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Hinkov B, Hayden J, Szedlak R, Martin-Mateos P, Jerez B, Acedo P, Strasser G, Lendl B. High frequency modulation and (quasi) single-sideband emission of mid-infrared ring and ridge quantum cascade lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:14716-14724. [PMID: 31163916 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.014716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the high frequency modulation characteristics of mid-infrared surface-emitting ring and edge-emitting ridge quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). In particular, a detailed comparison between circular ring devices and ridge-QCLs from the same laser material, which have a linear waveguide in a "Fabry-Pérot (FP) type" cavity, reveals distinct similarities and differences. Both device types are single-mode emitting, based on either 2 nd- (ring-QCL) or 1 st-order (ridge-QCL) distributed feedback (DFB) gratings with an emission wavelength around 7.56 μm. Their modulation characteristics are investigated in the frequency-domain using an optical frequency-to-amplitude conversion technique based on the ro-vibrational absorptions of CH 4. We observe that the amplitude of frequency tuning Δf over intensity modulation index m as function of the modulation frequency behaves similarly for both types of devices, while the ring-QCLs typically show higher values. The frequency-to-intensity modulation (FM-IM) phase shift shows a decrease starting from ∼72 ∘ at a modulation frequency of 800 kHz to about 0 ∘ at 160 MHz. In addition, we also observe a quasi single-sideband (qSSB) regime for modulation frequencies above 100 MHz, which is identified by a vanishing -1 st-order sideband for both devices. This special FM-state can be observed in DFB QCLs and is in strong contrast to the behavior of regular DFB diode lasers, which do not achieve any significant sideband suppression. By analyzing these important high frequency characteristics of ring-QCLs and comparing them to ridge DFB-QCLs, it shows the potential of intersubband devices for applications in e.g. novel spectroscopic techniques and highly-integrated and high-bitrate free-space data communication. In addition, the obtained results close an existing gap in literature for high frequency modulation characteristics of QCLs.
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Szedlak R, Harrer A, Holzbauer M, Schwarz B, Waclawek J, MacFarland D, Zederbauer T, Detz H, Andrews AM, Schrenk W, Lendl B, Strasser G. Remote Sensing with Commutable Monolithic Laser and Detector. ACS PHOTONICS 2016; 3:1794-1798. [PMID: 27785455 PMCID: PMC5073946 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous trend toward miniaturized sensing systems demands novel concepts for compact and versatile spectroscopic tools. Conventional optical sensing setups include a light source, an analyte interaction region, and a separate external detector. We present a compact sensor providing room-temperature operation of monolithic surface-active lasers and detectors integrated on the same chip. The differentiation between emitter and detector is eliminated, which enables mutual commutation. Proof-of-principle gas measurements with a limit of detection below 400 ppm are demonstrated. This concept enables a crucial miniaturization of sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Szedlak
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Harrer
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Holzbauer
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Schwarz
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes
Paul Waclawek
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Donald MacFarland
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Zederbauer
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Detz
- Austrian
Academy of Sciences, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aaron Maxwell Andrews
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Schrenk
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Strasser
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics & Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Tütüncü E, Kokoric V, Szedlak R, MacFarland D, Zederbauer T, Detz H, Andrews AM, Schrenk W, Strasser G, Mizaikoff B. Advanced gas sensors based on substrate-integrated hollow waveguides and dual-color ring quantum cascade lasers. Analyst 2016; 141:6202-6207. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first combination of a ring-shaped vertically emitting quantum cascade laser (riQCL) with a substrate-integrated hollow waveguide (iHWG) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Tütüncü
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- Germany
| | - Vjekoslav Kokoric
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- Germany
| | - Rolf Szedlak
- Institute of Solid State Electronics
- TU Wien
- Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gottfried Strasser
- Institute of Solid State Electronics
- TU Wien
- Austria
- Center for Micro- and Nanostructures
- TU Wien
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- Germany
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