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Scotland BL, Shaw JR, Dharmaraj S, Caprio N, Cottingham AL, Joy Martín Lasola J, Sung JJ, Pearson RM. Cell and biomaterial delivery strategies to induce immune tolerance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115141. [PMID: 37980950 PMCID: PMC10842132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune conditions and allergies, is steadily increasing. However, current therapeutic approaches are often non-specific and do not address the underlying pathogenic condition, often resulting in impaired immunity and a state of generalized immunosuppression. The emergence of technologies capable of selectively inhibiting aberrant immune activation in a targeted, antigen (Ag)-specific manner by exploiting the body's intrinsic tolerance pathways, all without inducing adverse side effects, holds significant promise to enhance patient outcomes. In this review, we will describe the body's natural mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance as well as innovative delivery strategies using cells and biomaterials targeting innate and adaptive immune cells to promote Ag-specific immune tolerance. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges and future opportunities that warrant consideration as we navigate the path toward clinical implementation of tolerogenic strategies to treat immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Scotland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Jacob R Shaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Shruti Dharmaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Nicholas Caprio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Andrea L Cottingham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Jackline Joy Martín Lasola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Junsik J Sung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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2
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Shahgolzari M, Venkataraman S, Osano A, Akpa PA, Hefferon K. Plant Virus Nanoparticles Combat Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1278. [PMID: 37631846 PMCID: PMC10459942 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have garnered considerable interest as a promising nanotechnology approach to combat cancer. Owing to their biocompatibility, stability, and adjustable surface functionality, PVNPs hold tremendous potential for both therapeutic and imaging applications. The versatility of PVNPs is evident from their ability to be tailored to transport a range of therapeutic agents, including chemotherapy drugs, siRNA, and immunomodulators, thereby facilitating targeted delivery to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, PVNPs may be customized with targeting ligands to selectively bind to cancer cell receptors, reducing off-target effects. Additionally, PVNPs possess immunogenic properties and can be engineered to exhibit tumor-associated antigens, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. In conclusion, the potential of PVNPs as a versatile platform for fighting cancer is immense, and further research is required to fully explore their potential and translate them into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Srividhya Venkataraman
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Anne Osano
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD 20715, USA
| | - Paul Achile Akpa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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3
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Koch KC, Tew GN. Functional antibody delivery: Advances in cellular manipulation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114586. [PMID: 36280179 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The current therapeutic antibody market in the U.S. consists of 100 antibody-based products and their market value is expected to explode beyond $300 billion by 2025. These therapies are presently limited to extracellular targets due to the innate inability of antibodies to transverse membranes. To expand the number of accessible therapeutic targets, intracellular antibody delivery is necessary. Many delivery vehicles for antibodies have been used with some promising results, such as nanoparticles and cell penetrating polymers. Despite the success of these delivery platforms using model antibody cargo, there is a surprisingly small number of studies that focus on functional antibody delivery into the cytosol that also measures a cellular response. Antibodies can be designed for essentially unlimited targets, including proteins and DNA, that will ultimately control cell function once delivered inside cells. Advancement in cellular manipulation depends on the application of intracellularly delivering functional antibodies to achieve a desired result. This review focuses on the emerging field of functional antibody delivery which enables various cellular responses and cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla C Koch
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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4
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Soprano E, Polo E, Pelaz B, del Pino P. Biomimetic cell-derived nanocarriers in cancer research. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:538. [PMID: 36544135 PMCID: PMC9771790 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have now long demonstrated capabilities that make them attractive to use in biology and medicine. Some of them, such as lipid nanoparticles (SARS-CoV-2 vaccines) or metallic nanoparticles (contrast agents) are already approved for their use in the clinic. However, considering the constantly growing body of different formulations and the huge research around nanomaterials the number of candidates reaching clinical trials or being commercialized is minimal. The reasons behind being related to the "synthetic" and "foreign" character of their surface. Typically, nanomaterials aiming to develop a function or deliver a cargo locally, fail by showing strong off-target accumulation and generation of adverse responses, which is connected to their strong recognition by immune phagocytes primarily. Therefore, rendering in negligible numbers of nanoparticles developing their intended function. While a wide range of coatings has been applied to avoid certain interactions with the surrounding milieu, the issues remained. Taking advantage of the natural cell membranes, in an approach that resembles a cell transfer, the use of cell-derived surfaces has risen as an alternative to artificial coatings or encapsulation methods. Biomimetic technologies are based on the use of isolated natural components to provide autologous properties to the nanoparticle or cargo being encapsulated, thus, improving their therapeutic behavior. The main goal is to replicate the (bio)-physical properties and functionalities of the source cell and tissue, not only providing a stealthy character to the core but also taking advantage of homotypic properties, that could prove relevant for targeted strategies. Such biomimetic formulations have the potential to overcome the main issues of approaches to provide specific features and identities synthetically. In this review, we provide insight into the challenges of nano-biointerfaces for drug delivery; and the main applications of biomimetic materials derived from specific cell types, focusing on the unique strengths of the fabrication of novel nanotherapeutics in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Soprano
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ester Polo
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo del Pino
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Multifunctional Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Targeting Breast Cancer Tumors. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091431. [PMID: 36146510 PMCID: PMC9502313 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment using plant-virus-based nanoparticles (PVNPs) has achieved considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP-based breast cancer therapies include non-targeted and targeted nanoplatforms for delivery of anticancer therapeutic chemo and immune agents and cancer vaccines for activation of local and systemic antitumor immunity. Interestingly, PVNP platforms combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve tumor efficacy treatment. These applications can be achieved by encapsulation of a wide range of active ingredients and conjugating ligands for targeting immune and tumor cells. This review presents the current breast cancer treatments based on PVNP platforms.
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Miao Y, Yang T, Yang S, Yang M, Mao C. Protein nanoparticles directed cancer imaging and therapy. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:2. [PMID: 34997888 PMCID: PMC8742799 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been a serious threat to human health. Among drug delivery carriers, protein nanoparticles are unique because of their mild and environmentally friendly preparation methods. They also inherit desired characteristics from natural proteins, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, they have solved some problems inherent to inorganic nanocarriers such as poor biocompatibility. Also, the surface groups and cavity of protein nanoparticles allow for easy surface modification and drug loading. Besides, protein nanoparticles can be combined with inorganic nanoparticles or contrast agents to form multifunctional theranostic platforms. This review introduces representative protein nanoparticles applicable in cancer theranostics, including virus-like particles, albumin nanoparticles, silk protein nanoparticles, and ferritin nanoparticles. It also describes the common methods for preparing them. It then critically analyzes the use of a variety of protein nanoparticles in improved cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuxu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5251, USA.
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Wei S, Zhou S, Huang W, Zan X, Geng W. Efficient Delivery of Antibodies Intracellularly by Co-Assembly with Hexahistidine-Metal Assemblies (HmA). Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7449-7461. [PMID: 34785893 PMCID: PMC8579864 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s332279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There has been a substantial global market for antibodies, which are based on extracellular targets. Binding intracellular targets by antibodies will bring new chances in antibody therapeutics and a huge market increase. We aim to evaluate the efficiency of a novel delivery system of His6-metal assembly (HmA) in delivering intracellular antibodies and biofunctions of delivered antibodies. METHODS In this study, the physicochemical properties of HmA@Antibodies generated through co-assembling with antibodies and HmA were well characterized by dynamic light scatter. The cytotoxicity of HmA@Antibodies was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The endocytic kinetics and lysosome escape process of HmA@Antibodies were studied by flow cytometry and fluorescent staining imaging, respectively. Compared to the commercialized positive control, the intracellular delivery efficiency by HmA@Antibodies and biofunctions of delivered antibodies were evaluated by fluorescent imaging and CCK-8. RESULTS Various antibodies (IgG, anti-β-tubulin and anti-NPC) could co-assemble with HmA under a gentle condition, producing nano-sized (~150 nm) and positively charged (~+30 eV) HmA@Antibodies particles with narrow size distribution (PDI ~ 0.15). HmA displayed very low cytotoxicity to divers cells (DCs, HeLa, HCECs, and HRPE) even after 96 h for the feeding concentration ≤100 μg mL-1, and fast escape from endosomes. In the case of delivery IgG, the delivery efficiency into alive cells of HmA was better than a commercial protein delivery reagent (PULSin). For cases of the anti-β-tubulin and anti-NPC, HmA showed comparable delivery efficiency to their positive controls, but HmA with ability to deliver these antibodies into alive cells was still superior to positive controls delivering antibodies into dead cells through punching holes. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that this strategy is a feasible way to deliver various antibodies intracellularly while preserving their functions, which has great potential in various applications and treating many refractory diseases by intracellular antibody delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyin Wei
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijie Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Iwata T, Hirose H, Sakamoto K, Hirai Y, Arafiles JVV, Akishiba M, Imanishi M, Futaki S. Liquid Droplet Formation and Facile Cytosolic Translocation of IgG in the Presence of Attenuated Cationic Amphiphilic Lytic Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwata
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Kentarou Sakamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirai
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Misao Akishiba
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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9
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Iwata T, Hirose H, Sakamoto K, Hirai Y, Arafiles JVV, Akishiba M, Imanishi M, Futaki S. Liquid Droplet Formation and Facile Cytosolic Translocation of IgG in the Presence of Attenuated Cationic Amphiphilic Lytic Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19804-19812. [PMID: 34114295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fc region binding peptide conjugated with attenuated cationic amphiphilic lytic peptide L17E trimer [FcB(L17E)3 ] was designed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) delivery into cells. Particle-like liquid droplets were generated by mixing Alexa Fluor 488 labeled IgG (Alexa488-IgG) with FcB(L17E)3 . Droplet contact with the cellular membrane led to spontaneous influx and distribution of Alexa488-IgG throughout cells in serum containing medium. Involvement of cellular machinery accompanied by actin polymerization and membrane ruffling was suggested for the translocation. Alexa488-IgG negative charges were crucial in liquid droplet formation with positively charged FcB(L17E)3 . Binding of IgG to FcB(L17E)3 may not be necessary. Successful intracellular delivery of Alexa Fluor 594-labeled anti-nuclear pore complex antibody and anti-mCherry-nanobody tagged with supernegatively charged green fluorescence protein allowed binding to cellular targets in the presence of FcB(L17E)3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kentarou Sakamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Misao Akishiba
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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10
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Alvandi N, Rajabnejad M, Taghvaei Z, Esfandiari N. New generation of viral nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2021; 30:151-165. [PMID: 34210232 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1949600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is one of the novel methods to cure multitudes of diseases, such as types of cancers, neurological disorders, and infectious illnesses. Viruses can play a vital role in nanoscale engineering due to their specific properties like minuscule size, high stability in different body conditions, and large-scale production. Viral-like particles (VLPs) as specific nanoscale scaffolds can encapsulate a wide range of cargos, including nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and drugs. The Exterior portion of VLPs can be changed by genetical or chemical conjugation as well as targeting ligands or peptides. The aforementioned features of VLPs can be used in several applications, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, tissue engineering, vaccine production, and disease detection. This review article attempts to investigate appearance characteristics, modification strategies, and manufacturing methods of VLPs. Additionally, drug delivery to cancer cells as one of the VLPs applications along with different cellular uptake mechanisms of VLPs by cancer cells are chosen for investigation. This review also tries to gather most of the recent studies of drug delivery to cancer cells by VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikta Alvandi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rajabnejad
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Taghvaei
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esfandiari
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Nkanga CI, Steinmetz NF. The pharmacology of plant virus nanoparticles. Virology 2021; 556:39-61. [PMID: 33545555 PMCID: PMC7974633 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles for medical purposes has made enormous strides in providing new solutions to health problems. The observation that plant virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) can be repurposed and engineered as smart bio-vehicles for targeted drug delivery and imaging has launched extensive research for improving the therapeutic and diagnostic management of various diseases. There is evidence that VNPs are promising high value nanocarriers with potential for translational development. This is mainly due to their unique features, encompassing structural uniformity, ease of manufacture and functionalization by means of expression, chemical biology and self-assembly. While the development pipeline is moving rapidly, with many reports focusing on engineering and manufacturing aspects to tailor the properties and efficacy of VNPs, fewer studies have focused on gaining insights into the nanotoxicity of this novel platform nanotechnology. Herein, we discuss the pharmacology of VNPs as a function of formulation and route of administration. VNPs are reviewed in the context of their application as therapeutic adjuvants or nanocarrier excipients to initiate, enhance, attenuate or impede the formulation's toxicity. The summary of the data however also underlines the need for meticulous VNP structure-nanotoxicity studies to improve our understanding of their in vivo fates and pharmacological profiles to pave the way for translation of VNP-based formulations into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Center for NanoImmunoEngineering, Moores Cancer Center, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, United States.
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12
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Wang S, Sun Z, Hou Y. Engineering Nanoparticles toward the Modulation of Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000845. [PMID: 32790039 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer by activating the patients' own immune system. At present, immunotherapy approaches such as cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) therapy, and cytokines therapy have therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical applications. However, the intrinsic limitations of conventional immunotherapy are difficulty of precise dosage control, insufficient enrichment in tumor tissues, partial immune response silencing or hyperactivity, and high cost. Engineering nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging as a promising multifunctional platform to enhance conventional immunotherapy due to their intrinsic immunogenicity, convenient delivery function, controlled surface chemistry activity, multifunctional modifying potential, and intelligent targeting. This review presents the recent progress reflected by engineering NPs, including the diversified selection of functionalized NPs, the superiority of engineering NPs for enhancing conventional immunotherapy, and NP-mediated multiscale strategies for synergistic therapy consisting of compositions and their mechanism. Finally, the perspective on multifunctional NP-based cancer immunotherapy for boosting immunomodulation is discussed, which reveals the expanding landscape of engineering NPs in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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13
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Loo YS, Bose RJ, McCarthy JR, Mat Azmi ID, Madheswaran T. Biomimetic bacterial and viral-based nanovesicles for drug delivery, theranostics, and vaccine applications. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:902-915. [PMID: 33383213 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Smart nanocarriers obtained from bacteria and viruses offer excellent biomimetic properties which has led to significant research into the creation of advanced biomimetic materials. Their versatile biomimicry has application as biosensors, biomedical scaffolds, immobilization, diagnostics, and targeted or personalized treatments. The inherent natural traits of biomimetic and bioinspired bacteria- and virus-derived nanovesicles show potential for their use in clinical vaccines and novel therapeutic drug delivery systems. The past few decades have seen significant progress in the bioengineering of bacteria and viruses to manipulate and enhance their therapeutic benefits. From a pharmaceutical perspective, biomimetics enable the safe integration of naturally occurring bacteria and virus particles to achieve high, stable rates of cellular transfection/infection and prolonged circulation times. In addition, biomimetic technologies can overcome safety concerns associated with live-attenuated and inactivated whole bacteria or viruses. In this review, we provide an update on the utilization of bacterial and viral particles as drug delivery systems, theranostic carriers, and vaccine/immunomodulation modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shan Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajendran Jc Bose
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501, USA
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501, USA
| | - Intan Diana Mat Azmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Medical University, No. 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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14
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Lv W, Champion JA. Demonstration of intracellular trafficking, cytosolic bioavailability, and target manipulation of an antibody delivery platform. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 32:102315. [PMID: 33065253 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular antibody delivery into live cells has significant implications for research and therapeutic applications. However, many delivery systems lack potency due to low uptake and/or endosomal entrapment and understanding of intracellular delivery processes is lacking. Herein, we studied the cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking and targeting of antibodies using our previously developed Hex antibody nanocarrier. We demonstrated Hex-antibodies were internalized through multiple endocytic routes into lysosomes and provide evidence of endo/lysosomal disruption and Hex-antibody release to the cytosol. Cytosolic antibodies retained their bioactivity for at least 24 h. Functional effect of Hex delivered anti-STAT3 antibodies was evidenced by inhibition of nuclear translocation of cytosolic transcription factor STAT3. This study has generated understanding of key steps in the Hex intracellular antibody delivery system and will facilitate the development of effective cytosolic antibody delivery and applications in both the therapeutic and research domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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15
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Niamsuphap S, Fercher C, Kumble S, Huda P, Mahler SM, Howard CB. Targeting the undruggable: emerging technologies in antibody delivery against intracellular targets. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1189-1211. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1781088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Niamsuphap
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Fercher
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, AIBN, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sumukh Kumble
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pie Huda
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, AIBN, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Sushnitha M, Evangelopoulos M, Tasciotti E, Taraballi F. Cell Membrane-Based Biomimetic Nanoparticles and the Immune System: Immunomodulatory Interactions to Therapeutic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:627. [PMID: 32626700 PMCID: PMC7311577 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been synthesized from a wide array of materials. The therapeutic success of these platforms hinges upon their ability to favorably interact with the biological environment (both systemically and locally) and recognize the diseased target tissue. The immune system, composed of a highly coordinated organization of cells trained to recognize foreign bodies, represents a key mediator of these interactions. Although components of this system may act as a barrier to nanoparticle (NP) delivery, the immune system can also be exploited to target and trigger signaling cues that facilitate the therapeutic response stemming from systemic administration of NPs. The nano-bio interface represents the key facilitator of this communication exchange, where the surface properties of NPs govern their in vivo fate. Cell membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles have emerged as one approach to achieve targeted drug delivery by actively engaging and communicating with the biological milieu. In this review, we will highlight the relationship between these biomimetic nanoparticles and the immune system, emphasizing the role of tuning the nano-bio interface in the immunomodulation of diseases. We will also discuss the therapeutic applications of this approach with biomimetic nanoparticles, focusing on specific diseases ranging from cancer to infectious diseases. Lastly, we will provide a critical evaluation on the current state of this field of cell membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles and its future directions in immune-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Sushnitha
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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17
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Liu J, Fraire JC, De Smedt SC, Xiong R, Braeckmans K. Intracellular Labeling with Extrinsic Probes: Delivery Strategies and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000146. [PMID: 32351015 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extrinsic probes have outstanding properties for intracellular labeling to visualize dynamic processes in and of living cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Since extrinsic probes are in many cases cell-impermeable, different biochemical, and physical approaches have been used to break the cell membrane barrier for direct delivery into the cytoplasm. In this Review, these intracellular delivery strategies are discussed, briefly explaining the mechanisms and how they are used for live-cell labeling applications. Methods that are discussed include three biochemical agents that are used for this purpose-purpose-different nanocarriers, cell penetrating peptides and the pore-foraming bacterial toxin streptolysin O. Most successful intracellular label delivery methods are, however, based on physical principles to permeabilize the membrane and include electroporation, laser-induced photoporation, micro- and nanoinjection, nanoneedles or nanostraws, microfluidics, and nanomachines. The strengths and weaknesses of each strategy are discussed with a systematic comparison provided. Finally, the extrinsic probes that are reported for intracellular labeling so-far are summarized, together with the delivery strategies that are used and their performance. This combined information should provide for a useful guide for choosing the most suitable delivery method for the desired probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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18
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Shields CW, Wang LLW, Evans MA, Mitragotri S. Materials for Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901633. [PMID: 31250498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in materials engineering have accelerated the progress of immunotherapy in preclinical studies. The interplay of chemistry and materials has resulted in improved loading, targeting, and release of immunomodulatory agents. An overview of the materials that are used to enable or improve the success of immunotherapies in preclinical studies is presented, from immunosuppressive to proinflammatory strategies, with particular emphasis on technologies poised for clinical translation. The materials are organized based on their characteristic length scale, whereby the enabling feature of each technology is organized by the structure of that material. For example, the mechanisms by which i) nanoscale materials can improve targeting and infiltration of immunomodulatory payloads into tissues and cells, ii) microscale materials can facilitate cell-mediated transport and serve as artificial antigen-presenting cells, and iii) macroscale materials can form the basis of artificial microenvironments to promote cell infiltration and reprogramming are discussed. As a step toward establishing a set of design rules for future immunotherapies, materials that intrinsically activate or suppress the immune system are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook on the trajectory of these systems and how they may be improved to address unsolved challenges in cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Evans
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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19
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Sabharwal P, Sushmitha C, Amritha CK, Natraj U, Murthy MRN, Savithri HS. Development of pepper vein banding virus chimeric virus-like particles for potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1163-1176. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Venkataraman S, Reddy VS, Khurana SMP. Biomedical Applications of Viral Nanoparticles in Vaccine Therapy. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9898-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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21
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Chiu ML, Goulet DR, Teplyakov A, Gilliland GL. Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8040055. [PMID: 31816964 PMCID: PMC6963682 DOI: 10.3390/antib8040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure–function relationships of antibodies provides a platform for protein engineering that has been exploited to generate a wide range of biologics for a host of therapeutic indications. In this review, our basic understanding of the antibody structure is described along with how that knowledge has leveraged the engineering of antibody and antibody-related therapeutics having the appropriate antigen affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties. The platforms examined include the development of antibodies, antibody fragments, bispecific antibody, and antibody fusion products, whose efficacy and manufacturability can be improved via humanization, affinity modulation, and stability enhancement. We also review the design and selection of binding arms, and avidity modulation. Different strategies of preparing bispecific and multispecific molecules for an array of therapeutic applications are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Chiu
- Drug Product Development Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Dennis R. Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA;
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Gary L. Gilliland
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
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22
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Sabharwal P, Amritha CK, Sushmitha C, Natraj U, Savithri HS. Intracellular trafficking and endocytic uptake pathway of Pepper vein banding virus-like particles in epithelial cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1247-1265. [PMID: 31084385 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Plant virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a novel platform for delivery of drugs/antibodies. The aim of the present investigation is to establish the entry mechanism of flexuous rod-shaped virus particles into mammalian cells. Methods: Far-Western blot analysis, pull-down and ELISA were used to characterize vimentin and Hsp60 interaction with VLPs. The mode/kinetics of internalization of VLPs was deciphered using pharmacological inhibitors/endosomal markers. Results & discussion: The flexuous rod-shaped VLPs of Pepper vein banding virus (PVBV) enter HeLa and HepG2 cells via cell-surface proteins: vimentin and Hsp60, respectively. VLPs internalize via different modes of endocytosis in HeLa, HepG2 cells and are biodegradable. Vimentin and Hsp60 could be potential epithelial ligands that facilitate targeting of nanoparticles to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sabharwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Cheekati Sushmitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Usha Natraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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23
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Plant virus-based materials for biomedical applications: Trends and prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:96-118. [PMID: 30176280 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials composed of plant viral components are finding their way into medical technology and health care, as they offer singular properties. Precisely shaped, tailored virus nanoparticles (VNPs) with multivalent protein surfaces are efficiently loaded with functional compounds such as contrast agents and drugs, and serve as carrier templates and targeting vehicles displaying e.g. peptides and synthetic molecules. Multiple modifications enable uses including vaccination, biosensing, tissue engineering, intravital delivery and theranostics. Novel concepts exploit self-organization capacities of viral building blocks into hierarchical 2D and 3D structures, and their conversion into biocompatible, biodegradable units. High yields of VNPs and proteins can be harvested from plants after a few days so that various products have reached or are close to commercialization. The article delineates potentials and limitations of biomedical plant VNP uses, integrating perspectives of chemistry, biomaterials sciences, molecular plant virology and process engineering.
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24
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Balke I, Zeltins A. Use of plant viruses and virus-like particles for the creation of novel vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:119-129. [PMID: 30172923 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of plant virology and genetic engineering techniques has resulted in the construction of plant virus-based vaccines for protection against different infectious agents, cancers and autoimmune diseases in both humans and animals. Interaction studies between plant viruses and mammalian organisms have suggested that plant viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) are safe and noninfectious to humans and animals. Plant viruses with introduced antigens are powerful vaccine components due to their strongly organized, repetitive spatial structure; they can elicit strong immune responses similar to those observed with infectious mammalian viruses. The analysis of published data demonstrated that at least 73 experimental vaccines, including 61 prophylactic and 12 therapeutic vaccines, have been constructed using plant viruses as a carrier structure for presentation of different antigens. This information clearly demonstrates that noninfectious viruses are also applicable as vaccine carriers. Moreover, several plant viruses have been used for platform development, and corresponding vaccines are currently being tested in human and veterinary clinical trials. This review therefore discusses the main principles of plant VLP vaccine construction, emphasizing the physical, chemical, genetic and immunological aspects. Results of the latest studies suggest that several plant virus-based vaccines will join the list of approved human and animal vaccines in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, Riga LV1067, Latvia
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, Riga LV1067, Latvia.
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25
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Tiwari V, Karande AA. Correlation of abrin-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis and apoptosis. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:357-363. [PMID: 30506989 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The plant toxin, abrin, a type-II ribosome inactivating protein, is extremely lethal, the human fatal dose being ~1 μg/kg body weight. Abrin has been classified as an agent for bioterrorism, which is of concern. Conversely, the high toxic property of abrin has been employed in generating immunotoxins, whereas its toxin moiety is conjugated to cell surface marker-specific antibodies for cell-targeted killing. Different cell types exhibit variable levels of sensitivity to abrin toxicity; therefore, adequate knowledge of the molecular mechanism that governs the activity of the protein would be a safeguard. To gain insights into this, two cell lines requiring strikingly different concentrations of abrin for inactivating ribosomes were studied. Employing conjugates of the wild-type and active site mutant of abrin A chain with the ricin B chain, it was found that abrin-induced apoptosis was dependent on inhibition of protein synthesis (PSI) leading to ER-stress in Ovcar-3 cells, but not in KB cells. Abrin was also observed to cause direct DNA damage in KB cells, while in Ovcar-3 cells abrin-induced DNA damage was found to be dependent on caspases. Overall, the study demonstrates that the correlation of abrin-mediated PSI and apoptosis is cell-specific and abrin can induce more than one pathway to cause cell death. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):357-363, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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26
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Vishnu Vardhan GP, Hema M, Sushmitha C, Savithri HS, Natraj U, Murthy MRN. Development of sesbania mosaic virus nanoparticles for imaging. Arch Virol 2018; 164:497-507. [PMID: 30430265 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The capsids of viruses have a high degree of symmetry. Therefore, virus nanoparticles (VNPs) can be programmed to display many imaging agents precisely. Plant VNPs are biocompatible, biodegradable and non-infectious to mammals. We have carried out bioconjugation of sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV), a well characterized plant virus, with fluorophores using reactive lysine-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and cysteine-maleimide chemistries. Monitoring of cellular internalization of labelled SeMV nanoparticles (NPs) by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that the particles have a natural preference for entry into MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cells, although they could also enter various other cell lines. The fluorescence of SeMV NPs labelled via the cysteines with Cy5.5 dye was found to be more stable and was detectable with greater sensitivity than that of particles labelled via the lysines with Alexa Fluor. Live-cell imaging using SeMV internally labelled with Cy5.5 showed that it could bind to MDA-MB-231 cells in less than 5 minutes and enter the cells within 15 minutes. The particles undergo endolysosomal degradation by 6 h as evidenced by their co-localization with LAMP-1. Far-western blot analysis with a HeLa cell membrane protein fraction showed that SeMV interacts with 54-, 35- and 33-kDa proteins, which were identified by mass spectrometry as vimentin, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein (VDAC1), and annexin A2 isoform 2 (ANXA2), respectively, suggesting that the particles may bind and enter the cell through these proteins. The results presented here demonstrate that the SeMV NPs provide a new platform technology that could be used to develop in vivo imaging and targeted drug delivery agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Vishnu Vardhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M Hema
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.
| | - C Sushmitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - H S Savithri
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Usha Natraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M R N Murthy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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27
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Slastnikova TA, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Antibodies: The State of the Art. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1208. [PMID: 30405420 PMCID: PMC6207587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A dominant area of antibody research is the extension of the use of this mighty experimental and therapeutic tool for the specific detection of molecules for diagnostics, visualization, and activity blocking. Despite the ability to raise antibodies against different proteins, numerous applications of antibodies in basic research fields, clinical practice, and biotechnology are restricted to permeabilized cells or extracellular antigens, such as membrane or secreted proteins. With the exception of small groups of autoantibodies, natural antibodies to intracellular targets cannot be used within living cells. This excludes the scope of a major class of intracellular targets, including some infamous cancer-associated molecules. Some of these targets are still not druggable via small molecules because of large flat contact areas and the absence of deep hydrophobic pockets in which small molecules can insert and perturb their activity. Thus, the development of technologies for the targeted intracellular delivery of antibodies, their fragments, or antibody-like molecules is extremely important. Various strategies for intracellular targeting of antibodies via protein-transduction domains or their mimics, liposomes, polymer vesicles, and viral envelopes, are reviewed in this article. The pitfalls, challenges, and perspectives of these technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Ulasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Otake S, Okuro K, Bochicchio D, Pavan GM, Aida T. Nitrobenzoxadiazole-Appended Cell Membrane Modifiers for Efficient Optoporation with Noncoherent Light. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2068-2073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saya Otake
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for
Emergent
Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) technologies are based on virus-inspired artificial structures and the intrinsic ability of viral proteins to self-assemble at controlled conditions. Therefore, the basic knowledge about the mechanisms of viral particle formation is highly important for designing of industrial applications. As an alternative to genetic and chemical processes, different physical methods are frequently used for VLP construction, including well characterized protein complexes for introduction of foreign molecules in VLP structures.This chapter shortly discusses the mechanisms how the viruses form their perfectly ordered structures as well as the principles and most interesting application examples, how to exploit the structural and assembly/disassembly properties of viral structures for creation of new nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.
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30
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Masarapu H, Patel BK, Chariou PL, Hu H, Gulati NM, Carpenter BL, Ghiladi RA, Shukla S, Steinmetz NF. Physalis Mottle Virus-Like Particles as Nanocarriers for Imaging Reagents and Drugs. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4141-4153. [PMID: 29144726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Platform technologies based on plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like particles (VLPs) are attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians because the particles are biocompatible, biodegradable, noninfectious in mammals, and can readily be chemically and genetically engineered to carry imaging agents and drugs. When the Physalis mottle virus (PhMV) coat protein is expressed in Escherichia coli, the resulting VLPs are nearly identical to the viruses formed in vivo. Here, we isolated PhMV-derived VLPs from ClearColi cells and carried out external and internal surface modification with fluorophores using reactive lysine-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and cysteine-maleimide chemistries, respectively. The uptake of dye-labeled particles was tested in a range of cancer cells and monitored by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. VLPs labeled internally on cysteine residues were taken up with high efficiency by several cancer cell lines and were colocalized with the endolysosomal marker LAMP-1 within 6 h, whereas VLPs labeled externally on lysine residues were taken up with lower efficiency, probably reflecting differences in surface charge and the propensity to bind to the cell surface. The infusion of dye and drug molecules into the cavity of the VLPs revealed that the photosensitizer (PS), Zn-EpPor, and the drugs crystal violet, mitoxantrone (MTX), and doxorubicin (DOX) associated stably with the carrier via noncovalent interactions. We confirmed the cytotoxicity of the PS-PhMV and DOX-PhMV particles against prostate cancer, ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, respectively. Our results show that PhMV-derived VLPs provide a new platform technology for the delivery of imaging agents and drugs, with preferential uptake into cancer cells. These particles could therefore be developed as multifunctional tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Masarapu
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati, 517 502 Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Bradley L Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Narayanan KB, Han SS. Icosahedral plant viral nanoparticles - bioinspired synthesis of nanomaterials/nanostructures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:1-19. [PMID: 28916111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanotechnology utilizes virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) of plant viruses as highly versatile platforms for materials synthesis and molecular entrapment that can be used in the nanotechnological fields, such as in next-generation nanoelectronics, nanocatalysis, biosensing and optics, and biomedical applications, such as for targeting, therapeutic delivery, and non-invasive in vivo imaging with high specificity and selectivity. In particular, plant virus capsids provide biotemplates for the production of novel nanostructured materials with organic/inorganic moieties incorporated in a very precise and controlled manner. Interestingly, capsid proteins of spherical plant viruses can self-assemble into well-organized icosahedral three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale multivalent architectures with high monodispersity and structural symmetry. Using viral genetic and protein engineering of icosahedral viruses with a variety of sizes, the interior, exterior and the interfaces between coat protein (CP) subunits can be manipulated to fabricate materials with a wide range of desirable properties allowing for biomineralization, encapsulation, infusion, controlled self-assembly, and multivalent ligand display of nanoparticles or molecules for varied applications. In this review, we discuss the various functional nanomaterials/nanostructures developed using the VNPs and VLPs of different icosahedral plant viruses and their nano(bio)technological and nanomedical applications.
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Parodi A, Molinaro R, Sushnitha M, Evangelopoulos M, Martinez JO, Arrighetti N, Corbo C, Tasciotti E. Bio-inspired engineering of cell- and virus-like nanoparticles for drug delivery. Biomaterials 2017; 147:155-168. [PMID: 28946131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of future generations of nanodelivery systems aims at the creation of multifunctional vectors endowed with improved circulation, enhanced targeting and responsiveness to the biological environment. Moving past purely bio-inert systems, researchers have begun to create nanoparticles capable of proactively interacting with the biology of the body. Nature offers a wide-range of sources of inspiration for the synthesis of more effective drug delivery platforms. Because the nano-bio-interface is the key driver of nanoparticle behavior and function, the modification of nanoparticles' surfaces allows the transfer of biological properties to synthetic carriers by imparting them with a biological identity. Modulation of these surface characteristics governs nanoparticle interactions with the biological barriers they encounter. Building off these observations, we provide here an overview of virus- and cell-derived biomimetic delivery systems that combine the intrinsic hallmarks of biological membranes with the delivery capabilities of synthetic carriers. We describe the features and properties of biomimetic delivery systems, recapitulating the distinctive traits and functions of viruses, exosomes, platelets, red and white blood cells. By mimicking these biological entities, we will learn how to more efficiently interact with the human body and refine our ability to negotiate with the biological barriers that impair the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parodi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Molinaro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuela Sushnitha
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan O Martinez
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, TX, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per Lo Studio e La Cura Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Corbo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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Yuan P, Zhang H, Qian L, Mao X, Du S, Yu C, Peng B, Yao SQ. Intracellular Delivery of Functional Native Antibodies under Hypoxic Conditions by Using a Biodegradable Silica Nanoquencher. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Linghui Qian
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shubo Du
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Changmin Yu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering South China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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Yuan P, Zhang H, Qian L, Mao X, Du S, Yu C, Peng B, Yao SQ. Intracellular Delivery of Functional Native Antibodies under Hypoxic Conditions by Using a Biodegradable Silica Nanoquencher. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12481-12485. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Linghui Qian
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shubo Du
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Changmin Yu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering South China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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Gao L, Han L, Ding X, Xu J, Wang J, Zhu J, Lu W, Sun J, Yu L, Yan Z, Wang Y. An effective intracellular delivery system of monoclonal antibody for treatment of tumors: erythrocyte membrane-coated self-associated antibody nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:335101. [PMID: 28657549 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7c43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based drugs have attracted much attention for their targeting ability, high efficacy and low toxicity. But it is difficult for those intrabodies, a kind of antibody whose targets are intracellular biomarkers, to become effective drugs due to the lack of intracellular delivery strategy and their short circulation time in blood. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), an important biomarker for tumors, is expressed only in cytoplasm instead of on cell membrane. In this study, the anti-hTERT blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb), as the model intrabody, was used to prepare nanoparticles (NPs), followed by the encapsulation of erythrocyte membrane (EM), to obtain the EM-coated anti-hTERT mAb NPs delivery system. The final NPs showed a z-average hydrodynamic diameter of about 197.3 nm. The in vitro cellular uptake by HeLa cells confirmed that compared with free anti-hTERT mAb, the EM-coated anti-hTERT mAb NPs exhibited a significantly increased uptake by tumor cells. Besides, the pharmacokinetic study confirmed that the EM encapsulation can remarkably prolong the circulation time and increase the area under curve (AUC) of NPs in blood. The EM-coated anti-hTERT mAb NPs exhibited a remarkably decreased uptake by macrophages than uncoated NPs, which may be responsible for the prolonged circulation time and increased AUC. Furthermore, the frozen section of tumor tissue was performed and proved that the EM-coated anti-hTERT mAb NPs can be more effectively accumulated in tumor tissues than the free mAb and uncoated NPs. In summary, this study indicated that EM-coated anti-hTERT mAb NPs are an effective delivery system for the long circulation and intracellular delivery of an intrabody, and make it possible for the intracellular biomarkers to become the potential targets of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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Cytosolic antibody delivery by lipid-sensitive endosomolytic peptide. Nat Chem 2017; 9:751-761. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ray M, Lee YW, Scaletti F, Yu R, Rotello VM. Intracellular delivery of proteins by nanocarriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:941-952. [PMID: 28338410 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of proteins is potentially a game-changing approach for therapeutics. However, for most applications, the protein needs to access the cytosol to be effective. A wide variety of strategies have been developed for protein delivery, however access of delivered protein to the cytosol without acute cytotoxicity remains a critical issue. In this review we discuss recent trends in protein delivery using nanocarriers, focusing on the ability of these strategies to deliver protein into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Federica Scaletti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ruijin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Lim SI, Lukianov CI, Champion JA. Self-assembled protein nanocarrier for intracellular delivery of antibody. J Control Release 2017; 249:1-10. [PMID: 28069555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great potential of antibodies as intracellular therapeutics, there is a significant, unmet challenge in delivering sufficient amounts of folded antibodies inside cells. We describe an all-protein self-assembled nanocarrier capable of delivering functional antibodies to the cytosol. By combining an α-helical peptide that self-assembles into a hexameric coiled-coil bundle and an Fc-binding Protein A fragment, we generated the Hex nanocarrier that is efficiently internalized by cells without cytotoxicity. Localization of multiple Fc-binding domains on the hexameric core allowed the Hex nanocarrier to tightly bind antibody with sub-nanomolar affinity regardless of pH and the antibody's originating species. The size of the Hex nanocarrier ranges from 25 to 35nm depending on the antibody loading ratio. We demonstrated the capacity of the Hex nanocarrier to deliver functional antibodies to the cytosol by employing anti-β-tubulin or anti-nuclear pore complex antibody as cargo. The design of the Hex nanocarrier is modular, which enables functionalization beyond Fc-binding. We exploited this feature to improve the cytosolic delivery efficiency of the Hex nanocarrier by addition of an endosomolytic motif to the core. The modified Hex nanocarrier exhibited similar antibody-binding behavior, but delivered more antibodies to their cytosolic targets at a faster rate. This work demonstrates an efficient intracellular antibody delivery platform with significant advantages over existing approaches as it does not require modification of the antibody, is biodegradable, and has an antibody to carrier mass ratio of 13, which is greater than other reported antibody carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung In Lim
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Cyril I Lukianov
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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Abstract
If the isolation, production, and clinical use of insulin marked the inception of the age of biologics as therapeutics, the convergence of molecular biology and combinatorial engineering techniques marked its coming of age. The first wave of recombinant protein-based drugs in the 1980s demonstrated emphatically that proteins could be engineered, formulated, and employed for clinical advantage. Yet despite the successes of protein-based drugs such as antibodies, enzymes, and cytokines, the druggable target space for biologics is currently restricted to targets outside the cell. Insofar as estimates place the number of proteins either secreted or with extracellular domains in the range of 8000 to 9000, this represents only one-third of the proteome and circumscribes the pathways that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Clearly, a major objective for this field to reach maturity is to access, interrogate, and modulate the majority of proteins found inside the cell. However, owing to the large size, complex architecture, and general cellular impermeability of existing protein-based drugs, this poses a daunting challenge. In recent years, though, advances on the two related fronts of protein engineering and drug delivery are beginning to bring this goal within reach. First, prompted by the restrictions that limit the applicability of antibodies, intense efforts have been applied to identifying and engineering smaller alternative protein scaffolds for the modulation of intracellular targets. In parallel, innovative solutions for delivering proteins to the intracellular space while maintaining their stability and functional activity have begun to yield successes. This review provides an overview of bioactive intrabodies and alternative protein scaffolds amenable to engineering for intracellular targeting and also outlines advances in protein engineering and formulation for delivery of functional proteins to the interior of the cell to achieve therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Miersch
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Vishnu Vardhan GP, Savithri HS, Murthy MRN, Hema M. Biodistribution and toxicity evaluation of sesbania mosaic virus nanoparticles in mice. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2673-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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