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Mihanfar A, Akbarzadeh M, Ghazizadeh Darband S, Sadighparvar S, Majidinia M. SIRT1: a promising therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:13-28. [PMID: 34379994 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1956976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in the worldwide incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) has elevated the need for studies on novel and effective therapeutic strategies. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD + dependent protein deacetylase with a critical function in the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. SIRT1 is also involved in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and protecting these cells from inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated tissue damages. In this regard, major SIRT1 activators have been demonstrated to exert a beneficial impact in reversing T2DM-related complications including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, hence treating T2DM. Therefore, an accumulating number of recent studies have investigated the efficacy of targeting SIRT1 as a therapeutic strategy in T2DM. In this review we aimed to discuss the current understanding of the physiological and biological roles of SIRT1, then its implication in the pathogenesis of T2DM, and the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 in combating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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2
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de Almeida GC, de Oliveira GB, da Silva Monte Z, Costa ÉCS, da Silva Falcão EP, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oliveira Silva R, Pereira VRA, da Silva ED, Junior PAS, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, de Melo SJ. Structure-based design, optimization of lead, synthesis, and biological evaluation of compounds active against Trypanosoma cruzi. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:843-856. [PMID: 37455325 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease affects approximately eight million people throughout the world, especially the poorest individuals. The protozoan that causes this disease-Trypanosoma cruzi-has the enzyme cruzipain, which is the main therapeutic target. As no available medications have satisfactory effectiveness and safety, it is of fundamental importance to design and synthesize novel analogues that are more active and selective. In the present study, molecular docking and the in silico prediction of ADMET properties were used as strategies to optimize the trypanocidal activity of the pyrimidine compound ZN3F based on interactions with the target site in cruzipain. From the computational results, eight 4-amino-5-carbonitrile-pyrimidine analogues were proposed, synthesized (5a-f and 7g-h) and, tested in vitro on the trypomastigote form of the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi. The in silico study showed that the designed analogues bond favorably to important amino acid residues of the active site in cruzipain. An in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity was performed on L929 mammal cell lines. All derivatives inhibited the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi and also exhibited lower toxicity to L929 cells. The 5e product, in particular, proved to be a potent, selective (IC50 = 2.79 ± 0.00 μM, selectivity index = 31.3) inhibitor of T. cruzi. The present results indicated the effectiveness of drugs based on the structure of the receptor, revealing the potential trypanocidal of pyrimidines. This study also provides information on molecular aspects for the inhibition of cruzipain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleybson Correia de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gerliny Bezerra de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Zenaide da Silva Monte
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Érick Caique Santos Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Oliveira Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Center for Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Journalist Anibal Fernandes, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elis Dionisio da Silva
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales Junior
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sebastião José de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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In Vitro Human Haematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060896. [PMID: 36980237 PMCID: PMC10046976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system plays an essential role in our health and survival. It is comprised of a range of mature blood and immune cell types, including oxygen-carrying erythrocytes, platelet-producing megakaryocytes and infection-fighting myeloid and lymphoid cells. Self-renewing multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and a range of intermediate haematopoietic progenitor cell types differentiate into these mature cell types to continuously support haematopoietic system homeostasis throughout life. This process of haematopoiesis is tightly regulated in vivo and primarily takes place in the bone marrow. Over the years, a range of in vitro culture systems have been developed, either to expand haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or to differentiate them into the various haematopoietic lineages, based on the use of recombinant cytokines, co-culture systems and/or small molecules. These approaches provide important tractable models to study human haematopoiesis in vitro. Additionally, haematopoietic cell culture systems are being developed and clinical tested as a source of cell products for transplantation and transfusion medicine. This review discusses the in vitro culture protocols for human HSC expansion and differentiation, and summarises the key factors involved in these biological processes.
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Albayrak E, Kocabaş F. Therapeutic targeting and HSC proliferation by small molecules and biologicals. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:425-496. [PMID: 37061339 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have considerably therapeutic value on autologous and allogeneic transplantation for many malignant/non-malignant hematological diseases, especially with improvement of gene therapy. However, acquirement of limited cell dose from HSC sources is the main handicap for successful transplantation. Therefore, many strategies based on the utilization of various cytokines, interaction of stromal cells, modulation of several extrinsic and intrinsic factors have been developed to promote ex vivo functional HSC expansion with high reconstitution ability until today. Besides all these strategies, small molecules become prominent with their ease of use and various advantages when they are translated to the clinic. In the last two decades, several small molecule compounds have been investigated in pre-clinical studies and, some of them were evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for their safety and efficiencies. In this chapter, we will present an overview of HSC biology, function, regulation and also, pharmacological HSC modulation with small molecules from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 4 rescues the bone regenerative potential of old muscle-derived stem cells via regulation of cell cycle inhibitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:385. [PMID: 35907860 PMCID: PMC9338549 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promotes the osteogenic differentiation and the bone regenerative potential of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). BMP4 also promotes the self-renewal of both embryonic and somatic stem cells; however, BMP4 signaling activity significantly decreases with age. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors P16INK4A (P16) and P18INK4C (P18) induce early G1-phase cell cycle blockade by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6. It is still unclear if BMP4 affects the bone regenerative potential of old MDSCs through regulation of P16 and P18 expression. METHODS Young and old MDSCs were isolated from 3 week (young) and 2-year-old (old) mice. In vitro cell proliferation and multipotent differentiation were performed for young and old MDSCs both before and after BMP4/GFP transduction. Cell cycle genes were analyzed using Q-PCR. The bone regenerative potential of young and old MDSCs transduced with BMP4/GFP were compared using Micro-CT and histological analysis. The bone regenerative potential of young and old MDSCs was also compared between single and double transduction (higher BMP4 levels expression). The cell proliferation, mitochondrial function and osteogenic differentiation was also compared in vitro between cells that have been transduced with BMP4GFP (single and double transduction). The correlation of bone regeneration capacity of young and old MDSCs with P16 and P18 expression was further evaluated at 10 days after cell transplantation using histology and western blot analysis. RESULTS Old murine MDSCs (MDSCs) exhibit reduced proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation potential with or without BMP4 stimulation, when compared to young murine MDSCs. Old MDSCs express significantly higher P16 and lower P18, with more cells in the G0/1 phase and fewer cells in the G2/M phase, compared to young MDSCs. Old MDSCs retrovirally transduced to express BMP4 regenerated less bone in a critical size skull defect in CD-1 nude mice when compared to young retrovirally transduced MDSCs expressing similar BMP4 levels and contribute less to the new regenerated new bone. Importantly, both young and old MDSCs can regenerate more bone when BMP4 expression levels are increased by double-transduction with the retroviral-BMP4/GFP. However, the bone regeneration enhancement with elevated BMP4 was more profound in old MDSCs (400% at 2 weeks) compared to young MDSCs (200%). Accordingly, P18 is upregulated while P16 is downregulated after BMP4 transduction. Double transduction did not further increase cell proliferation nor mitochondrial function but did significantly increase Osx expression in both young and old MDSCs. Old MDSCs had even significant higher Osx levels as compared to young MDSCs following double transduction, while a similar Alp expression was observed between young and old MDSCs after double transduction. In addition, at 10 days after cell transplantation, old MDSCs having undergone double transduction regenerated bone more rapidly as showed by Alcian blue and Von Kossa staining. Western blot assays demonstrated that old MDSCs after retro-BMP4/GFP double transduction have significantly lower P18 expression levels when compared to young BMP4-transduced MDSCs. In addition, P18 expression was slightly increased in old MDSCs after double transduction when compared to single transduction. P16 expression was not detectable for both young and two old BMP4/GFP transduced MDSCs groups. CONCLUSIONS In summary, BMP4 can offset the adverse effect of aging on the osteogenic differentiation and the bone regenerative potential of old MDSCs via up-regulation of P18 and down-regulation P16 expression.
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Schmalzbauer BS, Thondanpallil T, Heller G, Schirripa A, Sperl CM, Mayer IM, Knab VM, Nebenfuehr S, Zojer M, Mueller AC, Fontaine F, Klampfl T, Sexl V, Kollmann K. CDK6 Degradation Is Counteracted by p16INK4A and p18INK4C in AML. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061554. [PMID: 35326705 PMCID: PMC8946512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CDK4/6 kinase inhibitors show promising results in various subtypes of AML, which has been primarily assigned to the inhibition of CDK6. To bypass therapeutic resistances and tackle the kinase-dependent, as well as kinase-independent, functions of CDK6, new CDK6 degraders have been developed. Here, we present insights into the mechanistic requirements for the efficacy of a CDK6-specific degrader in AML. We show that the presence and levels of the INK4 proteins p16INK4A and p18INK4C determine the extent of CDK6 degradation. Our study reveals the importance of INK4 protein levels as predictive markers for CDK6-targeted therapy in AML. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of certain subtypes of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). CDK4/6 kinase inhibitors have been widely studied in many cancer types and their effects may be limited by primary and secondary resistance mechanisms. CDK4/6 degraders, which eliminate kinase-dependent and kinase-independent effects, have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic option. We show that the efficacy of the CDK6-specific protein degrader BSJ-03-123 varies among AML subtypes and depends on the low expression of the INK4 proteins p16INK4A and p18INK4C. INK4 protein levels are significantly elevated in KMT2A-MLLT3+ cells compared to RUNX1-RUNX1T1+ cells, contributing to the different CDK6 degradation efficacy. We demonstrate that CDK6 complexes containing p16INK4A or p18INK4C are protected from BSJ-mediated degradation and that INK4 levels define the proliferative response to CDK6 degradation. These findings define INK4 proteins as predictive markers for CDK6 degradation-targeted therapies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda S. Schmalzbauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Teresemary Thondanpallil
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Alessia Schirripa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Clio-Melina Sperl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Isabella M. Mayer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Vanessa M. Knab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Sofie Nebenfuehr
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Markus Zojer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - André C. Mueller
- CeMM—Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Frédéric Fontaine
- CeMM—Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Thorsten Klampfl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Karoline Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.S.); (T.T.); (A.S.); (C.-M.S.); (I.M.M.); (V.M.K.); (S.N.); (M.Z.); (T.K.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence:
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He M, Xu H, Liu G, Yang M, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Zhang Y, Liu X, Xu S, Ding Y, Li Y, Gao Y, Zhang Q. Levistilide A Promotes Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Enhancing Antioxidant Activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806837. [PMID: 35250558 PMCID: PMC8895481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approaches to expand human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) clinically along with retainable capability of multipotential differentiation have been reported, but only a few have advanced to evaluation in clinical trials, which limits the application of HSC-based therapy. Here we show a phthalide derivative, Levistilide A (LA), can serve as a promising molecule to expand functional human umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSCs ex vivo. An in-house screen identified LA out of nine natural products as an outstanding candidate for hHSCs expansion. Additionally, our data indicated that LA treatment not only increased the numbers of phenotype-defined HSCs, but also enhanced their colony formation ability. Xenotransplantation assays showed that LA treatment could maintain unaffected engraftment of hHSCs with multilineage differentiation capacity. Further experiments revealed that LA enhanced the antioxidant activity of hHSCs by reducing intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The identification of LA provides a new strategy in solving the clinical issue of limited numbers of UCB HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hexiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahui Ding
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhang, ; Yingdai Gao, ; Yinghui Li, ; Yahui Ding,
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhang, ; Yingdai Gao, ; Yinghui Li, ; Yahui Ding,
| | - Yingdai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhang, ; Yingdai Gao, ; Yinghui Li, ; Yahui Ding,
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhang, ; Yingdai Gao, ; Yinghui Li, ; Yahui Ding,
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8
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Cumberland MJ, Riebel LL, Roy A, O’Shea C, Holmes AP, Denning C, Kirchhof P, Rodriguez B, Gehmlich K. Basic Research Approaches to Evaluate Cardiac Arrhythmia in Heart Failure and Beyond. Front Physiol 2022; 13:806366. [PMID: 35197863 PMCID: PMC8859441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.806366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure often develop cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms and interrelations linking heart failure and arrhythmias are not fully understood. Historically, research into arrhythmias has been performed on affected individuals or in vivo (animal) models. The latter however is constrained by interspecies variation, demands to reduce animal experiments and cost. Recent developments in in vitro induced pluripotent stem cell technology and in silico modelling have expanded the number of models available for the evaluation of heart failure and arrhythmia. An agnostic approach, combining the modalities discussed here, has the potential to improve our understanding for appraising the pathology and interactions between heart failure and arrhythmia and can provide robust and validated outcomes in a variety of research settings. This review discusses the state of the art models, methodologies and techniques used in the evaluation of heart failure and arrhythmia and will highlight the benefits of using them in combination. Special consideration is paid to assessing the pivotal role calcium handling has in the development of heart failure and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Cumberland
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leto L. Riebel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Roy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, Biodiscovery Institute, British Heart Foundation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Li J, Wang X, Ding J, Zhu Y, Min W, Kuang W, Yuan K, Sun C, Yang P. Development and clinical advancement of small molecules for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cell. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:2808-2831. [PMID: 35755294 PMCID: PMC9214065 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is the only curative therapy for many diseases. HSCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) source have many advantages over from bone marrow. However, limited HSC dose in a single CB unit restrict its widespread use. Over the past two decades, ex vivo HSC expansion with small molecules has been an effective approach for obtaining adequate HSCs. Till now, several small-molecule compounds have entered the phase I/II trials, showing safe and favorable pharmacological profiles. As HSC expansion has become a hot topic over recent years, many newly identified small molecules along with novel biological mechanisms for HSC expansion would help solve this challenging issue. Here, we will give an overview of HSC biology, discovery and medicinal chemistry development of small molecules, natural products targeting for HSC expansion, and their recent clinical progresses, as well as potential protein targets for HSC expansion.
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Enhanced self-renewal of human long-term hematopoietic stem cells by a sulfamoyl benzoate derivative targeting p18INK4C. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3362-3372. [PMID: 34477819 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of umbilical cord blood transplant has been substantially limited by the finite number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in a single umbilical cord blood unit. Small molecules that not only quantitatively but also qualitatively stimulate enhancement of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal ex vivo should facilitate the clinical use of HSC transplantation and gene therapy. Recent evidence has suggested that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p18INK4C (p18), is a critical regulator of mice HSC self-renewal. The role of p18 in human HSCs and the effect of p18 inhibitor on human HSC expansion ex vivo need further studies. Here we report that knockdown of p18 allowed for an increase in long-term colony-forming cells in vitro. We then identified an optimized small molecule inhibitor of p18, 005A, to induce ex vivo expansion of HSCs that was capable of reconstituting human hematopoiesis for at least 4 months in immunocompromised mice, and hence, similarly reconstituted secondary recipients for at least 4 more months, indicating that cells exposed to 005A were still competent in secondary recipients. Mechanistic studies showed that 005A might delay cell division and activate both the Notch signaling pathway and expression of transcription factor HoxB4, leading to enhancement of the self-renewal of long-term engrafting HSCs and the pool of progenitor cells. Taken together, these observations support a role for p18 in human HSC maintenance and that the p18 inhibitor 005A can enhance the self-renewal of long-term HSCs.
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11
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Bari S, Chong P, Hwang WYK. Expansion of Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells: Paving the Way for Next-Generation Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. BLOOD CELL THERAPY 2019; 2:58-67. [PMID: 37588101 PMCID: PMC10427230 DOI: 10.31547/bct-2019-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now an established practice with over 70,000 transplants performed annually, and over 1.5 million around the world so far. The practice of HSCT has improved over the years due to advances in conditioning regiments, preparatory practices for patients leading up to the transplant, graft versus host disease (GVHD) and infection prophylaxis, as well as a better selection of patients. However, in many instances, the stem cells supplied to the patient may not be adequate for optimal transplantation outcomes. This may be seen in a few areas including umbilical cord blood transplantation, inadequate bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cell harvest, or gene therapy. Growing and expanding HSCs in culture would provide an increase in cell numbers prior to stem cell infusion and accelerate haematopoietic recovery, resulting in improved outcomes. Several new technologies have emerged in recent years, which have facilitated the expansion of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in culture with good outcomes in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. In this review, we will outline some of the reasons for the expansion of HSPCs as well as the new technologies facilitating the advances in HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Bari
- National Cancer Centre Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - William Ying Khee Hwang
- National Cancer Centre Singapore
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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12
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Gene therapy of hematological disorders: current challenges. Gene Ther 2019; 26:296-307. [PMID: 31300728 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genetic engineering technology and stem cell biology have spurred great interest in developing gene therapies for hereditary, as well as acquired hematological disorders. Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to cure disorders such as hemoglobinopathies and primary immunodeficiencies; however, this method is limited by the availability of immune-matched donors. Using autologous cells coupled with genome editing bypasses this limitation and therefore became the focus of many research groups aiming to develop efficient and safe genomic modification. Hence, gene therapy research has witnessed a noticeable growth in recent years with numerous successful achievements; however, several challenges have to be overcome before gene therapy becomes widely available for patients. In this review, I discuss tools used in gene therapy for hematological disorders, choices of target cells, and delivery vehicles with emphasis on current hurdles and attempts to solve them, and present examples of successful clinical trials to give a glimpse of current progress.
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13
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Derakhshani M, Abbaszadeh H, Movassaghpour AA, Mehdizadeh A, Ebrahimi-Warkiani M, Yousefi M. Strategies for elevating hematopoietic stem cells expansion and engraftment capacity. Life Sci 2019; 232:116598. [PMID: 31247209 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare cell population in adult bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood possessing self-renewal and differentiation capability into a full spectrum of blood cells. Bone marrow HSC transplantation has been considered as an ideal option for certain disorders treatment including hematologic diseases, leukemia, immunodeficiency, bone marrow failure syndrome, genetic defects such as thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, autoimmune disease, and certain solid cancers. Ex vivo proliferation of these cells prior to transplantation has been proposed as a potential solution against limited number of stem cells. In such culture process, MSCs have also been shown to exhibit high capacity for secretion of soluble mediators contributing to the principle biological and therapeutic activities of HSCs. In addition, endothelial cells have been introduced to bridge the blood and sub tissues in the bone marrow, as well as, HSCs regeneration induction and survival. Cell culture in the laboratory environment requires cell growth strict control to protect against contamination, symmetrical cell division and optimal conditions for maximum yield. In this regard, microfluidic systems provide culture and analysis capabilities in micro volume scales. Moreover, two-dimensional cultures cannot fully demonstrate extracellular matrix found in different tissues and organs as an abstract representation of three dimensional cell structure. Microfluidic systems can also strongly describe the effects of physical factors such as temperature and pressure on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Derakhshani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbaszadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi-Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University Technology of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Feng Y, Xie XY, Yang YQ, Sun YT, Ma WH, Zhou PJ, Li ZY, Liu HQ, Wang YF, Huang YS. Synthesis and evaluation of pyrimidoindole analogs in umbilical cord blood ex vivo expansion. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:181-197. [PMID: 31035239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) significantly hindered their clinical potentials. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has become the leading source of HSCs for both research and clinical applications. But the low content of HSCs in a single UCB unit limited its use only to pediatric patients. Various cytokines and small molecules have demonstrated strong abilities in promoting HSC ex vivo expansion, of which UM171 is the newest and by far the most potent HSC ex vivo expansion agent. In this study, we synthesized 37 pyrimidoindole analogs and identified 6 compounds to be potent in promoting HSC ex vivo expansion. In particular, analog 11 was found to be the most effective in stimulating ex vivo expansion of UCB CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38- cells. Initial data indicated that compound 11 promoted the absolute number of long term HSCs and inhibited their differentiation. UCB HSCs expanded with 11 retained adequate multi-lineage differentiation capacity. In addition, compound 11 is not cytotoxic at its test concentrations, suggesting that it merits further investigation for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yi-Qiu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhaoqing Medical College, 6 Xijiang South Rd, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526020, China
| | - Yu-Tong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Wen-Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Yao Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
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Improved Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluations of L- and D-1-[ 18F]Fluoroethyl-Tryptophan for PET Imaging of IDO-Mediated Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:589-598. [PMID: 27815661 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-1024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tryptophan metabolism via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-mediated kynurenine pathway plays a role in immunomodulation and has been emerging as a plausible target for cancer immunotherapy. Imaging IDO-mediated kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET) could provide valuable information for noninvasive assessment of cancer immunotherapy response. In this work, radiotracer 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan (1-L-[18F]FETrp) and its enantioisomer 1-D-[18F]FETrp were synthesized and evaluated for PET imaging of IDO-mediated kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. PROCEDURES Enantiopure 1-L-[18F]FETrp and 1-D-[18F]FETrp were prepared by a nucleophilic reaction of N-boc-1-(2-tosylethyl) tryptophan tert-butyl ester with [18F]Fluoride, followed by acid hydrolysis in a GE Tracerlab FX-N module. In vitro cell uptake assays were performed with a breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Small animal PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging was carried out in a mouse model bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts. RESULTS Automatic radiosynthesis of 1-L-[18F]FETrp and 1-D-[18F]FETrp was achieved by a one-pot two-step approach in 19.0 ± 7.0 and 9.0 ± 3.0 % (n = 3) decay-corrected yield with radiochemical purity over 99 %, respectively. In vitro cell uptake study indicated the uptake of 1-D-[18F]FETrp in MDA-MB-231 cells was 0.73 ± 0.07 %/mg of protein at 60 min, while, the corresponding uptake of 1-L-[18F]FETrp was 6.60 ± 0.77 %/mg. Further mechanistic assays revealed that amino acid transport systems L-tpye amino acid transporter (LAT) and alanine-, serine-, and cysteine-preferring (ASC), and enzyme IDO expression were involved in cell uptake of 1-L-[18F]FETrp. Small animal PET/CT imaging study showed the tumor uptake of 1-L-[18F]FETrp was 4.6 ± 0.4 % ID/g, while, the tumor uptake of 1-D-[18F]FETrp was low to 1.0 ± 0.2 % ID/g, which were confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution study. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a practical method for the automatic radiosynthesis of 1-L-[18F]FETrp and 1-D-[18F]FETrp. Our biological evaluation results suggest that 1-L-[18F]FETrp is a promising radiotracer for PET imaging of IDO-mediated kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in cancer.
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Host Tumor Suppressor p18 INK4c Functions as a Potent Cell-Intrinsic Inhibitor of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reactivation and Pathogenesis. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01604-17. [PMID: 29298882 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01604-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses are common viruses associated with lifelong infection and increased disease risk. Reactivation from latency aids the virus in maintaining infection throughout the life of the host and is responsible for a wide array of disease outcomes. Previously, we demonstrated that the virus-encoded cyclin (v-cyclin) of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) is essential for optimal reactivation from latency in normal mice but not in mice lacking the host tumor suppressor p18INK4c (p18). Whether p18 plays a cell-intrinsic or -extrinsic role in constraining reactivation remains unclear. Here, we generated recombinant viruses in which we replaced the viral cyclin with the cellular p18INK4c gene (p18KI) for targeted expression of p18, specifically within infected cells. We find that the p18KI virus is similar to the cyclin-deficient virus (cycKO) in lytic infection, establishment of latency, and infected cell reservoirs. While the cycKO virus is capable of reactivation in p18-deficient mice, expression of p18 from the p18KI virus results in a profound reactivation defect. These data demonstrate that p18 limits reactivation within latently infected cells, functioning in a cell-intrinsic manner. Further, the p18KI virus showed greater attenuation of virus-induced lethal pneumonia than the cycKO virus, indicating that p18 could further restrict γHV68 pathogenesis even in p18-sufficient mice. These studies demonstrate that host p18 imposes the requirement for the viral cyclin to reactivate from latency by functioning in latently infected cells and that p18 expression is associated with decreased disease, thereby identifying p18 as a compelling host target to limit chronic gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses associated with multiple malignancies. The propensity to cycle between latency and reactivation results in an infection that is never cleared and often difficult to treat. Understanding the balance between latency and reactivation is integral to treating gammaherpesvirus infection and associated disease outcomes. This work characterizes the role of a novel inhibitor of reactivation, host p18INK4c, thereby bringing more clarity to a complex process with significant outcomes for infected individuals.
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17
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wu X, Fan H, Qiao Y. Identification of berberine as a direct thrombin inhibitor from traditional Chinese medicine through structural, functional and binding studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44040. [PMID: 28276481 PMCID: PMC5343495 DOI: 10.1038/srep44040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin acts as a key enzyme in the blood coagulation cascade and represents a potential drug target for the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to identify small-molecule direct thrombin inhibitors from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A pharmacophore model and molecular docking were utilized to virtually screen a library of chemicals contained in compositions of traditional Chinese herbs, and these analyses were followed by in vitro bioassay validation and binding studies. Berberine (BBR) was first confirmed as a thrombin inhibitor using an enzymatic assay. The BBR IC50 value for thrombin inhibition was 2.92 μM. Direct binding studies using surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that BBR directly interacted with thrombin with a KD value of 16.39 μM. Competitive binding assay indicated that BBR could bind to the same argartroban/thrombin interaction site. A platelet aggregation assay demonstrated that BBR had the ability to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in washed platelets samples. This study proved that BBR is a direct thrombin inhibitor that has activity in inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. BBR may be a potential candidate for the development of safe and effective thrombin-inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hantian Fan
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing 100102, China
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18
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Hao S, Chen C, Cheng T. Cell cycle regulation of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:487-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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