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Chow BJ, Lee IXY, Liu C, Liu YC. Potential therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors on corneal diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10142. [PMID: 38993197 PMCID: PMC11238193 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea is an avascular tissue in the eye that has multiple functions in the eye to maintain clear vision which can significantly impair one's vision when subjected to damage. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a family of nuclear receptor proteins comprising three different peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, namely, PPAR alpha (α), PPAR gamma (γ), and PPAR delta (δ), have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for treating corneal diseases. In this review, we summarised the current literature on the therapeutic effects of PPAR agents on corneal diseases. We discussed the role of PPARs in the modulation of corneal wound healing, suppression of corneal inflammation, neovascularisation, fibrosis, stimulation of corneal nerve regeneration, and amelioration of dry eye by inhibiting oxidative stress within the cornea. We also discussed the underlying mechanisms of these therapeutic effects. Future clinical trials are warranted to further attest to the clinical therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jie Chow
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Xin Yu Lee
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Lim RR, Mahaling B, Tan A, Mehta M, Kaur C, Hunziker W, Kim JE, Barathi VA, Ghosh A, Chaurasia SS. ITF2357 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway to protect barrier integrity in retinal pigment epithelial cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23512. [PMID: 38430220 PMCID: PMC11019659 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301592r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The robust integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which contributes to the outer brain retina barrier (oBRB), is compromised in several retinal degenerative and vascular disorders, including diabetic macular edema (DME). This study evaluates the role of a new generation of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), ITF2357, in regulating outer blood-retinal barrier function and investigates the underlying mechanism of action in inhibiting TNFα-induced damage to RPE integrity. Using the immortalized RPE cell line (ARPE-19), ITF2357 was found to be non-toxic between 50 nM and 5 μM concentrations. When applied as a pre-treatment in conjunction with an inflammatory cytokine, TNFα, the HDACi was safe and effective in preventing epithelial permeability by fortifying tight junction (ZO-1, -2, -3, occludin, claudin-1, -2, -3, -5, -19) and adherens junction (E-cadherin, Nectin-1) protein expression post-TNFα stress. Mechanistically, ITF2357 depicted a late action at 24 h via attenuating IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and ameliorated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1. Also, ITF2357 delayed IκBα synthesis and turnover. The use of Bay 11-7082 and MG132 further uncovered a possible role for ITF2357 in non-canonical NF-κB activation. Overall, this study revealed the protection effects of ITF2357 by regulating the turnover of tight and adherens junction proteins and modulating NF-κB signaling pathway in the presence of an inflammatory stressor, making it a potential therapeutic application for retinal vascular diseases such as DME with compromised outer blood-retinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne R. Lim
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Binapani Mahaling
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alison Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Milan Mehta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Judy E. Kim
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | | | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Sinha NR, Tripathi R, Balne PK, Suleiman L, Simkins K, Chaurasia SS, Mohan RR. Mustard Gas Exposure Actuates SMAD2/3 Signaling to Promote Myofibroblast Generation in the Cornea. Cells 2023; 12:1533. [PMID: 37296653 PMCID: PMC10252656 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard gas (SM) is a vesicating and alkylating agent used as a chemical weapon in many mass-casualty incidents since World War I. Ocular injuries were reported in >90% of exposed victims. The mechanisms underlying SM-induced blindness remain elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that SM-induced corneal fibrosis occurs due to the generation of myofibroblasts from resident fibroblasts via the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway in rabbit eyes in vivo and primary human corneal fibroblasts (hCSFs) isolated from donor corneas in vitro. Fifty-four New Zealand White Rabbits were divided into three groups (Naïve, Vehicle, SM-Vapor treated). The SM-Vapor group was exposed to SM at 200 mg-min/m3 for 8 min at the MRI Global facility. Rabbit corneas were collected on day 3, day 7, and day 14 for immunohistochemistry, RNA, and protein lysates. SM caused a significant increase in SMAD2/3, pSMAD, and ɑSMA expression on day 3, day 7, and day 14 in rabbit corneas. For mechanistic studies, hCSFs were treated with nitrogen mustard (NM) or NM + SIS3 (SMAD3-specific inhibitor) and collected at 30 m, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. NM significantly increased TGFβ, pSMAD3, and SMAD2/3 levels. On the contrary, inhibition of SMAD2/3 signaling by SIS3 treatment significantly reduced SMAD2/3, pSMAD3, and ɑSMA expression in hCSFs. We conclude that SMAD2/3 signaling appears to play a vital role in myofibroblast formation in the cornea following mustard gas exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant R. Sinha
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ratnakar Tripathi
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Praveen K. Balne
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Laila Suleiman
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Katherine Simkins
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Yin P, Xue Y. CircRNA hsa_circ_0006859 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and aggravates osteoporosis by targeting miR-642b-5p/miR-483-3p and upregulating EFNA2/DOCK3. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109844. [PMID: 36764273 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hsa_circ_0006859 has been found as a possible biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) with an effect on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify dysregulated RNAs involved in osteoporosis based on public datasets. Function assays were used to determine the functions of hsa_circ_0006859 on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. It was found that hsa_circ_0006859 was upregulated in OVX mice-derived BMSCs, but lowly expressed during osteogenic differentiation. Overexpressing hsa_circ_0006859 inhibited the cell proliferation and osteogenesis of BMSCs and hFOB 1.19 cells, vice versa. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was used to induce PMOP in mice. The interactions among circ_0006859, miR-642b-5p/miR-483-3p, and EFNA2/DOCK3 were determined using the RIP assay. Silencing circ_0006859 relieved PMOP in mice. Mechanistically, circ_0006859 bound to miR-642b-5p/miR-483-3p directly, while miR-642b-5p and miR-483-3p respectively targeted EFNA2 and DOCK3. Hsa_circ_0006859 downregulated the expression of miR-642b-5p/miR-483-3p to upregulate EFNA2/DOCK3. Additionally, miR-642b-5p/miR-483-3p targeted EFNA2/DOCK3 to inhibit BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and facilitate osteoporosis progression by inactivating the Wnt signaling. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0006859 is involved in PMOP by targeting miR-642b-5p/EFNA2 and miR-483-3p/DOCK3 axes to maintain the Wnt-signaling pathway, which may be a novel possible therapeutic targets and biomarkers for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China.
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China.
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5
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Yang GN, Roberts PK, Gardner-Russell J, Shah MH, Couper TA, Zhu Z, Pollock GA, Dusting GJ, Daniell M. From bench to clinic: Emerging therapies for corneal scarring. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108349. [PMID: 36682466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Corneal diseases are one of the leading causes of moderate-to-severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, after glaucoma, cataract, and retinal disease in overall importance. Given its tendency to affect people at a younger age than other blinding conditions such as cataract and glaucoma, corneal scarring poses a huge burden both on the individuals and society. Furthermore, corneal scarring and fibrosis disproportionately affects people in poorer and remote areas, making it a significant ophthalmic public health problem. Traditional medical strategies, such as topical corticosteroids, are not effective in preventing fibrosis or scars. Corneal transplantation, the only effective sight-restoring treatment for corneal scars, is curbed by challenges including a severe shortage of tissue, graft rejection, secondary conditions, cultural barriers, the lack of well-trained surgeons, operating rooms, and well-equipped infrastructures. Thanks to tremendous research efforts, emerging therapeutic options including gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy and novel molecules are in development to prevent the progression of corneal scarring and compliment the surgical options currently available for treating established corneal scars in clinics. In this article, we summarise the most relevant preclinical and clinical studies on emerging therapies for corneal scarring in recent years, showing how these approaches may prevent scarring in its early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gink N Yang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia.
| | - Philippe Ke Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jesse Gardner-Russell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Manisha H Shah
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Terry A Couper
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; Lions Eye Donation Service, level 7, Smorgon Family Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Graeme A Pollock
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; Lions Eye Donation Service, level 7, Smorgon Family Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Mark Daniell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; Lions Eye Donation Service, level 7, Smorgon Family Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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6
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Sciriha GG, Sultana J, Borg J. Identifying and categorizing compounds that reduce corneal transforming growth factor beta induced protein levels: a scoping review. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1423-1442. [PMID: 36308770 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) gene mutations have been reported as the cause of a group of genetically inherited, visually debilitating, corneal dystrophies (CD). A scoping literature review to identify and categorize compounds that inhibit corneal TGFBI expression and/or promote TGFBIp degradation was performed. Emphasis was given to their potential to be used as a cost-effective approach via drug repurposing. AREAS COVERED We performed a thorough search of original peer-reviewed literature using electronic bibliographic databases and selected articles according to a set of criteria. The total number of articles retrieved from the search terms applied to the databases was 2344. The number of relevant full-text articles included added up to 19. We identified 16 compounds that can theoretically reduce the levels of mutant TGFBIp in human corneal cells. EXPERT OPINION Currently, the only temporary treatments available for this condition are lubricant drops and surgery. Here, we explored the crosstalk between cascades that regulate TGFBI expression and identified compounds that target these pathways. Compounds that inhibit DNA synthesis and function, increase elimination of TGFBIp or bind to mutant TGFBIp were also explored with the aim of highlighting promising compounds that can be used in future cost-effective drug-repurposing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet Sultana
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter UK
| | - Joseph Borg
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Gupta S, Fink MK, Kempuraj D, Sinha NR, Martin LM, Keele LM, Sinha PR, Giuliano EA, Hesemann NP, Raikwar SP, Chaurasia SS, Mohan RR. Corneal fibrosis abrogation by a localized AAV-mediated inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) gene therapy in rabbit eyes in vivo. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3257-3269. [PMID: 35780298 PMCID: PMC9552811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we found that inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) gene, a transcriptional repressor, efficiently inhibits corneal keratocyte differentiation to myofibroblasts in vitro. This study evaluated the potential of adeno-associated virus 5 (AAV5)-mediated Id3 gene therapy to treat corneal scarring using an established rabbit in vivo disease model. Corneal scarring/fibrosis in rabbit eyes was induced by alkali trauma, and 24 h thereafter corneas were administered with either balanced salt solution AAV5-naked vector, or AAV5-Id3 vector (n = 6/group) via an optimized reported method. Therapeutic effects of AAV5-Id3 gene therapy on corneal pathology and ocular health were evaluated with clinical, histological, and molecular techniques. Localized AAV5-Id3 gene therapy significantly inhibited corneal fibrosis/haze clinically from 2.7 to 0.7 on the Fantes scale in live animals (AAV5-naked versus AAV5-Id3; p < 0.001). Furthermore, AAV5-Id3 treatment significantly reduced profibrotic gene mRNA levels: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (2.8-fold; p < 0.001), fibronectin (3.2-fold; p < 0.001), collagen I (0.8-fold; p < 0.001), and collagen III (1.4-fold; p < 0.001), as well as protein levels of α-SMA (23.8%; p < 0.001) and collagens (1.8-fold; p < 0.001). The anti-fibrotic activity of AAV5-Id3 is attributed to reduced myofibroblast formation by disrupting the binding of E-box proteins to the promoter of α-SMA, a transforming growth factor-β signaling downstream target gene. In conclusion, these results indicate that localized AAV5-Id3 delivery in stroma caused no clinically relevant ocular symptoms or corneal cellular toxicity in the rabbit eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael K Fink
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lynn M Martin
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Landon M Keele
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Prashant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Giuliano
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nathan P Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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BMP3 inhibits TGFβ2-mediated myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing of the embryonic cornea. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:36. [PMID: 35879352 PMCID: PMC9314337 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Often acute damage to the cornea initiates drastic tissue remodeling, resulting in fibrotic scarring that disrupts light transmission and precedes vision impairment. Very little is known about the factors that can mitigate fibrosis and promote scar-free cornea wound healing. We previously described transient myofibroblast differentiation during non-fibrotic repair in an embryonic cornea injury model. Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanistic regulation of myofibroblast differentiation during embryonic cornea wound healing. We found that alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive myofibroblasts are superficial and their presence inversely correlates with wound closure. Expression of TGFβ2 and nuclear localization of pSMAD2 were elevated during myofibroblast induction. BMP3 and BMP7 were localized in the corneal epithelium and corresponded with pSMAD1/5/8 activation and absence of myofibroblasts in the healing stroma. In vitro analyses with corneal fibroblasts revealed that BMP3 inhibits the persistence of TGFβ2-induced myofibroblasts by promoting disassembly of focal adhesions and αSMA fibers. This was confirmed by the expression of vinculin and pFAK. Together, these data highlight a mechanism to inhibit myofibroblast persistence during cornea wound repair.
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9
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Corneal stromal repair and regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Fuchs AA, Balne PK, Giuliano EA, Sinha NR, Mohan RR. Evaluation of a novel combination of TRAM-34 and ascorbic acid for the treatment of corneal fibrosis in vivo. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262046. [PMID: 35007294 PMCID: PMC8746773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal injury and aberrant wound healing commonly result in corneal fibrosis and subsequent vision loss. Intermediate-conductance calmodulin/calcium-activated K+ channels (KCa3.1) have been shown to promote fibrosis in non-ocular and ocular tissues via upregulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). TRAM-34 is a selective inhibitor of KCa3.1 and reduces fibrosis by downregulation of TGFβ-induced transdifferentiation of stromal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Ascorbic acid has been demonstrated to be effective in promoting corneal re-epithelialization and reduction of neovascularization via anti-VEGF and anti-MMP mechanisms. This study evaluates tolerability and efficacy of a novel combination of TRAM-34 (25μM) and ascorbic acid (10%) topical treatment for corneal fibrosis using an established in vivo rabbit model and conducting clinical eye examinations. Markers of corneal fibrosis were evaluated in all corneas at study endpoint via histopathology, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time PCR. The eyedrop treated eyes showed significantly improved clinical outcomes based on modified McDonald Shadduck scores, reduction of clinical haze on Fantes scores, and reduction of central corneal thickness (CCT). At cellular and molecular levels, eyedrop treatment also significantly reduced expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA and protein, collagen III mRNA, and fibronectin mRNA compared to non-treated eyes. Our study suggests that a tested new bimodal eyedrop is well tolerated and effectively reduces corneal fibrosis/haze in rabbits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A. Fuchs
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Praveen K. Balne
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Giuliano
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nishant R. Sinha
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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11
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Yang LWY, Mehta JS, Liu YC. Corneal neuromediator profiles following laser refractive surgery. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2177-2183. [PMID: 33818490 PMCID: PMC8354117 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser refractive surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide. In laser refractive surgery, Femtosecond Laser in Situ Keratomileusis and Refractive Lenticule Extraction have emerged as promising alternatives to microkeratome Laser in Situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy. Following laser refractive surgery, the corneal nerves, epithelial and stromal cells release neuromediators, including neurotrophins, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. Notably, nerve growth factor, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and various cytokines are important mediators of neurogenic inflammation and corneal nerve regeneration. Alterations in neuromediator profiles and ocular surface parameters following laser refractive surgery are attributed to the surgical techniques and the severity of tissue insult induced. In this review, we will discuss the (1) Functions of neuromediators and their physiological and clinical significance; (2) Changes in the neuromediators following various laser refractive surgeries; (3) Correlation between neuromediators, ocular surface health and corneal nerve status; and (4) Future directions, including the use of neuromediators as potential biomarkers for ocular surface health following laser refractive surgery, and as adjuncts to aid in corneal regeneration after laser refractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Wei Yun Yang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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12
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Chin JY, Lin MTY, Lee IXY, Mehta JS, Liu YC. Tear Neuromediator and Corneal Denervation Following SMILE. J Refract Surg 2021; 37:516-523. [PMID: 34388069 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20210423-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the changes in tear neuromediators and corneal subbasal nerve plexus following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and to study its association with different refractive power of corrections. METHODS Thirty patients were included for tear neuromediator analysis (40 eyes) and corneal nerve analysis using in vivo confocal microscopy scans (20 eyes). Tear samples were collected preoperatively and 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and analyzed for the substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and nerve growth factor (NGF) concentrations using the enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) decreased significantly postoperatively, then gradually increased from 3 months onward, but did not recover to the baseline levels at 12 months. Tear substance P and CGRP levels remained stable over 12 months. Tear NGF levels demonstrated a small peak at 1 week before decreasing significantly compared to preoperative levels at 6 months (P = .03) and 12 months (P = .007). The 1-month reduction in CNFL, tear substance P, and CGRP concentrations were significantly correlated with the corrected spherical equivalent (SE) (r = 0.71 for CNFL; r = -0.33 to -0.52 at different time points for substance P and CGRP, respectively, all P < .05). Compared to the low to moderate myopia group, the high myopia group (corrected SE greater than -6.00 diopters) had a significantly greater decrease in CNFD, significantly higher tear substance P concentrations at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months, and significantly higher tear CGRP concentrations at 1 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insight into the neurobiological responses and their potential implications in corneal nerve damage and recovery after SMILE. High myopia treatment was associated with greater corneal denervation and neuroinflammation. [J Refract Surg. 2021;37(8):516-523.].
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13
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Ke L, Wu QYS, Zhang N, Liu HW, Teo EPW, Mehta JS, Liu YC. Ex vivo sensing and imaging of corneal scar tissues using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119667. [PMID: 33773432 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed terahertz (THz) broadband spectroscopy and imaging were applied to investigate ex vivo rabbit corneal scar tissues. Scars with different depths and densities were created by laser ablation on four corneal samples while two corneal samples untouched were used as control. The THz time-domain spectroscopy and reconstructed images illustrated the scar tissue density and gave out depth variation distribution profiles. Calculated absorption coefficient spectra displayed extra absorption peaks compared with control corneas and refractive index spectra showed the optical properties changed at the corneal scar locations. THz spectroscopy and imaging demonstrated adequate contrast in reviewing the scar densities and locations and showed potential applications in depicting spatial distribution and composition changes of corneal scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ke
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
| | - Qing Yang Steve Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Hong Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab on Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | | | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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14
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Mody AA, Millar JC, Clark AF. ID1 and ID3 are Negative Regulators of TGFβ2-Induced Ocular Hypertension and Compromised Aqueous Humor Outflow Facility in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 33938911 PMCID: PMC8107646 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In POAG, elevated IOP remains the major risk factor in irreversible vision loss. Increased TGFβ2 expression in POAG aqueous humor and in the trabecular meshwork (TM) amplifies extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and reduces ECM turnover in the TM, leading to a decreased aqueous humor (AH) outflow facility and increased IOP. Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (ID1 and ID3) inhibit TGFβ2-induced fibronectin and PAI-1 production in TM cells. We examined the effects of ID1 and ID3 gene expression on TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension and decreased AH outflow facility in living mouse eyes. Methods IOP and AH outflow facility changes were determined using a mouse model of Ad5-hTGFβ2C226S/C288S-induced ocular hypertension. The physiological function of ID1 and ID3 genes were evaluated using Ad5 viral vectors to enhance or knockdown ID1/ID3 gene expression in the TM of BALB/cJ mice. IOP was measured in conscious mice using a Tonolab impact tonometer. AH outflow facilities were determined by constant flow infusion in live mice. Results Over-expressing ID1 and ID3 significantly blocked TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension (P < 0.0001). Although AH outflow facility was significantly decreased in TGFβ2-transduced eyes (P < 0.04), normal outflow facility was preserved in eyes injected concurrently with ID1 or ID3 along with TGFβ2. Knockdown of ID1 or ID3 expression exacerbated TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension. Conclusions Increased expression of ID1 and ID3 suppressed both TGFβ2-elevated IOP and decreased AH outflow facility. ID1 and/or ID3 proteins thus may show promise as future candidates as IOP-lowering targets in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani A Mody
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - J Cameron Millar
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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15
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Liu YC, Yam GHF, Lin MTY, Teo E, Koh SK, Deng L, Zhou L, Tong L, Mehta JS. Comparison of tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles changes between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). J Adv Res 2021; 29:67-81. [PMID: 33842006 PMCID: PMC8020296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The tear proteomics and neuromediators are associated with clinical dry eye parameters following refractive surgery. Purpose To investigate and compare the tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods In this randomized controlled trial with paired-eye design, 70 patients were randomized to receive SMILE in one eye and LASIK in the other eye. Tear samples were collected preoperatively, and 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and were examined for protein concentration changes using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). The data were analyzed with DAVID Bioinformatics Resources for enriched gene ontology terms and over-represented pathways. Tear neuromediators levels were correlated with clinical parameters. Results Post-SMILE eyes had significantly better Oxford staining scores and tear break-up time (TBUT) than post-LASIK eyes at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Tear substance P and nerve growth factor levels were significantly higher in the LASIK group for 3 months and 1 year, respectively. SMILE and LASIK shared some similar biological responses postoperatively, but there was significant up-regulation in leukocyte migration and wound healing at 1 week, humoral immune response and apoptosis at 1 month, negative regulation of endopeptidase activity at 3 to 6 months, and extracellular structure organization at 1 year in the post-LASIK eyes. Tear mucin-like protein 1 and substance P levels were significantly correlated with TBUT (r = -0.47, r = -0.49, respectively). Conclusion Significant differences in the tear neuromediators and proteomics were observed between SMILE and LASIK, even though clinical dry eye signs have subsided and became comparable between 2 procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Molly Tzu-Yu Lin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ericia Teo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Siew-Kwan Koh
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Surface Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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16
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Liu YC, Lin MTY, Ng AHC, Wong TT, Mehta JS. Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctival Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E351. [PMID: 33138064 PMCID: PMC7694068 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common external eye diseases and the prevalence has been increasing. The mainstay of treatment is topical eye drops. However, low bioavailability, low ocular drug penetration, transient resident time on the ocular surface due to tear turnover, frequent topical applications and dependence on patient compliance, are the main drawbacks associated with topical administration. Nanotechnology-based medicine has emerged to circumvent these limitations, by encapsulating the drugs and preventing them from degradation and therefore providing sustained and controlled release. Using a nanotechnology-based approach to load the drug is particularly useful for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs such as immunomodulatory agents, which are commonly used in allergic conjunctival diseases. In this review, different nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including nanoemulsions, liposomes, nanomicelles, nanosuspension, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, and their potential ophthalmic applications, as well as advantages and disadvantages, are discussed. We also summarize the results of present studies on the loading of immunomodulators or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to nano-scaled drug delivery systems. For future potential clinical use, research should focus on the optimization of drug delivery designs that provide adequate and effective doses with safe and satisfactory pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-toxic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.-C.L.); (M.T.-Y.L.)
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore;
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Molly Tzu-Yu Lin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.-C.L.); (M.T.-Y.L.)
| | - Anthony Herr Cheun Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Tina T. Wong
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore;
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.-C.L.); (M.T.-Y.L.)
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore;
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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17
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Fu X, Wang W, Li X, Gao Y, Li H, Shen Y. The effect of trace elements on BMP-2, BMP-7 and STRO-1 + cells in hip replacement. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1352-1362. [PMID: 32346345 PMCID: PMC7182999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the correlation between the trace elements in the proximal femur and BMP-2, BMP-7 and STRO-1+ cells in hip replacement, and analyze the therapeutic effect of prosthesis loosening in clinic. Fifty-one patients undergone the first hip replacement in xxx hospital from August 2016 to August 2019 were selected as the study subjects, including 26 females and 25 males, aged 52-89 years. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured in vitro for flow cytometry, and the string-1+ in BMSCs was detected and analyzed. After that, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) in the cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of trace elements in the supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay, and the collected data were analyzed statistically. In the analysis of the content of trace elements, it was found that the correlation between trace elements was dependent on the separation area, and all trace elements had no correlation with BMP2. Ca2+, Mg2+ were correlated with the level of BMP7 and Ca2+, VD3 was correlated with the percentage of STOR-1+ cells. Further analysis showed that the correlation between trace elements was dependent on bone mineral density (BMD) area, and there was a positive correlation between vitamin D3 (VD3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), zinc, and BMD in zone 7. To sum up, it is found that trace elements may be related to prosthesis loosening, which provides experimental basis for the treatment of prosthesis loosening later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomiao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjian Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Kinetics of Tear Fluid Proteins after Endothelial Keratoplasty and Predictive Factors for Recovery from Corneal Haze. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010063. [PMID: 31888042 PMCID: PMC7019256 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is less invasive with faster recovery as compared to conventional penetrating keratoplasty, however, it relies on the clarity of the host corneal stroma. Corneal transplantation involves the induction of immune tolerance for allogeneic tissues as well as the corneal wound healing process, in which coordinated interactions between cytokines and growth factors are critical. In this study, we profiled the expression of 51 soluble factors in the tear fluid over the course of EK and have provided evidence of dynamic changes in cytokine expression in the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes. Cluster analyses classified the cytokine expression kinetics into five groups. Group 1 proteins included TGF-b1, IL-1b, and innate proinflammatory cytokines, which bilaterally increased after surgery, despite the use of topical corticosteroid in the transplanted eyes. Local corticosteroids suppressed cytokines involved in adaptive immunity in the transplanted eyes but not in the contralateral eyes. We found tear protein expression at baseline and one week post-surgery to be a potential predictive biomarker of delayed recovery after EK in terms of the corneal haze and visual acuity. Furthermore, Group 1 tear proteins were most associated with persistent corneal haze pre-surgery as well as visual acuity at one month-post transplant.
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19
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Zou GL, Zuo S, Lu S, Hu RH, Lu YY, Yang J, Deng KS, Wu YT, Mu M, Zhu JJ, Zeng JZ, Zhang BF, Wu X, Zhao XK, Li HY. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 represses hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis via regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4222-4234. [PMID: 31435175 PMCID: PMC6700693 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a refractory disease whose persistence can eventually induce cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Early liver fibrosis is reversible by intervention. As a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) has anti-liver fibrosis functions. However, little is known about BMP7 expression changes and its potential regulatory mechanism as well as the relationship between BMP7 and TGF-β during liver fibrosis. In addition, the mechanism underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7 needs to be further explored.
AIM To investigate changes in the dynamic expression of BMP7 during liver fibrosis, interactions between BMP7 and TGF-β1, and possible mechanisms underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7.
METHODS Changes in BMP7 expression during liver fibrosis and the interaction between BMP7 and TGF-β1 in mice were observed. Exogenous BMP7 was used to treat mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to observe its effect on activation, migration, and proliferation of HSCs and explore the possible mechanism underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7. Mice with liver fibrosis received exogenous BMP7 intervention to observe improvement of liver fibrosis by using Masson’s trichrome staining and detecting the expression of the HSC activation indicator alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the collagen formation associated protein type I collagen (Col I). Changes in the dynamic expression of BMP7 during liver fibrosis in the human body were further observed.
RESULTS In the process of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice, BMP7 protein expression first increased, followed by a decrease; there was a similar trend in the human body. This process was accompanied by a sustained increase in TGF-β1 protein expression. In vitro experiment results showed that TGF-β1 inhibited BMP7 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In contrast, high doses of exogenous BMP7 inhibited TGF-β1-induced activation, migration, and proliferation of HSCs; this inhibitory effect was associated with upregulation of pSmad1/5/8 and downregulation of phosphorylation of Smad3 and p38 by BMP7. In vivo experiment results showed that exogenous BMP7 improved liver fibrosis in mice.
CONCLUSION During liver fibrosis, BMP7 protein expression first increases and then decreases. This changing trend is associated with inhibition of BMP7 expression by sustained upregulation of TGF-β1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Exogenous BMP7 could selectively regulate TGF-β/Smad pathway-associated factors to inhibit activation, migration, and proliferation of HSCs and exert anti-liver fibrosis functions. Exogenous BMP7 has the potential to be used as an anti-liver fibrosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Liang Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui-Han Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ye-Ting Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mao Mu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Zhang Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bao-Fang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hai-Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
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Effect of Transcriptional Regulator ID3 on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Int J Vasc Med 2019; 2019:2123906. [PMID: 31380118 PMCID: PMC6657613 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2123906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can be discovered in patients who have a loss of function mutation of activin A receptor-like type 1 (ACVRL1) gene, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 1 receptor. Additionally, ACVRL1 mutations can lead to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber disease, an autosomal dominant inherited disease that results in mucocutaneous telangiectasia and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Transcriptional regulator Inhibitor of DNA-Binding/Differentiation-3 (ID3) has been demonstrated to be involved in both PAH and HTT; however, the role of its overlapping molecular mechanistic effects has yet to be seen. This review will focus on the existing understanding of how ID3 may contribute to molecular involvement and perturbations thus altering both PAH and HHT outcomes. Improved understanding of how ID3 mediates these pathways will likely provide knowledge in the inhibition and regulation of these diseases through targeted therapies.
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21
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Fenner BJ, Liu YC, Koh SK, Gao Y, Deng L, Beuerman RW, Zhou L, Theng JTS, Mehta JS. Mediators of Corneal Haze Following Implantation of Presbyopic Corneal Inlays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:868-876. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beau J. Fenner
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Yan Gao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Neuroscience Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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22
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Gupta S, Fink MK, Ghosh A, Tripathi R, Sinha PR, Sharma A, Hesemann NP, Chaurasia SS, Giuliano EA, Mohan RR. Novel Combination BMP7 and HGF Gene Therapy Instigates Selective Myofibroblast Apoptosis and Reduces Corneal Haze In Vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:1045-1057. [PMID: 29490341 PMCID: PMC5822743 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We tested the potential of bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) combination gene therapy to treat preformed corneal fibrosis using established rabbit in vivo and human in vitro models. Methods Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits were used. Corneal fibrosis was produced by alkali injury. Twenty-four hours after scar formation, cornea received topically either balanced salt solution (BSS; n = 6), polyethylenimine-conjugated gold nanoparticle (PEI2-GNP)-naked plasmid (n = 6) or PEI2-GNP plasmids expressing BMP7 and HGF genes (n = 6). Donor human corneas were used to obtain primary human corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts for mechanistic studies. Gene therapy effects on corneal fibrosis and ocular safety were evaluated by slit-lamp microscope, stereo microscopes, quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, modified MacDonald-Shadduck scoring system, and Draize tests. Results PEI2-GNP–mediated BMP7+HGF gene therapy significantly decreased corneal fibrosis in live rabbits in vivo (Fantes scale was 0.6 in BMP7+HGF-treated eyes compared to 3.3 in −therapy group; P < 0.001). Corneas that received BMP7+HGF demonstrated significantly reduced mRNA levels of profibrotic genes: α-SMA (3.2-fold; P < 0.01), fibronectin (2.3-fold, P < 0.01), collagen I (2.1-fold, P < 0.01), collagen III (1.6-fold, P < 0.01), and collagen IV (1.9-fold, P < 0.01) compared to the −therapy corneas. Furthermore, BMP7+HGF-treated corneas showed significantly fewer myofibroblasts compared to the −therapy controls (83%; P < 0.001). The PEI2-GNP introduced >104 gene copies per microgram DNA of BMP7 and HGF genes. The recombinant HGF rendered apoptosis in corneal myofibroblasts but not in fibroblasts. Localized topical BMP7+HGF therapy showed no ocular toxicity. Conclusions Localized topical BMP7+HGF gene therapy treats corneal fibrosis and restores transparency in vivo mitigating excessive healing and rendering selective apoptosis in myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Michael K Fink
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Ratnakar Tripathi
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Prashant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Nathan P Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Giuliano
- One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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23
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Milan M, Pace V, Maiullari F, Chirivì M, Baci D, Maiullari S, Madaro L, Maccari S, Stati T, Marano G, Frati G, Puri PL, De Falco E, Bearzi C, Rizzi R. Givinostat reduces adverse cardiac remodeling through regulating fibroblasts activation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:108. [PMID: 29371598 PMCID: PMC5833837 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major burden on the healthcare system: indeed, over two million new cases are diagnosed every year worldwide. Unfortunately, important drawbacks for the treatment of these patients derive from our current inability to stop the structural alterations that lead to heart failure, the common endpoint of many CVDs. In this scenario, a better understanding of the role of epigenetics – hereditable changes of chromatin that do not alter the DNA sequence itself – is warranted. To date, hyperacetylation of histones has been reported in hypertension and myocardial infarction, but the use of inhibitors for treating CVDs remains limited. Here, we studied the effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Givinostat on a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. We found that it contributes to decrease endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation, reducing cardiac fibrosis and improving heart performance and protecting the blood vessels from apoptosis through the modulatory effect of cardiac fibroblasts on endothelial cells. Therefore, Givinostat may have potential for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Milan
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Valentina Pace
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Fabio Maiullari
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy.,Operational Research Unit, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Largo Gemelli 1, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maila Chirivì
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Silvia Maiullari
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Luca Madaro
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00142, Italy
| | - Sonia Maccari
- Centro di Riferimento per la Medicina di Genere Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena, 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Tonino Stati
- Centro di Riferimento per la Medicina di Genere Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena, 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Centro di Riferimento per la Medicina di Genere Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena, 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy.
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy. .,Operational Research Unit, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Largo Gemelli 1, Campobasso, Italy.
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24
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Reimondez-Troitiño S, Alcalde I, Csaba N, Íñigo-Portugués A, de la Fuente M, Bech F, Riestra AC, Merayo-Lloves J, Alonso MJ. Polymeric nanocapsules: a potential new therapy for corneal wound healing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 6:708-721. [PMID: 27392604 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injuries are one of the most frequently observed ocular diseases, leading to permanent damage and impaired vision if they are not treated properly. In this sense, adequate wound healing after injury is critical for keeping the integrity and structure of the cornea. The goal of this work was to assess the potential of polymeric nanocapsules, either unloaded or loaded with cyclosporine A or vitamin A, alone or in combination with mitomycin C, for the treatment of corneal injuries induced by photorefractive keratectomy surgery. The biopolymers selected for the formation of the nanocapsules were polyarginine and protamine, which are known for their penetration enhancement effect. The results showed that, following topical instillation to a mouse model of corneal injury, all the nanocapsule formulations, either unloaded or loaded with cyclosporine A or vitamin A, were able to stimulate corneal wound healing. In addition, the healing rate observed for the combination of unloaded protamine nanocapsules with mitomycin C was comparable to the one observed for the positive control Cacicol®, a biopolymer known as a corneal wound healing enhancer. Regarding the corneal opacity, the initial grade of corneal haze (>3) induced by the photorefractive keratectomy was more rapidly reduced in the case of the positive control, Cacicol®, than in corneas treated with the nanocapsules. In conclusion, this work shows that drug-free arginine-rich (polyarginine, protamine) nanocapsules exhibit a positive behavior with regard to their potential use for corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Almudena Íñigo-Portugués
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Federico Bech
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana C Riestra
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María J Alonso
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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25
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Cervantes-Garcia D, Cuellar-Juarez AG, Borrego-Soto G, Rojas-Martinez A, Aldaba-Muruato LR, Salinas E, Ventura-Juarez J, Muñoz-Ortega MH. Adenoviral‑bone morphogenetic protein‑7 and/or doxazosin therapies promote the reversion of fibrosis/cirrhosis in a cirrhotic hamster model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9431-9440. [PMID: 29039539 PMCID: PMC5780000 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs in the presence of continuous insults, including toxic or biological agents. Novel treatments must focus on ceasing the progression of cellular damage, promoting the regeneration of the parenchyma and inhibition of the fibrotic process. The present study analyzed the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 gene therapy with or without co-treatment with doxazosin in a model of liver cirrhosis in hamsters. The serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and albumin levels were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Tissue hepatic samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin for parenchymal structure and Sirius red for collagen fiber content. BMP-7 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. BMP-7 and collagen type I content in hepatic tissue were analyzed by western blotting, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study detected a significant reduction of collagen type I deposits in the group treated with adenoviral-transduction with BMP-7 and doxazosin. In animals with BMP-7 and doxazosin therapy, α-SMA-positive cells were 31.7 and 29% significantly decreased compared with animals with placebo, respectively. Adenoviral-BMP-7 transduction and/or doxazosin treatments actively induced decrement in type I collagen deposition via increased MMP-13 and reduced TIMP-2 expression. In conclusion, the adenovirus-BMP-7 gene therapy and the doxazosin therapy are potential candidates for the diminution of fibrosis in the liver, although combination of both therapies does not improve the individual anti-fibrotic effect once cirrhosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cervantes-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Gissela Borrego-Soto
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, 64710 Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, 64710 Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Liseth Rubi Aldaba-Muruato
- Department of Morphology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juarez
- Department of Morphology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Martin Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Department of Chemistry, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
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26
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Shu DY, Lovicu FJ. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation: The dark force in ocular wound healing and fibrosis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 60:44-65. [PMID: 28807717 PMCID: PMC5600870 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is one of the most complex biological processes to occur in life. Repair of tissue following injury involves dynamic interactions between multiple cell types, growth factors, inflammatory mediators and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Aberrant and uncontrolled wound healing leads to a non-functional mass of fibrotic tissue. In the eye, fibrotic disease disrupts the normally transparent ocular tissues resulting in irreversible loss of vision. A common feature in fibrotic eye disease is the transdifferentiation of cells into myofibroblasts that can occur through a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Myofibroblasts rapidly produce excessive amounts of ECM and exert tractional forces across the ECM, resulting in the distortion of tissue architecture. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) plays a major role in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and has been implicated in numerous fibrotic eye diseases including corneal opacification, pterygium, anterior subcapsular cataract, posterior capsular opacification, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, fibrovascular membrane formation associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, submacular fibrosis, glaucoma and orbital fibrosis. This review serves to introduce the pathological functions of the myofibroblast in fibrotic eye disease. We also highlight recent developments in elucidating the multiple signaling pathways involved in fibrogenesis that may be exploited in the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies to reduce ocular morbidity due to scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y Shu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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27
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Teo Z, Chan JSK, Chong HC, Sng MK, Choo CC, Phua GZM, Teo DJR, Zhu P, Choong C, Wong MTC, Tan NS. Angiopoietin-like 4 induces a β-catenin-mediated upregulation of ID3 in fibroblasts to reduce scar collagen expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6303. [PMID: 28740178 PMCID: PMC5524754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult skin wounds, collagen expression rapidly re-establishes the skin barrier, although the resultant scar is aesthetically and functionally inferior to unwounded tissue. Although TGFβ signaling and fibroblasts are known to be responsible for scar-associated collagen production, there are currently no prophylactic treatments for scar management. Fibroblasts in crosstalk with wound keratinocytes orchestrate collagen expression, although the precise paracrine pathways involved remain poorly understood. Herein, we showed that the matricellular protein, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), accelerated wound closure and reduced collagen expression in diabetic and ANGPTL4-knockout mice. Similar observations were made in wild-type rat wounds. Using human fibroblasts as a preclinical model for mechanistic studies, we systematically elucidated that ANGPTL4 binds to cadherin-11, releasing membrane-bound β-catenin which translocate to the nucleus and transcriptionally upregulate the expression of Inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation protein 3 (ID3). ID3 interacts with scleraxis, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, to inhibit scar-associated collagen types 1α2 and 3α1 production by fibroblasts. We also showed ANGPTL4 interaction with cadherin-11 in human scar tissue. Our findings highlight a central role for matricellular proteins such as ANGPTL4 in the attenuation of collagen expression and may have a broader implication for other fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Teo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Jeremy Soon Kiat Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Han Chung Chong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.,Denova Sciences Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Chee Chong Choo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Glendon Zhi Ming Phua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Daniel Jin Rong Teo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Cleo Choong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | | | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
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28
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Sullivan DA, Rocha EM, Aragona P, Clayton JA, Ding J, Golebiowski B, Hampel U, McDermott AM, Schaumberg DA, Srinivasan S, Versura P, Willcox MDP. TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:284-333. [PMID: 28736336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eduardo M Rocha
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ocular Surface Diseases Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy
| | - Janine A Clayton
- National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Ding
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulrike Hampel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra A Schaumberg
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Piera Versura
- Department of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Mody AA, Wordinger RJ, Clark AF. Role of ID Proteins in BMP4 Inhibition of Profibrotic Effects of TGF-β2 in Human TM Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:849-859. [PMID: 28159972 PMCID: PMC5295782 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased expression of TGF-β2 in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) aqueous humor (AH) and trabecular meshwork (TM) causes deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TM and elevated IOP. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate TGF-β2–induced ECM production. The underlying mechanism for BMP4 inhibition of TGF-β2–induced fibrosis remains undetermined. Bone morphogenic protein 4 induces inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (ID1, ID3), which suppress transcription factor activities to regulate gene expression. Our study will determine whether ID1and ID3 proteins are downstream targets of BMP4, which attenuates TGF-β2 induction of ECM proteins in TM cells. Methods Primary human TM cells were treated with BMP4, and ID1 and ID3 mRNA, and protein expression was determined by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and Western immunoblotting. Intracellular ID1 and ID3 protein localization was studied by immunocytochemistry. Transformed human TM cells (GTM3 cells) were transfected with ID1 or ID3 expression vectors to determine their potential inhibitory effects on TGF-β2–induced fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-1) protein expression. Results Basal expression of ID1-3 was detected in primary human TM cells. Bone morphogenic protein 4 significantly induced early expression of ID1 and ID3 mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein in primary TM cells, and a BMP receptor inhibitor blocked this induction. Overexpression of ID1 and ID3 significantly inhibited TGF-β2–induced expression of fibronectin and PAI-1 in TM cells (P < 0.01). Conclusions Bone morphogenic protein 4 induced ID1 and ID3 expression suppresses TGF-β2 profibrotic activity in human TM cells. In the future, targeting specific regulators may control the TGF-β2 profibrotic effects on the TM, leading to disease modifying IOP lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani A Mody
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Robert J Wordinger
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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30
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Abstract
Fibrosis is a major player in cardiovascular disease, both as a contributor to the development of disease, as well as a post-injury response that drives progression. Despite the identification of many mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular fibrosis, to date no treatments have emerged that have effectively reduced the excess deposition of extracellular matrix associated with fibrotic conditions. Novel treatments have recently been identified that hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases associated with fibrosis, as well as other fibrotic conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of emerging antifibrotic agents that have shown encouraging results in preclinical or early clinical studies, but have not yet been approved for use in human disease. One of these agents is bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7), which has beneficial effects in multiple models of fibrotic disease. Another approach discussed involves altering the levels of micro-RNA (miR) species, including miR-29 and miR-101, which regulate the expression of fibrosis-related gene targets. Further, the antifibrotic potential of agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors will be discussed. Finally, evidence will be reviewed in support of the polypeptide hormone relaxin. Relaxin is long known for its extracellular remodeling properties in pregnancy, and is rapidly emerging as an effective antifibrotic agent in a number of organ systems. Moreover, relaxin has potent vascular and renal effects that make it a particularly attractive approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In each case, the mechanism of action and the applicability to various fibrotic diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita L McVicker
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, OmahaNE, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, OmahaNE, United States
| | - Robert G Bennett
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, OmahaNE, United States.,The Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, OmahaNE, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, OmahaNE, United States
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Gupta S, Rodier JT, Sharma A, Giuliano EA, Sinha PR, Hesemann NP, Ghosh A, Mohan RR. Targeted AAV5-Smad7 gene therapy inhibits corneal scarring in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172928. [PMID: 28339457 PMCID: PMC5365107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal scarring is due to aberrant activity of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway following traumatic, mechanical, infectious, or surgical injury. Altered TGFβ signaling cascade leads to downstream Smad (Suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic) protein-mediated signaling events that regulate expression of extracellular matrix and myogenic proteins. These events lead to transdifferentiation of keratocytes into myofibroblasts through fibroblasts and often results in permanent corneal scarring. Hence, therapeutic targets that reduce transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts may provide a clinically relevant approach to treat corneal fibrosis and improve long-term visual outcomes. Smad7 protein regulates the functional effects of TGFβ signaling during corneal wound healing. We tested that targeted delivery of Smad7 using recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5-Smad7) delivered to the corneal stroma can inhibit corneal haze post photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in vivo in a rabbit corneal injury model. We demonstrate that a single topical application of AAV5-Smad7 in rabbit cornea post-PRK led to a significant decrease in corneal haze and corneal fibrosis. Further, histopathology revealed lack of immune cell infiltration following AAV5-Smad7 gene transfer into the corneal stroma. Our data demonstrates that AAV5-Smad7 gene therapy is relatively safe with significant potential for the treatment of corneal disease currently resulting in fibrosis and impaired vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Rodier
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Giuliano
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Prashant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nathan P. Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Loss of TRPV4 Function Suppresses Inflammatory Fibrosis Induced by Alkali-Burning Mouse Corneas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167200. [PMID: 28030558 PMCID: PMC5193391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans suffering from pulmonary disease and a mouse model, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel activation contributes to fibrosis. As a corneal alkali burn induces the same response, we determined if such an effect is also attributable to TRPV4 activation in mice. Accordingly, we determined if the alkali burn wound healing responses in wild-type (WT) mice are different than those in their TRPV4-null (KO) counterpart. Stromal opacification due to fibrosis in KO (n = 128) mice was markedly reduced after 20 days relative to that in WT (n = 157) mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that increases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophage infiltration declined in KO mice. Semi-quantitative real time RT-PCR of ocular KO fibroblast cultures identified increases in proinflammatory and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 chemoattractant gene expression after injury. Biomarker gene expression of fibrosis, collagen1a1 and α-smooth muscle actin were attenuated along with macrophage release of interleukin-6 whereas transforming growth factor β, release was unchanged. Tail vein reciprocal bone marrow transplantation between WT and KO chimera mouse models mice showed that reduced scarring and inflammation in KO mice are due to loss of TRPV4 expression on both corneal resident immune cells, fibroblasts and infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Intraperitoneal TRPV4 receptor antagonist injection of HC-067047 (10 mg/kg, daily) into WT mice reproduced the KO-phenotype. Taken together, alkali-induced TRPV4 activation contributes to inducing fibrosis and inflammation since corneal transparency recovery was markedly improved in KO mice.
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