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Piccinini A, Bailo P, Barbara G, Miozzo M, Tabano S, Colapietro P, Farè C, Sirchia SM, Battaglioli E, Bertuccio P, Manenti G, Micci L, La Vecchia C, Kustermann A, Gaudi S. Violence against Women and Stress-Related Disorders: Seeking for Associated Epigenetic Signatures, a Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020173. [PMID: 36673541 PMCID: PMC9858929 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women is a relevant health and social problem with negative consequences on women's health. The interaction between genome and environmental factors, such as violence, represents one of the major challenges in molecular medicine. The Epigenetics for WomEn (EpiWE) project is a multidisciplinary pilot study that intends to investigate the epigenetic signatures associated with intimate partner and sexual violence-induced stress-related disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2020, 62 women exposed to violence (13 women suffering from sexual violence and 49 from Intimate Partner Violence, IPV) and 50 women with no history of violence were recruited at the Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence. All women aged 18-65 were monitored for their physical and psychological conditions. Blood samples were collected, and DNAs were extracted and underwent the epigenetic analysis of 10 stress-related genes. RESULTS PTSD prevalence in victims was assessed at 8.1%. Quantitative methylation evaluation of the ten selected trauma/stress-related genes revealed the differential iper-methylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine receptor D2 and insulin-like growth factor 2 genes. These genes are among those related to brain plasticity, learning, and memory pathways. CONCLUSIONS The association of early detection of posttraumatic distress and epigenetic marker identification could represent a new avenue for addressing women survivors toward resilience. This innovative approach in gender-based violence studies could identify new molecular pathways associated with the long-term effects of violence and implement innovative protocols of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piccinini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence( SVSeD), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)2-5031-5706
| | - Paolo Bailo
- Section of Legal Medicine, School of Law, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giussy Barbara
- Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence( SVSeD), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Farè
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Battaglioli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Manenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Laila Micci
- Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence( SVSeD), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Kustermann
- Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence( SVSeD), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Gaudi
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Coppedè F, Franzago M, Giardina E, Nigro CL, Matullo G, Moltrasio C, Nacmias B, Pileggi S, Sirchia SM, Stoccoro A, Storlazzi CT, Stuppia L, Tricarico R, Merla G. A perspective on diet, epigenetics and complex diseases: where is the field headed next? Epigenomics 2022; 14:1281-1304. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors can regulate epigenetic processes during life, modulating the intracellular pools of metabolites necessary for epigenetic reactions and regulating the activity of epigenetic enzymes. Their effects are strong during the prenatal life, when epigenetic patterns are written, allowing organogenesis. However, interactions between diet and the epigenome continue throughout life and likely contribute to the onset and progression of various complex diseases. Here, we review the contribution of dietary factors to the epigenetic changes observed in complex diseases and suggest future steps to better address this issue, focusing on neurobehavioral, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and Type 2 diabetes, cancer and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine & Aging, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies & Technology, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
- Department of Medical Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research & Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, 50143, Italy
| | - Silvana Pileggi
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Milan, Milan, 20142, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Milan, Milan, 20142, Italy
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | | | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies & Technology, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health & Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Rossella Tricarico
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Laboratory of Regulatory & Functional Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, 71013, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
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Rondinone O, Murgia A, Costanza J, Tabano S, Camanni M, Corsaro L, Fontana L, Colapietro P, Calzari L, Motta S, Santaniello C, Radaelli T, Ferrazzi E, Bosari S, Gentilini D, Sirchia SM, Miozzo M. Correction: Rondinone et al. Extensive Placental Methylation Profiling in Normal Pregnancies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2136. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105298. [PMID: 35628670 PMCID: PMC9140439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the original publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Rondinone
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessio Murgia
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jole Costanza
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.T.); (P.C.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Camanni
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Luigi Corsaro
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Laura Fontana
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy;
| | - Silvia Motta
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Carlo Santaniello
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Tatjana Radaelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-038-298-7541
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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Pileggi S, La Vecchia M, Colombo EA, Fontana L, Colapietro P, Rovina D, Morotti A, Tabano S, Porta G, Alcalay M, Gervasini C, Miozzo M, Sirchia SM. Cohesin Mutations Induce Chromatin Conformation Perturbation of the H19/ IGF2 Imprinted Region and Gene Expression Dysregulation in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1622. [PMID: 34827619 PMCID: PMC8615450 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is considered a cohesinopathy caused by constitutive mutations in cohesin complex genes. Cohesin is a major regulator of chromatin architecture, including the formation of chromatin loops at the imprinted IGF2/H19 domain. We used 3C analysis on lymphoblastoid cells from CdLS patients carrying mutations in NIPBL and SMC1A genes to explore 3D chromatin structure of the IGF2/H19 locus and evaluate the influence of cohesin alterations in chromatin architecture. We also assessed quantitative expression of imprinted loci and WNT pathway genes, together with DMR methylation status of the imprinted genes. A general impairment of chromatin architecture and the emergence of new interactions were found. Moreover, imprinting alterations also involved the expression and methylation levels of imprinted genes, suggesting an association among cohesin genetic defects, chromatin architecture impairment, and imprinting network alteration. The WNT pathway resulted dysregulated: canonical WNT, cell cycle, and WNT signal negative regulation were the most significantly affected subpathways. Among the deregulated pathway nodes, the key node of the frizzled receptors was repressed. Our study provides new evidence that mutations in genes of the cohesin complex have effects on the chromatin architecture and epigenetic stability of genes commonly regulated by high order chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pileggi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Marta La Vecchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Medical Genetics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Davide Rovina
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Annamaria Morotti
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Medical Genetics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Myriam Alcalay
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
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5
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Azzollini J, Pesenti C, Pizzamiglio S, Fontana L, Guarino C, Peissel B, Plebani M, Tabano S, Sirchia SM, Colapietro P, Villa R, Paolini B, Verderio P, Miozzo M, Manoukian S. Constitutive BRCA1 Promoter Hypermethylation Can Be a Predisposing Event in Isolated Early-Onset Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010058. [PMID: 30634417 PMCID: PMC6356733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early age at onset of breast cancer (eoBC) is suggestive of an increased genetic risk. Although genetic testing is offered to all eoBC-affected women, in isolated cases the detection rate of pathogenic variants is <10%. This study aimed at assessing the role of constitutive promoter methylation at BC-associated loci as an underlying predisposing event in women with eoBC and negative family history. Promoter methylation at 12 loci was assessed by the MassARRAY technology in blood from 154 BRCA1/2 negative patients with eoBC and negative family history, and 60 healthy controls. Hypermethylation was determined, within each promoter, by comparing the patient’s mean methylation value with thresholds based on one-sided 95% bootstrap confidence interval of the controls’ mean. Three patients had hypermethylated results, two at BRCA1 and one at RAD51C. Analyses on tumor tissue from the patient exceeding the highest threshold at BRCA1 revealed a mean methylation >60% and loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 17q. The patient hypermethylated at RAD51C showed low methylation in the tumor sample, ruling out a role for methylation-induced silencing in tumor development. In isolated eoBC patients, BRCA1 constitutive promoter methylation may be a predisposing event. Further studies are required to define the impact of methylation changes occurring at BC-predisposing genes and their role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pesenti
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sara Pizzamiglio
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Fontana
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carmela Guarino
- Immunohematology & Transfusion Medicine Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Plebani
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberta Villa
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Fontana L, Bedeschi MF, Maitz S, Cereda A, Faré C, Motta S, Seresini A, D'Ursi P, Orro A, Pecile V, Calvello M, Selicorni A, Lalatta F, Milani D, Sirchia SM, Miozzo M, Tabano S. Characterization of multi-locus imprinting disturbances and underlying genetic defects in patients with chromosome 11p15.5 related imprinting disorders. Epigenetics 2018; 13:897-909. [PMID: 30221575 PMCID: PMC6284780 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1514230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID) appears fundamental to uncover molecular pathways underlying imprinting disorders (IDs) and to complete clinical diagnosis of patients. However, MLID genetic associated mechanisms remain largely unknown. To characterize MLID in Beckwith-Wiedemann (BWS) and Silver-Russell (SRS) syndromes, we profiled by MassARRAY the methylation of 12 imprinted differentially methylated regions (iDMRs) in 21 BWS and 7 SRS patients with chromosome 11p15.5 epimutations. MLID was identified in 50% of BWS and 29% of SRS patients as a maternal hypomethylation syndrome. By next-generation sequencing, we searched for putative MLID-causative mutations in genes involved in methylation establishment/maintenance and found two novel missense mutations possibly causative of MLID: one in NLRP2, affecting ADP binding and protein activity, and one in ZFP42, likely leading to loss of DNA binding specificity. Both variants were paternally inherited. In silico protein modelling allowed to define the functional effect of these mutations. We found that MLID is very frequent in BWS/SRS. In addition, since MLID-BWS patients in our cohort show a peculiar pattern of BWS-associated clinical signs, MLID test could be important for a comprehensive clinical assessment. Finally, we highlighted the possible involvement of ZFP42 variants in MLID development and confirmed NLRP2 as causative locus in BWS-MLID.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fontana
- a Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - M F Bedeschi
- b Clinical Genetics Unit , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy
| | - S Maitz
- c Clinical Pediatric, Genetics Unit , MBBM Foundation, San Gerardo Monza , Monza , Italy
| | - A Cereda
- d Medical Genetics Unit , Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital , Bergamo , Italy
| | - C Faré
- e Division of Pathology , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy
| | - S Motta
- e Division of Pathology , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy
| | - A Seresini
- f Medical Genetics Laboratory , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy.,g Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson , Milano , Italy
| | - P D'Ursi
- h Department of Biomedical Sciences National Research Council , Institute for Biomedical Technologies , Segrate , Italy
| | - A Orro
- h Department of Biomedical Sciences National Research Council , Institute for Biomedical Technologies , Segrate , Italy
| | - V Pecile
- i Medical Genetics Division , Institute for maternal and child health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy
| | - M Calvello
- e Division of Pathology , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy.,j Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO , European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milano , Italy
| | - A Selicorni
- k UOC Pediatria , ASST Lariana , Como , Italy
| | - F Lalatta
- b Clinical Genetics Unit , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy
| | - D Milani
- l Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy
| | - S M Sirchia
- m Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - M Miozzo
- a Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.,e Division of Pathology , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy
| | - S Tabano
- a Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
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7
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Paganini L, Pesenti C, Milani D, Fontana L, Motta S, Sirchia SM, Scuvera G, Marchisio P, Esposito S, Cinnante CM, Tabano SM, Miozzo MR. A novel splice site variant in ITPR1
gene underlying recessive Gillespie syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1427-1431. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leda Paganini
- Division of Pathology; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Chiara Pesenti
- Division of Pathology; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Silvia Motta
- Division of Pathology; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Giulietta Scuvera
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Cinnante
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Miozzo
- Division of Pathology; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
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8
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Bonaparte E, Pesenti C, Fontana L, Falcone R, Paganini L, Marzorati A, Ferrero S, Nosotti M, Mendogni P, Bareggi C, Sirchia SM, Tabano S, Bosari S, Miozzo M. Molecular profiling of lung cancer specimens and liquid biopsies using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:4. [PMID: 29368620 PMCID: PMC6389067 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of predictive molecular alterations in lung adenocarcinoma is essential for accurate therapeutic decisions. Although several molecular approaches are available, a number of issues, including tumor heterogeneity, frequent material scarcity, and the large number of loci to be investigated, must be taken into account in selecting the most appropriate technique. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), which allows multiplexed genotyping, has been adopted in routine diagnostics as a sensitive, reliable, fast, and cost-effective method. Our aim was to test the reliability of this approach in detecting targetable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, we also analyzed low-quality samples, such as cytologic specimens, that often, are the unique source of starting material in lung cancer cases, to test the sensitivity of the system. METHODS We designed a MS-based assay for testing 158 mutations in the EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ALK, PIK3CA, ERBB2, DDR2, AKT, and MEK1 genes and applied it to 92 NSCLC specimens and 13 liquid biopsies from another subset of NSCLC patients. We also tested the sensitivity of the method to distinguish low represented mutations using serial dilutions of mutated DNA. RESULTS Our panel is able to detect the most common NSCLC mutations and the frequency of the mutations observed in our cohort was comparable to literature data. The assay identifies mutated alleles at frequencies of 2.5-10%. In addition, we found that the amount of DNA template was irrelevant to efficiently uncover mutated alleles present at high frequency. However, when using less than 10 ng of DNA, the assay can detect mutations present in at least 10% of the alleles. Finally, using MS and a commercial kit for RT-PCR we tested liquid biopsy from 13 patients with identified mutations in cancers and detected the mutations in 4 (MS) and in 5 samples (RT-PCR). CONCLUSIONS MS is a powerful method for the routine predictive tests of lung cancer also using low quality and scant tissues. Finally, after appropriate validation and improvement, MS could represent a promising and cost-effective strategy for monitoring the presence and percentage of the mutations also in non-invasive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bonaparte
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pesenti
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Falcone
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Paganini
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marzorati
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Medical School, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Nosotti
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy.,Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Mendogni
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Antonio di Rudini, 8 -20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy. .,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35 -20122, Milan, Italy
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9
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Based on the pivotal importance of epigenetics for transcription regulation, it is not surprising that cancer is characterized by several epigenetic abnormalities. Conversely to genetic alterations, epigenetic changes are not permanent, thus represent opportunities for therapeutic strategies designed to reverse transcriptional abnormalities, and cancer is the first disease in which epigenetic therapies with chromatin remodeling agents were introduced. The role of miRNAs in gene regulation supports their potential as innovative therapeutic strategy. Recent evidences have proven that the environment can profoundly influence the epigenome: diet, smoking and alcohol consumption can negatively impact the expression profile. Given the plasticity of epigenetic marks, it is challenging the idea that the epigenetic alterations are ‘druggable’ sites using specific food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Miozzo
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, Integrative Biology Unit, Milano, Italy
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10
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Augello C, Gianelli U, Falcone R, Tabano S, Savi F, Bonaparte E, Ciboddo M, Paganini L, Parafioriti A, Ricca D, Lonati S, Cattaneo D, Fracchiolla NS, Iurlo A, Cortelezzi A, Bosari S, Miozzo M, Sirchia SM. PDGFB hypomethylation is a favourable prognostic biomarker in primary myelofibrosis. Leuk Res 2014; 39:236-41. [PMID: 25498506 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterised by the clonal proliferation of the haematopoietic precursors together with the progressive development of bone marrow fibrosis. This stromal alteration is an important clinical issue and specific prognostic markers are not currently available. In bone marrow biopsies from 58 PMF patients, we explored the methylation pattern of genes encoding cytokines involved in the stromal reaction, namely platelet-derived growth factor-beta (PDGFB), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2). We also evaluated the methylation profile of the Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element 1 (LINE-1). PDGFB, FGF2 and LINE-1, but not TGFB, were significantly differently methylated in PMF compared to controls. Significantly, PDGFB hypomethylation (<16%) was correlated with a favourable PMF prognosis (grade of marrow fibrosis, p=0.03; International Prognostic Scoring Systems p=0.01 and Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring Systems, p=0.02). Although the basis of the association of PDGFB hypomethylation with favourable prognosis remains to be clarified, we speculate that hypomethylation in PMF could represent the effect of acquired somatic mutations in genes involved in epigenetic regulation of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Augello
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Hematopathology Section, Division of Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Falcone
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Savi
- Division of Pathology, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bonaparte
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Ciboddo
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Leda Paganini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Division of Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | | | - Dario Ricca
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Lonati
- Hematology and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Cattaneo
- Hematology and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Stefano Fracchiolla
- Hematology and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Oncohematology Unit of the Elderly, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Agostino Cortelezzi
- Hematology and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Division of Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Division of Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy.
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11
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Rovina D, Fontana L, Monti L, Novielli C, Panini N, Sirchia SM, Erba E, Magnani I, Larizza L. Microtubule-associated protein/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) plays a role in cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal dynamics. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:355-65. [PMID: 25123532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MARK4 is a serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates MAP proteins, increasing microtubule dynamics. MARK4 differs from the other members of the MARK family for encoding two isoforms (MARK4L and MARK4S), differentially expressed in the nervous system, and for the peculiar localisation at the centrosome and the midbody. By cytofluorimetric analysis we showed that MARK4 is expressed throughout the cell cycle and preferentially activated during mitosis. Depletion of MARK4S affected the morphology and proliferation of fibroblasts and glioma cells, as the percentages of cells in S and G2/M phases were reduced and the percentage of cells in G1 was increased. In MARK4S silenced cells, centrosomes were duplicated and positioned apically to the nucleus, indicating that the centrosome cycle was altered and the cells arrested in G1 phase. Overexpression of MARK4L or MARK4S reduced the density of the microtubule network, confirming microtubules as the main target of MARK4, and revealed a novel co-localisation of MARK4 and vimentin. Taken together, our data confirm that MARK4 is a key component in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and highlight its major role in cell cycle progression, particularly at the G1/S transition. The co-localisation of vimentin and MARK4L suggests that MARK4 has a wide-ranging influence on cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rovina
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Novielli
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Flow Cytometry Unit, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Erba
- Flow Cytometry Unit, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Magnani
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Mosca L, Musto P, Todoerti K, Barbieri M, Agnelli L, Fabris S, Tuana G, Lionetti M, Bonaparte E, Sirchia SM, Grieco V, Bianchino G, D'Auria F, Statuto T, Mazzoccoli C, De Luca L, Petrucci MT, Morabito F, Offidani M, Di Raimondo F, Falcone A, Caravita T, Omedè P, Boccadoro M, Palumbo A, Neri A. Genome-wide analysis of primary plasma cell leukemia identifies recurrent imbalances associated with changes in transcriptional profiles. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:16-23. [PMID: 23044976 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare, yet aggressive form of de novo plasma cell tumor, distinct from secondary PCL (sPCL) which represents a leukemic transformation of pre-existing multiple myeloma (MM). Herein, we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of a prospective series of pPCLs by means of FISH, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and gene expression profiling (GEP). IGH@ translocations were identified in 87% of pPCL cases, with prevalence of t(11;14) (40%) and t(14;16) (30.5%), whereas the most frequent numerical alterations involved 1p (38%), 1q (48%), 6q (29%), 8p (42%), 13q (74%), 14q (71%), 16q (53%), and 17p (35%). We identified a minimal biallelic deletion (1.5 Mb) in 8p21.2 encompassing the PPP2R2A gene, belonging to a family of putative tumor suppressors and found to be significantly down-regulated in deleted cases. Mutations of TP53 were identified in four cases, all but one associated with a monoallelic deletion of the gene, whereas activating mutations of the BRAF oncogene occurred in one case and were absent in N- and K-RAS. To evaluate the influence of allelic imbalances in transcriptional expression we performed an integrated genomic analysis with GEP data, showing a significant dosage effect of genes involved in transcription, translation, methyltransferase activity, apoptosis as well as Wnt and NF-kB signaling pathways. Overall, we provide a compendium of genomic alterations in a prospective series of pPCLs which may contribute to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of this aggressive form of plasma cell dyscrasia and the mechanisms of tumor progression in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Evaluation of: Xue W, Kitzing T, Roessler S et al. A cluster of cooperating tumor-suppressor gene candidates in chromosomal deletions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 8212–8217 (2012). The two-hit model is a well-known mechanism for the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in cancer and it has been assumed that chromosomal deletions are the second inactivating event. Large deletions are frequently found in cancer and can lead to the haploinsufficiency of the loci mapped to the deleted region. The study by Xue et al. demonstrated that hemizygous 8p deletions can attenuate the activity of multiple genes that control growth and promote tumorigenesis, and showed that the effect of large 8p deletions on tumor phenotype goes beyond the effects of the individual genes as the characteristics of a tumor are also influenced by the additive and/or combined effect of the haploinsufficiency of multiple genes. These convincing findings, demonstrating that the hemizygosity of a cluster of genes negatively regulates proliferation and promotes tumor growth, have opened up new study perspectives aimed at characterizing the genomic organization of this new class of tumor suppressor genes and their role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Medical-Surgery & Transplant Physiopathology, Università degli Studi di Milano & Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
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14
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Finelli P, Sirchia SM, Masciadri M, Crippa M, Recalcati MP, Rusconi D, Giardino D, Monti L, Cogliati F, Faravelli F, Natacci F, Zoccante L, Bernardina BD, Russo S, Larizza L. Juxtaposition of heterochromatic and euchromatic regions by chromosomal translocation mediates a heterochromatic long-range position effect associated with a severe neurological phenotype. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:16. [PMID: 22475481 PMCID: PMC3395859 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The term "position effect" is used when the expression of a gene is deleteriously affected by an alteration in its chromosomal environment even though the integrity of the protein coding sequences is maintained. We describe a patient affected by epilepsy and severe neurodevelopment delay carrying a balanced translocation t(15;16)(p11.2;q12.1)dn that we assume caused a position effect as a result of the accidental juxtaposition of heterochromatin in the euchromatic region. Results FISH mapped the translocation breakpoints (bkps) to 15p11.2 within satellite III and the 16q12.1 euchromatic band within the ITFG1 gene. The expression of the genes located on both sides of the translocation were tested by means of real-time PCR and three, all located on der(16), were found to be variously perturbed: the euchromatic gene NETO2/BTCL2 was silenced, whereas VPS35 and SHCBP1, located within the major heterochromatic block of chromosome 16q11.2, were over-expressed. Pyrosequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation of NETO2/BTCL2 and VPS35 confirmed the expression findings. Interphase FISH analysis showed that der(16) localised to regions occupied by the beta satellite heterochromatic blocks more frequently than der(15). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a heterochromatic position effect in humans caused by the juxtaposition of euchromatin/heterochromatin as a result of chromosomal rearrangement. The overall results are fully in keeping with the observations in Drosophila and suggest the occurrence of a human heterochromatin position effect associated with the nuclear repositioning of the der(16) and its causative role in the patient's syndromic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palma Finelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino 20095, Italy.
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15
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Lesma E, Sirchia SM, Ancona S, Carelli S, Bosari S, Ghelma F, Montanari E, Di Giulio AM, Gorio A. The methylation of the TSC2 promoter underlies the abnormal growth of TSC2 angiomyolipoma-derived smooth muscle cells. Am J Pathol 2009; 174:2150-9. [PMID: 19443708 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant disease that is caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. Smooth muscle-like cells (ASMs) were isolated from an angiomyolipoma of a patient with TSC. These cells lacked tuberin, were labeled by both HMB45 and CD44v6 antibodies, and had constitutive S6 phosphorylation. The cells bear a germline TSC2 intron 8-exon 9 junction mutation, but DNA analysis and polymerase chain reaction amplification failed to demonstrate loss of heterozygosity. Testing for an epigenetic alteration, we detected methylation of the TSC2 promoter. Its biological relevance was confirmed by tuberin expression and a reduction in HMB45 labeling and S6 constitutive phosphorylation after exposure to the chromatin-remodeling agents, trichostatin A and 5-azacytidine. These cells were named TSC2(-/meth) ASMs. Their proliferation required epidermal growth factor in the medium as previously described for TSC2(-/-) ASMs. Blockade of epidermal growth factor with monoclonal antibodies caused the death of TSC2(-/meth) ASMs. In addition, rapamycin effectively blocked the proliferation of these cells. Our data show for the first time that methylation of the TSC2 promoter might cause a complete loss of tuberin in TSC2 cells, and that the pathogenesis of angiomyolipomas might also originate from epigenetic defects in smooth muscle cells. Additionally, the effect of chromatin-remodeling agents in these cells suggests a further avenue for the treatment of TSC as well as lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lesma
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Dept. of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Grati FR, Miozzo M, Cassani B, Rossella F, Antonazzo P, Gentilin B, Sirchia SM, Mori L, Rigano S, Bulfamante G, Cetin I, Simoni G. Fetal and placental chromosomal mosaicism revealed by QF-PCR in severe IUGR pregnancies. Placenta 2005; 26:10-8. [PMID: 15664406 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of genetic and environmental factors are taken into account as responsible for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); nevertheless, the relevance of genetic alteration in IUGR aetiology remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate using a combined cytogenetic-molecular approach, improved by a new application of QF-PCR method, the presence of mosaic chromosomal changes in fetal/placental samples from 12 pregnancies with unexplained severe IUGR. This multiple approach allowed us to reveal and quantify subtle chromosomal mosaicisms with less than 5% of trisomic cells even in cases in which cytogenetic and FISH analyses failed to reveal them. These are three pregnancies with a mosaic trisomy for chromosomes 7, 2 and 14; the former case presented matUPD7 and was previously described in this journal (Placenta 22 (2001) 813) in association with pre- and postnatal growth restriction. It is intriguing that chromosomes 7, 2 and 14 are known or suspected to harbour imprinted genes, so that an unbalanced gene dosage in a subset of cells during embryonic development could lead to an early impairment of placental function. Our findings indicate that extensive molecular and cytogenetic studies of IUGR fetal and placental tissues are necessary to reveal at least part of the heterogeneous genetic lesions implicated in IUGR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Grati
- Cattedra di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia ed Odontoiatria, Polo San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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17
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Sironi E, Cerri A, Tomasini D, Sirchia SM, Porta G, Rossella F, Grati FR, Simoni G. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 4q32-35 in sporadic basal cell carcinomas: evidence for the involvement of p33ING2/ING1L
and SAP30
genes. J Cutan Pathol 2004; 31:318-22. [PMID: 15005689 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.0187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have demonstrated that patched gene and p53 gene located at 9q22.3 and 17p13 are the main genes responsible for the onset of this tumor. In order to identify a possible involvement of other tumor suppressor genes, we screened 19 cases of BCCs for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). METHODS The analysis was performed on tumoral tissue and on corresponding normal tissue by using a panel of 37 polymorphic markers spanning 26 chromosomal regions. RESULTS We observed that only four chromosomal regions, 4q32 (30.00%), 4q35 (27.27%), 9q21-22 (28.57%), and 9q22-qter (35.71%), demonstrated a significative LOH (>20%), even if others show a borderline percentage (15-20%) of imbalance (1q32, 3p24, 10p22.1, and 17q21.3). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a new chromosomal region mapping in the long arm of chromosome 4 could be involved in sporadic BCC carcinogenesis. Further analyses indicate that the minimal deleted region in 4q32-35 includes p33ING2/ING1L and SAP30, whose deletion could impair the G1-phase checkpoint control and favor gene silencing, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sironi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medicine Surgery and Dental Sciences S. Paolo, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudini 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
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18
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Grati FR, Ghilardi G, Sirchia SM, Massaro F, Cassani B, Scorza R, De Andreis C, Sironi E, Simoni G. Loss of heterozygosity of the NOS3 dinucleotide repeat marker in atherosclerotic plaques of human carotid arteries. Atherosclerosis 2001; 159:261-7. [PMID: 11730805 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated 28 atherosclerotic plaques of human carotid arteries with a panel of 39 microsatellite markers for the presence of LOH. The objective of this research was to verify if LOH, described in association with tumorigenic process, could be involved also in benign fibroproliferative disease. Seventy percent of samples demonstrated allelic imbalance: 50% of cases showed LOH at a minimum of one locus, 3.5% at a minimum of two loci and 14.3% at three or more loci. The percentages of LOH ranged between 3.8 and 14.3% and the highest involved polymorphic marker is the NOS3 internal dinucleotide repeat. Our results indicate that, like tumorigenesis, the atherogenic process could also involve LOH mechanism. Furthermore, the finding regarding the NOS3 internal polymorphism suggests a possible role of the gene as cofactor in formation of the atheromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Grati
- Cattedra di Genetica Umana, Dipartmento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Polo San Paolo, Italy.
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19
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Invernizzi P, De Andreis C, Sirchia SM, Battezzati PM, Zuin M, Rossella F, Perego F, Bignotto M, Simoni G, Podda M. Blood fetal microchimerism in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 122:418-22. [PMID: 11122249 PMCID: PMC1905811 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune nature of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is well established. We tested the hypothesis that fetal microchimerism indicated by the persistence of circulating fetal cells in women years after pregnancy might contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of PBC through a graft-versus-host-like response. We extracted DNA from the peripheral blood cells of 36 women carefully selected from 173 consecutive PBC patients, who were matched with 36 healthy women by age, age of last son, and number of children. Both patients and controls had to have male offspring, and no history of miscarriages or blood transfusions; they could not be twins. We tested all of the samples for the presence of two specific Y-chromosome sequences (SY154 and SRY) by amplifying DNA in a nested polymerase chain reaction. Y-chromosome-specific DNA was detected in the peripheral blood cell DNA of 13 (36%) of the 36 women with PBC and in 11 (31%) of the 36 healthy controls. The two groups of PBC patients with and without male DNA sequences were similar in terms of their clinical, biochemical, and serological features. Y-chromosome sequences were found in three of the four PBC women with associated systemic sclerosis. All of the 24 Y-positive samples contained SY154 sequences, but only three PBC patients and six controls showed the presence of both SY154 and SRY sequences. This discrepancy may suggest that not only fetal cells but also fragments of fetal DNA are present in maternal circulation. Overall, our data do not support the hypothesis that fetal microchimerism plays a significant role in the onset or progression of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Invernizzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Sirchia SM, Sironi E, Grati FR, Serafini P, Garagiola I, Rossella F, Dulcetti F, Pardi G, Garsia S, Simoni G. Losses of heterozygosity in endometrial adenocarcinomas: positive correlations with histopathological parameters. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2000; 121:156-62. [PMID: 11063800 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 37 samples of endometrial adenocarcinoma for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by using a panel of 44 microsatellites located in 29 chromosomal regions. The aim of our study was to investigate the existence of a possible preferential involvement of some tumor suppressor genes in endometrial carcinogenesis. The analysis was performed on tumoral tissue and on a corresponding normal tissue by the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the comparison of the amplified alleles. We observed significative LOH (>20%) in the chromosomal regions of 2q14 (33.33%), 7q35 (24.00%), 10q22.1 (37. 50%), 11q13-q14 (44.12%), 15q26 (40.63%), 17p13 (25.71%), and 17q21. 3 (37.04%). We defined a 1-cM minimal common deletion in 11q13-q14 between D11S911 and D11S937 markers. A statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between LOH of 11q13-q14 and clinicopathological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sirchia
- Genetica Umana, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia ed Odontoiatria, Polo San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Grati FR, Sirchia SM, Garagiola I, Sironi E, Galioto S, Rossella F, Serafini P, Dulcetti F, Bozzetti A, Brusati R, Simoni G. Losses of heterozygosity in oral and oropharyngeal epithelial carcinomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2000; 118:57-61. [PMID: 10731592 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 25 oral and oropharyngeal epithelial carcinomas for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability by using 55 oligonucleotide repeat markers located in 45 chromosomal regions. The aim was to identify which chromosomal regions and tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) are preferentially lost in these tumors and to relate LOH at specific loci to clinicopathologic data. The analysis was performed on tumor tissue and on a corresponding normal tissue (blood lymphocytes) with the use of the polymerase chain reaction technique followed by microsatellite allele separation with denaturing gel electrophoresis. Thirty-two of 45 chromosomal regions demonstrated a significant (>/=20%) incidence of LOH. An allelic loss of >/=50% was found in 9p21 (77.8%), 8p22-23 (70%), 3p12 (61.5%), 1p36.1 and 12q22 (60%), 3q28 (57.1%), 5q23.3 (54.5%), 3p25-26, 3p24, and 7q35 (50%). We did not find any microsatellite instability. Our results suggest that in addition to a group of TSGs, pleiotropic for several tumor types, other suppressor genes are specifically involved in oral and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Grati
- Fondazione Luigi Villa, Centro Studi di Patologia Molecolare Applicata alla Clinica, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, IRSCC, Milan, Italy
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22
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Semprini AE, De Andreis C, Fiore S, Garagiola I, Sirchia SM, Savasi V, Newell ML, Simoni G. Detection of maternal DNA in cord blood at birth after elective caesarean section or vaginal delivery. AIDS 2000; 14:623-5. [PMID: 10780730 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200003310-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Sirchia SM, Ferguson AT, Sironi E, Subramanyan S, Orlandi R, Sukumar S, Sacchi N. Evidence of epigenetic changes affecting the chromatin state of the retinoic acid receptor beta2 promoter in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2000; 19:1556-63. [PMID: 10734315 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA)-resistance in breast cancer cells has been associated with irreversible loss of retinoic acid receptor beta, RARbeta, gene expression. Search of the causes affecting RARbeta gene activity has been oriented at identifying possible differences either at the level of one of the RARbeta promoters, RARbeta2, or at regulatory factors. We hypothesized that loss of RARbeta2 activity occurs as a result of multiple factors, including epigenetic modifications, which can pattern RARbeta2 chromatin state. Using methylation-specific PCR, we found hypermethylation at RARbeta2 in a significant proportion of both breast cancer cell lines and primary breast tumors. Treatment of cells with a methylated RARbeta2 promoter, by means of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), led to demethylation within RARbeta2 and expression of RARbeta indicating that DNA methylation is at least one factor, contributing to RARbeta inactivity. However, identically methylated promoters can differentially respond to RA, suggesting that RARbeta2 activity may be associated to different repressive chromatin states. This supposition is supported by the finding that the more stable repressive RARbeta2 state in the RA-resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line can be alleviated by the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), with restoration of RA-induced RARbeta transcription. Thus, chromatin-remodeling drugs might provide a strategy to restore RARbeta activity, and help to overcome the hurdle of RA-resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sirchia
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Hospital San Paolo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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24
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Aguglia U, Le Piane E, Gambardella A, Messina D, Russo C, Sirchia SM, Porta G, Quattrone A. Emotion-induced myoclonic absence-like seizures in a patient with inv-dup(15) syndrome: a clinical, EEG, and molecular genetic study. Epilepsia 1999; 40:1316-9. [PMID: 10487199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have described a clinical EEG and molecular genetic study of a 9-year-old boy with inv-dup(15) syndrome in whom seizures were induced by emotionally gratifying stimuli. The reflex seizures began 5-20 s after the onset of repeated cheek-kissing from his mother or after viewing of pleasant or funny events. They were characterized by bilateral discharges involving mainly the temporal regions and evolving into myoclonic absence-like seizures. Nonemotional stimuli, such as a pinch, sucking or rubbing his cheeks, or the sound of the kiss alone, failed to provoke seizures. The seizures were resistant to antiepileptic (AED) treatments. Molecular genetic investigations revealed a correct methylation pattern of the chromosomes 15, and three copies (two maternal and one paternal) of the segment 15q11-q13, including the GABRb3 gene. We hypothesize that an overexpression of cerebral gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition accounts for the severe epilepsy that we observed in this patient.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Chromosome Aberrations/genetics
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Electroencephalography/statistics & numerical data
- Emotions/physiology
- Epilepsies, Myoclonic/diagnosis
- Epilepsies, Myoclonic/etiology
- Epilepsies, Myoclonic/genetics
- Epilepsy, Absence/diagnosis
- Epilepsy, Absence/etiology
- Epilepsy, Absence/genetics
- Gene Duplication
- Humans
- Male
- Receptors, GABA/genetics
- Receptors, GABA/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- U Aguglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy.
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25
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Sirchia SM, Garagiola I, De Andreis C, Pedranzini L, Poli F, Grati FR, Diomelli B, Simoni G. Highly sensitive chemiluminescent method for the detection of cell contamination. J Biolumin Chemilumin 1998; 13:303-5. [PMID: 9839195 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1271(1998090)13:5<303::aid-bio492>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Minisatellite analysis is commonly used in forensic disputes but can also be applied to the investigation of cell contamination. Such a problem arises, for example, when transplantation is performed. The presence of contamination has been investigated by other authors using radioactive methods. In the present study we describe a method that allows the detection of contamination with high sensitivity without using radioactive substances. Our technique is based on the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of minisatellite sequences (VNTR), followed by chemiluminescent detection. In particular, biotin-labelled dCTP is included in the PCR mixture and detection of PCR products is obtained following the CSPD chemiluminescent protocol (Southern-Light Nucleic Acid Detection Systems). We applied this method to artificial mixes of DNA of two individuals with alleles of different sizes. We performed progressive dilutions of an individual DNA into the other's DNA and revealed a contamination of 1 in 2500 cells. We also tested our technique searching for maternal contamination in cord blood samples in 60 cases and revealed a 18.3% contamination. The technique that we set up proves to be a very sensitive one which could be applied not only to the detection of maternal cells in cord blood but also in studying any other kind of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sirchia
- Istituto di Scienze Biomediche S. Paolo, Università di Milano, Italy
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26
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Abstract
Uniparental disomy can be caused by different genetic mechanisms such as gamete complementation, chromosome duplication in monosomic zygote, or post-zygotic aneuploidy correction. This last mechanism is well documented in human reproduction and is related to placental mosaicism. In the case of a trisomic zygote which has originated by paternal or maternal non-disjunction at the first or second meiotic cell division, mosaicism will result from chromosome loss and restoration of a 'normalized' diploid fetal karyotype. In order to enrich the literature with new observations on this subject, we studied by DNA polymorphism analysis ten cases of confined placental mosaicism (CPM). The finding in placental DNA of three different alleles at polymorphic loci of chromosomes 13, 16, and 20 demonstrated the trisomic status of the zygote in three cases. On the basis of these results, we believe that systematic DNA polymorphism analysis could give useful additional information to improve knowledge on aneuploidy correction in human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sirchia
- Fondazione Luigi Villa Centro Studi di Patologia Molecolare Applicata alla Clinica, Milano, Italy.
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27
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Poli F, Sirchia SM, Scalamogna M, Garagiola I, Crespiatico L, Pedranzini L, Lecchi L, Sirchia G. Detection of maternal DNA in human cord blood stored for allotransplantation by a highly sensitive chemiluminescent method. J Hematother 1997; 6:581-5. [PMID: 9483193 DOI: 10.1089/scd.1.1997.6.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cord blood (CB), a rich source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, is currently used for bone marrow reconstitution. However, the level of contamination of CB with maternal cells that could provoke graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a matter of concern. In the present study, 60 consecutive CB samples collected and stored in the Milan CB Bank, for which no maternal DNA was detected through genomic HLA typing, were examined to ascertain maternal cell contamination using polymerase chain reaction amplification of two minisatellites, apolipoprotein B gene (ApoB) and D1S80, followed by chemiluminescent detection. The sensitivity of the method employed in this study was 0.04%, comparable to that of radioactive methods. A maternal specific allele was found in 11 of the 60 CB units, at a level ranging from 1:100 to 1:2500. We could also detect the child paternal allele in 3 of the 30 mothers whose newborn was heterozygous at the loci examined. Our study indicates that maternal cells are present in 18.3% of the 60 samples examined. The clinical relevance of such a presence remains to be established. In our opinion, information on maternal cell contamination should be included within the quality control tests performed before delivering a unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Poli
- Centro Transfusionale e di Immunologia dei Trapianti, IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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28
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De Andreis C, Simoni G, Castagna C, Sacchi L, Sirchia SM, Garagiola I, Persico T, Serafini P, Pardi G, Semprini AE. Absence of detectable maternal DNA and identification of proviral HIV in the cord blood of two infants who became HIV-infected. AIDS 1997; 11:840-1. [PMID: 9223754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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De Andreis C, Simoni G, Castagna C, Sacchi L, Sirchia SM, Garagiola I, Persico T, Serafini P, Pardi G, Semprini AE. Absence of detectable maternal DNA and identification of proviral HIV in the cord blood of two infants who became HIV-infected. AIDS 1997; 11:840-1. [PMID: 9143631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Poli F, Crespiatico L, Lecchi L, Sirchia G, Scalamogna M, Sirchia SM, Garagiola I, Pedranzini L. Highly sensitive chemiluminescent method for the detection of maternal cell contamination in human cord blood stored for allotransplantation: the experience of the Milano cord blood bank. Blood 1997; 89:3061-2. [PMID: 9108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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31
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Sirchia SM, Pariani S, Rossella F, Garagiola I, De Andreis C, Bulfamante G, Zannoni E, Radaelli U, Simoni G. Cytogenetic abnormalities and microsatellite instability in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997; 94:113-9. [PMID: 9109939 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently various authors described a new mechanism involved in the genesis of some tumors, which is characterized by a tendency for replication mistakes and by genomic instability of microsatellite repeats. This instability can be revealed through the shift in the electrophoretic mobility of the analyzed fragments, which is due to a different number of repeat units. This phenomenon is widely documented in colorectal tumors of patients affected by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC). We performed a cytogenetic and molecular study of 23 endometrial adenocarcinomas to investigate the presence of genomic instability and to evaluate the possibility of a positive correlation with specific chromosomal changes. The study of genomic instability was performed using 23 microsatellites localized over 8 chromosomes. Genomic instability of microsatellites was observed in 3 cases over all 8 analyzed chromosomes. The tumoral stage of cases with microsatellite instability does not differ significantly from the remaining tumors. As a matter of fact several cases showing no evidence of instability were more advanced (II B, III A) than tumors with instability. In ten cases we observed trisomy of chromosome 10, in some as a sole anomaly. The 3 cases with genomic instability revealed a near-diploid karyotype and all showed the presence of a supernumerary marker derived from chromosome 1 rearrangements. A derivative chromosome 1 was revealed in 4 cases without evidence of microsatellite instability. It should be noted that the presence of many unidentified markers and the small number of tumors with instability do not allow us to give a definitive significance to this observation. Our results indicate that there is not an apparent correlation between microsatellite instability and specific chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, we did not find any correlation between pathological characteristics of the tumor and genomic instability. Microsatellite instability appears to be a relatively rare event in endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sirchia
- Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, Istituto di Scienze Biomediche S. Paolo, Milano, Italy
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32
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Sirchia SM, Garagiola I, De Andreis C, Gazzoli I, Gramegna M, Colucci G. Characterization of four microsatellites in an Italian population and their application to paternity testing. Mol Cell Probes 1996; 10:155-8. [PMID: 8737400 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.1996.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellites have recently been used for linkage analysis of genetic diseases and for DNA fingerprinting in forensic medicine. In the present study the heterozygosity, PIC values and allele distributions of four microsatellites, D8S85, D8S88, D5S346 and D7S460, in an Italian population have been investigated. After amplification with primers specific for each locus, alleles were separated and detected by denaturing gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. High heterozygosity and PIC values were observed for all microsatellites in accordance with data in other Caucasian populations. However, different allele distributions for D8S85, D8S88 and D5S346, due to the presence of additional bands or to different frequencies, were found. D7S460, which has never been fully characterized before, appeared to have five alleles in the range 172 to 188 bp. When used for paternity testing, all microsatellites gave results which were consistent with those obtained with established markers, including apo B 3'HVR, D1S80 and COL2A1. This indicates that D8S85, D8S88, D5S346 and D7S460 may be useful as additional informative markers or for solving discrepancies in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sirchia
- Fondazione Centro Studi di Patologia Molecolare Applicata alla Clinica, Milan, Italy
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33
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Simoni G, Sirchia SM, Fraccaro M. Aneuploid correction and confined placental mosaicism. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 1996; 45:153-61. [PMID: 8872025 DOI: 10.1017/s0001566000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) can be caused by various genetic mechanisms such as gamete complementation, chromosome duplication in a monosomic zygote or postzygotic aneuploid correction. This latter mechanism has been recently well documented in human reproduction and seems to be strictly related to placental mosaicism. We have therefore studied some aspects of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) which are useful to clarify one of the most common sources of UPD in humans.Abnormal distribution of chromosomes in postzygotic mitotic cell divisions may result in a mosaic condition with two or more cell lines showing different chromosome constitutions. The effects on fetal phenotype and pregnancy development depend on the chromosomes involved, the distribution of the abnormal cells among tissues and on the precise stage at which chromosome mutation occurs.As shown in Fig. 1, when the mutational event occurs in the blastocyst, prior to the differentiation of embryonic and chorionic compartments, the mosaicism is found in both the placental and fetal tissues. In contrast, when the chromosome mutation occurs at a later stage, after embryonic and chorionic compartment separation, the abnormal cells may be confined to the placenta or to the embryo, and are not necessarily found in both.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Simoni
- Istituto di Scienze Mediche S. Paolo, Università di Milano, Italia
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Gazzoli I, De Andreis C, Sirchia SM, Sala P, Rossetti C, Bertario L, Colucci G. Molecular screening of families affected by familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). J Med Screen 1996; 3:195-9. [PMID: 9041484 DOI: 10.1177/096914139600300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of developing familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in presymptomatic individuals using APC gene flanking and intragenic polymorphic markers. SETTING Twenty families enrolled in the Italian Registry of Polyposis comprising a total of 217 individuals, including 53 (24%) presymptomatic subjects with a 50% a priori risk of FAP, were analysed. Direct analysis techniques had previously failed to identify the FAP mutation in these families. METHODS DNA isolated from peripheral mononuclear blood cells and tissue sections was analysed by the polymerase chain reaction and a panel of seven highly polymorphic markers--YN5.64, CB83, CB26, LNS, APC1458.5, MBC, 37AB. Amplification products were separated by a modified denaturing gel electrophoresis method. RESULTS The haplotype associated with the disease was identified in 18 families (90%). The segregation of the FAP haplotype in these kindreds showed that 10 presymptomatic individuals had inherited the FAP mutation and carried a high risk of developing the disease. The remaining two families were not informative because of the lack of a sufficient number of probands or biological specimens. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that indirect analysis with linked DNA markers has a high rate of success in defining the risk of FAP of presymptomatic subjects, provided that a sufficient number of probands or samples is available. Uninformative families accounted for 10% of the total, indicating that linkage analysis may still have higher sensitivity than direct mutation analysis techniques. The combined use of both approaches should be implemented, however, to enhance further the application of molecular genetics to the screening of families with FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gazzoli
- Fondazione Centro Studi di Patologia Molecolare Applicata alla Clinica, Milan, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- G Simoni
- Genetica Umana, Istituto di Scienze Biomediche San Paolo, Università di Milano, Italy
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Sirchia SM, De Andreis C, Pariani S, Grimoldi MG, Molinari A, Buscaglia M, Simoni G. Chromosome 14 maternal uniparental disomy in the euploid cell line of a fetus with mosaic 46,XX/47,XX,+14 karyotype. Hum Genet 1994; 94:355-8. [PMID: 7927328 DOI: 10.1007/bf00201592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the parental origin of the extra chromosome 14 and of the two chromosomes 14 of the euploid cell line, in a case of fetal mosaicism 46,XX/47,XX+14 diagnosed at amniocentesis. Molecular analysis of five polymorphic loci of the short tandem repeat type was performed. Markers D14S43 and D14S49 showed the presence of maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 in the apparently normal cell line. The distribution of the markers analysed along the chromosome suggests maternal heterodisomy with a large isodisomic segment in the telomeric region, possibly caused by meiotic crossing-over.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sirchia
- Fondazione Centro Studi di Patologia Molecolare Applicata alla Clinica, Milano, Italy
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