong AWK, Peng J, Chan CCH. Neural Processes of Proactive and Reactive Controls Modulated by Motor-Skill Experiences. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:404. [PMID: 31798435 PMCID: PMC6868094 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the experience of open and closed motor skills on modulating proactive and reactive control processes in task switching. Fifty-four participants who were open-skilled (n = 18) or closed-skilled athletes (n = 18) or non-athletic adults (n = 18) completed a cued task-switching paradigm task. This task tapped into proactive or reactive controls of executive functions under different validity conditions. Electroencephalograms of the participants were captured during the task. In the 100% validity condition, the open-skilled participants showed significantly lower switch cost of response time than the closed-skilled and control participants. Results showed that the open-skilled participants had less positive-going parietal cue-locked P3 in the switch than repeat trials. Participants in the control group showed more positive-going cue-locked P3 in the switch than repeat trials, whereas the closed-skilled participants had no significant differences between the two types of trials. In the 50% validity condition, the open- and closed-skilled participants had less switch cost of response time than the control participants. Participants in the open- and closed-skilled groups showed less positive-going parietal stimulus-locked P3 in the switch than repeat trials, which was not the case for those in the control group. Our findings confirm the dissociation between proactive and reactive controls in relation to their modulations by the different motor-skill experiences. Both proactive and reactive controls of executive functions could be strengthened by exposing individuals to anticipatory or non-anticipatory enriched environments, suggesting proactive and reactive controls involved in motor-skill development seem to be transferable to domain-general executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bolton K H Chau
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bess Y H Lam
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex W K Wong
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jiaxin Peng
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Chen J, Li Y, Zhang G, Jin X, Lu Y, Zhou C. Enhanced inhibitory control during re-engagement processing in badminton athletes: An event-related potential study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:585-594. [PMID: 31720072 PMCID: PMC6834996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of sport experience on response inhibition and response re-engagement in expert badminton athletes during the stop-signal task and change-signal task. METHODS A total of 19 badminton athletes and 20 nonathletes performed both the stop-signal task and change-signal task. Reaction times (RTs) and event-related potentials were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Behavioral results indicated that badminton athletes responded faster than nonathletes to go stimuli and to change signals, with faster change RTs and change-signal RTs, which take into consideration the variable stimulus onset time mean. During successful change trials in the change-signal task, the amplitudes of the event-related potential components N2 and P3 were smaller for badminton athletes than for nonathletes. Moreover, change-signal RTs and N2 amplitudes as well as change RTs and P3 amplitudes were significantly correlated in badminton athletes. A significant correlation was also found between the amplitude of the event-related potential component N1 and response accuracy to change signals in badminton athletes. CONCLUSION Moderation of brain cortical activity in badminton athletes was more associated with their ability to rapidly inhibit a planned movement and re-engage with a new movement compared with nonathletes. The superior inhibitory control and more efficient neural mechanisms in badminton athletes compared with nonathletes might be a result of badminton athletes' professional training experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Sports Department, Jinan University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40100, Finland
| | - Xinhong Jin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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15
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Wylie SA, Ally BA, van Wouwe NC, Neimat JS, van den Wildenberg WPM, Bashore TR. Exposing an "Intangible" Cognitive Skill Among Collegiate Football Players: III. Enhanced Reaction Control to Motion. Front Sports Act Living 2019; 1:51. [PMID: 33344974 PMCID: PMC7739764 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Football is played in a dynamic, often unpredictable, visual environment in which players are challenged to process and respond with speed and flexibility to critical incoming stimulus events. To meet this challenge, we hypothesize that football players possess, in conjunction with their extraordinary physical skills, exceptionally proficient executive cognitive control systems that optimize response execution. It is particularly important for these systems to be proficient at coordinating directional reaction and counter-reaction decisions to the very rapid lateral movements routinely made by their opponents during a game. Despite the importance of this executive skill to successful on-field performance, it has not been studied in football players. To fill this void, we compared the performances of Division I college football players (n = 525) and their non-athlete age counterparts (n = 40) in a motion-based stimulus-response compatibility task that assessed their proficiency at executing either compatible (in the same direction) or incompatible (in the opposite direction) lateralized reactions to a target's lateral motion. We added an element of decision uncertainty and complexity by giving them either sufficient or insufficient time to preload the response decision rule (i.e., compatible vs. incompatible) prior to the target setting in motion. Overall, football players were significantly faster than non-athlete controls in their choice reactions to a target's lateral motion. The reactions of all participants slowed when issuing incompatible counter-reactions to a target's lateral motion. For football players, this cost was reduced substantially compared to controls when given insufficient time to preload the decision rule, indicating that they exerted more efficient executive control over their reactions and counter-reactions when faced with decision uncertainty at the onset of stimulus motion. We consider putative sources of their advantage in reacting to a target's lateral motion and discuss how these findings advance the hypothesis that football players utilize highly-proficient executive control systems to overcome processing conflicts during motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Brandon A Ally
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Nelleke C van Wouwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wery P M van den Wildenberg
- Department of Psychology/Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theodore R Bashore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States
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16
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Michaelsen AN, Cleland CL. Kinematic determinants of scoring success in the fencing flick: Logistic and linear multiple regression analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222075. [PMID: 31553734 PMCID: PMC6760795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sport fencing is an open-skilled combat sport practiced around the world. Although previous research addressed kinematics of the lunge and fleche, there are currently no studies on the flick. The flick is a high-level action that involves bending the blade toward the opponent, much like a whip or fly-fishing cast. The aim of our research was to identify the kinematic variables that significantly influence scoring success in two elite foil fencers. In particular, we asked what aspect of the movement each individual fencer can change to improve their likelihood of scoring. Two elite foil fencers of similar skill were instructed to execute flicks at a dummy target that mimicked the opponent’s shoulder. High speed video (650 fps) captured the motion of the tip of the foil, blade of the foil, and limb joints; the latter were used to calculate joint angular velocities, hand height and distance throughout the flick. Scoring success was determined with a conventional scoring box. Our results showed that the two fencers exhibited significantly different kinematics, coordination and scoring. Using three complementary regression approaches, we showed that each fencer could improve scoring by changing specific aspects of their kinematics. For fencer A, only improvement in consistency in distance from the target would improve scoring. For fencer B, the changes were more complex. In addition to improvement in consistency in distance, fencer B could also increase (finger, wrist) or decrease (shoulder) joint angular velocity or improve consistency of limb joint angular velocities. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to common coaching practice, hand height had only a weak effect, possibly because both fencers had learnt to keep their hand high at the end of the action. In summary, our results emphasize that coaching of elite fencers should be individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya N. Michaelsen
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Corey L. Cleland
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Wang CH, Moreau D, Kao SC. From the Lab to the Field: Potential Applications of Dry EEG Systems to Understand the Brain-Behavior Relationship in Sports. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:893. [PMID: 31507366 PMCID: PMC6718630 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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18
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Heppe H, Zentgraf K. Team Handball Experts Outperform Recreational Athletes in Hand and Foot Response Inhibition: A Behavioral Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:971. [PMID: 31133925 PMCID: PMC6524689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition is a central component of human behavior. It enables flexible and adaptive behavior by suppressing prepotent motor responses. In former studies, it has been shown that sport athletes acting in dynamic environments exhibit superior motor inhibitory control based on sensory stimuli. So far, existing studies have corroborated this in manual motor response settings only. Therefore, this study addresses the effector specificity of the inhibition benefit in elite athletes compared to physically active controls. A sport-unspecific stop-signal task has been adapted for hand as well as feet usage and 30 elite handball players as well as 30 controls were tested. A repeated-measures ANOVA with the two factors “effector” (hands, feet) and “group” (expert, recreational athletes) was conducted. Our results suggest no group differences in two-choice response times, but a convincing superiority of handball players in inhibitory control (i.e., shorter stop-signal reaction times), predominantly when responding with their hands, with weaker differential effects when responding with their feet. This suggests that motor inhibition might be a comprehensive performance characteristic of sport athletes acting in dynamic environments, detectable predominantly in eye-hand coordination tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Heppe
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Human Performance and Training, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Human Performance and Training, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Movement Science and Training in Sports, Institute of Sport Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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19
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The Effect of Judo Training on Set-Shifting in School Children. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2572016. [PMID: 30800664 PMCID: PMC6360542 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2572016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Improving executive functions (EFs) is desirable as they are considered to be critical for academic attainment and mental wellness in children. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Judo training on the set-shifting function using a spatial task-switching paradigm. Protocol 1 compared the set-shifting ability of Judo players with age-matched healthy individuals. Protocol 2 compared the difference in EFs between children who underwent Judo training (intervention) and age-matched controls. EFs were assessed by a spatial task-switching test. Error rates and response times were analysed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Protocol 1. The group effect on error rates was significant. The trial type × group effect was significant in the Judo group. Error rates in the Judo group were lower in the switch trials than the control group (p = 0.001). No significant group difference was seen in the repeat trials (p = 0.764). Protocol 2. The time × trial type × group effect was significant. Post hoc analysis showed significantly lower error rates by the intervention group on switch trials compared to the control group (p = 0.006). Regular Judo training may potentially be an option for improving EFs in schoolchildren or in populations with executive dysfunction.
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20
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Brevers D, Dubuisson E, Dejonghe F, Dutrieux J, Petieau M, Cheron G, Verbanck P, Foucart J. Proactive and Reactive Motor Inhibition in Top Athletes Versus Nonathletes. Percept Mot Skills 2018; 125:289-312. [PMID: 29310525 DOI: 10.1177/0031512517751751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined proactive (early restraint in preparation for stopping) and reactive (late correction to stop ongoing action) motor response inhibition in two groups of participants: professional athletes ( n = 28) and nonathletes ( n = 25). We recruited the elite athletes from Belgian national taekwondo and fencing teams. We estimated proactive and reactive inhibition with a modified version of the stop-signal task (SST) in which participants inhibited categorizing left/right arrows. The probability of the stop signal was manipulated across blocks of trials by providing probability cues from the background computer screen color (green = 0%, yellow =17%, orange = 25%, red = 33%). Participants performed two sessions of the SST, where proactive inhibition was operationalized with increased go-signal reaction time as a function of increased stop-signal probability and reactive inhibition was indicated by stop-signal reaction time latency. Athletes exhibited higher reactive inhibition performance than nonathletes. In addition, athletes exhibited higher proactive inhibition than nonathletes in Session 1 (but not Session 2) of the SST. As top-level athletes exhibited heightened reactive inhibition and were faster to reach and maintain consistent proactive motor response inhibition, these results confirm an evaluative process that can discriminate elite athleticism through a fine-grained analysis of inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brevers
- 1 Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, CHU-Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,2 Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Etienne Dubuisson
- 2 Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,3 Physiotherapy Section, Haute Ecole Libre de Bruxelles Ilya Prigogine, Belgium
| | - Fabien Dejonghe
- 3 Physiotherapy Section, Haute Ecole Libre de Bruxelles Ilya Prigogine, Belgium
| | - Julien Dutrieux
- 2 Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- 4 Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- 4 Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- 1 Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, CHU-Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,2 Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Foucart
- 2 Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.,3 Physiotherapy Section, Haute Ecole Libre de Bruxelles Ilya Prigogine, Belgium
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21
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Yang H, Zhao J, Gaspar CM, Chen W, Tan Y, Weng X. Selectivity of N170 for visual words in the right hemisphere: Evidence from single-trial analysis. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1128-1137. [PMID: 28369927 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have identified the involvement of the right posterior region in the processing of visual words. Interestingly, in contrast, ERP studies of the N170 typically demonstrate selectivity for words more strikingly over the left hemisphere. Why is right hemisphere selectivity for words during the N170 epoch typically not observed, despite the clear involvement of this region in word processing? One possibility is that amplitude differences measured on averaged ERPs in previous studies may have been obscured by variation in peak latency across trials. This study examined this possibility by using single-trial analysis. Results show that words evoked greater single-trial N170s than control stimuli in the right hemisphere. Additionally, we observed larger trial-to-trial variability on N170 peak latency for words as compared to control stimuli over the right hemisphere. Results demonstrate that, in contrast to much of the prior literature, the N170 can be selective to words over the right hemisphere. This discrepancy is explained in terms of variability in trial-to-trial peak latency for responses to words over the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Carl M Gaspar
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Objects and Knowledge Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yufei Tan
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Abstract
Objectives The aim of our scoping review was to identify and summarize current evidence on the biomechanics of fencing to inform athlete development and injury prevention. Design Scoping review. Method Peer-reviewed research was identified from electronic databases using a structured keyword search. Details regarding experimental design, study group characteristics and measured outcomes were extracted from retrieved studies, summarized and information regrouped under themes for analysis. The methodological quality of the evidence was evaluated. Results Thirty-seven peer-reviewed studies were retrieved, the majority being observational studies conducted with experienced and elite athletes. The methodological quality of the evidence was “fair” due to the limited scope of research. Male fencers were the prevalent group studied, with the lunge and use of a foil weapon being the principal movement evaluated. Motion capture and pedabarography were the most frequently used data collection techniques. Conclusions Elite fencers exhibited sequential coordination of upper and lower limb movements with coherent patterns of muscle activation, compared to novice fencers. These elite features of neuromuscular coordination resulted in higher magnitudes of forward linear velocity of the body center of mass and weapon. Training should focus on explosive power. Sex- and equipment-specific effects could not be evaluated based on available research.
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