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Schofield MM, Rzepski AT, Richardson-Solorzano S, Hammerstedt J, Shah S, Mirack CE, Herrick M, Parreno J. Targeting F-actin stress fibers to suppress the dedifferentiated phenotype in chondrocytes. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151424. [PMID: 38823166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin is a central mediator of the chondrocyte phenotype. Monolayer expansion of articular chondrocytes on tissue culture polystyrene, for cell-based repair therapies, leads to chondrocyte dedifferentiation. During dedifferentiation, chondrocytes spread and filamentous (F-)actin reorganizes from a cortical to a stress fiber arrangement causing a reduction in cartilage matrix expression and an increase in fibroblastic matrix and contractile molecule expression. While the downstream mechanisms regulating chondrocyte molecular expression by alterations in F-actin organization have become elucidated, the critical upstream regulators of F-actin networks in chondrocytes are not completely known. Tropomyosin (TPM) and the RhoGTPases are known regulators of F-actin networks. The main purpose of this study is to elucidate the regulation of passaged chondrocyte F-actin stress fiber networks and cell phenotype by the specific TPM, TPM3.1, and the RhoGTPase, CDC42. Our results demonstrated that TPM3.1 associates with cortical F-actin and stress fiber F-actin in primary and passaged chondrocytes, respectively. In passaged cells, we found that pharmacological TPM3.1 inhibition or siRNA knockdown causes F-actin reorganization from stress fibers back to cortical F-actin and causes an increase in G/F-actin. CDC42 inhibition also causes formation of cortical F-actin. However, pharmacological CDC42 inhibition, but not TPM3.1 inhibition, leads to the re-association of TPM3.1 with cortical F-actin. Both TPM3.1 and CDC42 inhibition, as well as TPM3.1 knockdown, reduces nuclear localization of myocardin related transcription factor, which suppresses dedifferentiated molecule expression. We confirmed that TPM3.1 or CDC42 inhibition partially redifferentiates passaged cells by reducing fibroblast matrix and contractile expression, and increasing chondrogenic SOX9 expression. A further understanding on the regulation of F-actin in passaged cells may lead into new insights to stimulate cartilage matrix expression in cells for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sohan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | - Chloe E Mirack
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | - Marin Herrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | - Justin Parreno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, USA.
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2
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Xu T, Verhagen MP, Teeuwssen M, Sun W, Joosten R, Sacchetti A, Ewing-Graham PC, Jansen MPHM, Boere IA, Bryce NS, Zeng J, Treutlein HR, Hook J, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Fodde R. Tropomyosin1 isoforms underlie epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity, metastatic dissemination, and resistance to chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:360-377. [PMID: 38365970 PMCID: PMC10923901 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, defined as the ability of individual cells with stable genotypes to exert different phenotypes upon exposure to specific environmental cues, represent the quintessential hallmark of the cancer cell en route from the primary lesion to distant organ sites where metastatic colonization will occur. Phenotypic plasticity is driven by a broad spectrum of epigenetic mechanisms that allow for the reversibility of epithelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions (EMT/MET). By taking advantage of the co-existence of epithelial and quasi-mesenchymal cells within immortalized cancer cell lines, we have analyzed the role of EMT-related gene isoforms in the regulation of epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) in high grade serous ovarian cancer. When compared with colon cancer, a distinct spectrum of downstream targets characterizes quasi-mesenchymal ovarian cancer cells, likely to reflect the different modalities of metastasis formation between these two types of malignancy, i.e. hematogenous in colon and transcoelomic in ovarian cancer. Moreover, upstream RNA-binding proteins differentially expressed between epithelial and quasi-mesenchymal subpopulations of ovarian cancer cells were identified that underlie differential regulation of EMT-related isoforms. In particular, the up- and down-regulation of RBM24 and ESRP1, respectively, represent a main regulator of EMT in ovarian cancer cells. To validate the functional and clinical relevance of our approach, we selected and functionally analyzed the Tropomyosin 1 gene (TPM1), encoding for a protein that specifies the functional characteristics of individual actin filaments in contractile cells, among the ovarian-specific downstream AS targets. The low-molecular weight Tpm1.8/9 isoforms are specifically expressed in patient-derived ascites and promote invasion through activation of EMT and Wnt signaling, together with a broad spectrum of inflammation-related pathways. Moreover, Tpm1.8/9 expression confers resistance to taxane- and platinum-based chemotherapy. Small molecule inhibitors that target the Tpm1 isoforms support targeting Tpm1.8/9 as therapeutic targets for the development of future tailor-made clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs P Verhagen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Teeuwssen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis (ETZ), Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Paris, France
| | - Rosalie Joosten
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Sacchetti
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurice P H M Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A Boere
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S Bryce
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jun Zeng
- Computist Bio-NanoTech, Scoresby, VIC, 3179, Australia
| | - Herbert R Treutlein
- Computist Bio-NanoTech, Scoresby, VIC, 3179, Australia
- Sanoosa Pty. Ltd, Moonee Ponds, VIC, 3039, Australia
| | - Jeff Hook
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Riccardo Fodde
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Wang D, Wang Y, Di X, Wang F, Wanninayaka A, Carnell M, Hardeman EC, Jin D, Gunning PW. Cortical tension drug screen links mitotic spindle integrity to Rho pathway. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4458-4469.e4. [PMID: 37875071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical force generation plays an essential role in many cellular functions, including mitosis. Actomyosin contractile forces mediate changes in cell shape in mitosis and are implicated in mitotic spindle integrity via cortical tension. An unbiased screen of 150 small molecules that impact actin organization and 32 anti-mitotic drugs identified two molecular targets, Rho kinase (ROCK) and tropomyosin 3.1/2 (Tpm3.1/2), whose inhibition has the greatest impact on mitotic cortical tension. The converse was found for compounds that depolymerize microtubules. Tpm3.1/2 forms a co-polymer with mitotic cortical actin filaments, and its inhibition prevents rescue of multipolar spindles induced by anti-microtubule chemotherapeutics. We examined the role of mitotic cortical tension in this rescue mechanism. Inhibition of ROCK and Tpm3.1/2 and knockdown (KD) of cortical nonmuscle myosin 2A (NM2A), all of which reduce cortical tension, inhibited rescue of multipolar mitotic spindles, further implicating cortical tension in the rescue mechanism. GEF-H1 released from microtubules by depolymerization increased cortical tension through the RhoA pathway, and its KD also inhibited rescue of multipolar mitotic spindles. We conclude that microtubule depolymerization by anti-cancer drugs induces cortical-tension-based rescue to ensure integrity of the mitotic bipolar spindle mediated via the RhoA pathway. Central to this mechanism is the dependence of NM2A on Tpm3.1/2 to produce the functional engagement of actin filaments responsible for cortical tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejiang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiangjun Di
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Amanda Wanninayaka
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Carnell
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscope Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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4
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Inguito KL, Schofield MM, Faghri AD, Bloom ET, Heino M, West VC, Ebron KMM, Elliott DM, Parreno J. Stress deprivation of tendon explants or Tpm3.1 inhibition in tendon cells reduces F-actin to promote a tendinosis-like phenotype. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar141. [PMID: 36129771 PMCID: PMC9727789 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is a central mediator between mechanical force and cellular phenotype. In tendons, it is speculated that mechanical stress deprivation regulates gene expression by reducing filamentous (F)-actin. However, the mechanisms regulating tenocyte F-actin remain unclear. Tropomyosins (Tpms) are master regulators of F-actin. There are more than 40 Tpm isoforms, each having the unique capability to stabilize F-actin subpopulations. We investigated F-actin polymerization in stress-deprived tendons and tested the hypothesis that stress fiber-associated Tpm(s) stabilize F-actin to regulate cellular phenotype. Stress deprivation of mouse tail tendon down-regulated tenogenic and up-regulated protease (matrix metalloproteinase-3) mRNA levels. Concomitant with mRNA modulation were increases in G/F-actin, confirming reduced F-actin by tendon stress deprivation. To investigate the molecular regulation of F-actin, we identified that tail, Achilles, and plantaris tendons express three isoforms in common: Tpm1.6, 3.1, and 4.2. Tpm3.1 associates with F-actin in native and primary tenocytes. Tpm3.1 inhibition reduces F-actin, leading to decreases in tenogenic expression, increases in chondrogenic expression, and enhancement of protease expression in mouse and human tenocytes. These expression changes by Tpm3.1 inhibition are consistent with tendinosis progression. A further understanding of F-actin regulation in musculoskeletal cells could lead to new therapeutic interventions to prevent alterations in cellular phenotype during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron L. Inguito
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Mandy M. Schofield
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Arya D. Faghri
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Ellen T. Bloom
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Marissa Heino
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Valerie C. West
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | | | - Dawn M. Elliott
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Justin Parreno
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,*Address correspondence to: Justin Parreno ()
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5
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Kang S, Chen T, Hao Z, Yang X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Hao S, Lang F, Hao H. Oxymatrine Alleviates Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196209. [PMID: 36234739 PMCID: PMC9571404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly used to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections that possesses considerable nephrotoxicity. Oxymatrine is a phytochemical with the ability to counter gentamicin toxicity. We investigated the effects and protective mechanism of oxymatrine in rats. The experimental groups were as follows: Control, Oxymatrine only group (100 mg/kg/d), Gentamicin only group (100 mg/kg/d), Gentamicin (100 mg/kg/d) plus Oxymatrine (100 mg/kg/d) group (n = 10). All rats were treated for seven continuous days. The results indicated that oxymatrine alleviated gentamicin-induced kidney injury, and decreased rats’ kidney indices and NAG (N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase), BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and CRE (creatine) serum levels. The oxymatrine-treated group sustained less histological damage. Oxymatrine also relived gentamicin-induced oxidative and nitrative stress, indicated by the increased SOD (superoxidase dismutase), GSH (glutathione) and CAT (catalase) activities and decreased MDA (malondialdehyde), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and NO (nitric oxide) levels. Caspase-9 and -3 activities were also decreased in the oxymatrine-treated group. Oxymatrine exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect on gentamicin-induced kidney injury, down-regulated the Bcl-2ax and NF-κB mRNAs, and upregulated Bcl-2, HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNAs in the kidney tissue. Our investigation revealed the renal protective effect of oxymatrine in gentamicin-induced kidney injury for the first time. The effect was achieved through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. The study underlines the potential clinical application of oxymatrine as a renal protectant agent for gentamicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyao Kang
- Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Biopharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiao Yang
- Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Mingfa Wang
- Qingdao University Medical Group Juxian Hospital, Qingdao 276599, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- College of Traditional Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Sijia Hao
- College of Traditional Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Fengting Lang
- Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Biopharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hongxia Hao
- Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Biopharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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6
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Reindl T, Giese S, Greve JN, Reinke PY, Chizhov I, Latham SL, Mulvihill DP, Taft MH, Manstein DJ. Distinct actin–tropomyosin cofilament populations drive the functional diversification of cytoskeletal myosin motor complexes. iScience 2022; 25:104484. [PMID: 35720262 PMCID: PMC9204724 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of N-terminal acetylation of the high molecular weight tropomyosin isoforms Tpm1.6 and Tpm2.1 and the low molecular weight isoforms Tpm1.12, Tpm3.1, and Tpm4.2 on the actin affinity and the thermal stability of actin-tropomyosin cofilaments are described. Furthermore, we show how the exchange of cytoskeletal tropomyosin isoforms and their N-terminal acetylation affects the kinetic and chemomechanical properties of cytoskeletal actin-tropomyosin-myosin complexes. Our results reveal the extent to which the different actin-tropomyosin-myosin complexes differ in their kinetic and functional properties. The maximum sliding velocity of the actin filament as well as the optimal motor density for continuous unidirectional movement, parameters that were previously considered to be unique and invariant properties of each myosin isoform, are shown to be influenced by the exchange of the tropomyosin isoform and the N-terminal acetylation of tropomyosin. Tpm diversity is largely determined by sequences contributing to the overlap region Global sequence differences are of greater importance than variable exon 6 usage Tpm isoforms confer distinctly altered properties to cytoskeletal myosin motors Cytoskeletal myosins are differentially affected by N-terminal acetylation of Tpm
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7
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Suresh R, Diaz RJ. The remodelling of actin composition as a hallmark of cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101051. [PMID: 33761369 PMCID: PMC8008238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is a key structural protein that makes up the cytoskeleton of cells, and plays a role in functions such as division, migration, and vesicle trafficking. It comprises six different cell-type specific isoforms: ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTB, ACTC1, ACTG1, and ACTG2. Abnormal actin isoform expression has been reported in many cancers, which led us to hypothesize that it may serve as an early biomarker of cancer. We show an overview of the different actin isoforms and highlight mechanisms by which they may contribute to tumorigenicity. Furthermore, we suggest how the aberrant expression of actin subunits can confer cells with greater proliferation ability, increased migratory capability, and chemoresistance through incorporation into the normal cellular F-actin network and altered actin binding protein interaction. Studying this fundamental change that takes place within cancer cells can further our understanding of neoplastic transformation in multiple tissue types, which can ultimately aid in the early-detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roberto J Diaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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8
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Targeting the cytoskeleton against metastatic dissemination. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:89-140. [PMID: 33471283 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a pathology characterized by a loss or a perturbation of a number of typical features of normal cell behaviour. Indeed, the acquisition of an inappropriate migratory and invasive phenotype has been reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer. The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic network of highly ordered interlinking filaments playing a key role in the control of fundamental cellular processes, like cell shape maintenance, motility, division and intracellular transport. Moreover, deregulation of this complex machinery contributes to cancer progression and malignancy, enabling cells to acquire an invasive and metastatic phenotype. Metastasis accounts for 90% of death from patients affected by solid tumours, while an efficient prevention and suppression of metastatic disease still remains elusive. This results in the lack of effective therapeutic options currently available for patients with advanced disease. In this context, the cytoskeleton with its regulatory and structural proteins emerges as a novel and highly effective target to be exploited for a substantial therapeutic effort toward the development of specific anti-metastatic drugs. Here we provide an overview of the role of cytoskeleton components and interacting proteins in cancer metastasis with a special focus on small molecule compounds interfering with the actin cytoskeleton organization and function. The emerging involvement of microtubules and intermediate filaments in cancer metastasis is also reviewed.
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9
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Abouelezz A, Stefen H, Segerstråle M, Micinski D, Minkeviciene R, Lahti L, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Hoogenraad CC, Taira T, Fath T, Hotulainen P. Tropomyosin Tpm3.1 Is Required to Maintain the Structure and Function of the Axon Initial Segment. iScience 2020; 23:101053. [PMID: 32344377 PMCID: PMC7186529 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potential initiation and serves as a cargo transport filter and diffusion barrier that helps maintain neuronal polarity. The AIS actin cytoskeleton comprises actin patches and periodic sub-membranous actin rings. We demonstrate that tropomyosin isoform Tpm3.1 co-localizes with actin patches and that the inhibition of Tpm3.1 led to a reduction in the density of actin patches. Furthermore, Tpm3.1 showed a periodic distribution similar to sub-membranous actin rings but Tpm3.1 was only partially congruent with sub-membranous actin rings. Nevertheless, the inhibition of Tpm3.1 affected the uniformity of the periodicity of actin rings. Furthermore, Tpm3.1 inhibition led to reduced accumulation of AIS structural and functional proteins, disruption in sorting somatodendritic and axonal proteins, and a reduction in firing frequency. These results show that Tpm3.1 is necessary for the structural and functional maintenance of the AIS. Tropomyosin isoform Tpm3.1 co-localizes with the actin cytoskeleton in the AIS Tpm3.1 inhibition led to a less organized AIS actin cytoskeleton Perturbation of Tpm3.1 function reduced the accumulation of AIS scaffolding proteins Tpm3.1 inhibition compromised cargo sorting and rapidly reduced firing frequency
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abouelezz
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; HiLIFE - Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Holly Stefen
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mikael Segerstråle
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Micinski
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rimante Minkeviciene
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Lahti
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tomi Taira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Fath
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Impact of the actin cytoskeleton on cell development and function mediated via tropomyosin isoforms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 102:122-131. [PMID: 31630997 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The physiological function of actin filaments is challenging to dissect because of the pleiotropic impact of global disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Tropomyosin isoforms have provided a unique opportunity to address this issue. A substantial fraction of actin filaments in animal cells consist of co-polymers of actin with specific tropomyosin isoforms which determine the functional capacity of the filament. Genetic manipulation of the tropomyosins has revealed isoform specific roles and identified the physiological function of the different actin filament types based on their tropomyosin isoform composition. Surprisingly, there is remarkably little redundancy between the tropomyosins resulting in highly penetrant impacts of both ectopic overexpression and knockout of isoforms. The physiological roles of the tropomyosins cover a broad range from development and morphogenesis to cell migration and specialised tissue function and human diseases.
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11
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Bryce NS, Failes TW, Stehn JR, Baker K, Zahler S, Arzhaeva Y, Bischof L, Lyons C, Dedova I, Arndt GM, Gaus K, Goult BT, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Lock JG. High-Content Imaging of Unbiased Chemical Perturbations Reveals that the Phenotypic Plasticity of the Actin Cytoskeleton Is Constrained. Cell Syst 2019; 9:496-507.e5. [PMID: 31606369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although F-actin has a large number of binding partners and regulators, the number of phenotypic states available to the actin cytoskeleton is unknown. Here, we quantified 74 features defining filamentous actin (F-actin) and cellular morphology in >25 million cells after treatment with a library of 114,400 structurally diverse compounds. After reducing the dimensionality of these data, only ∼25 recurrent F-actin phenotypes emerged, each defined by distinct quantitative features that could be machine learned. We identified 2,003 unknown compounds as inducers of actin-related phenotypes, including two that directly bind the focal adhesion protein, talin. Moreover, we observed that compounds with distinct molecular mechanisms could induce equivalent phenotypes and that initially divergent cellular responses could converge over time. These findings suggest a conceptual parallel between the actin cytoskeleton and gene regulatory networks, where the theoretical plasticity of interactions is nearly infinite, yet phenotypes in vivo are constrained into a limited subset of practicable configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Bryce
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tim W Failes
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Justine R Stehn
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Karen Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yulia Arzhaeva
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, CSIRO Data 61, Marsfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne Bischof
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, CSIRO Data 61, Marsfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Ciaran Lyons
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Irina Dedova
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John G Lock
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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12
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Anti-cancer effects of oxymatrine are mediated through multiple molecular mechanism(s) in tumor models. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Janco M, Rynkiewicz MJ, Li L, Hook J, Eiffe E, Ghosh A, Böcking T, Lehman WJ, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW. Molecular integration of the anti-tropomyosin compound ATM-3507 into the coiled coil overlap region of the cancer-associated Tpm3.1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11262. [PMID: 31375704 PMCID: PMC6677793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosins (Tpm) determine the functional capacity of actin filaments in an isoform-specific manner. The primary isoform in cancer cells is Tpm3.1 and compounds that target Tpm3.1 show promising results as anti-cancer agents both in vivo and in vitro. We have determined the molecular mechanism of interaction of the lead compound ATM-3507 with Tpm3.1-containing actin filaments. When present during co-polymerization of Tpm3.1 with actin, 3H-ATM-3507 is incorporated into the filaments and saturates at approximately one molecule per Tpm3.1 dimer and with an apparent binding affinity of approximately 2 µM. In contrast, 3H-ATM-3507 is poorly incorporated into preformed Tpm3.1/actin co-polymers. CD spectroscopy and thermal melts using Tpm3.1 peptides containing the C-terminus, the N-terminus, and a combination of the two forming the overlap junction at the interface of adjacent Tpm3.1 dimers, show that ATM-3507 shifts the melting temperature of the C-terminus and the overlap junction, but not the N-terminus. Molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) analysis predicts that ATM-3507 integrates into the 4-helix coiled coil overlap junction and in doing so, likely changes the lateral movement of Tpm3.1 across the actin surface resulting in an alteration of filament interactions with actin binding proteins and myosin motors, consistent with the cellular impact of ATM-3507.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro Janco
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Liang Li
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jeff Hook
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Eleanor Eiffe
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anita Ghosh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Till Böcking
- Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - William J Lehman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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14
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Kim YJ, Cho AR, Sul HJ, Kim B, Kim AY, Kim HS, Seo JB, Koh Y, Zang DY. The effects of crizotinib in a transgenic Drosophila model expressing the human TPM4-ALK fusion gene or TPM4. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/7/bio044362. [PMID: 31278140 PMCID: PMC6679403 DOI: 10.1242/bio.044362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion events lead to constitutive activation of the ALK kinase domain, thereby functioning as oncogenic drivers. These fusion proteins have been identified in numerous cancers. Crizotinib, a small molecule inhibitor of c-Met and ALK, is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug with reported efficacy in the treatment of cancer. Tropomyosins (TPMs) are a family of actin filament-binding proteins. Altered TPM expression has been found in a variety of human tumors. Inhibitors of cancer-associated TPMs and actin-targeting compounds have been developed, but anti-actin agents have cardiac and respiratory muscle toxicities. In this study, we investigated the sensitivities of human TPM4 (hTPM4), human ALK (hALK), and their fusion gene (hTPM4-hALK) to crizotinib by measuring the lifespan of transgenic Drosophila. Flies overexpressing hTPM4-hALK, hTPM4 and hALK showed decreased lifespans compared with controls. Although crizotinib is an inhibitor of ALK, treatment with crizotinib significantly extended the lifespans of Drosophila expressing hTPM4 and hTPM4-hALK but had no effect on hALK-expressing flies. Autophosphorylation of Tyr1278 is necessary for full activation of the ALK domain. We confirmed that hTPM4-hALK was phosphorylated at Tyr1278 in a ligand-independent manner, and hTPM4-hALK-expressing flies treated with crizotinib showed a decreased level of Tyr1278 phosphorylation compared with untreated hTPM4-hALK-expressing flies, with a greater decrease induced by 1 µM compared with 200 nM crizotinib. Taken together, the results suggest that crizotinib is effective for treating ALK-driven cancer and might be a new therapeutic drug, without cardiac or respiratory muscle toxic effects, for TPM4-expressing cancers. Summary: In this study, we find that crizotinib extends the lifespan of Drosophila overexpressing hTPM4-ALK and hTPM4, which are linked with a variety of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ri Cho
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Sul
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bok Seo
- Korea Basic Research Institute Seoul Center, Seoul, 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Koh
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
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15
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Stefen H, Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A, Brettle M, Fok S, Suchowerska AK, Tedla N, Barber T, Warkiani ME, Fath T. A Novel Microfluidic Device-Based Neurite Outgrowth Inhibition Assay Reveals the Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Activity of Tropomyosin Tpm3.1 in Hippocampal Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1557-1563. [PMID: 30218404 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming neurite inhibition is integral for restoring neuronal connectivity after CNS injury. Actin dynamics are critical for neurite growth cone formation and extension. The tropomyosin family of proteins is a regarded as master regulator of actin dynamics. This study investigates tropomyosin isoform 3.1 (Tpm3.1) as a potential candidate for overcoming an inhibitory substrate, as it is known to influence neurite branching and outgrowth. We designed a microfluidic device that enables neurons to be grown adjacent to an inhibitory substrate, Nogo-66. Results show that neurons, overexpressing hTpm3.1, have an increased propensity to overcome Nogo-66 inhibition. We propose Tpm3.1 as a potential target for promoting neurite growth in an inhibitory environment in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stefen
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuron Culture Core Facility (NCCF), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amin Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra Fok
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Suchowerska
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracie Barber
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuron Culture Core Facility (NCCF), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia.
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16
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Mitchell CB, Stehn JR, O'Neill GM. Small molecule targeting of the actin associating protein tropomyosin Tpm3.1 increases neuroblastoma cell response to inhibition of Rac‐mediated multicellular invasion. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:307-317. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla B. Mitchell
- Children's Cancer Research UnitKids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Justine R. Stehn
- Novogen Pty LtdHornsby NSW Australia
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales AustraliaSydney NSW Australia
| | - Geraldine M. O'Neill
- Children's Cancer Research UnitKids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmead New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child HealthThe University of SydneySydney New South Wales Australia
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17
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Barua B, Sckolnick M, White HD, Trybus KM, Hitchcock-DeGregori SE. Distinct sites in tropomyosin specify shared and isoform-specific regulation of myosins II and V. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:150-163. [PMID: 29500902 PMCID: PMC5899941 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction, cytokinesis, cellular movement, and intracellular transport depend on regulated actin-myosin interaction. Most actin filaments bind one or more isoform of tropomyosin, a coiled-coil protein that stabilizes the filaments and regulates interactions with other actin-binding proteins, including myosin. Isoform-specific allosteric regulation of muscle myosin II by actin-tropomyosin is well-established while that of processive myosins, such as myosin V, which transport organelles and macromolecules in the cell periphery, is less certain. Is the regulation by tropomyosin a universal mechanism, the consequence of the conserved periodic structures of tropomyosin, or is it the result of specialized interactions between particular isoforms of myosin and tropomyosin? Here, we show that striated muscle tropomyosin, Tpm1.1, inhibits fast skeletal muscle myosin II but not myosin Va. The non-muscle tropomyosin, Tpm3.1, in contrast, activates both myosins. To decipher the molecular basis of these opposing regulatory effects, we introduced mutations at conserved surface residues within the six periodic repeats (periods) of Tpm3.1, in positions homologous or analogous to those important for regulation of skeletal muscle myosin by Tpm1.1. We identified conserved residues in the internal periods of both tropomyosin isoforms that are important for the function of myosin Va and striated myosin II. Conserved residues in the internal and C-terminal periods that correspond to Tpm3.1-specific exons inhibit myosin Va but not myosin II function. These results suggest that tropomyosins may directly impact myosin function through both general and isoform-specific mechanisms that identify actin tracks for the recruitment and function of particular myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Barua
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Maria Sckolnick
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Howard D. White
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507
| | - Kathleen M. Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Sarah E. Hitchcock-DeGregori
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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18
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Kee AJ, Chagan J, Chan JY, Bryce NS, Lucas CA, Zeng J, Hook J, Treutlein H, Laybutt DR, Stehn JR, Gunning PW, Hardeman EC. On-target action of anti-tropomyosin drugs regulates glucose metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4604. [PMID: 29545590 PMCID: PMC5854615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel small molecule inhibitors of the cancer-associated tropomyosin 3.1 (Tpm3.1) provides the ability to examine the metabolic function of specific actin filament populations. We have determined the ability of these anti-Tpm (ATM) compounds to regulate glucose metabolism in mice. Acute treatment (1 h) of wild-type (WT) mice with the compounds (TR100 and ATM1001) led to a decrease in glucose clearance due mainly to suppression of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from the pancreatic islets. The impact of the drugs on GSIS was significantly less in Tpm3.1 knock out (KO) mice indicating that the drug action is on-target. Experiments in MIN6 β-cells indicated that the inhibition of GSIS by the drugs was due to disruption to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. The impact of the drugs on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) was also examined in skeletal muscle ex vivo. In the absence of drug, ISGU was decreased in KO compared to WT muscle, confirming a role of Tpm3.1 in glucose uptake. Both compounds suppressed ISGU in WT muscle, but in the KO muscle there was little impact of the drugs. Collectively, this data indicates that the ATM drugs affect glucose metabolism in vivo by inhibiting Tpm3.1's function with few off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kee
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jayshan Chagan
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jeng Yie Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole S Bryce
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christine A Lucas
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Zeng
- MedChemSoft Solutions, Level 3 Brandon Park Drive, Wheelers Hill, 3150, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff Hook
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Herbert Treutlein
- Sanoosa Pty. Ltd., 35 Collins Street, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justine R Stehn
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Novogen Pty Ltd, 502/20 George St, Hornsby, NSW, 2077, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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19
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Elam WA, Cao W, Kang H, Huehn A, Hocky GM, Prochniewicz E, Schramm AC, Negrón K, Garcia J, Bonello TT, Gunning PW, Thomas DD, Voth GA, Sindelar CV, De La Cruz EM. Phosphomimetic S3D cofilin binds but only weakly severs actin filaments. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19565-19579. [PMID: 28939776 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biological processes, including cell division, growth, and motility, rely on rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and on actin filament severing by the regulatory protein cofilin. Phosphorylation of vertebrate cofilin at Ser-3 regulates both actin binding and severing. Substitution of serine with aspartate at position 3 (S3D) is widely used to mimic cofilin phosphorylation in cells and in vitro The S3D substitution weakens cofilin binding to filaments, and it is presumed that subsequent reduction in cofilin occupancy inhibits filament severing, but this hypothesis has remained untested. Here, using time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy, electron cryomicroscopy, and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we show that S3D cofilin indeed binds filaments with lower affinity, but also with a higher cooperativity than wild-type cofilin, and severs actin weakly across a broad range of occupancies. We found that three factors contribute to the severing deficiency of S3D cofilin. First, the high cooperativity of S3D cofilin generates fewer boundaries between bare and decorated actin segments where severing occurs preferentially. Second, S3D cofilin only weakly alters filament bending and twisting dynamics and therefore does not introduce the mechanical discontinuities required for efficient filament severing at boundaries. Third, Ser-3 modification (i.e. substitution with Asp or phosphorylation) "undocks" and repositions the cofilin N terminus away from the filament axis, which compromises S3D cofilin's ability to weaken longitudinal filament subunit interactions. Collectively, our results demonstrate that, in addition to inhibiting actin binding, Ser-3 modification favors formation of a cofilin-binding mode that is unable to sufficiently alter filament mechanical properties and promote severing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Austin Elam
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Wenxiang Cao
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Hyeran Kang
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Andrew Huehn
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Glen M Hocky
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Ewa Prochniewicz
- the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and
| | - Anthony C Schramm
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Karina Negrón
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Jean Garcia
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Teresa T Bonello
- the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - David D Thomas
- the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and
| | - Gregory A Voth
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Charles V Sindelar
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,
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20
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Currier MA, Stehn JR, Swain A, Chen D, Hook J, Eiffe E, Heaton A, Brown D, Nartker BA, Eaves DW, Kloss N, Treutlein H, Zeng J, Alieva IB, Dugina VB, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Cripe TP. Identification of Cancer-Targeted Tropomyosin Inhibitors and Their Synergy with Microtubule Drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1555-1565. [PMID: 28522589 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actin filaments, with their associated tropomyosin polymers, and microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal systems regulating numerous cell functions. While antimicrotubule drugs are well-established, antiactin drugs have been more elusive. We previously targeted actin in cancer cells by inhibiting the function of a tropomyosin isoform enriched in cancer cells, Tpm3.1, using a first-in-class compound, TR100. Here, we screened over 200 other antitropomyosin analogues for anticancer and on-target activity using a series of in vitro cell-based and biochemical assays. ATM-3507 was selected as the new lead based on its ability to disable Tpm3.1-containing filaments, its cytotoxicity potency, and more favorable drug-like characteristics. We tested ATM-3507 and TR100 alone and in combination with antimicrotubule agents against neuroblastoma models in vitro and in vivo Both ATM-3507 and TR100 showed a high degree of synergy in vitro with vinca alkaloid and taxane antimicrotubule agents. In vivo, combination-treated animals bearing human neuroblastoma xenografts treated with antitropomyosin combined with vincristine showed minimal weight loss, a significant and profound regression of tumor growth and improved survival compared with control and either drug alone. Antitropomyosin combined with vincristine resulted in G2-M phase arrest, disruption of mitotic spindle formation, and cellular apoptosis. Our data suggest that small molecules targeting the actin cytoskeleton via tropomyosin sensitize cancer cells to antimicrotubule agents and are tolerated together in vivo This combination warrants further study. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1555-65. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Currier
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Justine R Stehn
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Novogen Pty Ltd, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Swain
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duo Chen
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeff Hook
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eleanor Eiffe
- Novogen Pty Ltd, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Heaton
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Novogen Pty Ltd, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Brown
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Novogen Pty Ltd, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brooke A Nartker
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David W Eaves
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nina Kloss
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jun Zeng
- MedChemSoft Solutions, Wheelers Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irina B Alieva
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Electron Microscopy, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera B Dugina
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mathematical Methods in Biology, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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21
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Abstract
Tropomyosin is the archetypal-coiled coil, yet studies of its structure and function have proven it to be a dynamic regulator of actin filament function in muscle and non-muscle cells. Here we review aspects of its structure that deviate from canonical leucine zipper coiled coils that allow tropomyosin to bind to actin, regulate myosin, and interact directly and indirectly with actin-binding proteins. Four genes encode tropomyosins in vertebrates, with additional diversity that results from alternate promoters and alternatively spliced exons. At the same time that periodic motifs for binding actin and regulating myosin are conserved, isoform-specific domains allow for specific interaction with myosins and actin filament regulatory proteins, including troponin. Tropomyosin can be viewed as a universal regulator of the actin cytoskeleton that specifies actin filaments for cellular and intracellular functions.
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22
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Nicovich PR, Janco M, Sobey T, Gajwani M, Obeidy P, Whan R, Gaus K, Gunning PW, Coster AC, Böcking T. Effect of surface chemistry on tropomyosin binding to actin filaments on surfaces. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:729-738. [PMID: 27783462 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reconstitution of actin filaments on surfaces for observation of filament-associated protein dynamics by fluorescence microscopy is currently an exciting field in biophysics. Here we examine the effects of attaching actin filaments to surfaces on the binding and dissociation kinetics of a fluorescence-labeled tropomyosin, a rod-shaped protein that forms continuous strands wrapping around the actin filament. Two attachment modalities of the actin to the surface are explored: where the actin filament is attached to the surface at multiple points along its length; and where the actin filament is attached at one end and aligned parallel to the surface by buffer flow. To facilitate analysis of actin-binding protein dynamics, we have developed a software tool for the viewing, tracing and analysis of filaments and co-localized species in noisy fluorescence timelapse images. Our analysis shows that the interaction of tropomyosin with actin filaments is similar for both attachment modalities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Nicovich
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Miro Janco
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tom Sobey
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mehul Gajwani
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peyman Obeidy
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adelle Cf Coster
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Te Boekhorst V, Friedl P. Plasticity of Cancer Cell Invasion-Mechanisms and Implications for Therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 132:209-64. [PMID: 27613134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration is a plastic and adaptive process integrating cytoskeletal dynamics, cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion, as well as tissue remodeling. In response to molecular and physical microenvironmental cues during metastatic dissemination, cancer cells exploit a versatile repertoire of invasion and dissemination strategies, including collective and single-cell migration programs. This diversity generates molecular and physical heterogeneity of migration mechanisms and metastatic routes, and provides a basis for adaptation in response to microenvironmental and therapeutic challenge. We here summarize how cytoskeletal dynamics, protease systems, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion pathways control cancer cell invasion programs, and how reciprocal interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment contributes to plasticity of invasion and dissemination strategies. We discuss the potential and future implications of predicted "antimigration" therapies that target cytoskeletal dynamics, adhesion, and protease systems to interfere with metastatic dissemination, and the options for integrating antimigration therapy into the spectrum of targeted molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Te Boekhorst
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - P Friedl
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Janco M, Bonello TT, Byun A, Coster ACF, Lebhar H, Dedova I, Gunning PW, Böcking T. The impact of tropomyosins on actin filament assembly is isoform specific. BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 6:61-75. [PMID: 27420374 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2016.1201619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tpm) is an α helical coiled-coil dimer that forms a co-polymer along the actin filament. Tpm is involved in the regulation of actin's interaction with binding proteins as well as stabilization of the actin filament and its assembly kinetics. Recent studies show that multiple Tpm isoforms also define the functional properties of distinct actin filament populations within a cell. Subtle structural variations within well conserved Tpm isoforms are the key to their functional specificity. Therefore, we purified and characterized a comprehensive set of 8 Tpm isoforms (Tpm1.1, Tpm1.12, Tpm1.6, Tpm1.7, Tpm1.8, Tpm2.1, Tpm3.1, and Tpm4.2), using well-established actin co-sedimentation and pyrene fluorescence polymerization assays. We observed that the apparent affinity (Kd(app)) to filamentous actin varied in all Tpm isoforms between ∼0.1-5 μM with similar values for both, skeletal and cytoskeletal actin filaments. The data did not indicate any correlation between affinity and size of Tpm molecules, however high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms Tpm1.1, Tpm1.6, Tpm1.7 and Tpm2.1, showed ∼3-fold higher cooperativity compared to low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms Tpm1.12, Tpm1.8, Tpm3.1, and Tpm4.2. The rate of actin filament elongation in the presence of Tpm2.1 increased, while all other isoforms decreased the elongation rate by 27-85 %. Our study shows that the biochemical properties of Tpm isoforms are finely tuned and depend on sequence variations in alternatively spliced regions of Tpm molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro Janco
- a Single Molecule Science , School of Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Teresa T Bonello
- b School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Alex Byun
- b School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Adelle C F Coster
- c School of Mathematics and Statistics , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Helene Lebhar
- d School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Irina Dedova
- b School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- b School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- a Single Molecule Science , School of Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
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