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Jahan N, Ibne Mahbub MS, Lee BT, Bae SH. In Vivo and In Vitro Investigation of a Novel Gelatin/Sodium Polyacrylate Composite Hemostatic Sponge for Topical Bleeding. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050265. [PMID: 37233375 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing a functional and efficient blood-clotting agent is a major challenge. In this research, hemostatic scaffolds (GSp) were prepared from the superabsorbent, inter-crosslinked polymer sodium polyacrylate (Sp) bound to a natural protein gelatin (G) loaded with thrombin (Th) by a cost-effective freeze-drying method. Five compositions were grafted (GSp0.0, Gsp0.1, GSp0.2, GSp0.3, GSp0.3-Th) where the concentration of Sp varied but the ratios of G remained the same. The fundamental physical characteristics that increased the amounts of Sp with G gave synergistic effects after interacting with thrombin. Due to the presence of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) swelling capacities in GSp0.3 and GSp0.3-Th surge forward 6265% and 6948%, respectively. Pore sizes became uniform and larger (ranging ≤ 300 μm) and well-interconnected. The water-contact angle declined in GSp0.3 and GSp0.3-Th to 75.73 ± 1.097 and 75.33 ± 0.8342 degrees, respectively, thus increasing hydrophilicity. The pH difference was found to be insignificant as well. In addition, an evaluation of the scaffold in in vitro biocompatibility with the L929 cell line showed cell viability >80%, so the samples were nontoxic and produced a favorable environment for cell proliferation. The composite GSp0.3-Th revealed the lowest HR (%) (2.601%), and the in vivo blood-clotting time (s) and blood loss (gm) supported hemostasis. Overall, the results showed that a novel GSp0.3-Th scaffold can be a potential candidate as a hemostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sowaib Ibne Mahbub
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Bae
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
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2
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Park SH, Lee EK, Yim J, Lee MH, Lee E, Lee YS, Seo W. Exosomes: Nomenclature, Isolation, and Biological Roles in Liver Diseases. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:253-263. [PMID: 37095734 PMCID: PMC10129856 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis and biological roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the progression of liver diseases have attracted considerable attention in recent years. EVs are membrane-bound nanosized vesicles found in different types of body fluids and contain various bioactive materials, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and mitochondrial DNA. Based on their origin and biogenesis, EVs can be classified as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Among these, exosomes are the smallest EVs (30-150 nm in diameter), which play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication and epigenetic regulation. Moreover, exosomal content analysis can reveal the functional state of the parental cell. Therefore, exosomes can be applied to various purposes, including disease diagnosis and treatment, drug delivery, cell-free vaccines, and regenerative medicine. However, exosome-related research faces two major limitations: isolation of exosomes with high yield and purity and distinction of exosomes from other EVs (especially microvesicles). No standardized exosome isolation method has been established to date; however, various exosome isolation strategies have been proposed to investigate their biological roles. Exosome-mediated intercellular communications are known to be involved in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. Damaged hepatocytes or nonparenchymal cells release large numbers of exosomes that promote the progression of inflammation and fibrogenesis through interactions with neighboring cells. Exosomes are expected to provide insight on the progression of liver disease. Here, we review the biogenesis of exosomes, exosome isolation techniques, and biological roles of exosomes in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Joowon Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Min Hoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eojin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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3
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Hufziger KA, Farquharson EL, Werner BG, Chen Q, Goddard JM, Nugen SR. In Vivo Capsid Engineering of Bacteriophages for Oriented Surface Conjugation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5104-5112. [PMID: 36264000 PMCID: PMC10184791 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The current state-of-the-art in bacteriophage (phage) immobilization onto magnetic particles is limited to techniques that are less expensive and/or facile but nonspecific or those that are more expensive and/or complicated but ensure capsid-down orientation of the phages, as necessary to preserve infectivity and performance in subsequent applications (e.g., therapeutics, detection). These cost, complexity, and effectiveness limitations constitute the major hurdles that limit the scale-up of phage-based strategies and thus their accessibility in low-resource settings. Here, we report a plasmid-based technique that incorporates a silica-binding protein, L2, into the T7 phage capsid, during viral assembly, with and without inclusion of a flexible linker peptide, allowing for targeted binding of the phage capsid to silica without requiring the direct modification of the phage genome. L2-tagged phages were then immobilized onto silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Inclusion of the flexible linker between the phage capsid protein and the L2 protein improved immobilization density compared to both wild type T7 phages and L2-tagged phages without the flexible linker. Taken together, this work demonstrates phage capsid modification without engineering the phage genome, which provides an important step toward reducing the cost and increasing the specificity/directionality of phage immobilization methods and could be more broadly applied in the future for other phages for a range of other capsid tags and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brenda G. Werner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Qingmin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Julie M. Goddard
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Sam R. Nugen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
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4
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Gowda HN, Kido H, Wu X, Shoval O, Lee A, Lorenzana A, Madou M, Hoffmann M, Jiang SC. Development of a proof-of-concept microfluidic portable pathogen analysis system for water quality monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152556. [PMID: 34952082 PMCID: PMC8837627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases cause millions of deaths worldwide, especially in developing communities. The monitoring and rapid detection of microbial pathogens in water is critical for public health protection. This study reports the development of a proof-of-concept portable pathogen analysis system (PPAS) that can detect bacteria in water with the potential application in a point-of-sample collection setting. A centrifugal microfluidic platform is adopted to integrate bacterial cell lysis in water samples, nucleic acid extraction, and reagent mixing with a droplet digital loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for bacteria quantification onto a single centrifugal disc (CD). Coupled with a portable "CD Driver" capable of automating the assay steps, the CD functions as a single step bacterial detection "lab" without the need to transfer samples from vial-to-vial as in a traditional laboratory. The prototype system can detect Enterococcus faecalis, a common fecal indicator bacterium, in water samples with a single touch of a start button within 1 h and having total hands-on-time being less than 5 min. An add-on bacterial concentration cup prefilled with absorbent polymer beads was designed to integrate with the pathogen CD to improve the downstream quantification sensitivity. All reagents and amplified products are contained within the single-use disc, reducing the opportunity of cross contamination of other samples by the amplification products. This proof-of-concept PPAS lays the foundation for field testing devices in areas needing more accessible water quality monitoring tools and are at higher risk for being exposed to contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsa N Gowda
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Horacio Kido
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Xunyi Wu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Oren Shoval
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Adrienne Lee
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Albert Lorenzana
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sunny C Jiang
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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5
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Zhu Y, Wu X, Gu A, Dobelle L, Cid C, Li J, Hoffmann MR. Membrane-Based In-Gel Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (mgLAMP) System for SARS-CoV-2 Quantification in Environmental Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:862-873. [PMID: 34967203 PMCID: PMC8751019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to become endemic, quantification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in ambient waters is critical for environmental surveillance and for early detection of outbreaks. Herein, we report the development of a membrane-based in-gel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mgLAMP) system that is designed for the rapid point-of-use quantification of SARS-CoV-2 particles in environmental waters. The mgLAMP system integrates the viral concentration, in-assay viral lysis, and on-membrane hydrogel-based RT-LAMP quantification using enhanced fluorescence detection with a target-specific probe. With a sample-to-result time of less than 1 h, mgLAMP successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 below 0.96 copies/mL in Milli-Q water. In surface water, the lowest detected SARS-CoV-2 concentration was 93 copies/mL for mgLAMP, while the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) with optimal pretreatment was inhibited at 930 copies/mL. A 3D-printed portable device is designed to integrate heated incubation and fluorescence illumination for the simultaneous analysis of nine mgLAMP assays. Smartphone-based imaging and machine learning-based image processing are used for the interpretation of results. In this report, we demonstrate that mgLAMP is a promising method for large-scale environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 without the need for specialized equipment, highly trained personnel, and labor-intensive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Zhu
- Linde Laboratories, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xunyi Wu
- Linde Laboratories, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alan Gu
- Linde Laboratories, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Leopold Dobelle
- Linde Laboratories, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Clément
A. Cid
- Linde Laboratories, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Linde Laboratories, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- Linde Laboratories, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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6
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Improving Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles by Utilizing Nanomaterials. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:membranes12010055. [PMID: 35054584 PMCID: PMC8780510 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as the new form of cellular communication have been demonstrated their potential use for disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. EVs are vesicles with a lipid bilayer and are present in various biofluids, such as blood, saliva and urine. Therefore, EVs have emerged as one of the most appealing sources for the discovery of clinical biomarkers. However, isolation of the target EVs from different biofluids is required for the use of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic entities in clinical settings. Owing to their unique properties and versatile functionalities, nanomaterials have been widely investigated for EV isolation with the aim to provide rapid, simple, and efficient EV enrichment. Herein, this review presents the progress of nanomaterial-based isolations for EVs over the past five years (from 2017 to 2021) and discusses the use of nanomaterials for EV isolations based on the underlying mechanism in order to offer insights into the design of nanomaterials for EV isolations.
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7
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Gupta N, Liang YN, Chew JW, Hu X. Highly Robust Interfacially Polymerized PA Layer on Thermally Responsive Semi-IPN Hydrogel: Toward On-Demand Tuning of Porosity and Surface Charge. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60590-60601. [PMID: 34726903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel composites with skin layer that allows fast and selective rejection of molecules possess high potential for numerous applications, including sample preconcentration for point-of-use detection and analysis. The stimuli-responsive hydrogels are particularly promising due to facile regenerability. However, poor adhesion of the skin layer due to swelling-degree difference during continuous swelling/deswelling of the hydrogel hinders its further development. In this work, a polyamide skin layer with strong adhesion was fabricated via gel-liquid interfacial polymerization (GLIP) of branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on a cross-linked N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel network containing dispersed poly sodium acrylate (PSA), while the traditional m-phenylenediamine (MPD)-TMC polyamide layer readily delaminates. We investigated the mechanistic design principle, which not only resulted in strong anchoring of the polyamide layer to the hydrogel surface but also enabled manipulation of the surface morphology, porosity, and surface charge by tailoring interfacial reaction conditions. The polyamide/hydrogel composite was able to withstand 100 cycles of swelling/deswelling without any delamination or a significant decrease in its rejection performance of the model dye, i.e., methylene blue. Regeneration can be done by deswelling the swollen beads at 60 °C, which also releases any loosely bound molecules together with absorbed water. This work provides insights into the development of a physically and chemically robust skin layer on various types of hydrogels for applications such as preconcentration, antifouling-coating, selective compound extraction, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Gupta
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore
| | - Yen Nan Liang
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore
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8
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Chen W, Wang T, Dou Z, Xie X. Microalgae Harvesting by Self-Driven 3D Microfiltration with Rationally Designed Porous Superabsorbent Polymer (PSAP) Beads. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15446-15455. [PMID: 34739206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are emerging as next-generation renewable resources for production of sustainable biofuels and high-value bioproducts. Conventional microalgae harvesting methods including centrifugation, filtration, flocculation, and flotation are limited by intensive energy consumption, high capital cost, long treatment time, or the requirement of chemical addition. In this study, we design and fabricate porous superabsorbent polymer (PSAP) beads for self-driven 3D microfiltration of microalgal cultures. The PSAP beads can swell fast in a microalgal suspension with high water absorption capacity. During this process, microalgal cells are excluded outside the beads and successfully concentrated in the residual medium. After treatment, the beads can be easily separated from the microalgal concentrate and reused after dewatering. In one PSAP treatment, a high concentration factor for microalgal cultures up to 13 times can be achieved in 30 min with a harvesting efficiency higher than 90%. Furthermore, microalgal cultures could be concentrated from 0.2 g L-1 to higher than 120 g L-1 with minimal biomass loss through multistage PSAP treatments. Therefore, the use of PSAP beads for microalgae harvesting is fast, effective, and scalable. It does not require any complex instrument or chemical addition. This technique potentially provides an efficient and feasible alternative to obtain high concentrations of functional biomass at a very low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zeou Dou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xing Xie
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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9
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Chen W, Wang T, Dou Z, Xie X. Self-Driven Pretreatment and Room-Temperature Storage of Water Samples for Virus Detection Using Enhanced Porous Superabsorbent Polymer Beads. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14059-14068. [PMID: 34609845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of infectious viral diseases has become a major threat to public health. To quantify viruses, proper handling of water samples is required to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the testing results. In this study, we develop enhanced porous superabsorbent polymer (PSAP) beads to pretreat and store water samples for virus detection. By applying PSAP beads to collect water samples, the viruses are captured and encapsulated inside the beads while undesired components are excluded. We have successfully demonstrated that the shelf life of the model virus can be effectively extended at room temperature (22 °C) and an elevated temperature (35 °C). Both the infectivity level and genome abundance of the viruses are preserved even in a complex medium such as untreated wastewater. Under the tested conditions, the viral degradation rate constant can be reduced to more than 10 times using the PSAP beads. Therefore, the enhanced PSAP beads provide a low-cost and efficient sample pretreatment and storage method that is feasible and practical for large-scale surveillance of viral pathogens in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zeou Dou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xing Xie
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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10
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Venkatachalam D, Kaliappa S. Superabsorbent polymers: A state-of-art review on their classification, synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) and modified natural polymer hydrogels are widely and increasingly used in agriculture, health care textiles, effluent treatment, drug delivery, tissue engineering, civil concrete structure, etc. However, not many comprehensive reviews are available on this class of novel polymers. A review covering all the viable applications of SAP will be highly useful for researchers, industry persons, and medical, healthcare, and agricultural purposes. Hence, an attempt has been made to review SAPs with reference to their classifications, synthesis, modification by crosslinking, and physicochemical characterization such as morphology, swellability, thermal and mechanical properties, lifetime prediction, thermodynamics of swelling, absorption, release and transport kinetics, quantification of hydrophilic groups, etc. Besides, the possible methods of fine-tuning their structures for improving their absorption capacity, fast absorption kinetics, mechanical strength, controlled release features, etc. were also addressed to widen their uses. This review has also highlighted the biodegradability, commercial viability and market potential of SAPs, SAP composites, the feasibility of using biomass as raw materials for SAP production, etc. The challenges and future prospects of SAP, their safety, and environmental issues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanapal Venkatachalam
- Department of Chemistry , Bannari Amman Institute of Technology , Sathyamangalam , 638 401 , Erode Dt , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Subramanian Kaliappa
- Biopolymer and Biomaterial Synthesis and Analytical Testing Lab, Department of Biotechnology , Bannari Amman Institute of Technology , Sathyamangalam , 638 401 , Erode Dt , Tamil Nadu , India
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11
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Yang HC, Ham YM, Kim JA, Rhee WJ. Single-step equipment-free extracellular vesicle concentration using super absorbent polymer beads. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12074. [PMID: 33664938 PMCID: PMC7902527 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain useful biomarkers for disease diagnosis and are promising biomaterials for the delivery of therapeutic molecules in vivo. Accordingly, an efficient concentration method is necessary for large-scale production or high-throughput isolation of EVs from bulk liquid samples, including culture medium and body fluids, to achieve their clinical application. However, current EV concentration methods, including ultrafiltration, are limited with respect to cost, efficiency, and centrifugation time. In this study, we developed the first single-step, equipment-free EV concentration method using super absorbent polymer (SAP) beads. SAP beads absorb small molecules, including water, via nano-sized channels but expel and thereby concentrate EVs. Consequently, the beads drastically enrich EVs by reducing the solution volume in a single step, without affecting EV characteristics. Moreover, the purity of the concentrated EV solution was high due to the absorption of protein impurities by SAP beads. To further demonstrate the versatility of the method, we showed that SAP beads successfully enrich EVs in human urine samples and culture medium, enabling better isolation performance than conventional ultrafiltration. We believe the newly developed approach and insight gained in this study will facilitate the use of EVs as prominent biomaterials for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Cheol Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoo Min Ham
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationKorea Basic Science InstituteChungbukRepublic of Korea
- Department of Bio‐Analytical ScienceUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
- Division of BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
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12
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Chen W, Wang T, Dou Z, Xie X. Self-Driven "Microfiltration" Enabled by Porous Superabsorbent Polymer (PSAP) Beads for Biofluid Specimen Processing and Storage. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 2:1545-1554. [PMID: 33163968 PMCID: PMC7640703 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A remote collection of biofluid specimens such as blood and urine remains a great challenge due to the requirement of continuous refrigeration. Without proper temperature regulation, the rapid degradation of analytical targets in the specimen may compromise the accuracy and reliability of the testing results. In this study, we develop porous superabsorbent polymer (PSAP) beads for fast and self-driven "microfiltration" of biofluid samples. This treatment effectively separates small analytical targets (e.g., glucose, catalase, and bacteriophage) and large undesired components (e.g., bacteria and blood cells) in the biofluids by capturing the former inside and excluding the latter outside the PSAP beads. We have successfully demonstrated that this treatment can reduce sample volume, self-aliquot the liquid sample, avoid microbial contamination, separate plasma from blood cells, stabilize target species inside the beads, and enable long-term storage at room temperature. Potential practical applications of this technology can provide an alternative sample collection and storage approach for medically underserved areas.
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13
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Guo Y, Bae J, Fang Z, Li P, Zhao F, Yu G. Hydrogels and Hydrogel-Derived Materials for Energy and Water Sustainability. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7642-7707. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiwoong Bae
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Panpan Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Fei Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Wu X, Huang X, Zhu Y, Li J, Hoffmann MR. Synthesis and application of superabsorbent polymer microspheres for rapid concentration and quantification of microbial pathogens in ambient water. Sep Purif Technol 2020; 239:116540. [PMID: 32421015 PMCID: PMC7045201 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A portable, hand-pressed 3D-printed system with SAP microspheres was developed. This system could achieve efficient concentration of environmental microorganisms. Superior performance was achieved with varying ionic strengths in a short time. Optimized SAP microspheres could be reused 20 times with simple procedures.
Even though numerous methods have been developed for the detection and quantification of waterborne pathogens, the application of these methods is often hindered by the very low pathogen concentrations in natural waters. Therefore, rapid and efficient sample concentration methods are urgently needed. Here we present a novel method to pre-concentrate microbial pathogens in water using a portable 3D-printed system with super-absorbent polymer (SAP) microspheres, which can effectively reduce the actual volume of water in a collected sample. The SAP microspheres absorb water while excluding bacteria and viruses by size exclusion and charge repulsion. To improve the water absorption capacity of SAP in varying ionic strength waters (0–100 mM), we optimized the formulation of SAP to 180 g⋅L−1 Acrylamide, 75 g⋅L−1 Itaconic Acid and 4.0 g⋅L−1 Bis-Acrylamide for the highest ionic strength water as a function of the extent of cross-linking and the concentration of counter ions. Fluorescence microscopy and double-layer agar plating respectively showed that the 3D-printed system with optimally-designed SAP microspheres could rapidly achieve a 10-fold increase in the concentration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and bacteriophage MS2 within 20 min with concentration efficiencies of 87% and 96%, respectively. Fold changes between concentrated and original samples from qPCR and RT-qPCR results were found to be respectively 11.34–22.27 for E. coli with original concentrations from 104 to 106 cell·mL−1, and 8.20–13.81 for MS2 with original concentrations from 104 to 106 PFU·mL−1. Furthermore, SAP microspheres can be reused for 20 times without performance loss, significantly decreasing the cost of our concentration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyi Wu
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Xiao Huang
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Yanzhe Zhu
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
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15
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Balasubramanian V, Velappan B, Vijayan SK, Jabamani H, Nagarajan V, Victor JS, Ranganath SP, Badiger MV, Chinnaraj VK, Chellappa M. Studies on the use of sodium polyacrylate (SPA) for low-salt animal skin preservation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27100-27111. [PMID: 31317432 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salt-based preservation is practiced for decades in the leather industry because of its versatility, cost-effectiveness, and availability. The salt removed from the soaking process causes significant pollution including organic and elevated total dissolved solids (TDS). Hence, a low-salt skin preservation method using commercial sodium polyacrylate with a reduced quantity of sodium chloride aiming to retain leather properties and pollution reduction was the principal focus of the study. Commercial sodium polyacrylate initially characterized for water absorption capacity along with structural and functional properties is confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopic techniques. In preliminary experiments, the process parameters attained optimized conditions of sodium polyacrylate (SPA) quantity (5%), a minimal amount of salt (15%), and contact time (4 h) required for skin preservation. Besides, reusability studies after SPA recovery (95%) were applied to skins with an optimized quantity of SPA and salt subsequently stored for 15 days along with control (40% salt). The results revealed that SPA with low salt aided an adequate curing efficiency with a substantial reduction (> 65%) of TDS and comparable physical and organoleptic properties on par with the conventional method. Overall, SPA supported low-salt skin preservation reduces pollutant load (TDS) caused due to using of 40% sodium chloride in the conventional curing process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brindha Velappan
- Chemical Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India
| | - Sandhya Kurvilla Vijayan
- Chemical Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India
| | - Hepzibah Jabamani
- Chemical Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India
| | - Vedaraman Nagarajan
- Chemical Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India.
| | - John Sundar Victor
- Leather Processing Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Suresha P Ranganath
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Manohar V Badiger
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | | | - Muralidharan Chellappa
- Leather Processing Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
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16
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Kimani MK, Loo R, Goluch ED. Biosample Concentration Using Microscale Forward Osmosis with Electrochemical Monitoring. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7487-7494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin K. Kimani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rachel Loo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Edgar D. Goluch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Biology, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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17
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Wei C, Huang Y, Liao Q, Fu Q, Xia A, Sun Y. The kinetics of the polyacrylic superabsorbent polymers swelling in microalgae suspension to concentrate cells density. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:713-719. [PMID: 29091857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Different from current harvesting methods, the aim of this study was to concentrate microalgae by removing the medium with polyacrylic superabsorbent polymers (PSAPs). This method can concentrate freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. at a relatively high biomass concentration of 90.23 g L-1. Without further dewatering, the concentrated microalgae can be directly used to produce biofuels by oil extraction or fermentation. The kinetic characteristics of PSAPs swelling in different solutions were investigated. The results indicate that the negative influence on absorbency caused by ionic strength was greater than microalgae concentration. Compared with the diffusion part, water absorbed by the relaxation of PSAPs was dominant and accounted for over 97%. Equilibrium absorbed water equations under different microalgae concentration were fitted and could provide guide to quantifiably concentrate microalgae. Increasing temperature decreased the absorbency of PSAPs, while, the absorption and desorption rate were increased. Moreover, the absorbency remained at 91.45% after recycling three times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yahui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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18
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Bang G, Kim YH, Yoon J, Yu YJ, Chung S, Kim JA. On-Chip Lipid Extraction Using Superabsorbent Polymers for Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13365-13373. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geul Bang
- Biomedical
Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Biomedical
Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyo Yoon
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Yu
- Biomedical
Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Program
in Micro/Nano System, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST
Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Biomedical
Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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19
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Sweijen T, van Duijn C, Hassanizadeh S. A model for diffusion of water into a swelling particle with a free boundary: Application to a super absorbent polymer particle. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Urmann K, Arshavsky-Graham S, Walter JG, Scheper T, Segal E. Whole-cell detection of live lactobacillus acidophilus on aptamer-decorated porous silicon biosensors. Analyst 2016; 141:5432-40. [PMID: 27381045 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00810k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design of optical aptamer-based porous silicon (PSi) biosensors for the direct capture of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Aptamers are oligonucleotides (single-stranded DNA or RNA) that can bind their targets with high affinity and specificity, making them excellent recognition elements for biosensing applications. Herein, aptamer Hemag1P, which specifically targets the important probiotic L. acidophilus, was utilized for direct bacteria capture onto oxidized PSi Fabry-Pérot thin films. Monitoring changes in the reflectivity spectrum (using reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy) allows for bacteria detection in a label-free, simple and rapid manner. The performance of the biosensor was optimized by tuning the PSi nanostructure, its optical properties, as well as the immobilization density of the aptamer. We demonstrate the high selectivity and specificity of this simple "direct-capture" biosensing scheme and show its ability to distinguish between live and dead bacteria. The resulting biosensor presents a robust and rapid method for the specific detection of live L. acidophilus at concentrations relevant for probiotic products and as low as 10(6) cells per mL. Rapid monitoring of probiotic bacteria is crucial for quality, purity and safety control as the use of probiotics in functional foods and pharmaceuticals is becoming increasingly popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urmann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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