1
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Martins L, Bader M, Pesquero JB. Kinins: Locally formed peptides during inflammation with potential use in tissue regeneration. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1957-1963. [PMID: 37750921 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinins are a set of peptides present in tissues and involved in cardiovascular regulation, inflammation, and pain. Here, we briefly comment on recent key findings on the use of kinins in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martins
- Division of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences (IMB-PAN), 3a Tylna St., 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, 4th floor, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil.
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 6th floor, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
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Tolsma R, Pan H, Harris L, Spitsbergen JM, Li Y. Hypoxia-induced reprogrammed myoblasts enhance the formation of neuromuscular junctions: A pioneer study. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:2057-2065. [PMID: 36208481 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that muscle cells could reprogram into progenitors after traumatic injuries. These injury-induced muscle stem cells (iMuSCs) have increased migration and differentiation capacities, including neuronal differentiation. Recent studies in our laboratory suggest that the hypoxia-induced by tissue injury plays an essential role in the reprogramming process of muscle cells. We hypothesize that muscle cells reprogrammed with hypoxia have increased neuronal differentiation potentials and the neuronal differentiation extends into the formation of neuromuscular junction (NMJ)-like structures. In this study, C2C12 myoblasts were cultured under hypoxic conditions and subsequently in neural differentiation media to generate neurospheres, and then with muscle differentiation media to induce NMJ-like structure formation. Hypoxia-induced muscle cells also produced more robust NMJs compared to controls after intramuscular cell transplantation. Our results suggest hypoxia plays a role in the reprogramming of muscle stem cells, which may have the potential to form neuromuscular junctions and ultimately contribute to functional muscle healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Tolsma
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Haiying Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Loyall Harris
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - John M Spitsbergen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Different Germ Layer-Derived Adult Stem Cells in the Past Decade. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5586523. [PMID: 34539934 PMCID: PMC8448597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5586523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system. Although the peripheral nervous system has a higher regenerative ability than the central nervous system, delayed treatment is associated with disturbances in both distal sensory and functional abilities. Over the past decades, adult stem cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve injuries have drawn attention from researchers. This is because various stem cells can promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries by differentiating into neural-line cells, secreting various neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of in situ Schwann cells (SCs). This article reviewed research from the past 10 years on the role of stem cells in the repair of PNIs. We concluded that adult stem cell-based therapies promote the regeneration of PNI in various ways.
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Lai J, Jiang S, Shuai L, Zhang Y, Xia R, Chen Q, Bai L. Comparison of the biological and functional characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells from intrahepatic and identical bone marrow. Stem Cell Res 2021; 55:102477. [PMID: 34343826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In our privious work, our reseach group characterized a population of hepatic-sourced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) called MLpvNG2+ cells. In the present study, we compared the biological and functional characteristics of naïve MLpvNG2 cells with identical bone marrow-derived MSCs (niBM-MSCs) using in vitro (conditioned media) and in vivo (a well-set diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver fibrotic/cirrhotic murine model) procedures. The intrahepatic-sourced mesodermal MLpvNG2+ cells exhibited some biological characteristics (e.g., a set of surface markers) similar to those of extrahepatic niBM-MSCs. In responsed to signals of pathological conditions, such as singals of fibrotic/cirrhotic liver, MLpvNG2+ cells showed higher survival and favored differentiation into ALB(+) and G6Pc(+) hepatocytes, whereas niBM-MSCs predominantly differentiated into CK/KRT19(+) cholangiocytes. We identified C/EBPα/β expression as a biological characteristic differentiating these two populations of MSCs, wherein MLpvNG2+ cells are likely regulated by C/EBPβ transcriptional signaling, whereas niBM-MSCs are likely controlled by C/EBPα transcriptional signaling. Notably, although C/EBPα and C/EBPβ transcriptional signaling regulate hepatocyte and cholangiocyte fate, respectively, the expression of these proteins in MLpvNG2+ cells is, to our knowledge, reported for the first time in the present study. We used anti-C/EBP neutralizing antibodies (Abs) both in vitro and in vivo to determine the functional characteristics of these proteins. We conclude that the biological characteristics of these two populations of MSCs depend on their differential C/EBPα/β expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejuan Lai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Army Medical University, No 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shifang Jiang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Army Medical University, No 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Army Medical University, No 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Army Medical University, No 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Renpei Xia
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Army Medical University, No 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Quanyu Chen
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Army Medical University, No 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lianhua Bai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Army Medical University, No 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Nakamura N, Shi X, Darabi R, Li Y. Hypoxia in Cell Reprogramming and the Epigenetic Regulations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:609984. [PMID: 33585477 PMCID: PMC7876330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.609984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming is a fundamental topic in the research of stem cells and molecular biology. It is widely investigated and its understanding is crucial for learning about different aspects of development such as cell proliferation, determination of cell fate and stem cell renewal. Other factors involved during development include hypoxia and epigenetics, which play major roles in the development of tissues and organs. This review will discuss the involvement of hypoxia and epigenetics in the regulation of cellular reprogramming and how interplay between each factor can contribute to different cellular functions as well as tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Radbod Darabi
- The Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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DOCK6 promotes chemo- and radioresistance of gastric cancer by modulating WNT/β-catenin signaling and cancer stem cell traits. Oncogene 2020; 39:5933-5949. [PMID: 32753649 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and prognosis after potentially curative gastrectomy remains poor. Administration of GC-targeting molecules in combination with adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy following surgical resection has been proposed as a potentially effective treatment option. Here, we have identified DOCK6, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac1 and CDC42, as an independent biomarker for GC prognosis. Clinical findings indicate the positive correlation of higher DOCK6 expression with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and pathological stage. Furthermore, elevated DOCK6 expression was significantly associated with shorter cumulative survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Gene ontology analysis of three independent clinical GC cohorts revealed significant involvement of DOCK6-correlated genes in the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Ectopic expression of DOCK6 promoted GC cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics and chemo- or radioresistance concomitantly through Rac1 activation. Conversely, depletion of DOCK6 suppressed CSC phenotypes and progression of GC, further demonstrating the pivotal role of DOCK6 in GC progression. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanistic link between DOCK6, Rac1, and β-catenin in GCCSC for the first time, supporting the utility of DOCK6 as an independent marker of GC.
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Nakagomi T, Takagi T, Beppu M, Yoshimura S, Matsuyama T. Neural regeneration by regionally induced stem cells within post-stroke brains: Novel therapy perspectives for stroke patients. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:452-463. [PMID: 31523366 PMCID: PMC6716084 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a critical disease which causes serious neurological functional loss such as paresis. Hope for novel therapies is based on the increasing evidence of the presence of stem cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS) and the development of stem-cell-based therapies for stroke patients. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represented initially a promising cell source, only a few transplanted MSCs were present near the injured areas of the CNS. Thus, regional stem cells that are present and/or induced in the CNS may be ideal when considering a treatment following ischemic stroke. In this context, we have recently showed that injury/ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs) and injury/ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) are present within post-stroke human brains and post-stroke mouse brains. This indicates that iNSPCs/iSCs could be developed for clinical applications treating patients with stroke. The present study introduces the traits of mouse and human iNSPCs, with a focus on the future perspective for CNS regenerative therapies using novel iNSPCs/iSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mikiya Beppu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Ma Z, Shi H, Shen Y, Li H, Yang Y, Yang J, Zhao H, Wang G, Wang J. Emerin anchors Msx1 and its protein partners at the nuclear periphery to inhibit myogenesis. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:34. [PMID: 31044068 PMCID: PMC6460851 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that in myogenic precursors, the homeoprotein Msx1 and its protein partners, histone methyltransferases and repressive histone marks, tend to be enriched on target myogenic regulatory genes at the nuclear periphery. The nuclear periphery localization of Msx1 and its protein partners is required for Msx1's function of preventing myogenic precursors from pre-maturation through repressing target myogenic regulatory genes. However, the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of Msx1 and its protein partners' nuclear periphery localization are unknown. RESULTS We show that an inner nuclear membrane protein, Emerin, performs as an anchor settled at the inner nuclear membrane to keep Msx1 and its protein partners Ezh2, H3K27me3 enriching at the nuclear periphery, and participates in inhibition of myogenesis mediated by Msx1. Msx1 interacts with Emerin both in C2C12 myoblasts and mouse developing limbs, which is the prerequisite for Emerin mediating the precise location of Msx1, Ezh2, and H3K27me3. The deficiency of Emerin in C2C12 myoblasts disturbs the nuclear periphery localization of Msx1, Ezh2, and H3K27me3, directly indicating Emerin functioning as an anchor. Furthermore, Emerin cooperates with Msx1 to repress target myogenic regulatory genes, and assists Msx1 with inhibition of myogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Emerin cooperates with Msx1 to inhibit myogenesis through maintaining the nuclear periphery localization of Msx1 and Msx1's protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjing Ma
- 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Shi
- 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People's Republic of China
| | - Huixia Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiange Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Zhengzhou Revogene Inc, Zhengzhou, 450000 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People's Republic of China.,3State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiang Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People's Republic of China
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Taghiyar L, Hosseini S, Hesaraki M, Azam Sayahpour F, Aghdami N, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Isolation, Characterization and Osteogenic Potential of Mouse Digit Tip Blastema Cells in Comparison with Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:585-598. [PMID: 29105393 PMCID: PMC5672097 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Limb regeneration mediated by blastema cells (BlCs) in mammals is limited to the digit tips of neonates.
Due to the lack of access to BlCs in adults and the difficulty in isolating and expanding BlCs from neonates, the use
of a cellular population with similar features of BlCs would be a valuable strategy to direct a non-regenerative wound
towards regeneration. In this study, we have initially isolated and cultured BlCs, and explored their characteristics in
vitro. Next, we compared the capability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as an alternative
accessible cell source to BlCs for regeneration of appendages.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, BM-MSCs were isolated from BM and we obtained BlCs from the
neonatal regenerating digit tip of C57B/6 mice. The cells were characterized for expressions of cell surface markers by
flow cytometry. Quantitative-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and lineage-specific staining
were used to assess their ability to differentiate into skeletal cell lineages. The colony forming ability, proliferation,
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content, and osteogenic gene expression were evaluated in both BM-
MSCs and BlCs cultures at days 7, 14, and 21.
Results qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the cells from both sources readily differentiated into mesodermal lineages. There
was significantly higher colony forming ability in BM-MSCs compared to BlCs (P<0.05). Alizarin red staining (ARS), calcium,
and the ALP assay showed the same degree of mineral deposition in both BlCs and BM-MSCs. Gene expression levels of
osteblastic markers indicated similar bone differentiation capacity for both BlCs and BM-MSCs at all time-points.
Conclusion Characteristics of BlCs in vitro appear to be similar to BM-MSCs. Therefore, they could be considered as a
substitute for BlCs for a regenerative approach with potential use in future clinical settings for regenerating human appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hesaraki
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Novel Regenerative Therapies Based on Regionally Induced Multipotent Stem Cells in Post-Stroke Brains: Their Origin, Characterization, and Perspective. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:515-528. [PMID: 28744717 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain injuries such as ischemic stroke cause severe neural loss. Until recently, it was believed that post-ischemic areas mainly contain necrotic tissue and inflammatory cells. However, using a mouse model of cerebral infarction, we demonstrated that stem cells develop within ischemic areas. Ischemia-induced stem cells can function as neural progenitors; thus, we initially named them injury/ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs). However, because they differentiate into more than neural lineages, we now refer to them as ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs). Very recently, we showed that putative iNSPCs/iSCs are present within post-stroke areas in human brains. Because iNSPCs/iSCs isolated from mouse and human ischemic tissues can differentiate into neuronal lineages in vitro, it is possible that a clearer understanding of iNSPC/iSC profiles and the molecules that regulate iNSPC/iSC fate (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, and survival) would make it possible to perform neural regeneration/repair in patients following stroke. In this article, we introduce the origin and traits of iNSPCs/iSCs based on our reports and recent viewpoints. We also discuss their possible contribution to neurogenesis through endogenous and exogenous iNSPC/iSC therapies following ischemic stroke.
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Zhou J, Cui H, Lu H, Xu Z, Feng W, Chen L, Jin X, Yang X, Qi Z. Muscle-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration: reality or illusion? Regen Med 2017. [PMID: 28621200 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the complicated and time-consuming regenerative process, the repair of injured peripheral nerves depends largely on ongoing stem-cell therapy. Decades ago, researchers successfully isolated and identified muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and discovered their potential for multidifferentiation. MDSCs play an important role in trauma repair associated with neuromuscular and vascular injury by simultaneously promoting tissue regrowth via direct differentiation and systematic secretion under physiological conditions. However, the isolation, culture, induction and application of MDSCs require further methodological analysis before clinical application. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the challenges associated with neural regeneration and reviewed the progress of stem cell based regenerative medicine, in an effort to realize the potential of MDSCs in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Haibin Lu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhuqiu Xu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Weifeng Feng
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zuoliang Qi
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
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12
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Ogawa R, Fujita K, Ito K. Mouse embryonic dorsal root ganglia contain pluripotent stem cells that show features similar to embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Biol Open 2017; 6:602-618. [PMID: 28373172 PMCID: PMC5450311 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we showed that the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the mouse embryo contains pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that have developmental capacities equivalent to those of embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Mouse embryonic DRG cells expressed pluripotency-related transcription factors [octamer-binding transcription factor 4, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box containing gene (Sox) 2, and Nanog] that play essential roles in maintaining the pluripotency of ES cells. Furthermore, the DRG cells differentiated into ectoderm-, mesoderm- and endoderm-derived cells. In addition, these cells produced primordial germ cell-like cells and embryoid body-like spheres. We also showed that the combination of leukemia inhibitor factor/bone morphogenetic protein 2/fibroblast growth factor 2 effectively promoted maintenance of the pluripotency of the PSCs present in DRGs, as well as that of neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) in DRGs, which were previously shown to be present there. Furthermore, the expression of pluripotency-related transcription factors in the DRG cells was regulated by chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 and Sox10, which are indispensable for the formation of NCSCs, and vice versa. These findings support the possibility that PSCs in mouse embryonic DRGs are NCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Ogawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kyohei Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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13
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Taghiyar L, Hesaraki M, Sayahpour FA, Satarian L, Hosseini S, Aghdami N, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Msh homeobox 1 ( Msx1)- and Msx2-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells resemble blastema cells and enhance regeneration in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10520-10533. [PMID: 28461333 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.774265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Amputation of the proximal region in mammals is not followed by regeneration because blastema cells (BCs) and expression of regenerative genes, such as Msh homeobox (Msx) genes, are absent in this animal group. The lack of BCs and positional information in other cells is therefore the main obstacle to therapeutic approaches for limb regeneration. Hence, this study aimed to create blastema-like cells (BlCs) by overexpressing Msx1 and Msx2 genes in mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) to regenerate a proximally amputated digit tip. We transduced mBMSCs with Msx1 and Msx2 genes and compared osteogenic activity and expression levels of several Msx-regulated genes (Bmp4, Fgf8, and keratin 14 (K14)) in BlC groups, including MSX1, MSX2, and MSX1/2 (in a 1:1 ratio) with those in mBMSCs and BCs in vitro and in vivo following injection into the amputation site. We found that Msx gene overexpression increased expression of specific blastemal markers and enhanced the proliferation rate and osteogenesis of BlCs compared with mBMSCs and BCs via activation of Fgf8 and Bmp4 Histological analyses indicated full regrowth of digit tips in the Msx-overexpressing groups, particularly in MSX1/2, through endochondral ossification 6 weeks post-injection. In contrast, mBMSCs and BCs formed abnormal bone and nail. Full digit tip was regenerated only in the MSX1/2 group and was related to boosted Bmp4, Fgf8, and K14 gene expression and to limb-patterning properties resulting from Msx1 and Msx2 overexpression. We propose that Msx-transduced cells that can regenerate epithelial and mesenchymal tissues may potentially be utilized in limb regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Taghiyar
- From the Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1665659911, Iran and.,the Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 13145-871, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hesaraki
- From the Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1665659911, Iran and
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- From the Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1665659911, Iran and
| | - Leila Satarian
- From the Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1665659911, Iran and
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- From the Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1665659911, Iran and
| | - Naser Aghdami
- From the Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1665659911, Iran and
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- From the Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1665659911, Iran and
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14
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Vojnits K, Pan H, Dai X, Sun H, Tong Q, Darabi R, Huard J, Li Y. Functional Neuronal Differentiation of Injury-Induced Muscle-Derived Stem Cell-Like Cells with Therapeutic Implications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1177. [PMID: 28446779 PMCID: PMC5430871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles contain a number of heterogeneous cell populations. Our previous study characterized a unique population of myogenic lineage stem cells that can be isolated from adult mammalian skeletal muscles upon injury. These injury-induced muscle-derived stem cell-like cells (iMuSCs) displayed a multipotent state with sensitiveness and strong migration abilities. Here, we report that these iMuSCs have the capability to form neurospheres that represent multiple neural phenotypes. The induced neuronal cells expressed various neuron-specific proteins, their mRNA expression during neuronal differentiation recapitulated embryonic neurogenesis, they generated action potentials, and they formed functional synapses in vitro. Furthermore, the transplantation of iMuSCs or their cell extracts into the muscles of mdx mice (i.e., a mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy [DMD]) could restore the morphology of their previously damaged neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), suggesting that the beneficial effects of iMuSCs may not be restricted to cell restoration alone, but also due to their transient paracrine actions. The current study reveals the essential role of iMuSCs in the restoration of NMJs related to injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Vojnits
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Haiying Pan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA.,Department of Orthopeadic, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Xiaojing Dai
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Disease, The IMM at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Disease, The IMM at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopeadic, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.,Center for Sports Regenerative Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA.,Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, The IMM at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA. .,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA. .,Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, The IMM at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, Houston, 77030, USA.
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15
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Tatebayashi K, Tanaka Y, Nakano-Doi A, Sakuma R, Kamachi S, Shirakawa M, Uchida K, Kageyama H, Takagi T, Yoshimura S, Matsuyama T, Nakagomi T. Identification of Multipotent Stem Cells in Human Brain Tissue Following Stroke. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:787-797. [PMID: 28323540 PMCID: PMC5466056 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular regions of the brain harbor multipotent stem cells. We previously demonstrated that brain pericytes near blood vessels also develop multipotency following experimental ischemia in mice and these ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) can contribute to neurogenesis. However, it is essential to understand the traits of iSCs in the poststroke human brain for possible applications in stem cell-based therapies for stroke patients. In this study, we report for the first time that iSCs can be isolated from the poststroke human brain. Putative iSCs were derived from poststroke brain tissue obtained from elderly stroke patients requiring decompressive craniectomy and partial lobectomy for diffuse cerebral infarction. Immunohistochemistry showed that these iSCs were localized near blood vessels within poststroke areas containing apoptotic/necrotic neurons and expressed both the stem cell marker nestin and several pericytic markers. Isolated iSCs expressed these same markers and demonstrated high proliferative potential without loss of stemness. Furthermore, isolated iSCs expressed other stem cell markers, such as Sox2, c-myc, and Klf4, and differentiated into multiple cells in vitro, including neurons. These results show that iSCs, which are likely brain pericyte derivatives, are present within the poststroke human brain. This study suggests that iSCs can contribute to neural repair in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Tatebayashi
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yasue Tanaka
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan .,2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- 2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Rika Sakuma
- 2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Saeko Kamachi
- 2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirakawa
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Uchida
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kageyama
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- 2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- 2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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16
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Ding K, Liu WY, Zeng Q, Hou F, Xu JZ, Yang Z. Msx1-modulated muscle satellite cells retain a primitive state and exhibit an enhanced capacity for osteogenic differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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