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Schwartz M, Ibadioune S, Chansavang A, Vacher S, Caputo SM, Delhomelle H, Wong J, Abidallah K, Moncoutier V, Becette V, Popova T, Suybeng V, De Pauw A, Stern MH, Colas C, Mouret-Fourme E, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Golmard L, Bieche I, Masliah-Planchon J. Mosaic BRCA1 promoter methylation contribution in hereditary breast/ovarian cancer pedigrees. J Med Genet 2024; 61:284-288. [PMID: 37748860 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mosaic BRCA1 promoter methylation (BRCA1meth) increases the risk of early-onset breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer. As mosaic BRCA1meth are believed to occur de novo, their role in family breast/ovarian cancer has not been assessed. PATIENTS Blood-derived DNA from 20 unrelated affected cases from families with aggregation of breast/ovarian cancer, but with no germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2, PALB2 or RAD51C/D, were screened by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting. CpG analysis was performed by pyrosequencing on blood and buccal swab. Two probands carried a pathogenic variant in a moderate-penetrance gene (ATM and BARD1), and 8 of 18 others (44%) carried BRCA1meth (vs none of the 20 age-matched controls). Involvement of BRCA1 in tumourigenesis in methylated probands was demonstrated in most tested cases by detection of a loss of heterozygosity and a homologous recombination deficiency signature. Among the eight methylated probands, two had relatives with breast cancer with detectable BRCA1meth in blood, including one with high methylation levels in two non-tumour tissues. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of mosaic BRCA1meth in patients with breast/ovarian cancer with affected relatives, as well as this first description of a family aggregation of mosaic BRCA1meth, shows how this de novo event can contribute to hereditary breast/ovarian cancer pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schwartz
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- UMR3244, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Ibadioune
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Albain Chansavang
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine M Caputo
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Delhomelle
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Wong
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Abidallah
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Moncoutier
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Becette
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Curie Institute, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Inserm U830, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Voreak Suybeng
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine De Pauw
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Inserm U830, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Chrystelle Colas
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Inserm U830, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mouret-Fourme
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Department of genetics, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Paris, France
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2
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Rismanbaf A. Improving targeted small molecule drugs to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1945. [PMID: 37994401 PMCID: PMC10809209 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional cancer treatments face the challenge of therapeutic resistance, which causes poor treatment outcomes. The use of combination therapies can improve treatment results in patients and is one of the solutions to overcome this challenge. Chemotherapy is one of the conventional treatments that, due to the non-targeted and lack of specificity in targeting cancer cells, can cause serious complications in the short and long-term for patients by damaging healthy cells. Also, the employment of a wide range of strategies for chemotherapy resistance by cancer cells, metastasis, and cancer recurrence create serious problems to achieve the desired results of chemotherapy. Accordingly, targeted therapies can be used as a combination treatment with chemotherapy to both cause less damage to healthy cells, which as a result, they reduce the side effects of chemotherapy, and by targeting the factors that cause therapeutic challenges, can improve the results of chemotherapy in patients. RECENT FINDINGS Small molecules are one of the main targeted therapies that can be used for diverse targets in cancer treatment due to their penetration ability and characteristics. However, small molecules in cancer treatment are facing obstacles that a better understanding of cancer biology, as well as the mechanisms and factors involved in chemotherapy resistance, can lead to the improvement of this type of major targeted therapy. CONCLUSION In this review article, at first, the challenges that lead to not achieving the desired results in chemotherapy and how cancer cells can be resistant to chemotherapy are examined, and at the end, research areas are suggested that more focusing on them, can lead to the improvement of the results of using targeted small molecules as an adjunctive treatment for chemotherapy in the conditions of chemotherapy resistance and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Rismanbaf
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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3
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Muhammad N, Azeem A, Bakar MA, Prajzendanc K, Loya A, Jakubowska A, Hamann U, Rashid MU. Contribution of constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation to early-onset and familial breast cancer patients from Pakistan. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:377-387. [PMID: 37528266 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation has been identified as a potential risk factor for breast cancer (BC) in the Caucasian population. However, this data is lacking for BC patients of Asian origin. Therefore, we assessed the contribution of constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation in Pakistani BC patients. METHODS A total of 385 BRCA1/2-negative index BC patients (197 early-onset BC (≤ 30 years), 152 familial BC, 17 familial BC and ovarian cancer, 19 male BC) and 107 healthy controls were screened for the constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting assay. Overall, 131 patients displayed triple-negative BC (TNBC) and 254 non-TNBC phenotypes. The prevalence of BRCA1 promoter methylation was calculated based on clinicopathological characteristics using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation was identified in 19.5% (75/385) of BC patients and 13.1% (14/107) of controls. The frequency of methylation was higher in early-onset BC (23.4% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.035) and TNBC patients (29.0% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.004) compared to controls. Methylation was also more prevalent in patients with high-grade than low-grade tumors (21.7% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.034) and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative than PR-positive tumors (26.0% vs. 13.9%, P = 0.004). Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation remained independently associated with TNBC phenotype (odds ratio 1.99; 95% CI 1.12-3.54; P = 0.02) after adjusting for BC diagnosis age, tumor grade, ER, and PR status. CONCLUSION Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation is associated with TNBC and can serve as a non-invasive blood-based biomarker for Pakistani TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Muhammad
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7-A, Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Azeem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7-A, Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Department of Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, SKMCH&RC, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Karolina Prajzendanc
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, SKMCH&RC, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7-A, Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
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Dieu Vuong L, Ngoc Nguyen Q. ABERRANT METHYLATION OF CANCER-RELATED GENES IN VIETNAMESE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: ASSOCIATIONS WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:195-202. [PMID: 37824772 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.02.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alteration is one of the most common molecular changes identified in the progression of breast cancer (BC). AIM To study the frequency and relation between methylation of BRCA1, MLH1, MGMT, GSTP1, APC, RASSF1A, p16, WIF, and EGFR and the clinicopathological features in Vietnamese BC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and SPSS 20.0 software were utilized in order to identify methylated frequency as well as evaluate its relationship with the patient's clinical features. RESULTS In 162 BC cases, the methylation rates of the selected genes were 53.7%, 22.8%, 38.9%, 34.6%, 29.0%, 46.3%, 20.4%, 18.5%, and 28.4% respectively. In 32 cases of benign breast diseases (BBD) - 12.5%, 15.6%, 6.3%, 3.1%, 12.5%, 21.9%, 3.1%, 15.6% and 3.1%. BC samples displayed higher BRCA1, MGMT, GSTP1, APC, RASSF1A, WIF1, and p16 methylation levels than BBD samples (p < 0.001). Hypermethylation of BRCA1, GSTP1, and RASSF1A was predominant in the invasive ductal carcinoma, while hypermethylation of BRCA1, GSTP1, RASSF1A, WIF-1, and p16 was found to significantly correlate with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). Hypermethylation of BRCA1, MGMT, and GSTP1 was more common in stage III (p < 0.05) than in stages I/II, whereas MLH1 methylation was predominant in stage I and APC methylation was less common in stage III (p = 0.03). In addition, methylation of RASSF1A and EGFR was more frequent in younger patients (p < 0.01) than in elder patients. CONCLUSION These data suggest that a gene panel (BRCA1/MGMT/GSTP1) can be used to support the diagnosis and screening of Vietnamese patients' BC with a sensitivity of 70%, and a specificity of 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Dieu Vuong
- Pathology and Molecular Biology Centre, National Cancer Hospital K, 30 Cau Buou Street, Thanh Tri, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Ngoc Nguyen
- Pathology and Molecular Biology Centre, National Cancer Hospital K, 30 Cau Buou Street, Thanh Tri, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Oubaddou Y, Oukabli M, Fenniche S, Elktaibi A, Elochi MR, Al Bouzidi A, Qmichou Z, Dakka N, Diorio C, Richter A, Bakri Y, Ameziane El Hassani R. BRCA1 Promoter Hypermethylation in Malignant Breast Tumors and in the Histologically Normal Adjacent Tissues to the Tumors: Exploring Its Potential as a Biomarker and Its Clinical Significance in a Translational Approach. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1680. [PMID: 37761820 PMCID: PMC10530732 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypermethylation status of the promoter region of the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), a well-known tumor suppressor gene, has been extensively investigated in the last two decades as a potential biomarker for breast cancer. In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence of BRCA1 promoter methylation in 84 human breast tissues, and we correlated this epigenetic silencing with the clinical and histopathological parameters of breast cancer. We used methylation-specific PCR (MSP) to analyze BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation in 48 malignant breast tumors (MBTs), 15 normal adjacent tissues (NATs), and 21 benign breast lesions (BBLs). The results showed that BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation was higher in MBTs (20/48; 41.67%) and NATs (7/15; 46.67%) compared to BBLs (4/21; 19.05%). The high percentage of BRCA1 hypermethylation in the histologically normal adjacent tissues to the tumors (NATs) suggests the involvement of this epigenetic silencing as a potential biomarker of the early genomic instability in NATs surrounding the tumors. The detection of BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation in BBLs reinforces this suggestion, knowing that a non-negligible rate of benign breast lesions was reported to evolve into cancer. Moreover, our results indicated that the BRCA1 promoter hypermethylated group of MBTs exhibited higher rates of aggressive features, as indicated by the SBR III grade (14/19; 73.68%), elevated Ki67 levels (13/16; 81.25%), and Her2 receptor overexpression (5/20; 25%). Finally, we observed a concordance (60%) in BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation status between malignant breast tumors and their paired histologically normal adjacent tissues. This study highlights the role of BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation as a potential useful biomarker of aggressiveness in MBTs and as an early marker of genomic instability in both histological NATs and BBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassire Oubaddou
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco; (Y.O.); (S.F.); (N.D.); (Y.B.)
| | - Mohamed Oukabli
- Service of Anatomical Pathology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V (HMIMV-R), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco; (M.O.); (A.E.); (M.R.E.)
| | - Salma Fenniche
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco; (Y.O.); (S.F.); (N.D.); (Y.B.)
| | - Abderrahim Elktaibi
- Service of Anatomical Pathology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V (HMIMV-R), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco; (M.O.); (A.E.); (M.R.E.)
| | - Mohamed Reda Elochi
- Service of Anatomical Pathology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V (HMIMV-R), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco; (M.O.); (A.E.); (M.R.E.)
| | | | - Zineb Qmichou
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat 10001, Morocco;
| | - Nadia Dakka
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco; (Y.O.); (S.F.); (N.D.); (Y.B.)
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada;
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC GIV 0A6, Canada
| | - Antje Richter
- Institute for Genetics, University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco; (Y.O.); (S.F.); (N.D.); (Y.B.)
| | - Rabii Ameziane El Hassani
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco; (Y.O.); (S.F.); (N.D.); (Y.B.)
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6
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Sergeeva A, Davydova K, Perenkov A, Vedunova M. Mechanisms of human DNA methylation, alteration of methylation patterns in physiological processes and oncology. Gene 2023:147487. [PMID: 37211289 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic modifications of the genome, the essence of which is the attachment of a methyl group to nitrogenous bases. In the eukaryote genome, cytosine is methylated in the vast majority of cases. About 98% of cytosines are methylated as part of CpG dinucleotides. They, in turn, form CpG islands, which are clusters of these dinucleotides. Islands located in the regulatory elements of genes are in particular interest. They are assumed to play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in humans. Besides that, cytosine methylation serves the functions of genomic imprinting, transposon suppression, epigenetic memory maintenance, X- chromosome inactivation, and embryonic development. Of particular interest are the enzymatic processes of methylation and demethylation. The methylation process always depends on the work of enzymatic complexes and is very precisely regulated. The methylation process largely depends on the functioning of three groups of enzymes: writers, readers and erasers. Writers include proteins of the DNMT family, readers are proteins containing the MBD, BTB/POZ or SET- and RING-associated domains and erasers are proteins of the TET family. Whereas demethylation can be performed not only by enzymatic complexes, but also passively during DNA replication. Hence, the maintenance of DNA methylation is important. Changes in methylation patterns are observed during embryonic development, aging, and cancers. In both aging and cancer, massive hypomethylation of the genome with local hypermethylation is observed. In this review, we will review the current understanding of the mechanisms of DNA methylation and demethylation in humans, the structure and distribution of CpG islands, the role of methylation in the regulation of gene expression, embryogenesis, aging, and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sergeeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - K Davydova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - A Perenkov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - M Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
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7
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Malhotra MK, Pahuja S, Kiesel BF, Appleman LJ, Ding F, Lin Y, Tawbi HA, Stoller RG, Lee JJ, Belani CP, Chen AP, Giranda VL, Shepherd SP, Emens LA, Ivy SP, Chu E, Beumer JH, Puhalla S. A phase 1 study of veliparib (ABT-888) plus weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced solid malignancies, with an expansion cohort in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (ETCTN 8620). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:487-498. [PMID: 36853577 PMCID: PMC10710035 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veliparib is a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, and it has clinical activity with every 3 weeks carboplatin and paclitaxel. In breast cancer, weekly paclitaxel is associated with improved overall survival. We aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of veliparib with weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel as well as safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Patients with locally advanced/metastatic solid tumors and adequate organ function were eligible. A standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was followed by a TNBC expansion cohort. Veliparib doses ranging from 50 to 200 mg orally bid were tested with carboplatin (AUC 2) and paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) given weekly in a 21-day cycle. Adverse events (AE) were evaluated by CTCAE v4.0, and objective response rate (ORR) was determined by RECIST 1.1. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled, of whom 22 had TNBC. Two dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The RP2D was determined to be 150 mg PO bid veliparib with weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel 2 weeks on, 1 week off, based on hematologic toxicity requiring dose reduction in the first 5 cycles of treatment. The most common grade 3/4 AEs included neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. PK parameters of veliparib were comparable to single-agent veliparib. In 23 patients with evaluable disease, the ORR was 65%. In 19 patients with TNBC with evaluable disease, the ORR was 63%. CONCLUSION Veliparib can be safely combined with weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin, and this triplet combination has promising clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica K Malhotra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shalu Pahuja
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian F Kiesel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonard J Appleman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Ding
- Biostatistics Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald G Stoller
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chandra P Belani
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alice P Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - Leisha A Emens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Percy Ivy
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Hillman Research Pavilion, Room G27E, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1863, USA.
| | - Shannon Puhalla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- UPMC Magee Women's Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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8
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de Jong VMT, Pruntel R, Steenbruggen TG, Bleeker FE, Nederlof P, Hogervorst FBL, Linn SC. Identifying the BRCA1 c.-107A > T variant in Dutch patients with a tumor BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation. Fam Cancer 2023; 22:151-154. [PMID: 36112334 PMCID: PMC10020283 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-022-00314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An inherited single nucleotide variant (SNV) in the 5'UTR of the BRCA1 gene c.-107A > T was identified to be related to BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer phenotype in two UK families. We investigated whether this BRCA1 variant was also present in a Dutch cohort of breast and ovarian cancer patients with tumor BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation. We selected all breast and ovarian cancer cases that tested positive for tumor BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation at the Netherlands Cancer Institute and Sanger sequenced the specific mutation in the tumor DNA. In total, we identified 193 tumors with BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation in 178 unique patients. The wild-type allele was identified in 100% (193/193) of sequenced tumor samples. In a large cohort of 178 patients, none had tumors harboring the previously identified c.-107A > T SNV in BRCA1. We therefore can conclude that the germline SNV is not pervasive in patients with tumor BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M T de Jong
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roelof Pruntel
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tessa G Steenbruggen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fonnet E Bleeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petra Nederlof
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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9
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Jagtap SV, Jagtap SS. Methylation of BRCA1 promoter in sporadic breast cancer. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:85-87. [PMID: 37602590 PMCID: PMC10550062 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1574_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Vitthalrao Jagtap
- Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad 415 539, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati S. Jagtap
- Department of Physiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad 415 539, Maharashtra, India
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10
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DNA Damage Response in Cancer Therapy and Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314672. [PMID: 36499000 PMCID: PMC9735783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy is a common event among cancer patients and a reason why new cancer therapies and therapeutic strategies need to be in continuous investigation and development. DNA damage response (DDR) comprises several pathways that eliminate DNA damage to maintain genomic stability and integrity, but different types of cancers are associated with DDR machinery defects. Many improvements have been made in recent years, providing several drugs and therapeutic strategies for cancer patients, including those targeting the DDR pathways. Currently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitors) are the DDR inhibitors (DDRi) approved for several cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. However, PARPi resistance is a growing issue in clinical settings that increases disease relapse and aggravate patients' prognosis. Additionally, resistance to other DDRi is also being found and investigated. The resistance mechanisms to DDRi include reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, stabilization of the replication fork, and increased drug efflux. This review highlights the DDR pathways in cancer therapy, its role in the resistance to conventional treatments, and its exploitation for anticancer treatment. Biomarkers of treatment response, combination strategies with other anticancer agents, resistance mechanisms, and liabilities of treatment with DDR inhibitors are also discussed.
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11
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Joshi S, Garlapati C, Aneja R. Epigenetic Determinants of Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer: Looking beyond Genetic Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081903. [PMID: 35454810 PMCID: PMC9025441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A substantial disparity in breast cancer incidence and mortality exists between African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. However, the basis for these disparities is poorly understood. In this article, we describe that gene–environment interactions mediated through epigenetic modifications may play a significant role in racial disparities in BC incidence and outcomes. Our in silico analyses and an in-depth literature survey suggest that there exists a significant difference in epigenetic patterns between AA and EA women with breast cancer. Herein, we describe the environmental factors that contribute to these epigenetic changes, which may underlie the disparate racial burden in patients with breast cancer. We suggest that AA women with higher basal epigenetic changes, may have higher pre-disposition to cancer onset, and an aggressive disease course. Pre-existing racial differences in epigenetic profiles of breast tissues raises the possibility of examining these profiles for early diagnosis. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Despite advancements in BC screening, prevention, and treatment, BC incidence and mortality remain high among African American (AA) women. Compared with European American (EA) women, AA women tend to be diagnosed with more advanced and aggressive tumors and exhibit worse survival outcomes. Most studies investigating the determinants of racial disparities in BC have focused on genetic factors associated with African ancestry. However, various environmental and social stressors over an individual’s life course can also shape racial stratification in BC. These social and environmental exposures result in long-term changes in gene expression mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics is often portrayed as an intersection of socially patterned stress and genetic expression. The enduring nature of epigenetic changes makes them suitable for studying the effects of different environmental exposures over an individual’s life course on gene expression. The role of differential social and environmental exposures in racial disparities in BC suggests varied epigenetic profiles or signatures associated with specific BC subtypes in AA and EA women. These epigenetic profiles in EA and AA women could be used as biomarkers for early BC diagnosis and disease prognosis and may prove valuable for the development of targeted therapies for BC. This review article discusses the current state of knowledge regarding epigenetic differences between AA and EA women with BC. We also discuss the role of socio-environmental factors, including psychosocial stress, environmental toxicants, and dietary factors, in delineating the different epigenetic profiles in AA and EA patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Joshi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.J.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.J.); (C.G.)
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostics Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: or
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12
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Quintas-Granados LI, Cortés H, Carmen MGD, Leyva-Gómez G, Bustamante-Montes LP, Rodríguez-Morales M, Villegas-Vazquez EY, López-Reyes I, Alcaraz-Estrada SL, Sandoval-Basilio J, Soto-Reyes E, Sharifi-Rad J, Figueroa-González G, Reyes-Hernández OD. The high methylation level of a novel 151-bp CpG island in the ESR1 gene promoter is associated with a poor breast cancer prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:649. [PMID: 34863151 PMCID: PMC8645138 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ESR1 gene suffers methylation changes in many types of cancers, including breast cancer (BC), the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women that is also present in men. Methylation at promoter A of ESR1 is the worse prognosis in terms of overall survival; thus, the early detection, prognostic, and prediction of therapy involve some methylation biomarkers. METHODS Therefore, our study aimed to examine the methylation levels at the ESR1 gene in samples from Mexican BC patients and its possible association with menopausal status. RESULTS We identified a novel 151-bp CpG island in the promoter A of the ESR1 gene. Interestingly, methylation levels at this CpG island in positive ERα tumors were approximately 50% less than negative ERα or control samples. Furthermore, methylation levels at ESR1 were associated with menopausal status. In postmenopausal patients, the methylation levels were 1.5-fold higher than in premenopausal patients. Finally, according to tumor malignancy, triple-negative cancer subtypes had higher ESR1 methylation levels than luminal/HER2+ or luminal A subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that methylation at this novel CpG island might be a promising prognosis marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Edgar Yebran Villegas-Vazquez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel López-Reyes
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Cuautepec, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sofía Lizeth Alcaraz-Estrada
- División de Medicina Genomica, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre"-ISSSTE, Mexico, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Sandoval-Basilio
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Universidad Hipócrates, Acapulco, Gro., México
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Gro., México
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 09230, Mexico City, México.
| | - Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 09230, Mexico City, México.
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13
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Mc Auley MT. DNA methylation in genes associated with the evolution of ageing and disease: A critical review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101488. [PMID: 34662746 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is characterised by a physical decline in biological functioning which results in a progressive risk of mortality with time. As a biological phenomenon, it is underpinned by the dysregulation of a myriad of complex processes. Recently, however, ever-increasing evidence has associated epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation (DNAm) with age-onset pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases compromise healthspan. Consequently, there is a medical imperative to understand the link between epigenetic ageing, and healthspan. Evolutionary theory provides a unique way to gain new insights into epigenetic ageing and health. This review will: (1) provide a brief overview of the main evolutionary theories of ageing; (2) discuss recent genetic evidence which has revealed alleles that have pleiotropic effects on fitness at different ages in humans; (3) consider the effects of DNAm on pleiotropic alleles, which are associated with age related disease; (4) discuss how age related DNAm changes resonate with the mutation accumulation, disposable soma and programmed theories of ageing; (5) discuss how DNAm changes associated with caloric restriction intersect with the evolution of ageing; and (6) conclude by discussing how evolutionary theory can be used to inform investigations which quantify age-related DNAm changes which are linked to age onset pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tomás Mc Auley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Exton Park, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
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14
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Zhou C, Porter N, Borges M, Gauthier C, Ferguson L, Huang B, Nanda N, He J, Laheru D, Hruban RH, Goggins M, Klein AP, Roberts NJ. Examination of ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2 promoter methylation in patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2021; 21:938-941. [PMID: 33839031 PMCID: PMC8355034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with a poor 5-year survival rate. Pathogenic germline variants in the coding regions of ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2 are found in up to 4.8% of pancreatic cancer patients. Germline promoter methylation and gene silencing arising from a germline variant or through other mechanisms have been described as a cause of tumor suppressor gene inactivation. METHODS We measured the level of promoter methylation of the ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 655 patients with pancreatic cancer using real-time PCR. RESULTS No evidence of germline promoter methylation of any of these genes was found. Promoter methylation levels were minimal with no patient having promoter methylation greater than 3.4%, 3.3%, and 7.6% for ATM, BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively, well below levels found in patients who have inherited promoter methylation (∼50%). CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of germline promoter methylation for the pancreatic susceptibility genes ATM, BRCA1 and BRCA2 in patients with pancreatic cancer. This study reveals that constitutive germline methylation of promoter CpG islands is rare in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Porter
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Borges
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Gauthier
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Neha Nanda
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Laheru
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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The Moringin/α-CD Pretreatment Induces Neuroprotection in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Transcriptomic Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:197-214. [PMID: 34073287 PMCID: PMC8929117 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and represents the most common form of senile dementia. Autophagy and mitophagy are cellular processes that play a key role in the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau phosphorylation. As a consequence, impairment of these processes leads to the progression of AD. Thus, interest is growing in the search for new natural compounds, such as Moringin (MOR), with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties that could be used for AD prevention. However, MOR appears to be poorly soluble and stable in water. To increase its solubility MOR was conjugated with α-cyclodextrin (MOR/α-CD). In this work, it was evaluated if MOR/α-CD pretreatment was able to exert neuroprotective effects in an AD in vitro model through the evaluation of the transcriptional profile by next-generation sequencing (NGS). To induce the AD model, retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to Aβ1-42. The MOR/α-CD pretreatment reduced the expression of the genes which encode proteins involved in senescence, autophagy, and mitophagy processes. Additionally, MOR/α-CD was able to induce neuronal remodeling modulating the axon guidance, principally downregulating the Slit/Robo signaling pathway. Noteworthy, MOR/α-CD, modulating these important pathways, may induce neuronal protection against Aβ1-42 toxicity as demonstrated also by the reduction of cleaved caspase 3. These data indicated that MOR/α-CD could attenuate the progression of the disease and promote neuronal repair.
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16
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Kalachand RD, Stordal B, Madden S, Chandler B, Cunningham J, Goode EL, Ruscito I, Braicu EI, Sehouli J, Ignatov A, Yu H, Katsaros D, Mills GB, Lu KH, Carey MS, Timms KM, Kupryjanczyk J, Rzepecka IK, Podgorska A, McAlpine JN, Swisher EM, Bernards SS, O'Riain C, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ, Bowtell DD, Thomas DM, Prieske K, Joosse SA, Woelber L, Chaudhry P, Häfner N, Runnebaum IB, Hennessy BT. BRCA1 Promoter Methylation and Clinical Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 112:1190-1203. [PMID: 32413141 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 methylation has been associated with homologous recombination deficiency, a biomarker of platinum sensitivity. Studies evaluating BRCA1-methylated tubal and ovarian cancer (OC) do not consistently support improved survival following platinum chemotherapy. We examine the characteristics of BRCA1-methylated OC in a meta-analysis of individual participant data. METHODS Data of 2636 participants across 15 studies were analyzed. BRCA1-methylated tumors were defined according to their original study. Associations between BRCA1 methylation and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. The effects of methylation on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were examined using mixed-effects models. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS 430 (16.3%) tumors were BRCA1-methylated. BRCA1 methylation was associated with younger age and advanced-stage, high-grade serous OC. There were no survival differences between BRCA1-methylated and non-BRCA1-methylated OC (median PFS = 20.0 vs 18.5 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.16; P = .98; median OS = 46.6 vs 48.0 months, HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.18; P = .96). Where BRCA1/2 mutations were evaluated (n = 1248), BRCA1 methylation displayed no survival advantage over BRCA1/2-intact (BRCA1/2 wild-type non-BRCA1-methylated) OC. Studies used different methods to define BRCA1 methylation. Where BRCA1 methylation was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis (n = 834), it was associated with improved survival (PFS: HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.97; P = .02; OS: HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.00; P = .05) on mixed-effects modeling. CONCLUSION BRCA1-methylated OC displays similar clinicopathological features to BRCA1-mutated OC but is not associated with survival. Heterogeneity within BRCA1 methylation assays influences associations. Refining these assays may better identify cases with silenced BRCA1 function and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni D Kalachand
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Britta Stordal
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Stephen Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Chandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Cunningham
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ilary Ruscito
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Cell Therapy Unit and Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena I Braicu
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Centre, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- AOU Citta della Salute and Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecologic Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark S Carey
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Podgorska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Ciaran O'Riain
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Emer Casey Research Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Emer Casey Research Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - David M Thomas
- Genomic Cancer Medicine, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Katharina Prieske
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linn Woelber
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Parvesh Chaudhry
- Department of Radiotherapy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department for Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department for Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
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17
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Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Methylation as a critical epigenetic process during tumor progressions among Iranian population: an overview. Genes Environ 2021; 43:14. [PMID: 33883026 PMCID: PMC8059047 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main health challenges and leading causes of deaths in the world. Various environmental and genetic risk factors are associated with tumorigenesis. Epigenetic deregulations are also important risk factors during tumor progression which are reversible transcriptional alterations without any genomic changes. Various mechanisms are involved in epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Cancer incidence and mortality have a growing trend during last decades among Iranian population which are significantly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to prepare efficient molecular diagnostic panels for the early detection of cancer in this population. Promoter hyper methylation is frequently observed as an inhibitory molecular mechanism in various genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis during tumor progression. Since aberrant promoter methylations have critical roles in early stages of neoplastic transformations, in present review we have summarized all of the aberrant methylations which have been reported during tumor progression among Iranian cancer patients. Aberrant promoter methylations are targetable and prepare novel therapeutic options for the personalized medicine in cancer patients. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive methylation specific panel of diagnostic markers for the early detection of cancer among Iranians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Bina
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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18
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Electrochemically detecting DNA methylation in the EN1 gene promoter: implications for understanding ageing and disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226876. [PMID: 33135722 PMCID: PMC7670582 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for biomarkers which predict age-onset pathology. Although this is challenging, the methylome offers significant potential. Cancer is associated with the hypermethylation of many gene promoters, among which are developmental genes. Evolutionary theory suggests developmental genes arbitrate early-late life trade-offs, causing epimutations that increase disease vulnerability. Such genes could predict age-related disease. The aim of this work was to optimise an electrochemical procedure for the future investigation of a broad range of ageing-related pathologies. An electrochemical approach, which adopted three analytical techniques, was used to investigate DNA methylation in the engrailed-1 (EN1) gene promoter. Using synthetic single-stranded DNA, one technique was able to detect DNA at concentrations as low as 10 nM, with methylation status distinguishable at concentrations >25 nM. A negative correlation could be observed between % methylation of a heterogeneous solution and the key electrochemical parameter, charge transfer resistance (Rct; r = -0.982, P<0.01). The technique was applied to the breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), where a similar correlation was observed (r = -0.965, P<0.01). These results suggest electrochemistry can effectively measure DNA methylation at low concentrations of DNA. This has implications for the future detection of age-related disease.
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19
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Morizono A, Tanabe M, Ikemura M, Sasaki T, Ushiku T, Seto Y. Loss of BRCA1 expression and morphological features associated with BRCA1 promoter methylation status in triple-negative breast cancer. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:785-793. [PMID: 33640902 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation in the BRCA1 promoter region causes epigenetic silencing of BRCA1 gene expression, which is critical for breast cancer development. However, how BRCA1 promoter methylation status alters histological features remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the possibility to predict BRCA1 promoter methylation status based on the morphological and immunohistochemical features of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). The morphological features of 53 TNBCs were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin staining, with immunohistochemical staining of BRCA1, androgen receptor, p53, cytokeratin 5/6, and epidermal growth factor receptor. BRCA1 promoter methylation status was used to distinguish BRCA1 promoter-methylated tumors (BPMTs) from BRCA1 promoter-unmethylated tumors (BPUTs) dependent on pathological characteristics. BPMTs comprised approximately 26% of the TNBCs. Immunohistochemical analysis found that BRCA1 protein expression was significantly lower in BPMT compared with BPUT (p = 0.016). Morphologically, BPMTs were associated with high mitotic index (p = 0.017), pushing margin (p = 0.017), a circumscribed growth pattern (p = 0.014), and a syncytial growth pattern (p = 0.034) compared with BPUTs. We then assessed the potential of predicting BRCA1 promoter methylation status by using published score systems based on these morphological characteristics. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.80. This study found that BRCA1 promoter methylation status could be derived from morphological features and lower BRCA1 expression of TNBCs, which may help identify suitable cases for target treatment with PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Morizono
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanabe
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masako Ikemura
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Poloznikov AA, Muyzhnek EL, Nikulin SV, Kaprin AD, Ashrafyan LA, Rozhkova NI, Labazanova PG, Kiselev VI. Antitumor Activity of Indole-3-carbinol in Breast Cancer Cells: Phenotype, Genetic Pattern, and DNA Methylation Inversion. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820090070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Nadhan R, Vaman JV, Sengodan SK, Hemalatha SK, Chellappan N, Sadasivan S, Pasuthottiyil Varkey A, Yesodharan S, Raji Sathyanpillai K, Bhuvaneswari Venugopal AK, Prameelakumari Sreenivasan S, Rajan A, Latha NR, Varghese GR, Thankappan R, Achyutuni S, Sreekumar Usha JD, Vijayamma Anilkumar T, Srinivas P. BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation in human placenta: a hidden link with β-hCG expression. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:611-624. [PMID: 31219560 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) are group of pregnancy-related tumors characterized by abnormal levels of 'β-hCG' with higher incidence in South-East Asia, especially India. Our laboratory has reported that wild-type BRCA1 transcriptionally regulates β-hCG in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). These factors culminated into analysis of BRCA1 status in GTD, which would emanate into elucidation of BRCA1- β-hCG relationship and unraveling etio-pathology of GTD. BRCA1 level in GTD is down-regulated due to the over-expression of DNMT3b and subsequent promoter hypermethylation, when compared to the normal placentae accompanied with its shift in localization. There is an inverse correlation of serum β-hCG levels with BRCA1 mRNA expression. The effects of methotrexate (MTX), which is the first-line chemotherapeutic used for GTD treatment, when analyzed in comparison with plumbagin (PB) revealed that PB alone is efficient than MTX alone or MTX-PB in combination, in showing selective cytotoxicity against GTD. Interestingly, PB increases BRCA1 levels post-treatment, altering DNMT3b levels and resultant BRCA1 promoter methylation. Also, cohort study analyzed the incidence of GTD at Sree Avittom Thirunal (SAT) Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, which points out that 11.5% of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) cases were referred to Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, for examination of breast lumps. This has lend clues to supervene the risk of GTD patients towards BRCA1-associated diseases and unveil novel therapeutic for GTD, a plant-derived naphthoquinone, PB, already reported as selectively cytotoxic against BRCA1 defective tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Nadhan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jayashree Vijaya Vaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Sengodan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, USA
| | - Sreelatha Krishnakumar Hemalatha
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nirmala Chellappan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Santha Sadasivan
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sreelekha Yesodharan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Arathi Rajan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Neetha Rajan Latha
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Geetu Rose Varghese
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ratheeshkumar Thankappan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Research and Development Wing, Life Cell International Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarada Achyutuni
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Thapasimuthu Vijayamma Anilkumar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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22
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Bond DR, Uddipto K, Enjeti AK, Lee HJ. Single-cell epigenomics in cancer: charting a course to clinical impact. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1139-1151. [PMID: 32790506 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of global epigenetic dysregulation. Mutations in epigenetic regulators are common events in multiple cancer types and epigenetic therapies are emerging as a treatment option in several malignancies. A major challenge for the clinical management of cancer is the heterogeneous nature of this disease. Cancers are composed of numerous cell types and evolve over time. This heterogeneity confounds decisions regarding treatment and promotes disease relapse. The emergence of single-cell epigenomic technologies has introduced the exciting possibility of linking genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity in the context of cancer biology. The next challenge is to leverage these tools for improved patient outcomes. Here we consider how single-cell epigenomic technologies may address the current challenges faced by cancer clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Bond
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kumar Uddipto
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah 2298, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology - Hunter, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather J Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Arif T, Anwar N. Promoter Hypermethylation and Expression Changes of BRCA1 Gene in a Cohort of Sporadic Breast Cancer Cases among Pakistani Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2395-2401. [PMID: 32856871 PMCID: PMC7771953 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and its association with expression changes of BRCA1 and main morphological features in sporadic breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective review of cases was performed to select those with specific morphological features suggestive of breast cancer. BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and changes in protein expression were evaluated in 30 cancerous and 30 non-cancerous tissue samples. A tissue microarray containing samples from normal and tumor tissue was prepared and stained for BRCA1 protein expression using a commercially available monoclonal antibody against BRCA1 (Ab-1) clone MS110 (mAb). DNA was extracted using modified protocol of Qiagen minikit. DNA was modified using a Bisulfite conversion kit and BRCA1 hypermethylation was detected using a methylation specific PCR. Results: Promoter hypermethylation was negative in 30 non-cancerous samples with retained BRCA1 protein expression. Methylation was positive in 82.6% (n=19/23) of the sporadic cancer samples that had loss of BRCA1 expression and 50% (n=2/4) of the samples with equivocal protein expression. Methylation was negative in all the sporadic breast cancer samples (n=3/3) with retained protein expression. Chi-square analysis showed significant association of BRCA1 promoter methylation with decreased protein expression (P=0.016) and co-existence of loss of BRCA1 and Her2neu at chromosome 17 (P=0.026) respectively. There was no significant association of BRCA1 methylation with morphological features excluding necrosis (P=0.035). Promoter hypermethylation was found to be most common (68.75%) among Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) females less than 45 years old. Conclusion: Our study suggests that BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation has significant contribution in sporadic breast carcinogenesis. This was our preliminary study in Pakistan. Further studies aimed to determine the in-depth mechanisms of BRCA1 epigenetics in TNBC. BRCAness enriched phenotype in TNBC might be used as a biomarker for the exploitation of therapeutic and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqdees Arif
- MPhil Molecular Pathology and Genomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Anwar
- Consultant Molecular Pathologist, Agha Khan University Hospital Lahore Stat Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
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24
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Karakaidos P, Karagiannis D, Rampias T. Resolving DNA Damage: Epigenetic Regulation of DNA Repair. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112496. [PMID: 32471288 PMCID: PMC7321228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic research has rapidly evolved into a dynamic field of genome biology. Chromatin regulation has been proved to be an essential aspect for all genomic processes, including DNA repair. Chromatin structure is modified by enzymes and factors that deposit, erase, and interact with epigenetic marks such as DNA and histone modifications, as well as by complexes that remodel nucleosomes. In this review we discuss recent advances on how the chromatin state is modulated during this multi-step process of damage recognition, signaling, and repair. Moreover, we examine how chromatin is regulated when different pathways of DNA repair are utilized. Furthermore, we review additional modes of regulation of DNA repair, such as through the role of global and localized chromatin states in maintaining expression of DNA repair genes, as well as through the activity of epigenetic enzymes on non-nucleosome substrates. Finally, we discuss current and future applications of the mechanistic interplays between chromatin regulation and DNA repair in the context cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Karagiannis
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Theodoros Rampias
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-659-7469
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25
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Jacot W, Lopez-Crapez E, Mollevi C, Boissière-Michot F, Simony-Lafontaine J, Ho-Pun-Cheung A, Chartron E, Theillet C, Lemoine A, Saffroy R, Lamy PJ, Guiu S. BRCA1 Promoter Hypermethylation is Associated with Good Prognosis and Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040828. [PMID: 32235500 PMCID: PMC7225997 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant hypermethylation of BRCA1 promoter CpG islands induces the decreased expression of BRCA1 (Breast Cancer 1) protein. It can be detected in sporadic breast cancer without BRCA1 pathogenic variants, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We investigated BRCA1 hypermethylation status (by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and MassARRAY® assays), and BRCA1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their clinicopathological significance in 248 chemotherapy-naïve TNBC samples. Fifty-five tumors (22%) exhibited BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation, with a high concordance rate between MS-PCR and MassARRAY® results. Promoter hypermethylation was associated with reduced IHC BRCA1 protein expression (p = 0.005), and expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) by tumor and immune cells (p = 0.03 and 0.011, respectively). A trend was found between promoter hypermethylation and basal marker staining (p = 0.058), and between BRCA1 expression and a basal-like phenotype. In multivariate analysis, relapse-free survival was significantly associated with N stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, and histological subtype. Overall survival was significantly associated with T and N stage, histology, and adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, patients with tumors harboring BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation derived the most benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation is associated with TNBC sensitivity to adjuvant chemotherapy, basal-like features and PD-L1 expression. BRCA1 IHC expression is not a good surrogate marker for promoter hypermethylation and is not independently associated with prognosis. Association between promoter hypermethylation and sensitivity to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitors needs to be evaluated in a specific series of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-67-61-31-00; Fax: +33-4-67-63-28-73
| | - Evelyne Lopez-Crapez
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Caroline Mollevi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
- Biometrics Unit, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Joelle Simony-Lafontaine
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Alexandre Ho-Pun-Cheung
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Elodie Chartron
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Charles Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Antoinette Lemoine
- Department of Oncogenetics, APHP, GH Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Raphael Saffroy
- Department of Oncogenetics, APHP, GH Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Institut d’Analyse Génomique, Imagenome-Inovie, Clinique BeauSoleil, 34070 Montpellier, France;
- Biological Resources Center, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
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26
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Wu HC, Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Santella RM, Terry MB. DDT exposure during pregnancy and DNA methylation alterations in female offspring in the Child Health and Development Study. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:138-147. [PMID: 30822522 PMCID: PMC6710160 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies measuring dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure during key windows of susceptibility including the intrauterine period suggest that DDT exposure is associated with breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that prenatal DDT exposure is associated with DNA methylation. Using prospective data from 316 daughters in the Child Health and Development Study, we examined the association between prenatal exposure to DDTs and DNA methylation in blood collected in midlife (mean age: 49 years). To identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with markers of DDTs (p,p'-DDT and the primary metabolite of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT, the primary constituents of technical DDT), we measured methylation in 30 genes important to breast cancer. We observed DDT DMRs in three genes, CCDC85A, CYP1A1 and ZFPM2, each of which has been previously implicated in pubertal development and breast cancer susceptibility. These findings suggest prenatal DDT exposure may have life-long consequence through alteration in genes relevant to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Barbara A. Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California
| | - Piera M. Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
- Imprints Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
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27
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Wong EM, Southey MC, Terry MB. Integrating DNA methylation measures to improve clinical risk assessment: are we there yet? The case of BRCA1 methylation marks to improve clinical risk assessment of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1133-1140. [PMID: 32066913 PMCID: PMC7156506 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current risk prediction models estimate the probability of developing breast cancer over a defined period based on information such as family history, non-genetic breast cancer risk factors, genetic information from high and moderate risk breast cancer susceptibility genes and, over the past several years, polygenic risk scores (PRS) from more than 300 common variants. The inclusion of additional data such as PRS improves risk stratification, but it is anticipated that the inclusion of epigenetic marks could further improve model performance accuracy. Here, we present the case for including information on DNA methylation marks to improve the accuracy of these risk prediction models, and consider how this approach contrasts genetic information, as identifying DNA methylation marks associated with breast cancer risk differs inherently according to the source of DNA, approaches to the measurement of DNA methylation, and the timing of measurement. We highlight several DNA-methylation-specific challenges that should be considered when incorporating information on DNA methylation marks into risk prediction models, using BRCA1, a highly penetrant breast cancer susceptibility gene, as an example. Only after careful consideration of study design and DNA methylation measurement will prospective performance of the incorporation of information regarding DNA methylation marks into risk prediction models be valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Ming Wong
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Donovan MG, Wren SN, Cenker M, Selmin OI, Romagnolo DF. Dietary fat and obesity as modulators of breast cancer risk: Focus on DNA methylation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1331-1350. [PMID: 31691272 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Validated biomarkers enhance efforts for early detection and treatment, which reduce the risk of mortality. Epigenetic signatures have been suggested as good biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and targeted therapy of BC. Here, we highlight studies documenting the modifying effects of dietary fatty acids and obesity on BC biomarkers associated with DNA methylation. We focus our analysis on changes elicited in writers of DNA methylation (i.e., DNA methyltransferases), global DNA methylation and gene-specific DNA methylation. To provide context, we precede this discussion with a review of the available evidence for an association between BC incidence and both dietary fat consumption and obesity. We also include a review of well-vetted BC biomarkers related to cytosine-guanine dinucleotides methylation and how they influence BC risk, prognosis, tumour characteristics and response to treatment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Donovan
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Spencer N Wren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mikia Cenker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
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29
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Onuzulu CD, Rotimi OA, Rotimi SO. Epigenetic modifications associated with in utero exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals BPA, DDT and Pb. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:309-325. [PMID: 31271561 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are xenobiotics which adversely modify the hormone system. The endocrine system is most vulnerable to assaults by endocrine disruptors during the prenatal and early development window, and effects may persist into adulthood and across generations. The prenatal stage is a period of vulnerability to environmental chemicals because the epigenome is usually reprogrammed during this period. Bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were chosen for critical review because they have become serious public health concerns globally, especially in Africa where they are widely used without any regulation. In this review, we introduce EDCs and describe the various modes of action of EDCs and the importance of the prenatal and developmental windows to EDC exposure. We give a brief overview of epigenetics and describe the various epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and how each of them affects gene expression. We then summarize findings from previous studies on the effects of prenatal exposure to the endocrine disruptors BPA, Pb and DDT on each of the previously described epigenetic mechanisms. We also discuss how the epigenetic alterations caused by these EDCs may be related to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonye Doris Onuzulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Oladapo Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Donovan MG, Selmin OI, Doetschman TC, Romagnolo DF. Epigenetic Activation of BRCA1 by Genistein In Vivo and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Linked to Antagonism toward Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112559. [PMID: 31652854 PMCID: PMC6893467 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are the most aggressive and lethal breast cancers (BC). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is often overexpressed in TNBC, and its activation results in the epigenetic silencing of BRCA1, which is a necessary factor for the transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor (ER)α. The dietary isoflavone genistein (GEN) modulates BRCA1 CpG methylation in BC cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of GEN on BRCA1 epigenetic regulation and AHR activity in vivo and TNBC cells. Mice were administered a control or GEN-enriched (4 and 10 ppm) diet from gestation through post-natal day 50. Mammary tissue was analyzed for changes in BRCA1 regulation and AhR activity. TNBC cells with constitutively hypermethylated BRCA1 (HCC38) and MCF7 cells were used. Protein levels and mRNA expression were measured by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. BRCA1 promoter occupancy and CpG methylation were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. GEN administered in the diet dose-dependently decreased basal Brca1 methylation and AHR activity in the mammary gland of adult mice. HCC38 cells were found to overexpress constitutively active AHR in parallel with BRCA1 hypermethylation. The treatment of HCC38 cells with GEN upregulated BRCA1 protein levels, which was attributable to decreased CpG methylation and AHR binding at BRCA1 exon 1a. In MCF7 cells, GEN prevented the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-dependent localization of AHR at the BRCA1 gene. These effects were consistent with those elicited by control AHR antagonists galangin (GAL), CH-223191, and α-naphthoflavone. The pre-treatment with GEN sensitized HCC38 cells to the antiproliferative effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. We conclude that the dietary compound GEN may be effective for the prevention and reversal of AHR-dependent BRCA1 hypermethylation, and the restoration of ERα-mediated response, thus imparting the sensitivity of TNBC to antiestrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Donovan
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Thomas C Doetschman
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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31
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S SK, Swamy SN, Premalatha CS, Pallavi VR, Gawari R. Aberrant Promoter Hypermethylation of RASSF1a and BRCA1 in Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA Serves as a Biomarker of Ovarian Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3001-3005. [PMID: 31653147 PMCID: PMC6982682 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Ovarian cancer is diagnosed at the late stages and generally relapses within 12-14 months of cytoreductive surgery. This is attributed to lack of precise molecular detection methodologies to detect and track the disease. Epigenetic alteration such as aberrant promoter hypermethylation is an important early event that occurs during cancer development and progression. This study focuses on development of a minimally invasive methylation marker that could be used for detection and prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Methods: Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1a and BRCA1 was assessed in circulating DNA of 72 EOC patients using methylation-specific PCR. The findings were correlated with various clinicopathological parameters. Statistical analysis was done using the Fisher exact test and chi-square test. Results: The aberrant methylation patterns of RASSF1a and BRCA1 was identified to be present in the cancerous samples. A total of 31.9 % and 56.9% methylation was observed for RASSF1a and BRCA1 respectively. A striking 50% methylation of BRCA1 was identified in the benign sample cohort, which marks the significance of assessing the hypermethylation pattern to detect cancer at its early stages. Methylation of the two tumor suppressor genes was evident across various stages and grades of ovarian tumors suggesting that this could also help as a prognostic marker. Conclusion: The results of the current study hold significance since the hypermethylation patterns can be identified in the cell-free circulating tumor DNA from a small volume of blood plasma and is a simple and minimally-invasive method. Assessment of hypermethylation patterns of a panel of TSG along with the existing screening markers could aid in better diagnosis and management of the disease. It could also aid in designing specifically tailored treatment strategies to fight the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar S
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shalini N Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C S Premalatha
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V R Pallavi
- Department of Gynaeconcology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Gawari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Yu J, Xie T, Wang Z, Wang X, Zeng S, Kang Y, Hou T. DNA methyltransferases: emerging targets for the discovery of inhibitors as potent anticancer drugs. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2323-2331. [PMID: 31494187 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are a conserved family of cytosine methylases with crucial roles in epigenetic regulation. They have been considered as promising therapeutic targets for the epigenetic treatment of cancer. Therefore, DNMT inhibitors (DNMTis) have attracted considerable interest in recent years for the modulation of the aberrant DNA methylation pattern in a reversible way. In this review, we provide a structure-based overview of the therapeutic importance of DNMTs against different cancer types, and then summarize recently investigated DNMTis as well as their inhibitory mechanisms, focusing on recent advances in the development of DNMTis with specificity and/or selectivity using computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tianli Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuwen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Tharmapalan P, Mahendralingam M, Berman HK, Khokha R. Mammary stem cells and progenitors: targeting the roots of breast cancer for prevention. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100852. [PMID: 31267556 PMCID: PMC6627238 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prevention is daunting, yet not an unsurmountable goal. Mammary stem and progenitors have been proposed as the cells-of-origin in breast cancer. Here, we present the concept of limiting these breast cancer precursors as a risk reduction approach in high-risk women. A wealth of information now exists for phenotypic and functional characterization of mammary stem and progenitor cells in mouse and human. Recent work has also revealed the hormonal regulation of stem/progenitor dynamics as well as intrinsic lineage distinctions between mammary epithelial populations. Leveraging these insights, molecular marker-guided chemoprevention is an achievable reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathepan Mahendralingam
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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34
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Bouras E, Karakioulaki M, Bougioukas KI, Aivaliotis M, Tzimagiorgis G, Chourdakis M. Gene promoter methylation and cancer: An umbrella review. Gene 2019; 710:333-340. [PMID: 31202904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene promoter methylation is a common epigenetic event, taking place in the early phase of tumorigenesis, which has a great potential as a diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker. In this umbrella review, we provide an overview on the association between gene-promoter methylation of protein-coding genes and cancer risk based on currently available meta-analyses data on gene promoter methylation. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for meta-analyses that examine the association between gene-promoter methylation and cancer, published until January 2019 in English. We used AMSTAR to assess the quality of the included studies and applied a set of pre-specified criteria to evaluate the magnitude of each association. We provide a comprehensive overview of 80 unique combinations between 22 different genes and 18 cancer outcomes, all of which indicated a positive association between promoter hypermethylation and cancer. In total, the 70 meta-analyses produced significant results under a random-effects model with odds ratios that ranged from 1.94 to 26.60, with the summary effect being in favor of the unmethylated group in all cases. Three of the strong evidence associations involve RASSF1 methylation on bladder cancer risk (OR = 18.46; 95% CI: 12.69-26.85; I2 = 0%), MGMT methylation on NSCLC (OR = 4.25; 95% CI: 2.83-6.38; I2 = 22.4%) and RARB methylation on prostate cancer (OR = 6.87; 95% CI: 4.68-10.08; I2 = 0%). Meta-analyses showed a moderate quality, AMSTAR score ranging from 4 to 9 (Mdn = 8; IQR: 7.0 to 8.0). As primary studies and meta-analyses on the subject accumulate, more genetic loci may be found to be highly associated with specific cancer types and hence the biomarker sets will become wider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Bouras
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Meropi Karakioulaki
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Bougioukas
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece; Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Bodelon C, Ambatipudi S, Dugué PA, Johansson A, Sampson JN, Hicks B, Karlins E, Hutchinson A, Cuenin C, Chajès V, Southey MC, Romieu I, Giles GG, English D, Polidoro S, Assumma M, Baglietto L, Vineis P, Severi G, Herceg Z, Flanagan JM, Milne RL, Garcia-Closas M. Blood DNA methylation and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of four prospective cohort studies. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:62. [PMID: 31101124 PMCID: PMC6525390 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental and genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of breast cancer. Several small blood-based DNA methylation studies have reported risk associations with methylation at individual CpGs and average methylation levels; however, these findings require validation in larger prospective cohort studies. To investigate the role of blood DNA methylation on breast cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of four prospective cohort studies, including a total of 1663 incident cases and 1885 controls, the largest study of blood DNA methylation and breast cancer risk to date. METHODS We assessed associations with methylation at 365,145 CpGs present in the HumanMethylation450 (HM450K) Beadchip, after excluding CpGs that did not pass quality controls in all studies. Each of the four cohorts estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between each individual CpG and breast cancer risk. In addition, each study assessed the association between average methylation measures and breast cancer risk, adjusted and unadjusted for cell-type composition. Study-specific ORs were combined using fixed-effect meta-analysis with inverse variance weights. Stratified analyses were conducted by age at diagnosis (< 50, ≥ 50), estrogen receptor (ER) status (+/-), and time since blood collection (< 5, 5-10, > 10 years). The false discovery rate (q value) was used to account for multiple testing. RESULTS The average age at blood draw ranged from 52.2 to 62.2 years across the four cohorts. Median follow-up time ranged from 6.6 to 8.4 years. The methylation measured at individual CpGs was not associated with breast cancer risk (q value > 0.59). In addition, higher average methylation level was not associated with risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.85, 1.05; P = 0.26; P for study heterogeneity = 0.86). We found no evidence of modification of this association by age at diagnosis (P = 0.17), ER status (P = 0.88), time since blood collection (P = 0.98), or CpG location (P = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that DNA methylation measured in the blood prior to breast cancer diagnosis in predominantly postmenopausal women is unlikely to be associated with substantial breast cancer risk on the HM450K array. Larger studies or with greater methylation coverage are needed to determine if associations exist between blood DNA methylation and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bodelon
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Srikant Ambatipudi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
- AMCHSS, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | | | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | - Eric Karlins
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Veronique Chajès
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Dallas English
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- IIGM (Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Assumma
- IIGM (Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Center for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP (U1018 INSERM, Équipe Générations et Santé), Facultés de médecine Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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Bhatia S, Drake DM, Miller L, Wells PG. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in the mechanism of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:714-748. [PMID: 31033255 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review covers molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress and DNA damage that may contribute to morphological and functional developmental disorders in animal models resulting from exposure to alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) in utero or in embryo culture. Components covered include: (a) a brief overview of EtOH metabolism and embryopathic mechanisms other than oxidative stress; (b) mechanisms within the embryo and fetal brain by which EtOH increases the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (c) critical embryonic/fetal antioxidative enzymes and substrates that detoxify ROS; (d) mechanisms by which ROS can alter development, including ROS-mediated signal transduction and oxidative DNA damage, the latter of which leads to pathogenic genetic (mutations) and epigenetic changes; (e) pathways of DNA repair that mitigate the pathogenic effects of DNA damage; (f) related indirect mechanisms by which EtOH enhances risk, for example by enhancing the degradation of some DNA repair proteins; and, (g) embryonic/fetal pathways like NRF2 that regulate the levels of many of the above components. Particular attention is paid to studies in which chemical and/or genetic manipulation of the above mechanisms has been shown to alter the ability of EtOH to adversely affect development. Alterations in the above components are also discussed in terms of: (a) individual embryonic and fetal determinants of risk and (b) potential risk biomarkers and mitigating strategies. FASD risk is likely increased in progeny which/who are biochemically predisposed via genetic and/or environmental mechanisms, including enhanced pathways for ROS formation and/or deficient pathways for ROS detoxification or DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Bhatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle M Drake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter G Wells
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Azzollini J, Pesenti C, Pizzamiglio S, Fontana L, Guarino C, Peissel B, Plebani M, Tabano S, Sirchia SM, Colapietro P, Villa R, Paolini B, Verderio P, Miozzo M, Manoukian S. Constitutive BRCA1 Promoter Hypermethylation Can Be a Predisposing Event in Isolated Early-Onset Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010058. [PMID: 30634417 PMCID: PMC6356733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early age at onset of breast cancer (eoBC) is suggestive of an increased genetic risk. Although genetic testing is offered to all eoBC-affected women, in isolated cases the detection rate of pathogenic variants is <10%. This study aimed at assessing the role of constitutive promoter methylation at BC-associated loci as an underlying predisposing event in women with eoBC and negative family history. Promoter methylation at 12 loci was assessed by the MassARRAY technology in blood from 154 BRCA1/2 negative patients with eoBC and negative family history, and 60 healthy controls. Hypermethylation was determined, within each promoter, by comparing the patient’s mean methylation value with thresholds based on one-sided 95% bootstrap confidence interval of the controls’ mean. Three patients had hypermethylated results, two at BRCA1 and one at RAD51C. Analyses on tumor tissue from the patient exceeding the highest threshold at BRCA1 revealed a mean methylation >60% and loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 17q. The patient hypermethylated at RAD51C showed low methylation in the tumor sample, ruling out a role for methylation-induced silencing in tumor development. In isolated eoBC patients, BRCA1 constitutive promoter methylation may be a predisposing event. Further studies are required to define the impact of methylation changes occurring at BC-predisposing genes and their role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pesenti
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sara Pizzamiglio
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Fontana
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carmela Guarino
- Immunohematology & Transfusion Medicine Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Plebani
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberta Villa
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Imanishi S, Naoi Y, Shimazu K, Shimoda M, Kagara N, Tanei T, Miyake T, Kim SJ, Noguchi S. Clinicopathological analysis of homologous recombination-deficient breast cancers with special reference to response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel followed by FEC. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 174:627-637. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Uramova S, Kubatka P, Dankova Z, Kapinova A, Zolakova B, Samec M, Zubor P, Zulli A, Valentova V, Kwon TK, Solar P, Kello M, Kajo K, Busselberg D, Pec M, Danko J. Plant natural modulators in breast cancer prevention: status quo and future perspectives reinforced by predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. EPMA J 2018; 9:403-419. [PMID: 30538792 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the genetic component in mammary carcinogenesis, epigenetic alterations are particularly important for the development of sporadic breast cancer (BC) comprising over 90% of all BC cases worldwide. Most of the DNA methylation processes are physiological and essential for human cellular and tissue homeostasis, playing an important role in a number of key mechanisms. However, if dysregulated, DNA methylation contributes to pathological processes such as cancer development and progression. A global hypomethylation of oncogenes and hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes are characteristic of most cancer types. Moreover, histone chemical modifications and non-coding RNA-associated multi-gene controls are considered as the key epigenetic mechanisms governing the cellular homeostasis and differentiation states. A number of studies demonstrate dietary plant products as actively affecting the development and progression of cancer. "Nutri-epigenetics" focuses on the influence of dietary agents on epigenetic mechanisms. This approach has gained considerable attention; since in contrast to genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications are reversible affect early carcinogenesis. Currently, there is an evident lack of papers dedicated to the phytochemicals/plant extracts as complex epigenetic modulators, specifically in BC. Our paper highlights the role of plant natural compounds in targeting epigenetic alterations associated with BC development, progression, as well as its potential chemoprevention in the context of preventive medicine. Comprehensive measures are stated with a great potential to advance the overall BC management in favor of predictive, preventive, and personalized medical services and can be considered as "proof-of principle" model, for their potential application to other multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Uramova
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- 2Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.,3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Zolakova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- 4Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- 6Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Peter Solar
- 7Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- 8Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Busselberg
- 10Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha Qatar
| | - Martin Pec
- 2Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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Harahap WA, Sudji IR, Nindrea RD. BRCA1 Promoter Methylation and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Sporadic Breast Cancer Patients in Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2643-2649. [PMID: 30256562 PMCID: PMC6249447 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the BRCA1 promoter methylation and clinicopathological characteristics in sporadic breast cancer patients in Indonesia. Methods: In this cohort study, we selected 90 patients with stage I-III who had definitive surgery at our institution in 2011-2014. Demographic and clinical data regarding pathological stage, breast cancer treatment, outcome etc. were collected from the medical records. Twelve patients had incomplete information on follow up and 18 samples had insufficient tissues for the experiment. Sixty patients with adequate cancer tissues and complete follow up record were analyzed, only 56 patients were analyzed because 4 samples mRNA expression could not be detected. The Mann–Whitney U tests for non-normally distributed groups were used to compare the levels expression of BRCA1 mRNA between methylated and non-methylated samples. Chi-square tests were used to compare methylation status, BRCA1 mRNA expression and clinicopathological characteristics. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant correlation. Data analysis was held by using the GraphPad PRISM 7 (GraphPad Software Inc., USA). Results: DNA and RNA were isolated from primary tumor tissues of 56 breast cancer patients. BRCA1 promoter methylation was detected in 48 of 56 patients (85%). Level of BRCA1 mRNA expression was associated with decreased methylation level in the BRCA1 promoter regions suggesting the role of epigenetic silencing. However, there was no statistically significant association among methylation levels, BRCA1 mRNA transcript level with clinicopathological factors. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating methylation status and level of BRCA1 mRNA transcripts among breast cancer patients in Indonesia. We found that the prevalence of BRCA1 promoter methylation is higher than other studies from different populations. However, further investigation involving larger number of patients is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirsma Arif Harahap
- Division of Surgical Oncology Medical School of Andalas University, M.Djamil Hospital, Padang, Indonesia.
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Kaina B, Izzotti A, Xu J, Christmann M, Pulliero A, Zhao X, Dobreanu M, Au WW. Inherent and toxicant-provoked reduction in DNA repair capacity: A key mechanism for personalized risk assessment, cancer prevention and intervention, and response to therapy. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:993-1006. [PMID: 30041861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genomic investigations reveal novel evidence which indicates that genetic predisposition and inherent drug response are key factors for development of cancer and for poor response to therapy. However, mechanisms for these outcomes and interactions with environmental factors have not been well-characterized. Therefore, cancer risk, prevention, intervention and prognosis determinations have still mainly been based on population, rather than on individualized, evaluations. The objective of this review was to demonstrate that a key mechanism which contributes to the determination is inherent and/or toxicant-provoked reduction in DNA repair capacity. In addition, functional and quantitative determination of DNA repair capacity on an individual basis would dramatically change the evaluation and management of health problems from a population to a personalized basis. In this review, justifications for the scenario were delineated. Topics to be presented include assays for detection of functional DNA repair deficiency, mechanisms for DNA repair defects, toxicant-perturbed DNA repair capacity, epigenetic mechanisms (methylation and miRNA expression) for alteration of DNA repair function, and bioinformatics approach to analyze large amount of genomic data. Information from these topics has recently been and will be used for better understanding of cancer causation and of response to therapeutic interventions. Consequently, innovative genomic- and mechanism-based evidence can be increasingly used to develop more precise cancer risk assessment, and target-specific and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italy
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | | | - Xing Zhao
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | - William W Au
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu Mures, Romania; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Vu TL, Nguyen TT, Doan VTH, Vo LTT. Methylation Profiles of BRCA1, RASSF1A and GSTP1 in Vietnamese Women with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1887-1893. [PMID: 30049201 PMCID: PMC6165660 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the DNA promoter methylation profiles of BRCA1, RASSF1A and GSTP1 genes, both individually and in an integrative manner in order to clarify their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer from Vietnamese patients, and establish new potential integrative methylation biomarkers for breast cancer detection. Material and methods: The methylation frequencies of BRCA1, RASSF1A and GSTP1 were analyzed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 70 specimens of breast carcinomas and 79 pairs of tumor and matched adjacent normal tissues from breast cancer patients. Results: All the three analyzed genes showed a concordance concerning their promoter methylation in tumor and adjacent normal tissue. The methylation of BRCA1, RASSF1A and GSTP1 was found in 58.23 %, 74.68 % and 59.49 % of tumor tissues and 51.90 %, 63.29 % and 35.44 % of corresponding adjacent tissues, respectively. When each gene was assessed individually, only the methylation of GSTP1 was significantly associated with tumor tissues (p=0.003). However, the methylation frequency of at least one of the three genes and the methylation frequency of all the three genes both showed significant association with tumor (p=0.008 and p=0.04, respectively). The methylation of BRCA1 was found to be significantly associated with tumor grade (p=0.01). Conclusion: This study emphasized that the panel of the three genes BRCA1, RASSF1A and GSTP1 can be further developed as potential biomarkers in diagnosis and classification of breast cancer in Vietnamese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Lan Vu
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France.
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Boyne DJ, King WD, Brenner DR, McIntyre JB, Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM. Aerobic exercise and DNA methylation in postmenopausal women: An ancillary analysis of the Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention (ALPHA) Trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198641. [PMID: 29953441 PMCID: PMC6023230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of breast, colon, and endometrial cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms such as changes in DNA methylation may help to explain these protective effects. We assessed the impact of a one year aerobic exercise intervention on DNA methylation biomarkers believed to play a role in carcinogenesis. The Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention (ALPHA) Trial was a two-armed randomized controlled trial in 320 healthy, inactive, postmenopausal women with no history of cancer. In an ancillary analysis, frozen blood samples (n = 256) were reassessed for levels of DNA methylation within LINE-1 and Alu repeats as well as within the promoter regions of APC, BRCA1, RASSF1, and hTERT genes. Differences between the exercise and control arm at 12-months, after adjusting for baseline values, were estimated within an intent-to-treat and per-protocol analysis using linear regression. No significant differences in DNA methylation between the exercise and control arms were observed. In an exploratory analysis, we found that the prospective change in estimated VO2max was negatively associated with RASSF1 methylation in a dose-response manner (p-trend = 0.04). A year-long aerobic exercise intervention does not affect LINE-1, Alu, APC, BRCA1, RASSF1, or hTERT methylation in healthy, inactive, postmenopausal women. Changes in DNA methylation within these genomic regions may not mediate the association between physical activity and cancer in healthy postmenopausal women. Additional research is needed to validate our findings with RASSF1 methylation. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00522262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J. Boyne
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Will D. King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren R. Brenner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John B. McIntyre
- Translational Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kerry S. Courneya
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine M. Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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The synthetic antihyperlipidemic drug potassium piperate selectively kills breast cancer cells through inhibiting G1-S-phase transition and inducing apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47250-47268. [PMID: 28467790 PMCID: PMC5564562 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper longum L. is a well-known traditional antihyperlipidemic medicine in China, containing medicinal constituents of piperine, pipernonaline and piperlonguminine in its fruit. However, the antitumor properties of these constituents have not yet been studied. We found that potassium piperate (GBK), a derivative of piperine, inhibited proliferation of cancer cells. GBK selectively inhibited the G1-S-phase transition in breast cancer cells and the G1 arrest was correlated with induction of p27 expression, which is an inhibitor for cyclin-dependent kinases, and inhibition of cyclin A, cyclin E and cyclin B expression. Moreover, GBK treatment led to a downregulation of the mini-chromosome maintenance protein expression and induction of mitochondrial-dependent cell apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our results also suggested that GBK might also inhibit cancer cell proliferation through epigenetic signaling pathways. A synergistic effect in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation was found when GBK was combined with chemotherapy medicines etoposide phosphate or cisplatin at middle or low doses in vitro. These results show that GBK is a novel potential anti-breast cancer drug that inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis.
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Ye P, Shi Y, Li A. Association Between hMLH1 Promoter Methylation and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:368. [PMID: 29719511 PMCID: PMC5914280 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human mutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) is located on chromosome 3q21-23. As a classic tumor suppressor gene, many researchers have studied the association between hMLH1 promoter methylation and gastric cancer, but their conclusions were not always consistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to make a more integrated and precise estimate of the associations. Method: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were retrieved without language restrictions. Data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 12.0 software. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used to assess the statistical associations. Result: A total of 39 studies published before January 20, 2018 were included in this study. The results indicated that the frequency of hMLH1 promoter methylation in gastric cancers was substantially higher than that in non-cancer controls (OR = 7.94, 95%CI = 4.32–14.58, P < 0.001). Furthermore, hMLH1 promoter methylation had considerable associations with lymph node metastasis, microsatellite instability (MSI), and low expression of hMLH1 protein (OR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.04–2.26, P = 0.03; OR = 15.33, 95%CI = 9.26–25.36, P < 0.001; OR = 37.86, 95%CI = 18.03–79.50, P < 0.001, respectively). No association was found between hMLH1 promoter methylation and Lauren classification or Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection status. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that promoter methylation of hMLH1 is a major causative event in the occurrence and development of human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anling Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Penkert J, Ripperger T, Schieck M, Schlegelberger B, Steinemann D, Illig T. On metabolic reprogramming and tumor biology: A comprehensive survey of metabolism in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67626-67649. [PMID: 27590516 PMCID: PMC5341901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism in tumor cells has been a focus of cancer research for as long as a century but has remained controversial and vague due to an inhomogeneous overall picture. Accumulating genomic, metabolomic, and lastly panomic data as well as bioenergetics studies of the past few years enable a more comprehensive, systems-biologic approach promoting deeper insight into tumor biology and challenging hitherto existing models of cancer bioenergetics. Presenting a compendium on breast cancer-specific metabolome analyses performed thus far, we review and compile currently known aspects of breast cancer biology into a comprehensive network, elucidating previously dissonant issues of cancer metabolism. As such, some of the aspects critically discussed in this review include the dynamic interplay or metabolic coupling between cancer (stem) cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cell metabolism, the existence of distinct metabolic tumor compartments in need of separate yet simultaneous therapeutic targeting, the reliance of cancer cells on oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial power, and the role of pro-inflammatory, pro-tumorigenic stromal conditioning. Comprising complex breast cancer signaling networks as well as combined metabolomic and genomic data, we address metabolic consequences of mutations in tumor suppressor genes and evaluate their contribution to breast cancer predisposition in a germline setting, reasoning for distinct personalized preventive and therapeutic measures. The review closes with a discussion on central root mechanisms of tumor cell metabolism and rate-limiting steps thereof, introducing essential strategies for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Penkert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Ripperger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Doris Steinemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Rodríguez-Balada M, Roig B, Melé M, Salvat M, Martorell L, Borràs J, Gumà J. Germline promoter hypermethylation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is not present in hereditary breast cancer patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1226-1231. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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He K, Zhang L, Long X. Quantitative assessment of the association between APC promoter methylation and breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37920-37930. [PMID: 27191268 PMCID: PMC5122360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is an important tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. However, there were inconsistent conclusions in the association between APC promoter methylation and breast cancer. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the clinicopathological significance and diagnosis role of APC methylation in breast cancer. In total, 3172 samples from 29 studies were performed in this study. The odds ratio (OR) of APC methylation was 5.92 (95% CI = 3.16–11.07) in breast cancer cases compared to controls,. The APC promoter methylation was associated with cancer stage (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.28–0.80, P = 0.006), lymph node metastases (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.36–0.84, P = 0.005) and ER status (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03–1.73, P = 0.003) in breast cancer. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity for all included studies were 0.444 (95% CI: 0.321–0.575, P < 0.0001) and 0.976 (95% CI: 0.916–0.993, P < 0.0001), respectively. These results suggested that APC promoter methylation was associated with breast cancer risk, and it could be a valuable biomarker for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli He
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, 415003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinghua Long
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Targeting the Epigenome as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:287-313. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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den Brok WD, Schrader KA, Sun S, Tinker AV, Zhao EY, Aparicio S, Gelmon KA. Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Breast Cancer: A Clinical Review. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 1:1-13. [DOI: 10.1200/po.16.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation–associated breast cancers are known to be deficient in the process of homologous recombination and often respond favorably to drugs targeting this important DNA repair pathway. There is emerging evidence that a significant proportion of patients with BRCA1/ BRCA2 wild-type breast cancer are also deficient in homologous recombination, and it is hypothesized that these patients may derive similar benefit from drugs targeting this pathway. Current research has focused on the development of a companion diagnostic to identify these sporadic BRCA-like tumors. This review outlines the various approaches that researchers have taken to predict homologous recombination deficiency as part of correlative biomarker work in various studies and clinical trials in breast cancer. As some of these tests of homologous recombination deficiency move closer to clinical use, understanding the approach and limitations of each is of relevance to clinicians who treat patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendie D. den Brok
- Wendie D. den Brok, Sophie Sun, Anna V. Tinker, Samuel Aparicio, and Karen A. Gelmon, BC Cancer Agency; and Kasmintan A. Schrader and Eric Yang Zhao, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kasmintan A. Schrader
- Wendie D. den Brok, Sophie Sun, Anna V. Tinker, Samuel Aparicio, and Karen A. Gelmon, BC Cancer Agency; and Kasmintan A. Schrader and Eric Yang Zhao, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sophie Sun
- Wendie D. den Brok, Sophie Sun, Anna V. Tinker, Samuel Aparicio, and Karen A. Gelmon, BC Cancer Agency; and Kasmintan A. Schrader and Eric Yang Zhao, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna V. Tinker
- Wendie D. den Brok, Sophie Sun, Anna V. Tinker, Samuel Aparicio, and Karen A. Gelmon, BC Cancer Agency; and Kasmintan A. Schrader and Eric Yang Zhao, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Yang Zhao
- Wendie D. den Brok, Sophie Sun, Anna V. Tinker, Samuel Aparicio, and Karen A. Gelmon, BC Cancer Agency; and Kasmintan A. Schrader and Eric Yang Zhao, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Wendie D. den Brok, Sophie Sun, Anna V. Tinker, Samuel Aparicio, and Karen A. Gelmon, BC Cancer Agency; and Kasmintan A. Schrader and Eric Yang Zhao, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen A. Gelmon
- Wendie D. den Brok, Sophie Sun, Anna V. Tinker, Samuel Aparicio, and Karen A. Gelmon, BC Cancer Agency; and Kasmintan A. Schrader and Eric Yang Zhao, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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