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Smirnov MA, Fedotov IV, Smirnova AM, Khairullin AF, Fedotov AB, Moiseev SA. Bright ultra-broadband fiber-based biphoton source. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3838-3841. [PMID: 39008720 DOI: 10.1364/ol.524201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report a first, to the best of our knoqledge, experimental realization of a bright ultra-broadband (180 THz) fiber-based biphoton source with widely spectrally separated signal and idler photons. Such a two-photon source is realized due to the joint use of a broadband two-loop phase-matching of interacting light waves and high optical nonlinearity of a silica-core photonic crystal fiber. The high performance of the developed fiber source identifies it as an important and useful tool for a wide range of optical quantum applications.
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2
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Fujihashi Y, Miwa K, Higashi M, Ishizaki A. Probing exciton dynamics with spectral selectivity through the use of quantum entangled photons. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 37712788 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum light is increasingly recognized as a promising resource for developing optical measurement techniques. Particular attention has been paid to enhancing the precision of the measurements beyond classical techniques by using nonclassical correlations between quantum entangled photons. Recent advances in the quantum optics technology have made it possible to manipulate spectral and temporal properties of entangled photons, and photon correlations can facilitate the extraction of matter information with relatively simple optical systems compared to conventional schemes. In these respects, the applications of entangled photons to time-resolved spectroscopy can open new avenues for unambiguously extracting information on dynamical processes in complex molecular and materials systems. Here, we propose time-resolved spectroscopy in which specific signal contributions are selectively enhanced by harnessing nonclassical correlations of entangled photons. The entanglement time characterizes the mutual delay between an entangled twin and determines the spectral distribution of photon correlations. The entanglement time plays a dual role as the knob for controlling the accessible time region of dynamical processes and the degrees of spectral selectivity. In this sense, the role of the entanglement time is substantially equivalent to the temporal width of the classical laser pulse. The results demonstrate that the application of quantum entangled photons to time-resolved spectroscopy leads to monitoring dynamical processes in complex molecular and materials systems by selectively extracting desired signal contributions from congested spectra. We anticipate that more elaborately engineered photon states would broaden the availability of quantum light spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Fujihashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Miwa
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Higashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishizaki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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3
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Cao B, Hayama K, Suezawa S, Hisamitsu M, Tokuda K, Kurimura S, Okamoto R, Takeuchi S. Non-collinear generation of ultra-broadband parametric fluorescence photon pairs using chirped quasi-phase matching slab waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:23551-23562. [PMID: 37475436 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Many optical quantum applications rely on broadband frequency correlated photon pair sources. We previously reported a scheme for collinear emission of high-efficiency and ultra-broadband photon pairs using chirped quasi-phase matching (QPM) periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPSLT) ridge waveguides. However, collinearly emitted photon pairs cannot be directly adopted for applications that are based on two-photon interference, such as quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT). In this work, we developed a chirped QPM device with a slab waveguide structure. This device was designed to produce spatially separable (photon pair non-collinear emission) parametric fluorescence photon pairs with an ultra-broadband bandwidth in an extremely efficient manner. Using a non-chirped QPM slab waveguide, we observed a photon pair spectrum with a full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 26 nm. When using a 3% chirped QPM slab waveguide, the FWHM bandwidth of the spectrum increased to 190 nm, and the base-to-base width is 308 nm. We also confirmed a generation efficiency of 2.4×106 pairs/(μW·s) using the non-chirped device, and a efficiency of 8×105 pairs/(μW·s) using the 3% chirped device under non-collinear emission conditions after single-mode fiber coupling. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of frequency correlated photon pairs generation using slab waveguide device as a source. In addition, using slab waveguides as photon pair sources, we performed two-photon interference experiments with the non-chirped device and obtained a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) dip with a FWHM of 7.7 μm and visibility of 98%. When using the 3% chirped device as photon pair source, the HOM measurement gave a 2 μm FWHM dip and 74% visibility.
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4
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Hayama K, Cao B, Okamoto R, Suezawa S, Okano M, Takeuchi S. High-depth-resolution imaging of dispersive samples using quantum optical coherence tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4949-4952. [PMID: 36181158 DOI: 10.1364/ol.469874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) is a promising approach to overcome the degradation of the resolution in optical coherence tomography (OCT) due to dispersion. Here, we report on an experimental demonstration of QOCT imaging in the high-resolution regime. We achieved a depth resolution of 2.5 μm, which is the highest value for QOCT imaging, to the best of our knowledge. We show that the QOCT image of a dispersive material remains clear whereas the OCT image is drastically degraded.
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Gaire V, Parker CV. Self-calibrated Fourier transform spectrometer for laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy with single-photon avalanche diode detection. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:1289-1294. [PMID: 36215615 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.458357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform spectrometers are commonly used in scientific and industrial settings because of their ability to record complete spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios. Using a single-photon avalanche diode as the detector improves the sensitivity but adds complications in laser-induced fluorescence applications related to detector saturation and acquisition time exceeding the typical scan time. Here, we report a spectrometer for the detection of laser-induced fluorescence signal together with the excitation light, and use the second harmonic signal from the excitation light to correct the phase and calibrate the spectrum, removing the need for a separate calibration source. We achieve a resolution of 0.4cm-1 in the wavelength range of 1140.2 nm, and demonstrate detection of signals with powers as low as 377fW, with a noise floor of 172fW/cm-1.
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6
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Ramos-Israde E, Garay-Palmett K, Cudney RS. Randomly aperiodically poled LiNbO 3 crystal design by Monte Carlo-Metropolis with simulated annealing optimization for ultrabroadband photon pair generation. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:10587-10593. [PMID: 35200920 DOI: 10.1364/ao.438928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a scheme for generating ultrabroadband two-photon states by spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) using randomly aperiodically poled crystals designed with an optimization algorithm based on the Monte Carlo-Metropolis method with simulated annealing. A particular SPDC source is discussed, showing results of the spectral and temporal properties of the emitted two-photon states, obtaining almost transform-limited SPDC biphoton wave packets. We also analyze the effect of fabrication errors on the SPDC.
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Javid UA, Ling J, Staffa J, Li M, He Y, Lin Q. Ultrabroadband Entangled Photons on a Nanophotonic Chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183601. [PMID: 34767430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of quantum technologies on nanophotonic platforms has seen momentous progress in the past decade. Despite that, a demonstration of time-frequency entanglement over a broad spectral width is still lacking. Here we present an efficient source of ultrabroadband entangled photon pairs on a periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguide. Employing dispersion engineering, we demonstrate a record-high 100 THz (1.2 μm-2 μm) generation bandwidth with a high efficiency of 13 GHz/mW and excellent noise performance with the coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeding 10^{5}. We also measure strong time-frequency entanglement with over 98% two-photon interference visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman A Javid
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Jingwei Ling
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Jeremy Staffa
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Yang He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Qiang Lin
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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8
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Cao B, Hisamitsu M, Tokuda K, Kurimura S, Okamoto R, Takeuchi S. Efficient generation of ultra-broadband parametric fluorescence using chirped quasi-phase-matched waveguide devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:21615-21628. [PMID: 34265945 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a highly efficient photon pair source using chirped quasi-phase-matched (QPM) devices with a ridge waveguide structure. We developed QPM waveguide devices with chirp rates of 3% and 6.7%. Spectrum measurements reveal that the generated photons have bandwidths of 229 nm and 325 nm in full width at half maximum (FWHM), alternatively, 418 nm and 428 nm in base-to-base width for the 3% and 6.7% chirped devices, respectively, which are much broader than the bandwidth of 16 nm in FWHM observed with a non-chirp device. We also evaluate the generation efficiency of photon pairs from coincidence measurements using two superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). The estimated generation efficiencies of photon pairs were 2.7 × 106 pairs/s·µW and 1.2 × 106 pairs/s·µW for the 3% and 6.7% chirped devices, respectively, which are comparable to the generation efficiency for the non-chirp device of 2.7 × 106 pairs/s·µW. We also measured the frequency correlation of the photon pairs generated from the 6.7% chirped device. The experimental results clearly show the frequency correlation of the generated broadband photon pairs.
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9
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Sukharenko V, Bikorimana S, Dorsinville R. Birefringence and scattering characterization using polarization sensitive quantum optical coherence tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2799-2802. [PMID: 34129543 DOI: 10.1364/ol.426230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polarization sensitive quantum optical coherence tomography (PS-QOCT) is used to characterize birefringence, scattering/absorption and path length differences in a flat transparent plastic sample. In this Letter, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental technique of PS-QOCT imaging and characterization of a birefringent material. Polarization sensitive coincidence rate of the entangled photons measured for each pixel and the 2D cross-sectional images are reconstructed. The technique described in this work has many potential applications in the characterization of micro and nano structures, including biological samples.
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10
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Yin Z, Sugiura K, Takashima H, Okamoto R, Qiu F, Yokoyama S, Takeuchi S. Frequency correlated photon generation at telecom band using silicon nitride ring cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4821-4829. [PMID: 33726029 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Frequency entangled photon sources are in high demand in a variety of optical quantum technologies, including quantum key distribution, cluster state quantum computation and quantum metrology. In the recent decade, chip-scale entangled photon sources have been developed using silicon platforms, offering robustness, large scalability and CMOS technology compatibility. Here, we report the generation of frequency correlated photon pairs using a 150-GHz silicon nitride ring cavity. First, the device is characterized for studying the phase matching condition during spontaneous four-wave mixing. Next, we evaluate the joint spectrum intensity of the generated photons and confirm the photon pair generation in a total of 42 correlated frequency mode pairs, corresponding to a bandwidth of 51.25 nm. Finally, the experimental results are analyzed and the joint spectral intensity is quantified in terms of the phase matching condition.
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11
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Paterova AV, Krivitsky LA. Nonlinear interference in crystal superlattices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:82. [PMID: 32411367 PMCID: PMC7211232 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear interferometers with correlated photons hold promise to advance optical characterization and metrology techniques by improving their performance and affordability. These interferometers offer subshot noise phase sensitivity and enable measurements in detection-challenging regions using inexpensive and efficient components. The sensitivity of nonlinear interferometers, defined by the ability to measure small shifts of interference fringes, can be significantly enhanced by using multiple nonlinear elements, or crystal superlattices. However, to date, experiments with more than two nonlinear elements have not been realized, thus hindering the potential of nonlinear interferometers. Here, we build a nonlinear interferometer with up to five nonlinear elements, referred to as superlattices, in a highly stable and versatile configuration. We study the modification of the interference pattern for different configurations of the superlattices and perform a proof-of-concept gas sensing experiment with enhanced sensitivity. Our approach offers a viable path towards broader adoption of nonlinear interferometers with correlated photons for imaging, interferometry, and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Paterova
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leonid A. Krivitsky
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Arahira S, Murai H, Sasaki H. WDM photon pair source stabilized in a wide temperature range with cascaded optical nonlinearities and DFG monitoring. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:1084-1102. [PMID: 32121825 DOI: 10.1364/oe.382751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a multi-channel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) photon pair source operating in a wide temperature range. The photon pair generation rates in multiple WDM channels were stabilized against changes in the operation temperature by combining the spectral flatness of cascaded optical nonlinearities (cascaded sum frequency generation/spontaneous parametric downconversion) with a differential frequency generation monitoring feedback system. The proposed method was experimentally validated using a type-I periodically poled LiNbO3 ridge waveguide device as the photon pair source. We successfully generated 16 WDM photon pairs at almost the same rate (0.024358 ± 0.000631 pairs/s/Hz), even when the operating temperature was varied from 27.01 °C to 60.16 °C.
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13
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Graciano PY, Martínez AMA, Lopez-Mago D, Castro-Olvera G, Rosete-Aguilar M, Garduño-Mejía J, Alarcón RR, Ramírez HC, U'Ren AB. Interference effects in quantum-optical coherence tomography using spectrally engineered photon pairs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8954. [PMID: 31222097 PMCID: PMC6586797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical-coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique that employs light in order to measure the internal structure of semitransparent, e.g. biological, samples. It is based on the interference pattern of low-coherence light. Quantum-OCT (QOCT), instead, employs the correlation properties of entangled photon pairs, for example, generated by the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). The usual QOCT scheme uses photon pairs characterised by a joint-spectral amplitude with strict spectral anti-correlations. It has been shown that, in contrast with its classical counterpart, QOCT provides resolution enhancement and dispersion cancellation. In this paper, we revisit the theory of QOCT and extend the theoretical model so as to include photon pairs with arbitrary spectral correlations. We present experimental results that complement the theory and explain the physical underpinnings appearing in the interference pattern. In our experiment, we utilize a pump for the SPDC process ranging from continuous wave to pulsed in the femtosecond regime, and show that cross-correlation interference effects appearing for each pair of layers may be directly suppressed for a sufficiently large pump bandwidth. Our results provide insights and strategies that could guide practical implementations of QOCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yepiz Graciano
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alí Michel Angulo Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Dorilian Lopez-Mago
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., 64849, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Castro-Olvera
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Rosete-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Garduño-Mejía
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Ramírez Alarcón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Héctor Cruz Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfred B U'Ren
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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14
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Kaneda F, Suzuki H, Shimizu R, Edamatsu K. Direct generation of frequency-bin entangled photons via two-period quasi-phase-matched parametric downconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1416-1424. [PMID: 30696207 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple scheme for direct generation of frequency-bin entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric downconversion. Our fabricated nonlinear optical crystal with two different poling periods can simultaneously satisfy two different, spectrally symmetric nondegenerate quasi-phase-matching conditions, enabling the direct generation of entanglement in two discrete frequency-bin modes. Our produced photon pairs exhibited Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with high-visibility beating oscillations- a signature of two-mode frequency-bin entanglement. Moreover, we demonstrate deterministic entanglement-mode conversion from frequency-bin to polarization modes, with which our source can be more versatile for various quantum applications. Our scheme can be extended to direct generation of high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement, and thus will be a key technology for frequency-multiplexed optical quantum information processing.
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15
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Quantum interferometric generation of polarization entangled photons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15733. [PMID: 30356066 PMCID: PMC6200815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum interference, like Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, has played an important role to test fundamental concepts in quantum physics. We experimentally show that the multiple quantum interference effects enable the generation of high-performance polarization entangled photons. These photons have a high-emission rate, are degenerate, have a broadband distribution, and are postselection free. A quantum interferometric scheme, based on a round-trip configuration of a double-pass polarization Sagnac interferometer, makes it possible to use the large generation efficiency of polarization entangled photons in the process of parametric down-conversion and to separate degenerate photon pairs into different optical modes with no requirement of postselection. We demonstrate experimentally that multiple quantum interference is not only an interesting fundamental quantum optical phenomenon but can be used for novel photonic quantum information technologies.
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16
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Lyons A, Knee GC, Bolduc E, Roger T, Leach J, Gauger EM, Faccio D. Attosecond-resolution Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap9416. [PMID: 29736414 PMCID: PMC5935478 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When two indistinguishable photons are each incident on separate input ports of a beamsplitter, they "bunch" deterministically, exiting via the same port as a direct consequence of their bosonic nature. This two-photon interference effect has long-held the potential for application in precision measurement of time delays, such as those induced by transparent specimens with unknown thickness profiles. However, the technique has never achieved resolutions significantly better than the few-femtosecond (micrometer) scale other than in a common-path geometry that severely limits applications. We develop the precision of Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry toward the ultimate limits dictated by statistical estimation theory, achieving few-attosecond (or nanometer path length) scale resolutions in a dual-arm geometry, thus providing access to length scales pertinent to cell biology and monoatomic layer two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lyons
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - George C. Knee
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Eliot Bolduc
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Thomas Roger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jonathan Leach
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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17
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Bizheva K, Tan B, MacLelan B, Kralj O, Hajialamdari M, Hileeto D, Sorbara L. Sub-micrometer axial resolution OCT for in-vivo imaging of the cellular structure of healthy and keratoconic human corneas. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:800-812. [PMID: 28270986 PMCID: PMC5330551 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Corneal degenerative conditions such as keratoconus (KC) cause progressive damage to the anterior corneal tissue and eventually severely compromise visual acuity. The ability to visualize corneal tissue damage in-vivo at cellular or sub-cellular level at different stages of development of KC and other corneal diseases, can aid the early diagnostics as well as the development of more effective treatment approaches for various corneal pathologies, including keratoconus. Here, we present the optical design of an optical coherence tomography system that can achieve 0.95 µm axial resolution in biological tissue and provide test results for the system's spatial resolution and sensitivity. Corneal images acquired in-vivo with this system from healthy and keratoconic human subjects reveal the cellular and sub-cellular structure of the corneal epithelium, as well as the normal and abnormal structure of the Bowman's membrane and the anterior corneal stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadinka Bizheva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Systems Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Bingyao Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Benjamin MacLelan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Olivera Kralj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Hajialamdari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Denise Hileeto
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Luigina Sorbara
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
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Lu H, Wei J, Wei Y, Su J, Peng K. Generation of high-power single-frequency 397.5 nm laser with long lifetime and perfect beam quality in an external enhancement-cavity with MgO-doped PPSLT. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23726-23734. [PMID: 27828209 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-wave single-frequency high power 397.5 nm laser with long lifetime and perfect beam quality is one of the essential resource to generate the squeezed and entanglement states of optical beams resonant with D1 line of Rubidium atoms at 795 nm. In this paper, We present the experimental generation of single-frequency high power 397.5 nm ultra-violet (UV) laser with long lifetime and perfect beam quality by using periodically poled MgO-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (MgO:PPSLT) crystal as the frequency doubler in an external enhancement ring cavity. When the transmission of the input coupler is 5.5%, the maximal output power of single-frequency 397.5 nm UV laser of 407 mW is obtained under the incident pump power of 1.9 W with the corresponding conversion efficiency of 22.8%. When the output power is 290 mW, the measured power stability and the beam quality are lower than 0.28% and 1.02, respectively. Moreover, any damage is not observed in our experiment which lasts about 1 year.
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Arahira S, Murai H, Sasaki H. Generation of highly stable WDM time-bin entanglement by cascaded sum-frequency generation and spontaneous parametric downconversion in a PPLN waveguide device. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:19581-19591. [PMID: 27557236 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report the generation of wavelength-division-multiplexed, time-bin entangled photon pairs by using cascaded optical second nonlinearities (sum-frequency generation and subsequent spontaneous parametric downconversion) in a periodically poled LiNbO3 device. Visibilities of approximately 94% were clearly observed in two-photon interference experiments for all the wavelength-multiplexed channels under investigation (five pairs), with insensitivity to the polarization states of the photon pairs. We also evaluated the performances in terms of quantum-key-distribution (QKD) applications by using four single-photon detectors, which enables to evaluate the QKD performance properly. The results showed long-term stability over 70 hours, maintaining approximately 3% of the quantum error rate and 110 bit/s of the sifted key rate.
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