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Lee HK, Yang YJ, Koirala GR, Oh S, Kim TI. From lab to wearables: Innovations in multifunctional hydrogel chemistry for next-generation bioelectronic devices. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122632. [PMID: 38824848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Functional hydrogels have emerged as foundational materials in diagnostics, therapy, and wearable devices, owing to their high stretchability, flexibility, sensing, and outstanding biocompatibility. Their significance stems from their resemblance to biological tissue and their exceptional versatility in electrical, mechanical, and biofunctional engineering, positioning themselves as a bridge between living organisms and electronic systems, paving the way for the development of highly compatible, efficient, and stable interfaces. These multifaceted capability revolutionizes the essence of hydrogel-based wearable devices, distinguishing them from conventional biomedical devices in real-world practical applications. In this comprehensive review, we first discuss the fundamental chemistry of hydrogels, elucidating their distinct properties and functionalities. Subsequently, we examine the applications of these bioelectronics within the human body, unveiling their transformative potential in diagnostics, therapy, and human-machine interfaces (HMI) in real wearable bioelectronics. This exploration serves as a scientific compass for researchers navigating the interdisciplinary landscape of chemistry, materials science, and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Kiu Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyan Raj Koirala
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoun Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Adinehloo D, Gao W, Mojibpour A, Kono J, Perebeinos V. Phonon-Assisted Intertube Electronic Transport in an Armchair Carbon Nanotube Film. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:176303. [PMID: 37172236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.176303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrical conductivity of a macroscopic assembly of nanomaterials is determined through a complex interplay of electronic transport within and between constituent nano-objects. Phonons play dual roles in this situation: their increased populations tend to reduce the conductivity via electron scattering, while they can boost the conductivity by assisting electrons to propagate through the potential-energy landscape. We identified a phonon-assisted coherent electron transport process between neighboring nanotubes in temperature-dependent conductivity measurements on a macroscopic film of armchair single-wall carbon nanotubes. Through atomistic modeling of electronic states and calculations of both electronic and phonon-assisted junction conductances, we conclude that phonon-assisted conductance is the dominant mechanism for observed high-temperature transport in armchair carbon nanotubes. The unambiguous manifestation of coherent intertube dynamics proves a single-chirality armchair nanotube film to be a unique macroscopic solid-state ensemble of nano-objects promising for the development of room-temperature coherent electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Adinehloo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14228, USA
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Ali Mojibpour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Vasili Perebeinos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14228, USA
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3
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Salari M, Habibpour S, Hamidinejad M, Mohseni Taromsari S, Naguib HE, Yu A, Park CB. Enhanced electrical properties of microcellular polymer nanocomposites via nanocarbon geometrical alteration: a comparison of graphene nanoribbons and their parent multiwalled carbon nanotubes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1392-1405. [PMID: 36752062 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01303g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Geometric factors of nanofillers considerably govern the properties of conductive polymer composites (CPCs). This study provides insights into how geometrical alteration through nanotube-to-nanoribbon conversion affects the electrical properties of solid and microcellular CPCs. In this regard, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based nanocomposites are synthesized using both the parent multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and its chemically unzipped product, i.e., graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). Theoretical and experimental results show that GNR-based composites exhibit 1-4 orders greater conductivities than MWCNT-based composites at the same filler loading because of the larger number of filler-filler junctions as well as the significantly greater contact areas. On the other hand, the conductivities of MWCNT-based and GNR-based composites are significantly increased by 230 times and 121 times, respectively, through microcellular foaming. The effective rearrangements of rigid MWCNTs and flexible GNRs (having 4 and 5 orders less bending stiffness) for network formation during cellular growth are compared. The GNR-based composites also exhibit a superior dielectric permittivity (e.g., 2.6 times larger real permittivity at a representative frequency of 103 Hz and a nanofiller loading of 4.2 vol%) compared to their MWCNT-based counterparts. This study demonstrates how the modification of the carbon fillers and the polymer matrix can dramatically enhance EMI shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Salari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Saeed Habibpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mahdi Hamidinejad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G1H9, Canada.
| | - Sara Mohseni Taromsari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Aiping Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada.
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Tang J, Wu Y, Ma S, Yan T, Pan Z. Strain-Sensing Composite Nanofiber Filament and Regulation Mechanism of Shoulder Peaks Based on Carbon Nanomaterial Dispersion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7392-7404. [PMID: 36693331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymer composite-based strain sensors are essential components of flexible wearable devices. However, nonmonotonic responses with shoulder peaks limit their practical application. Herein, we innovatively optimized the shoulder-peak phenomenon in a strain-sensing composite nanofiber filament by regulating carbon nanomaterial dispersion. Further, the preparation methods, characteristics, and performances of the filament strain sensors were systematically introduced. On this basis, transmission electron microscopy, finite element analysis, and mathematic and structural evolution models were used to explore the origin of shoulder peaks and explain the sensing mechanism of conductive networks. Results confirmed that the beacon tower-shaped conductive network designed by constructing nanofiller agglomerates could cause strain concentration and resist the Poisson transverse contraction of nanofibers, considerably improving the monotonicity and sensitivity of the sensor. The strain-sensing performance was optimal when the nanofillers were dispersed using 2.5 wt % of an anionic dispersant. The sensor exhibited a maximum detective strain of 120%, an ultralow detection limit of 0.01%, and high sensitivity and linearity of 9.66 and 0.996 within 20% strain, respectively. Moreover, it showed the advantages of a fast response time (120 ms), excellent durability (3000 cycles), anti-interference, washability, and antibacterial capability. Finally, a smart Kinesio tape was developed for protecting/treating the human body and detecting joint/muscle movement via simple sewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Shidong Ma
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Tao Yan
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Zhijuan Pan
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Suzhou215123, China
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5
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Ahmed FE, Lalia BS, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N. Intermittent direct joule heating of membrane surface for seawater desalination by air gap membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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An Overview of Graphene-Based 2D/3D Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Applications. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Physical Hybrid of Nanographene/Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcing Agents of NR-Based Rubber Foam. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142346. [PMID: 34301103 PMCID: PMC8309651 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) foams reinforced by a physical hybrid of nanographene/carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a two-roll mill and compression molding process. The effects of nanographene (GNS) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were investigated on the curing behavior, foam morphology, and mechanical and thermal properties of the NR nanocomposite foams. Microscope investigations showed that the GNS/CNT hybrid fillers acted as nucleation agents and increased the cell density and decreased the cell size and wall thickness. Simultaneously, the cell size distribution became narrower, containing more uniform multiple closed-cell pores. The rheometric results showed that the GNS/CNT hybrids accelerated the curing process and decreased the scorch time from 6.81 to 5.08 min and the curing time from 14.3 to 11.12 min. Other results showed that the GNS/CNT hybrid improved the foam’s curing behavior. The degradation temperature of the nanocomposites at 5 wt.% and 50 wt.% weight loss increased from 407 °C to 414 °C and from 339 °C to 346 °C, respectively, and the residual ash increased from 5.7 wt.% to 12.23 wt.% with increasing hybrid nanofiller content. As the amount of the GNS/CNT hybrids increased in the rubber matrix, the modulus also increased, and the Tg increased slightly from −45.77 °C to −38.69 °C. The mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposite foams, including the hardness, resilience, and compression, were also improved by incorporating GNS/CNT hybrid fillers. Overall, the incorporation of the nano hybrid fillers elevated the desirable properties of the rubber foam.
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Barkov PV, Glukhova OE. Holey Graphene: Topological Control of Electronic Properties and Electric Conductivity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051074. [PMID: 33922014 PMCID: PMC8143499 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies holey graphene with various neck widths (the smallest distance between two neighbor holes). For the considered structures, the energy gap, the Fermi level, the density of electronic states, and the distribution of the local density of electronic states (LDOS) were found. The electroconductive properties of holey graphene with round holes were calculated depending on the neck width. It was found that, depending on the neck width, holey graphene demonstrated a semiconductor type of conductivity with an energy gap varying in the range of 0.01–0.37 eV. It was also shown that by changing the neck width, it is possible to control the electrical conductivity of holey graphene. The anisotropy of holey graphene electrical conductivity was observed depending on the direction of the current transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Barkov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8452-514562
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Tie W, Du Z, Yue H, Sarathi Bhattacharyya S, Zheng Z, He W, Hee Lee S. Self-assembly of carbon nanotube/graphitic-like flake/BiOBr nanocomposite with 1D/2D/3D heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:862-871. [PMID: 32679383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A self-assembled nanocomposite of lamellar BiOBr covalently bonded with conductive network of dispersive one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (1D CNT) and two-dimensional reduced graphitic-like flakes (2D GF) had been in situ constructed using one-pot facile solvothermal technique. Through self-assembly, BiOBr/CNT/GF (BiOBr/CG) displayed three-dimensional architectures in which a strong interfacial contact interaction and covalent banding between BiOBr nanostructures and CNT/GF network appeared. Furthermore, visible-light-driven catalytic activity of BiOBr/CG for RhB dye degradation was superior to that of pure BiOBr or BiOBr/C. Interestingly, the photodegradation activity of the BiOBr/CG nanocomposite could be improved further by subsequent facile annealing treatment, in which the annealed BiOBr/CG-DS had degraded almost 97.9% of RhB dye within only 100 min of visible-light irradiation. Moreover, analysis of the photodegradation mechanism revealed that the repression of electron-hole recombination in the nanocomposites, with sufficient covalent interfacial contact with CNT/GF as effective electron collecting and transferring system, were responsible for the outstanding photocatalytic performance. This effect, in turn, led to the continuous generation of O2- and OH reactive oxygen species for the degradation of RhB dye, which was verified by active species trapping and ESR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tie
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China
| | - Zhaoyu Du
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China
| | - Hongwei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China
| | | | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China
| | - Weiwei He
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China; Applied Materials Institute for BIN Convergence, Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Department of Polymer Nano-Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea.
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10
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Ahmed FE, Lalia BS, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N. Enhanced performance of direct contact membrane distillation via selected electrothermal heating of membrane surface. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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PtPd Hybrid Composite Catalysts as Cathodes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, PtPd hybrid cathodic catalysts were prepared for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application by two different strategies. The first strategy was the physical mixing of bimetallic PtPd onto partially reduced graphene oxide (PtPd/rGO) and PtPd onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PtPd/MWCNT); (PtPd/rGO) + (PtPd/MWCNT). The second strategy was physical mixing of both carbonaceous supports before the PtPd deposition to form PtPd/(rGO:MWCNT). Our experimental results revealed that the PtPd nanomaterial prepared over a mixture of both carbonaceous supports had better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and PEMFC performances than the individually prepared catalysts. The insertion of MWCNT between rGO sheets prevented their stacking. This promoted the diffusion of oxygen molecules through the interlayer spacing, enhancing the ORR’s electrocatalytic activity. The durability test demonstrated that the hybrid supporting material dramatically improved the catalyst’s stability even after 3000 reaction cycles. This highlighted an increase greater than 100% for hybrid nanocomposites in their electrocatalytic activity as compared with the PtPd/rGO nanocomposite.
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12
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Ghai V, Singh H, Agnihotri PK. Near perfect thin film flexible broadband optical absorber with high thermal/electrical conductivity. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viney Ghai
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar 140001 Punjab India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar 140001 Punjab India
| | - Prabhat K. Agnihotri
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar 140001 Punjab India
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13
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A Two Dimensional Tunneling Resistance Transmission Line Model for Nanoscale Parallel Electrical Contacts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14484. [PMID: 31597925 PMCID: PMC6785565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact resistance and current crowding are important to nanoscale electrical contacts. In this paper, we present a self-consistent model to characterize partially overlapped parallel contacts with varying specific contact resistivity along the contact length. For parallel tunneling contacts formed between contacting members separated by a thin insulating gap, we examine the local voltage-dependent variation of potential barrier height and tunneling current along the contact length, by solving the lumped circuit transmission line model (TLM) equations coupled with the tunneling current self consistently. The current and voltage distribution along the parallel tunneling contacts and their overall contact resistance are analyzed in detail, for various input voltage, electrical contact dimension, and material properties (i.e. work function, sheet resistance of the contact members, and permittivity of the insulating layer). It is found the existing one-dimensional (1D) tunneling junction models become less reliable when the tunneling layer thickness becomes smaller or the applied voltage becomes larger. In these regimes, the proposed self-consistent model may provide a more accurate evaluation of the parallel tunneling contacts. For the special case of constant ohmic specific contact resistivity along the contact length, our theory has been spot-checked with finite element method (FEM) based numerical simulations. This work provides insights on the design, and potential engineering, of nanoscale electrical contacts with controlled current distribution and contact resistance via engineered spatially varying contact layer properties and geometry.
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Ratul Kumar Biswas, Nemala SS, Mallick S. Platinum and Transparent Conducting Oxide Free Graphene-CNT Composite Based Counter-Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375519040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Inkjet-printed stretchable and low voltage synaptic transistor array. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2676. [PMID: 31213599 PMCID: PMC6582140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable and skin electronics benefit from mechanically soft and stretchable materials to conform to curved and dynamic surfaces, thereby enabling seamless integration with the human body. However, such materials are challenging to process using traditional microelectronics techniques. Here, stretchable transistor arrays are patterned exclusively from solution by inkjet printing of polymers and carbon nanotubes. The additive, non-contact and maskless nature of inkjet printing provides a simple, inexpensive and scalable route for stacking and patterning these chemically-sensitive materials over large areas. The transistors, which are stable at ambient conditions, display mobilities as high as 30 cm2 V−1 s−1 and currents per channel width of 0.2 mA cm−1 at operation voltages as low as 1 V, owing to the ionic character of their printed gate dielectric. Furthermore, these transistors with double-layer capacitive dielectric can mimic the synaptic behavior of neurons, making them interesting for conformal brain-machine interfaces and other wearable bioelectronics. The development of novel low-cost fabrication schemes for realizing stretchable transistor arrays with applicability in wearable electronics remains a challenge. Here, the authors report skin-like electronics with stretchable active materials and devices processed exclusively from ink-jet printing.
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16
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O'Mahony C, Haq EU, Sillien C, Tofail SAM. Rheological Issues in Carbon-Based Inks for Additive Manufacturing. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E99. [PMID: 30700026 PMCID: PMC6412792 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As the industry and commercial market move towards the optimization of printing and additive manufacturing, it becomes important to understand how to obtain the most from the materials while maintaining the ability to print complex geometries effectively. Combining such a manufacturing method with advanced carbon materials, such as Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Carbon fibers, with their mechanical and conductive properties, delivers a cutting-edge combination of low-cost conductive products. Through the process of printing the effectiveness of these properties decreases. Thorough optimization is required to determine the idealized ink functional and flow properties to ensure maximum printability and functionalities offered by carbon nanoforms. The optimization of these properties then is limited by the printability. By determining the physical properties of printability and flow properties of the inks, calculated compromises can be made for the ink design. In this review we have discussed the connection between the rheology of carbon-based inks and the methodologies for maintaining the maximum pristine carbon material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie O'Mahony
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ehtsham Ul Haq
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Christophe Sillien
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Syed A M Tofail
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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17
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Min JH, Patel M, Koh WG. Incorporation of Conductive Materials into Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1078. [PMID: 30961003 PMCID: PMC6404001 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, conductive hydrogels have been the most effective biomaterials to mimic the biological and electrical properties of tissues in the human body. The main advantages of conductive hydrogels include not only their physical properties but also their adequate electrical properties, which provide electrical signals to cells efficiently. However, when introducing a conductive material into a non-conductive hydrogel, a conflicting relationship between the electrical and mechanical properties may develop. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of the generation of conductive hydrogels using various conductive materials such as metal nanoparticles, carbons, and conductive polymers. The fabrication method of blending, coating, and in situ polymerization is also added. Furthermore, the applications of conductive hydrogel in cardiac tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, and bone tissue engineering and skin regeneration are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hong Min
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Active Polymer Center for Pattern Integration (APCPI), Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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18
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Zou QM, Deng LM, Li DW, Zhou YS, Golgir HR, Keramatnejad K, Fan LS, Jiang L, Silvain JF, Lu YF. Thermally Stable and Electrically Conductive, Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube/Silicon Infiltrated Composite Structures for High-Temperature Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37340-37349. [PMID: 28976178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional ceramic-based, high-temperature electrode materials (e.g., lanthanum chromate) are severely limited due to their conditional electrical conductivity and poor stability under harsh circumstances. Advanced composite structures based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) and high-temperature ceramics are expected to address this grand challenge, in which ceramic serves as a shielding layer protecting the VACNTs from the oxidation and erosive environment, while the VACNTs work as a conductor. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate VACNT/ceramic composite structures due to the limited diffusion of ceramics inside the VACNT arrays. In this work, we report on the controllable fabrication of infiltrated (and noninfiltrated) VACNT/silicon composite structures via thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [and laser-assisted CVD]. In laser-assisted CVD, low-crystalline silicon (Si) was quickly deposited at the VACNT subsurfaces/surfaces followed by the formation of high-crystalline Si layers, thus resulting in noninfiltrated composite structures. Unlike laser-assisted CVD, thermal CVD activated the precursors inside and outside the VACNTs simultaneously, which realized uniform infiltrated VACNT/Si composite structures. The growth mechanisms for infiltrated and noninfiltrated VACNT/ceramic composites, which we attributed to the different temperature distributions and gas diffusion mechanism in VACNTs, were investigated. More importantly, the as-farbicated composite structures exhibited excellent multifunctional properties, such as excellent antioxidative ability (up to 1100 °C), high thermal stability (up to 1400 °C), good high velocity hot gas erosion resistance, and good electrical conductivity (∼8.95 Sm-1 at 823 K). The work presented here brings a simple, new approach to the fabrication of advanced composite structures for hot electrode applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ming Zou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Lei Min Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Da Wei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Yun Shen Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Hossein Rabiee Golgir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Kamran Keramatnejad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Li Sha Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Lan Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jean-Francois Silvain
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux , Avenue du Docteur Albert Schweitzer, Pessac, F-33608 Cedex, France
| | - Yong Feng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
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Kumar V, Rawal A. Tuning the electrical percolation threshold of polymer nanocomposites with rod-like nanofillers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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